OXFORD
English File
^0 Intermediate Plus
Student's e-book
fourth
edition
Christina Latham-Koenig CNve Oxenden Kate Chomacki
OXJORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Rle*
Intermediate Plus
Student's e-book
Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden Kate Chomacki
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of English File ? and English File 2
Contents
r
			GRAMMAR	VOCABULARY	PRONUNCIATION
1			I		I I
6	A Why did they call you that?		pronouns	names	vowel sounds
10	B Life in colour		adjectives	adjective suffixes	word stress
14	Practica! English Episode 1		reporting lost luggage		
					
2					
16	A Get ready! Get setl Gol		present tenses	packing	hi, IrJ, and hti
20	B Go to checkout		possessives	shops and services	r and final -r
24	Revise and Check t&2				
					
3					:
26	A Grow up!		past simple, past continuous, or	stages of life	-ed endings.
			used to?		sentence rhythm
30	B Photo albums		prepositions	photography	word stress
34	Practical English Episode 2		renting a car		
					
4			I		1 1
36	A Don't throw it away!		future forms: will / shall and	rubbish and recycling	/ail and ici/
			be going to		
40	B Put "rt on your CV		first and second conditionals	study and work	word stress
44	Revise and Check 3&4				
					
5					
46	A Screen time		present perfect simple	television	tvil, tvJ, and 'h/
50	B A quiet life?		present perfect continuous	the country	vowel sounds,
					sentence rhythm
54	Practica! English Episode 3		making a police report		
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
PRONUNCIATION
56	A What the waiter really thinks	obligation, necessity, prohibition, advice	at a restaurant	word pairs with and
60	B Da it yourself	can. could, and be abfe to	DIY and repairs, paraphrasing	consonant dusters
64	Revise and Chech 5&6			
66   A Take your cash
phrasal verbs
70   B Shall we go out or stay in?     verb patterns
74   Practical English Episode 4        talking about house rules
cash machines, phrasal verbs
live entertainment
linking homographs
s	1		
76   A Treat yourself
have something done
looking after yourself sentence stress
B Sites and sights	the passive, defining and non-defining relative clauses	wars and battles, historic buildings	silent consonants	
Revise and Check 7&8				
66	A Total recall	reported speech	word building	word stress
90	B Here comes the bride	third conditional and other uses of the past perfect, adverbs	weddings	sentence stress
94	Practical English Episode 5	giving directions in a building		
10			:	
96	A The land of the free?	be, do, and have: auxiliary and main verbs	British and Arne English	rican            stress on be, do, and have
100	B Please turn over your papers	revision of verb forms	exams	revision of sounds
104	Revise and Check 9&10			
106	Communication	132 Grammar Bank	164	Appendix
115	Writing	152 Vocabulary Bank	165	Irregular verbs
124	Listening		166	Sound Bank
Course overview
English File
Welcome to English File fourth edition. This is how to use the Student's Book, Online Practice, and the Workbook in and out of class.
Student's Book
Ail the language and skills you need to improve your English, with Grammar, Vocabulary, Pronunciation, and skills work in every File. Also available as an eBook.
Use your Student's Bock in class with your teacher.
Grammar, Vocabulary, and Pronunciation practice for every lesson.
Use your Work book for homework or for self-study to practise language and to check your progress.
Goto
englrshfileonlinexom ■
and use the code on : yo u r Access Card to j log into the Online / Practice.       / A
ACTIVITIES   AUDIO       VIDEO RESOURCES
Online Practice
Look again at Student's Book language you want to review or that you missed in class, do extra Practice activities, and Check your progress on what you've learnt so far.
Use the Online Practice to learn outside the classroom and get instant feedback on your progress.
Review the language from every lesson.
Watch the videos and listen to all the class audio as many times as you like.
* Improve your skills with extra Reading, Writing, Listening and Speaking practice.
• Use the interactive video to practise Practical English.
CHECK YOUR PROGRESS
Test yourself on the language from the File and get instant feedback.
• Try an extra Challenge.
SOUND BANK
* Use the Sound Bank videos
to practise and improve t     your pronunciation of English sounds.
englishfiJeonline.com
p
Why did they call you that?
Jťs Charlotte, but usually people call me Charlie.
G pronouns IV names ■ P vowel sounds
1 VOCABULARY names
a   Read about the people and match photos A-H to the texts. Compare with a partner and together, work out the meaning of the bold words and phrases.
its NyOng'o
H Her fijfl name is Lupita Amondi Nyong'o. She was born in Mexico and her parents gave her a Spanish name which is short for Guadalupe.
2 He was an English writer, poet and university professor, and author of The Lord oŕ tne Rings. His fuli initials were J.R.R.T, but he was known as Ranald to his family.
3 Her maiden name was Sklodowska, but she was awarded the Nobef Prise under her married name.
4 Her name comes from her childhood nickname of 'Smiley'. She changed her name legally, from Destiny, in 2003.
5 After she became a famous novelist, she published detective stories under the pseudonym Robert Galbraith.
6 She is an a ward-winning actress who is named after a city near where she was born, in the state of Minnesota, USA.
7 His -first name is James, after hi* father, but his family used his middle name to avoid confusion.
8 His first three albums are called + {Pfos}, x {Multiply}, and ?■ [Divide). His name is Edward, but he's called Ed for short.
{E>1,2 Listen and check.
Tell a partner about someone you know who...
• has a nickname. • is called something for short.
■ is named after a place.        • has a very old-fashioned name.
• is named after a famous       • has changed his / her name, person.
2 PRONUNCIATION
vowel sounds
a   ©1.3 Look at^he first na mes in t he chart. Listen andjgird^the name which doesn't have the sound in the sound picture.
' 1	Chris Bi"           5 S Lmda Diana	Adele Edward Leo Jessica
	Peter Steve        , J§V Emiiy 6	Sam Grace James Kate
	Eve	
	Alex Amy         7 /gV Andrew Anna	Tony Joe Nicole Sophie
4 s^,	George Charlotte   8 CIS Sean	Caroling Mia Mike Simon
With a partner, decide if the names in a are men's names, women's names, or both. Write M, W, or B next to each name-Are any of them short for another name?
0 Communication Middle names quiz p.106 Do the quiz.
3 READING
4 LISTENING & SPEAKING
a  With a partner, guess which countries or regions these names are from. Do you think they are first names or surnames?
Yeon Seok  Rakhmaninov   Lopez Ramirez Aarush;   Li   Abdul Ahad Jonc-s
b   Read the article and check your answers to a. Are the first names from the list male or female?
c   Read the article again. In which country or countries,..?
1 does the surname come before the first name
2 do people have no surname
3 do people have more than one surname
4 do people have a middle name connected to their father's name
5 do some people stop using the surname they were born with
6 are people given names depending on when they were bom
d  What is the naming custom in your country? Has it changed over the years? Do you think it ought to change?
©1-4 Listen to four people talking about their name. For each person, write their name and tick {</) if they are happy with it.
Listen again and answer the questions for each person.
1 Why did their parents choose that name for them?
2 Do they have a nickname?
3 Would they like to change their name?
c   Answer the questions in groups.
What's your first name?
Why did your parents call you that?
Do you have a middle name?
Do you have a nickname, or are you called something for short?
Do you use your initials or your full name when you Sign your name?
Do you like your name? Why (not]? Would you like to change it? What to?
Are there any names you don't like at all? Why do you dislike them?
Do you think it's an advantage or a disadvantage to...?
- have a very long name
- have a very unusual name
- be named after a celebrity
Naming customs around the world
1 KOREA Names in Korea are written with the surname first, and the first name usually has two parts. So, if Yeon Seok has the surname Lee, his name is written Lee Yeon Seok, Two-part first names are never shortened; that is, Lee Yeon Seok will always be called Yeon Seok, not Yeon.
2 RUSSIA Russian names have three parts: a first name, a patronymic (a middle name based on the father's first name}, and the father's surname. If Viktor Aleksandrovkh Rakhmaninov has two children, his son's name might be Mikhail Viktorevich Rakhmaninov and his daughter's name might be Svetlana Viktorevna Rakhmaninova {the V at the end of all three names shows that she is female).
3 SPANISH-SPEAKINGCOUNTRIES Inmost Spanish-speaking countries, people have a first name (sometimes in two parts, e.g. Maria Jose, Juan Carlos) and two surnames, their father's and their mother's, for example, Maria Jose Lopez Ramirez. In Spain, traditionally
the father's surname goes first, followed by the mother's, but nowadays the order can be reversed. However, both surnames are always used and on any form, people will be asked for their surnames, not their surname,
4 INDIA India has many religions and languages which influence the naming customs. Hindu first names are usually based on the position
of the planets at the date and time of birth, but the names are often shortened by family and friends. For example, a brother and sister may have the formal names Aditya and Aarushl. but family and friends may call them Adi and Ashi for short.
5 CHINA Chinese names are made up of three 'characters': a one-character surname followed by a two-character first name, e.g. Li Xiu Ying. A child's official name is used for their
birth certificate and for school, but Chinese children often have a different name that is used among friends and classmates.
6 AFGHANISTAN Afghan names traditionally consist of only a first name. Male first names are usually Arabic double names, e.g. Abdul Ahad, and women are generally given Persian names, e.g. Jasmine, Surnames are chosen only when needed. Commonly, this is when people have contact with the Western world. The surname may be related to the tribe the person comes from, their place of birth, or their profession,
eg. 'Doctor'.This may result in people within the same family having different surnames.
7 THE UK Since the 15th century, British women have taken their husband's surname when they get married,
so when Sophie Jones marries Peter Elliot, she becomes Mrs Sophie Elliot. However, 14% of married women now choose to keep their maiden name, If they do so, couples sometimes then combine their surnames for their children, so if Sophie decided to keep the surname Jones, their children might have the surname J ones-Elliot or Elliot-Jones,
5 GRAMMAR pronouns
a  Talk to a partner. What are the two most popular brand names in your country for phones, sportswear, and cars? Do you know what country the brands are from, or what the names mean?
b   Read about how the Kindle got its name. Do you think it's a good name? Why [not)?
The Kindle eBook reader
first appeared in 2007, and since then, millions of them have been sold. But how did it get its unusual name? Amazon's founder, Jeff Beios. asked an American designer, Michael Cmnan, to think of a name for the new device. Bezos told him that he didn't want a high-tech name because Amazon's customers loved traditional paper books. Crons n and his wife talked to each other about the warm, comfortable feelings people get from reading. Finally, he chose the word 'kindle', which
means to light a fire-. Cronan thought that it would make people think of the excitement they feel when they are enjoying their favourite book. The name was also inspired by a line from the French novelist Victor Hugo: 'to read is to light a fire',
c    Read the text again. With a partner, say what the highlighted pronouns refer to.
d   @ p.132 Grammar Bank 1A
6 LISTENING
01.6 Listen and change the word order Change the direct object to it or them.
1 )) Give me the book
2 )) Give her the shoe*.
0
G ivp it to me.
f^Give them to her.
Think of a couple you know well (friends or family), Tell your partner about them. Give the information below and anything else you know about them. Try to get all the pronouns right!
names  jobs  children pets appearance  personality  how they met
O'm going to teit you about my neighbours. His name is Mario and hens is Sara. She's a writer and he's an accountant. They don't have any children, , but they have a dog. Its name is Beppo...
	PRSE i ■ —_
	F
f% ****	
a   Look at the brand names in the photos. What do you associate with these brands? How do you think the names are pronounced in English?
b   ®1.7 Listen and check the pronunciation. Which ones are pronounced differently in your language?
c   Work in pairs. Which of the brand names, A-H, do you think these are? Don't write the letters yet.
1 H It means 'three stars' in the local language.
2 It means 'snow white' in Latin,
3 ■ It's a combination of three words.
4 H It's named after a character in a book.
5 It's a translation of the name of a Viking king,
6 B It's named after a Greek goddess.
7 They are named after the people who started the companies.
d CJ)1.8 Now listen to a radio programme about naming and match photos A-H to 1-7 in c. Did you guess them correctly?
e   Listen again and answer the questions.
1 What two words does the name Microsoft come from?
2 In what year was the name Samsung chosen?
3 What was Nike's original name?
4 Why did the Starbucks founders want a name beginning St-?
5 What two Viking letters is the Bluetooth symbol made of?
f   Think of some popular brands from your country. Do you know where the names come from?
7 SPEAKING
Kickstartsr.com is a website that helps people raise money for creative projects, including new product ideas. Read about one product from the website. Do you think it's a good idea? Why (not)?
Explore   Start a project
Search Q   Sign in
500 million plastic drinking straws are thrown away every day in the United States. Our organic straw is made from seaweed. It feels like plastic, but it's 100% plastic-free. You can eat it-it's delicious, fun, and has aero calories. It lasts up to 24 hours in a drink.
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With a partner, look at some possible names for the product in a. Which name do you think is the best? What aspects of the product does it highlight?
Diet straw   Eco-straw   Lolistraw Seastraw
Read about three more products from the website. In small groups, invent a name for each product. Look at the photos and the highlighted words and phrases in the product descriptions: and think about...
• what the product is for.
• why it's Specia .
• how you want people to feel about the product.
• the sound and length of the name.
We make nice things that are good for the planet. We created this amazing lamp for a student competition, it produces warm light from a low energy bulb. The lamp is made from a wine bottle from a local restaurant and oak wood from local trees. The lamp is very easy to take apart and all the parts are entirely recyclable.
Making suggestions
What about...? How about.
We could caff it.. .
Accepting suggestions
That's a good idea. Yes, let's ca/f rt that
Rejecting suggestions
I think it's too,.-
That's nor bad, but...
I
These are the first snack bars that improve your brainpower. They are high in healthy fats and low in carbohydrates and are made only from natural ingredients. They come in three delicious flavours using nuts, fruit, and chocolate; much better for you than snacks with lots of salt, sugar, or caffeine.
Present your names to the rest of the class. Have a class vote to choose the best names.
Our simple building system is for creative people of all ages. You can make almost anything you can think of, in either 2D or 3D, from a picture or a model, to large, complex sculptures, and even furniture. The small magnetic coloured blocks click together easily and are available in a wide range of modern colours. Use it in your workplace, at home, or simply as a fun hobby. Start small, but dream big.
Life in colour
adjectives IV adjective suffices IP word stress
What's your favourite colour?
I really like bright blue.
1 VOCABULARY adjective suffixes a   Do the colour test.
The colour test
What kirtd ot person are you? Look at the eight colours quickly and choose the one you like best. Think about why you like it.
b  © Communication The colour test p.106 Read about the colour you chose.
c   Answer the questions in pairs.
1 What colour did you choose in the test? Do you both agree with your results?
2 What colour(s) do you wear most? Do you think they say anything about your personailty? Are there any colours you would never wear?
Talking shout results According to the test, I'm,., It says that I'm...
That's quite accurate. / That's definite Jy me. That's not me, / That Isn't accurate at all.
Complete some adjectives from the colour test with the correct ending: -able, -ate, -ive, ■ousr at -ful.
ambit!. £0cj_
passion
SUCCESS-
sensit
2 PRONUNCIATION word stress
Word stress on adjectives formed with suffixes When an adjective is formed from a root word and a suffix, the stress is always on a syllable of the root word, and not on the suffix, e.g. reJy - reliable. The stress stays the same when a negative prefix is added, e.g. unreliable.
e   O p-152 Vocabulary Bank Adjective suffixes
a   Underline the stressed syllable in the bold adjectives in the questions below.
1 Do you think you are a ere a tive person? Why (not)?
2 Are you very po sse ssive of anything, e.g. your phone or your laptop? Why don't you like other people using it?
3 Have you ever felt eri vi ous of a brother or sister? Why (not)?
4 Were you a re be Hi ous child or teenager? What kinds of things did you do?
5 Who is the most gla mo rous person you know? What makes him / her like that?
6 What are your moisl comfor ta bie clothes? When do you wear them?
7 What kind of un heal thy Food do you really like eating? S What do you think is a sui ta ble present to take if
somebody Invites you for a meal at their house? 9 What's the most im pre ssive monument or building you Ve ever seen? Why did you like it so much? 10 Have you ever been to a very lu xu ri ous hotel or restaurant? Where? Was it worth the money?
b   ©1.12 Listen to the adjectives and check. Then listen again and repeat them.
c   Work with a partner. A ask B questions 1-5. Then B ask A questions 6-10.
3 LISTENING
a   What colour do you associate with the following? Why?
calmness   happiness   luck   power safety
b  Read some facts about colour. In pairs, discuss which colour from the list could go in each gap.
black   blue   brown   green orange pink  purple   red   white yellow
10
Fascinating colour facts
Research shows that the world's most popular colour is blue, followed by purple, red, and green, while white, □range, and yellow are our least favourite colours,
• Works of art using the colour 1. . tend to be more expensive, ...
* The word 2_ didn't describe a specific colour
in English until the 16th century, when it was named after the fruit. Instead, peopie used the old English word 'geoluhread', which meant'yellow-red-....
* 3_ has a calming effect and reduces anger and anxiety....
• In imperial Rome, the colour4 was produced with an extremely expensive dye made from thousands of seashells....
Mosquitoes are attracted to dark colours, especially
• There is no such thing as a 4 mammal, even though it's a perfectly common colour for birds, reptiles, fish, and insects. ...
* Van Gogh said that7 was the colour of happiness, and it's the main colour of many of his paintings between i860 and J89Q....
©1.13 Listen to a podcast about colour and check your answers to b. How many did you get right?
d  Listen again. Which colour does the speaker say.,.?
1 can be seen clearly in most types of weather
2 Isn't used to describe a hair colour
3 originally meant 'to shine'
4 might be seen more strongly by someone who has a certain illness
5 is not a good colour to wear outside on & summer evening
6 could once only be worn by a very powerful person
7 is a lucky colour in some countries
8 might be a good colour to use in a hospital
9 is the colour of something found in South Africa in 1935
10 certain types of animals can't see
e   Which facts might make you think more carefully about your choice of colours?
4 SPEAKING
Talk to a partner.
What colours do these words remind you of? Can you explain why?
spring   summer  autumn winter work  holiday  money  love hate
What colour; would you choose? for these things? Why?
smart shoes  a phone case   a bag a suitcase  a car  a sofa
Do you know anyone who.,.?
• wears very colourful clothes
• never wears colourful clothes
• dyes his / her hair an unusual colour
• wears one colour most of the time
• is colour-blind (unable to see the difference between some colours, especially red and green)
What are they like?
5 GRAMMAR adjectives
a   Complete some more colour facts with a word from the list.
as   in   more   most   much   ones  than the
1 According to a recent survey, the world's_
popular colour is blue.
2 White meat is considered healthier red meat.
3 Black tulips are often more expensive than pink_.
4 The blue whale is the largest creature the world.
5 Insurance for a red car can be a bit_
expensive than for other colours.
6 White tigers are less common than ordinary tigers.
7 Black tea isn't generally as good for you_
green tea.
8 According to a survey, most popular car colour in Europe is white.
b   0 p.133 Grammar Bank 1B
c   Talk to a partner. Choose three topics or questions from each section.
>thers
COMPARE THEM!
1 restaurant food and home-made food
2 being an only child and having lots of brothers and sisters
3 people from the north and south of your country
4 walking or running outdoors and going to the gym
5 studying in the morning and studying at night
6 going on holiday abroad and going on holiday in your country
r\ think restaurant food is better than my home-made food because I'm not a very good cook, but it's much more expensive and it usually isn't as healthy...
film you've ever seen? {sad) Did you
EXTREMES!
1 What is cry?
2 Which sportsperson do you think is role model? (positive) Why do you think so?
3 Which is       tourist attraction in your town or area? (popular) Which do you think is       ? (good)
4 What's the       place you've ever been to? (far) Why did you go there?
5 Who is       person you know? (generous) Why do you think so?
6 Which subject did you find      at school? (boring) Why didn't you like it?
C, think the saddest film I've ever seen is Brokeback Mountain. I've seen it twice and I cried both times.
6 READING
a   Look at the photos of three rooms. Which colour scheme do you like best? What do you think are the best colours for a) a bedroom, b) a bathroom, c) a study?
b   Read the article quickly. Which room in a most closely follows the advice in the article?
c   Read the article again. Complete the chart for each room. Which three colours are not always suitable for bedrooms?
	Suitable colours
a bedroom	
a living room	
a dining room	
a kitchen	
a study	
a bathroom	
How co our affects our mood
Since ancient times, colour has been linked to the way we think and Feel. For early humans, the red of fire signalled danger. Later, artists used coloured glass in church windows to represent different fee lings, for example, green symbolized hope. In modern times, the colours we use to paint the walls in our houses can affect our mood, So which colours should we use when we are decorating?
Red is an optimistic colour. It's a good colour for 3 dining room, because it makes people feel sociable. It stimulates conversation and makes you feel hungry. But as it's a strong colour, it can sometimes be a bit too much, and even give people headaches. You could just paint one wall red, or use it for accessories such as lamps and curtains. However, never use red in a baby's bedroom, as it may stop the baby from sleeping. Pink, on the other hand, is often used in bedrooms, it's traditionally the coiour of love - a pale shade can be peaceful and restful, while a darker shade can suggest passion. Some people think it's a very 'girlie' colour, so adding in areas of dark grey or black to this colour scheme can help make it more generally attractive.
If you want a warm, comforting effect, try orange, it's also good for dining rooms, as it's said that it helps you digest your food. However, like red, it's a strong colour and can make a room look smaller, so only use it in a room that gets plenty of light. A colour that's great for smaller spaces, on the other hand, is yellow. It's a happy, energetic colour, and is a good colour for a kitchen, as apparently, it discourages insects! It's not very restful though, so it's best not to use it for a bedroom.
Purple is good for rooms where you work, for example, a study or a bedroom, because It's a very creative, stimulating colour. However, it's another colour that can make it difficult for people to relax after a busy day, so if you use it in a bedroom, it's a good idea to combine it with a lighter shade or another colour. Blue äs also suitable for a study, because it helps you to think and concentrate, as weil as being calm and restful. It's a popular colour for bathrooms, and bedrooms too, where a lot of people spend 'thinking time'. Another calming colour is green, and it's also good for a bedroom or living room. Green makes people feel relaxed and less stressed, but it can make them lazy, so if you don't want people to go to sleep on the sofa, choose cushions and carpets in a bright colour like red or orange.
For people who prefer neutral colours, brown can be a good choice. Although it can be boring, it's a safe, reliable colour in a living room, and you can paint one wall green or blue if you want a bit of extra mental stimulation! Other neutral colours, like white, grey, and beige, are always in fashion. White is the most flexible. It's safe and clean, and you can add any other colours to make the room look brighter. However, white isn't great for a bedroom if you want to relax there - a survey showed that people with a white bedroom tended to work in bed at least three times a week. Finally, the most dramatic, and perhaps eccentric, choice of bedroom wall colour is black. In fact, it works in any room in moderation, for example, one black wall.
d  Talk to a partner. Why does the article suggest...?
1 only using red for one wall
2 adding grey or black to a pink room
3 only using orange in a light room
4 using yellow In a kitchen
5 combining different shades of purple in a bedroom
6 having red or orange accessories in a green living room
7 having a green or blue wali in a brown living room
8 not using white for a bedroom
9 using black
e   Look at some adjectives from the article to describe colours. Match them to 1-3.
pale / light green       bright green dark green
Mm-*.
Use the adjectives to describe these colours.
f   Are there any rooms in your house that are painted the 'right' or 'wrong' colours, according to the article? Do you think you should change them?
7 SPEAKING & WRITING
a Vou're going to describe your favourite room in your house to a partner. Think about these things.
• why it's your favourite room
• th e co I ou rs of t he wa! I s a nd access ories, e.g, curtains, blinds, cushions, carpets
• the furniture that's in the room, e.g. sofa, armchairs, etc,
• any paintings or posters
• what you can see from the window
• anything else in the room
While you listen to your partner, ask questions to help you imagine what their room is like.
b  © p.11S Writing Describing a room Write a description of your favourite room.
Practical English A bad start
reporting lost luggage
1 O JENNY IS BACK IN LONDON
V
a  ©117 Jenny works in New York for the magazine NewYork 24seven. She has just arrived in London, Watch or listen to her talking to Andrew. How does he help her? What problem does she have at the end?
b  Watch or listen again, Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false]. Correct the F sentences.
1 Jenny is in the UK for business and pleasure.
2 Andrew was on holiday in New York.
3 Jenny's husband (Rob} is working in San Francisco.
4 Andrew gives Jenny back her laptop.
5 He introduces himself, and says his surname is Paton.
6 Jenny's Flight to London was delayed.
Why do you think a man was watching Jenny and Andrew? What do you think he is going to do?
2 O REPORTING LOST LUGGAGE
a   ©1.18 Watch or listen to Jenny reporting her missing suitcase. Answer the questions.
1 How long is Jenny staying in the UK?
2 What does her suitcase look like?
3 What's in it?
4 How long will it probably rake for Jenny to get her case back?
b   Watch or listen again. Complete the You hear phrases,
You hear
Can I help you?
You say
Yeah, my suitcase hasn't arrived.
. flight were you on?  Flight RT163 from JFK.
I'll take your2_
and then I can issue you with a reference number. Can I have your name, please?
And you're a 3_to
the UK.
_are you
staying for?
My name's Jenny Zietinski. That's Z-I-E-L-I-N-S-KJ.
How*
OK. How many
That's right. Ten days.
Just one-a suitcase.
are you missing? Can you 6_it for me?
Weil, it's kind of greyish blue . .and hare' plastic, I think.
And what7
is it?
Oh, it's medium size, like this. And it has wheels.
Anything else?
Yeah, there's a small lock and a label with my name and phone number on it.
And what wasJ
the suitcase?
Can I have your *_
Just about everything! Clothes, toiletries, all my personal belongings, really.
And a
Just a minute. It's The the UK? Grange, Marsh Lane, Long Crendon, Oxfordshire.
number? Yes, it's 001 202 494 012.
And finally, can you 11_this?
It's possible. We're very
u_for the
inconvenience. Here's your reference number, You can track the progress of your
luggage 13_„ or just
give us a call. Bui we should be able to get it back to you within 24 hours.
Of course, Do you have any idea where it is? I mean, do you think it's still in New York?
That'd be great. Thank you.
0)1,19 Watch or listen and repeat some of the You say phrases. Copy the rhythm and intonation.
Practise the conversation in b with a partner.
■a In pairs, role-play the conversation.
A You are a passenger on flight BA1722 from San Francisco, You have just landed at London Heathrow Airport and your luggage hasn't arrived, so you go to Lost Luggage to report it. B works at the Lost Luggage counter. Use the Useful language box to help you to describe your luggage.
6 You work at the Lost Luggage counter at London Heathrow Airport. A's luggage hasn't arrived. Take A's details and give a reference number.
Swap roles.
Useful language: describing luggage Type of luggage: sufrcase / case, sports bag, backpack / rucksack
Colour: It's dark / tight / greyish blue, etc.
Material: It's made of hard plastic / canvas / synthetic material, etc.
Size: It's email I medium s«e I terge.
Extras: ft has four wheels / a logo / a fa be J, etc.
O AT HENRY'S HOUSE
CD 1.20 Watch or listen to the rest of Jenny's day. What other problem does she have?
Watch or listen again. Answer the questions.
1 Is Rob having a good time in Alaska? Why [not}?
2 What is Jenny drinking?
3 Whose computer is she using? Why?
4 Who is Luke?
5 When is Jenny going to see him? Why?
6 What is Henry going to lend Jenny?
Who is Selina Lsvelle? Why do you think Grant [the man who was following them) is watching Henry's house?
Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?
Social English
1 Henry {And) it's Jenny It's
Henry No, no, . Jenny  It's weird, Rob     I really Jenny Rob
_to see you.
to see you too, me take that.
_it?
you.
it?
Oh no! That's
it's not your_
8 Rob    Oh _I You'll look great in
those, Jenny!
d  ©1,21 Watch or listen and complete the phrases. Then watch or listen again and repeat.
e   Complete conversations A-G with Social English phrases 1-8, Then practise them with a partner,
A        Nobody's answering the door. How strange.	Yes. Jj
B            It's too heavy for you to carry.	Thanks so much.
C      Did you know there was a fire at the station last night?	No, 1 didn't. Was anybody hurt?
D      I'm in New York today, and then I fly to Atlanta for a few day 5.	When will you be home?
E        Do you like my new bag7	It's really beautiful!
F             I'm exhausted. First I missed my train, and then the next one was delayed.	Poor you.
G           Hit Welcome back!	You're looking very we Hi
CAN YOU...?
report lost luggage
greet someone you haven't seen for some time sympathize with someone about a problem
Get ready! Get set! Go!
^^^k At 9.00. I'm
What time getting a taxi
does your «^9 airport
flight fLs? at60°-
G present tenses! V packing
6.00.
1 VOCABULARY packing
a  What type of holiday is a 'city break'? If you could go on one this month, where would you most like to go to?
b   Imagine you're going on the city break in a. You can only take a small suitcase. Talk to a partner. Which of the things in the photo below would you definitely pack?
(^'d definitely pack trainers, an umbrella,...
c   © p.1B3 Vocabulary Bank Packing
d   Now imagine you're going on a beach holiday. Make a list of the ten things you would definitely pack. Then compare your list with a partner. What differences are there?
2
a
b c
PRONUNCIATION f$f, lzit and hil
Look at the words below. What sound do the pink letters have, jjjt or ^j?
slippers scissors
Qs2.A Listen and check. Practise saying the words.
What sound do the pink letters have in these words? Write five words in each column.
batteries cards flip-flops passport pyjamas ra^or  swimsuit  sunscreen   toothpaste visa
®2.5 Listen and check. Practise saying the words, In what position is s never pronounced /'?
ircle the words where the final -es is pronounced li/J.
beaches   brushes   eases   clothes headphones magazines   shoes sunglasses
>2.6 Listen and check. Practise saying the words. When is ■es pronounced :\zJ7
3 LISTENING
4 SPEAKING
a   Have you ever forgotten to pack something really important when you went on holiday {e.g. a document)? What was it? What did you do?
b   Read the introduction to an article- What do you think are the top three things that British travellers most often forget to pack?
Home | News | Sport | TV | Health | Science
Money
British people spend millions of pounds replacing forgotten holiday items
By TRAVEL REPORTER
41% of people forget to pack at least one essential item when they go on holiday, according to a survey of British travellers. In total, almost 15 million important holiday items are left behind each year, and travellers spend £118 million buying these things again once they reach their destination.
Oh no, / forgot my charger.
c   02.7 Listen to the top ten items in reverse order, and write them down. Did you guess the top three correctly?
d  You're going to listen to a travel journalist giving advice about how to pack. In pairs, try to predict what the missing words are In tips 1-8.
1 Don't pack__,
2 Keep some space in your suitcase for_
3 Pack in the right_.
4 Make sure your_arrive looking good.
5 Keep your and together.
6 Use_ bags.
7 Think about airport_.
8 Buy a travel_,
©2.8 Listen to the tips and check. Did you predict any of them correctly?
©2.9 Now listen to all the journalist's advice and answer the questions,
1 What should you do with one third of the clothes you were planning to pack?
2 What kinds of things might you want to buy on holiday?
3 Where should you pack the clothes you're planning to wear on the first day of your holiday?
4 How should you pack a) T-shirts, b) shirts?
5 Where should you put your chargers and adaptors?
6 What should you pack inside your shoes?
7 What should you pack at the top of your hand luggage?
8 Why is it important to also print out documents that you have on your phone?
Do you already do any of these things? Which tip do you think is the most useful?
a   Read the questionnaire and think about your answers.
How good are you at
preparing for a holiday?
(Sfr Planning
■ How much research do you do before you decide where to go. where to stay, and how to travel? What websites do you use?
■ How far in advance do you book flights and accommodation? [f you're travelling by plane, do you check your luggage allowance?
■ Do you usually ask people to look after your house [or pet. pJants. etc) while you're away? Do you try to leave the house clean and tidy before you go?
* If you are travelling toy car. do you always get your car serviced before you leave? Do you plan the route in advance?
Packing
When do you start packing? Do you make a list of what to pack?
Do you usually pack too much or too little? Have you ever had to pay for excess baggage?
Have you ever packed anything fragile which was broken when you arrived? How well had you packed it?
Where do you normally put Important travel documents?
Leaving
■ How early do you like to arrive at the airport or station? Have you ever missed a flight, train, or bus?
■ Have you ever realized at the last moment that one of your travel documents was out of date? What did you do?
■ How far in advance do you normally check in for a flight?
Answer the questions with a partner. Ask for more information and give examples, Which of you is better prepared for a holiday?
r\ don't do much research. I usually ask friends to recommend somewhere to go. Then I book ^a cheap flight and a room on Alrbnb.
GRAMMAR present tenses
6 READING
Caroline's going on holiday to Ibiza. girdjythe correct verb form to complete her messages to her friends. Tick (/) if both forms are possible.
Just arrived at the airport. 1 / wear/ I'm wearing a sun hat and flip-flops and 2 / look like I I'm looking like a typical tourist. Ibiza, here I come!
Oh no! I can't find my boarding pass! My flight3 boards f is boarding at 11.00..30 minutes from now...
Great news. Just found my boarding pass in the book 3I read i I'm reading. s \ have I I'm having a quick drink in the bar,
10.35*4/ 1
_<■*■
Compare with a partner. Explain why you think each form is correct.
0 p.134 Grammar Bank 2A
© Communication Caroline's holiday plans A p.107 B p.111 Ask and answer questions to complete a holiday calendar.
Make questions with the present simple or present continuous. Then ask and answer with a partner.
Holidays
• / you / prefer summer holidays or winter holidays? Why?
• Which places / you / think about going to for your next holiday?
• Why / you / want to go there?
Weekends
• What / you / usually do at the weekend?
• What / you / do this weekend?
Today
• What time / this class / finish? Where / you /go after class today?
• What/you / do / this evening? Where / you / have dinner?
a   Are there any things that you do on holiday that you don't usually do in normal life? Think about the things below,
activities  daily routine  food and drink shopping   spending money
[ I don't usually do much exercise, but when I'm on holiday, I go for a I lot of walks, and if I'm at the beach, I swim every day.
b  Read the article once. Does it mention any of the things you answered in a?
i'rjiTnpr*
on holida
We aJI have them, strange little rituals that have become an important part of any holiday, and if you don't do them, it somehow doesn't feet quite right...
Go on an airport shopping spree
This could be because you like a bargain, it could also be because you get to the airport and realize that you packed at the last minute and O whatever the reason, the hour before your flight is usually spent buying more travel adaptors, sweets, another pair of headphones, and unnecessary clothes.
Pay too much for hotel extras
Vou never eat macadamia nuts at home. But when you find them in a little jar beside the minibar, you have to eat them. Whether it's a tiny but ridiculously expensive tub of Pringles, or an overpriced and mediocre cocktail at the bar, you don't seem to have a problem paying far too much for little extras at your hotel, it may be because you're tired after the journey, or just because you're on holiday, but suddenly 3Q
Steat things (sort of)
Of course you don't take bathrobes or towels, but after being charged so much for those macadamia nuts, you try to get your revenge on rite hotel by taking little things - espresso capsules, shampoo, shower gel...sometimes even a sewing kit, that Q.
Talk to strangers
on holiday, suddenly everyone wants to make new friends. How many times have you started talking to the people at the next table at a restaurant in your town? Probably never. But walk into a beachside taverns., and O
Change your eating habits
Your normal breakfast routine goes completely out the window. Goodbye cornflakes, hello smoked salmon, eggs, toast, and a big slice of cake from the note! buffet. You're also thrilled when you find strange and exciting foods at the local supermarket and you want to try them all, even though O
Sleep in the afternoon
Maybe it's because the shops have closed. Maybe *D Maybe it's all that breakfast. Whatever the reason, afternoon naps only become a fixture twice a year: at Christmas and on holiday.
Buy pointless postcards, and other rubbish
There must be millions of postcards out there that people buy and never send. They're a great reminder of your holiday, but when you get home, you put them in a shoebox under the bed and never look at them again. You also have the urge to buy cheap souvenirs from street stalls. 'A fridge magnet of the Eiffel Tower? A solar-powered Japanese sumo-wrestler figure?' 'Yes, sure, '[ZL..'
Visit obscure museums
Can you imagine your partner suggesting a Saturday afternoon trip to the local ethnographical museum to see a wonderful new ceramics exhibition? Definitely not. But on a city break, suddenly the most obscure cultural attractions develop a magnetic pull. 'Darling, the guidebook says it's one of Hungary's six best museums, so ■CI./
c   Read the article again. Complete it with phrases A-H.
A I'll take three
B it's too much sun
C you don't seem to care about prices
D we absolutely must 90
E you aren't as prepared as you should be
F you aren't normally adventurous at home
G you'll never ever use
H you're suddenly super-sociable
d   Look at the highlighted phrases. With a partner, try to explain what they mean in your own words.
e  Talk to a partner. Do you ever do any of these things on holiday? Give examples and reasons why you do them,
7 SPEAKING
a   Look at the pairs of holiday options in the box. On your own, decide which one you prefer in each pair, and think of reasons why.
Would you rather,.,
have one long holiday
have a holiday abroad
travel north
go somewhere you've been before
go on holiday with family stay in one place stay in a hotel have an active holiday see interesting monuments and museums
go somewhere where there are good shops
I
several short holidays in your own country south
somewhere new
with friends
travel around rent a house or flat a relaxing holiday
interesting wildlife and scenery
somewhere where there is good food
b   Now compare in small groups. Explain your
reasons. Do you all like the same kind of holiday?
JD Expressing preferences
I'd rather have one long holiday.
i'd prefer to have several short holidays.
8 WRITING
{J) p,116 Writing Holiday messages Write a series of messages to post to friends.
Adopted ham the Daily Telegraph
10
Go to checkout ^
where did
you get your scarf?
From a website that a friend of mine recommended.
G possessives! V shops and services I P r and final -:
1 GRAMMAR possessives
Look at the photos. For each one, say:
When was the last time you bought one [or some)? Did you buy them in a shop or online? Why?
4k
2 PRONUNCIATION rand final -r a   ©2.17 Listen and repeat the words and sound.
b  Are there any things in the photos that you would never buy online? Why not?
c   Read sentences 1-6. Do they refer to shopping in a physical shop or shopping online?
1 Excuse me, could you teil me where to find childrens books?
2 I'm going to get Carlos present from Amazon. I know there's a book he wants,
3 When we've finished shopping, we're going to Martas - she lives near the shopping centre.
4 A Is this your husbands new car?
B Yes, He got it on eBay - it was a fantastic bargain.
5 When my sisters sweater arrived, it was the wrong size, so she had to send It back.
6 My two daughters friends ail shop at the new boutique on the corner - it's the 'in' place, apparently.
d  With a partner, look at the highlighted words and phrases in c, and add an apostrophe (') in the correct place.
e  0 p.135 Grammar Bank 2B
receipt room children parents   wrong write
©2.18 Listen to the pairs of sentences, Then■jjjjrd^the correct word to complete the pronunciation rule.
1 a It's her shop,   b It's herown shop.
2 a The bank's on the corner,
b The bank's on the corner of the road.
3 a He's my brother,   b He's my brother-in-law,
4 a Is that umbrella yours?  b Is that yourjurnbrella?
5 s It's our business,  b It's our own business
P Final -r
Final-r is pronounced < when the next word begins with a vowe!/ consonant sound.
c   Listen again and practise saying the sentences.
d  ©2.19 Listen and write five sentences. Then listen again and mark where -r is pronounced ;rf.
20
3 LISTENING
a   Look at a list of things people love and hate about online shopping. Tick (/) the things from each section that you strongly agree with. Compare with a partner.
Online shopping is here to stay
Do you love it or hate It - or both?
THINGS WE LOVE
I I You don't have to carry heavy bags any more. H It's easy to send presents to people, I I You can do your shopping from work without anyone noticing,
H You can buy things from shops that aren't near you. You can do your shopping i n you r pyjamas, w h en it's cold and raining outside . Things are often cheaper than if you buy them in a shop. _ You don't have to push your way through crowds of people. !__ Online shops are open 24/7.
THINGS WE HATE
_ You do Less exercise and interact less with other people.
J You can't get advfce from a specialist shop assistant. You can't feel things or see exactly what I hey look Like. Your shopping is always delivered when you're out. Supermarkets often substitute an item you ordered for something you don't want-Things are often bigger or smaller than you wanted because you didn't read the detailed description.
_ Clothes or shoes often don't fit or don't suit you because you weren't able to try them on. IH If something isn't right, it can be a problem sending it back or getting it changed.
b $2.20 You're going to listen to ftve people talking about what they love or hate about online shopping. First, listen and complete some extracts. Are the phrases positive or negative?
1 It'^just a huge __
2 It's so_.
3 That's a real_.
4 It was a real_.
5 I_the fact that...
6 It's being able to...
7 That's so_.
c   $2,21 Now listen to the people talking. Which 'loves' and 'hates' from the list in a does each speaker refer to? Write the speaker's number next to the things they mention,
d   Listen again and answer the questions with the speaker's number.
Who,..?
likes knowing exactly when things he or she has
bought are going to arrive
once bought a large quantity of something by
mistake
has one particular item he or she often has to return
enjoys looking on shopping websites
thinks it's easier to deal with problems in real shops
e   Are there any other things you love or hate about online shopping?
4 SPEAKING
Choose three of the topics and tell a partner about them. Give as much information as you can.
Talk about a time when you...	made a mistake and bought the wrong thing online	bought a present for someone online
had to wait a long time for something to be delivered	ordered something that didn't fit and had to send it back	bought something online much more cheaply than in a shop
found that something you bought online was very different from what you were expecting		Ordered something online that never arrived
j3 Showing interest
Ask questions about what people say to show
interest and keep the conversation going, or
react to what they're saying.
Realty? Then what happened?
What was it like?    That's amazing!
Wha t did you do?  Ho w annoying!
5 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING shops and services
a   Look at the photos. Where do you think these people work? What do they sell?
b   0 p.154 Vocabulary Bank Shops and services
c   Talk to a partner. What's the difference between...?
1 a stationer's and a newsagent's
2 a dry-cleaner's and a launderette
3 an estate agent's and a travel agent's
4 'the shop's closing' and 'the shop's closing down'
d   Interview a partner with the questions below.
My local shop;*
l What kinds of shops are there near where you live? Do you use them much? If not, where do you usually do your shopping?
X What shops have opened up or closed down near you? Are you pleased or sorry about it?
3 What chain stores are there near you (H&M, Zara, etc.)? Do you shop there? How do you feel about them? Are they in competition with local shops?
4 Are there many small independent shops in your country? Do you think it's important to support them? Why (not)?
5 Do you have charity shops where you live? What kinds of things do they sell? Have you ever bought anything from one?
6 READING
a   Look at the title of the article and the photo. What do you think the article will be about?
b  Read the article once. Were you right?
c   Read the article again. Choose a, b, or c.
1 People queued outside Waterstones in Piccadilly because they wanted to_.
a take part in a Harry Potter book event b meet the author of the Harry Potter books c buy the fifth Harry Potter book
2 Waterstones was also celebrating the fact that_.
a a wizard was visiting the store b the chain was now making money c the bookshop owned by James Daunt was Closing down
3 One of the things Daunt did to transform Waterstones was to_.
a choose the books himself
b make stores smaller
c give stores more independence
4 Daunt thinks a good bookseller should a have read every book in their store
b be able to recommend suitable books to customers c be able to copy what Amazon is doing
5 Daunt feels confident about the future of bookshops because he thinks that_.
a they provide something which online booksellers cannot
b bookshops are the most important part of the
community c online shopping will not last forever
d   Look at the highlighted words and phrases from the article and their meanings. Can you remember the missing words? Find the phrases in the article and check your answers.
1 In many of the chain's 275 _across the UK
- shops belonging to the Srimc chain in differs parts of the UK
2 it was_in profit
= making money again
3 had many__customers
= customers who always go to the same shop
4 his first task was to _ _ costs
= save money in order to Increase profit
5 Waterstones more than 150,000 titles = has (books) in the shop
e  James Daunt says that 'people will always want to go to shops'. Do you agree? Why (not)?
David and Goliath, or
Waterstones versus Amazon.
■
AL 6.00 p.m. on Thursday, in Waterslones in Piccadilly, London, staff were running around with bowls of jelly beans and bottles of raspberry lemonade. Five minutes later, people of all ages slarted to come I h rough I he doors, some dressed up as characters from the books - a small girl even produced an owl cage! 'I'm reading the fifth book again at the moment', said 26-year-old Alex. This is the third event I've been lo. Last year they transformed the second floor into Diagon Alley,' In many of the chain's 275 branches across the UK, similar scenes wen? taking place. 'Our first wizards have arrived for "harrypotlerbooknight', tweeted staff at the Bradford store.
Hut Harry Potter night wasn't the only cause for celebration for staff and customers. The previous day, Waterstones had announced that it was back in profit for the first time since 20)1, under the Leadership of ils very own wizard, James Daunt. Daunt was already a successful bookseller, who had many loyal customers. He was brought in to rescue the Waterstones chain when it was about to close down.
When Daunt look over Waterstones. his first task was to cut costs. Then he had to make the stores more attractive and improve lire lighting. C of lee shops were opened inside the stores, and even is were held, such as the now-famous Harry Potter nights, or talks by authors. But the biggest change was
Queues outside I he Wjlerstones bookshop in Piccadilly.
that Daunt gave each individual store the power to choose what books to sell, and to choose the prices for different books. This made a big difference. Sales went up because shops were stocking more books that appealed to local customers
Another of his changes was training really knowledgeable staff. 'If a customer can tell me what was the last really good book they read, J know exactly what to sell them next,' Daunt says. Given that Waterstones stocks more than 150.000 titles, this is not an easy thing to do - but it is something that is helping Waterstones to differentiate itself from Amazon.
Daunt is optimistic about the future ol bookshops. People love buying books,' he said, "it's a physical pleasure that customers don't get when they shop online. If we keep creating shops that do that, it doesn't matter what goes on online. High streets and shops are part of the heart of the community. People will always want lo go to shops,'
Glossary
David and Goliath a situation in which a weaker person fights a much stronger one; from a story in which a giant, Goliath, is killed
Diagon Alley the name of a street full of shops in the Harry Potter stories
high street the main street of a
by 3 boy. David, with a small stone town where you can find shops, jelly bean j kind of small banks, and other businesses
coloured sweet
7 O VIDEO LISTENING
a Are there any markets near you? Do you ever 90 to them? Do you have a favourite stall?
b  Watch the documentary about a farmers' market- How is it different from other markets? Do you have similar markets in your country?
Read the sentences. With a partner, decide if the missing information is a word or a number.
There are now more than .
farmers' markets in Britain,
Some are held every week, some every fortnight, and some every_.
At farmers' markets, customers buy directly from the_
Food in supermarkets often spends a long time in_
warehouses,
Winchester market takes place _ _ a month.
It has more than_stalls.
AH the food there comes from the_area.
or
8 Lyburn Farmhouse Cheesemakers is a -run business.
9 They can have up to cheeses maturing at any one time. 10 Everything about Lyburn cheese is local - the employees, the
customers, and even the_.
d  Watch the documentary again and complete the information in c.
e  What food or drink is produced in the area where you live? Do you agree that it's important to buy local produce?
evise and Check
GRAMMAR
^irdeja, b, or c.
1 I emailed       the photos, a her   b she   c hers
2 What are_surnames?
a them   b theirs  c their
3 He made_.
a for me coffee  b coffee for me c coffee to me
4 My sister
a lent them to us b them lent to we c lent to us them
5 The red shoes are nice, but I prefer those_.
a blue one   b blues ones c blue ones
6 He's       man I've ever met.
a the bossiest   b the most bossy c the more bossy
7 She's      in her new job than she was before.
a much more happy b more happier c much happier
8 The flim was       than the book, a a bit better   b bit better
c a bit more better
9 _a word he says,
a I'm not believing b I don't believe c I'm not believe
10 You look worried - what_about?
a are you thinking b you are thinking c do you think Where_dinner tonight?
11
a do we have   b are we having c we have
12__our cousins next weekend.
a We're visiting   b We're visit c We visit
13 I love looking at other_family
photos.
a people's   b peoples'  c people'
14 What's the       where you were born? a village's name  b village name
c name of the village
15 We grow all_.
a my own vegetables b our own vegetables c ours own vegetables
VOCABULARY
a   Complete the sentences with an adjective from the bold word.
1 My grandmother is extremely__- glamour
2 I'm so sorry I was late - it was very_of you to wait for me,
consider
3 Martin is very _. I'd trust him to complete the job well, rely
4 She's very . She won't do anything stupid, sense
5 He's always been _
6 Their car's notreaily
7 Our hotel room was
8 Work is very .
- he loves painting, create . for a family of four, suit ... luxury
at the moment, stress
9 It's a bit_to carry so much money, risk
10 Her Russian is very _ .impress
Complete the words.
1 There are a lot of mosquitoes - where's the i_
2 The plugs in the USA are different. We're going to need an
3 I brought my toothbrush, but I don't have any t_ _.
4 it always takes me ages to p_my suitcase.
5 Angela can't go swimming. She hasn't brought her sw _.
6 You don't need to take your dr I - we won't want to hire a car in Paris.
7 A Did you bring any nail sc
8 I looked in the g_
V   B Look in my wash bag.
and found this great seafood restaurant.
Consonant sounds
c   Where can you buy these things? Write the name of the shop.
1 meat_ 5 aspirin _
2 a newspaper_ 6 a house__
3 bread 7 fish
4 flowers _ 8 potatoes _,
PRONUNCIATION
a   Practise the words and sounds. Vowel sounds
1 1 & # J
fish    tree    cat    horse   egg     right    key   snake ?ebra
b  O p.166-7 Sound Bank Say more words for each sound.
e   What sound in a do the pink letters have in these words? 1 easy   2 headphones   3 scissors  4 chemist's   5 stall
d  Underline the stressed syllable.
1 i|nijtials 3 luxurious 5 fishmonger's
2 ajffordable 4 underwear
24
CAN YOU understand this text?
a   Read the article once. Which Underground stations were named after things which were made there?
fa  Read the article again and complete it with phrases A-F. There is one phrase you do not need.
A when the Anglo-Saxons lived in Britain
B show the size of an elephant
C the fascinating history behind some
D the name means 'a river crossing'
E in the 13th century, it was an orchard and garden
F was very fashionable in the late 16th century
Q CAN YOU understand these people?
©2.24 Watch or listen end choose a, b, or c.
Tilly Tory       Claudia       Maria Diarmuid
1 Tilly's name is short for_,
a Ottilie
b Of i lie c Otifie
2 Tory_her purple and white bedroom.
a really likes
b has just changed c isn't happy with
3 When Claudia travels, she usually a packs a lot
b prefers to take hand luggage c packs well in advance
4 Maria_when she's on holiday.
a is often tired
b goes for walks in the evening c likes really quiet places
5 Diarmuid buys_online.
a everything
b everything except clothes c everyth ng exceo: lo^d
CAN YOU say this in English?
Tick [/) the box if you can do these things.
Can you...?
1 talk about a brand name that you Think works well and say why
2 say which colour clothes you usually wear, and which you would never wear and why
3 H talk about five things you always pack when you
travel, and why you need them
4 I give two advantages and two disadvantages of
shopping online
Where did these Tube station names come from?
If you travel on the London Underground, you will notice that the names of many of the stations are rather strange■ Hereis'    well-known station names.
The name with one of the oldest origins is Tooting Bee.
It goes back more than f ,300 years, to1   .Many English (owns still contain words from Old English: the suffix '-ham' (as in Birmingham) meant 'settlement', while '-ton' (as in Brighton) referred to a farm. The ending '-ing' meant 'belonging to someone', so Tooting means a place belonging to the Saxon chief Tota. Bee comes from France When the Normans invaded England in 1066, they took over a Lot of properties and gave them new names, The abbey of Bec-Hellouin in Normandy was given the land that once belonged to Tota.
Ac some point in its Long history, Covent Garden lost the Letter 'n'. Now ii is one of London's best-known tounst attractions, but3    which was owned by monks from Westminster Abbey. They called it'the garden of the Abbey and Convent', or 'Convent Garden'. King Henry VIII de s t roy ed th e mo naste ry i n the 1500 s a nd so me la rge houses were built there. It was also a fruit market from the 1650s to the 1970s.
The Elephant & Castle station in south London probably gets its name from a group of medieval craftsmen who made knives and swords. Their symbol showed an elephant carrying a castle. It is thought that the elephant referred to the ivory that they used for their knife handLes. The castle was possibly included to1   , because few Europeans at the time would have known what this animal looked Like-Like OxFord Circus, the 'circus'p;rl of Piccadilly Circus refers to a roundabout where different streets meet. The other half of its name is centuries old. A 'piccadill' is a Large collar that SB - of te n worn by Gu een ELuiabeth I, fo r example. One London taiLor. Robert Baker, made a fortune seLLingpiccadillsand built a Large house called Piccadilly HaLlintheareain 1611. When the roundabout wa s bu itt in 18(9, it was named Piccadilly Circus, and the same name was given to the Underground station when it opened in 1906.
Glossary
sword a weapon with a long metal blade and a handle
ivory a hard material like bone that forms the tusfcsof elephanu
collar ihQ part around the neck of a shirt, dress, etc.
3Ai
Grow up!
I used to have What were     long hair, and you like as a    I played in a teenager?     rock group.
Gjpast simple, past continuous, or usecf to?| V stages of life | P -ed endings, sentence rhythm
1 VOCABULARY stages of life
a   Match the phrases and photos.
He's/She's...
a baby
a toddler 'null.i
a child tjaild/
a pre-teen pri; 'ti:n/
a teenager ii:ncitl>->
in his / her early twenties (- 20-23)
in his / her mid-thirties (= 34-36)
in his / her late forties (= 47-49)
retired n'taiod/
£) middle-aged, old, elderly
The word middh-aged means different things to different people, but usually refers to a person in their forties or fifties.
old and elderly mean the same thing, but elderly is more polite. It is not considered polite to call a person old, especially to their face.
b  0>3.1 Listen and check.
c   Which stage of life do you associate with...?
being forgetful being cheeky ijiiki.' being moody being naughty 'narti crying a lot getting a mortgage going clubbing having tantrums 'tajnlmm// listening to pop music playing games settling down watching cartoons wearing jeans
I think being forgetful is typical of elderly people^
f*f think it can be any age. I'm fbrgetfuf, too J
Think of people you know who are in three of the different stages of life in a. Tell your partner about them.
^My sister Ana is in her mid-thirties. She's married and has a six-month old baby. She used to work as a nurse, , but now she's at home looking after her son.
f
26
2 READING
a   Look at the cartoon and read the information box. At what age do you think someone becomes 'a grown-up'?
j£j grow up
grow up means to become an adult. A grown-up is used, often by children, as an informal word for an adult. Grown-up can also be used as an adjective.
Read the first paragraph of an article about being grown-up. Answer the questions with a partner.
1 How long is the period of 'emerging adulthood'?
2 What are the characteristics of this stage of life?
3 According to the article, what do owning a vacuum cleaner and having a mortgage have in common?
O Communication A real grown-up? A p.107 B p.111 Read and tell your partner about Carol or Hugo.
What do you think are the three things that most show that you are {or aren't) a grown-up? Have you grown up yet?
3 LISTENING
a   What kinds of things do you think teenagers are better at than adults?
b    ;)3.2 Listen to Part 1 of a local radio news report and answer the questions.
f What is the Mosquito Tone and who can hear it?
2 Were both the presenters able to hear it?
3 Were you able to hear it? If yes, how did it make you feei?
c  ©3.3 Listen to Part 2 of the news report. Where is the Mosquito Tone being used? Why? is everybody in favour of it?
d   Listen to Part 2 again. What does the interviewee say about these things?
1 how teenage gangs behave in shopping centres
2 what shop owners say about the Mosquito Tone
3 why some people think the Mosquito Tone is unfair to teenagers
4 why the Mosquito Tone doesn't stop the problem
5 how some teenagers are taking advantage of the Mosquito Tone
e   If you were a shop owner, would you use the Mosquito Tone? Why (not)?
So you think you're a grown-up? Think again.
Arc you 29 or older?
TllL'l) VI Hl'iv iillll Klik' LI 11
iuiuli. Well done, lna research st id}1,29 was the age .il which most [x*ople
thought they finally frit like ;i projier g ruwn-up. 11m you're fl legal udull when you're 18. so that's about 11 years to live through what psychologists tail emerging
ilUlllllUHHJ". lf.il is, Mil
stage wJkii you don't yet have ehiklreii.dutii live in yimr own house, and ilim'l earn enough money tu lie iiriLiin Lilly j[itli'|K'3x9i'n[. Sonic pcn|)le say that buying
your first house or having, your i i nil cli ill I represent real adulthood, as these mean you are a responsible person. A Tew years ago, a bank did a survey to find out the top tilings that prwed you were a grown-up. Number one was having a mortgage and number two was no longer relying on ypur parents for money. Other things nu [tided Iuviiili a pension pf;ul, diimga weekly food shop.and getting married. A iess obvious sign was owning a vacuum cleaner! So when do you become a real grown-up? We asked two journalists...
SPEAKING
a   Read the questions and answer for you. Then compare in groups. Did you do the things early or Lite?
At what age did you...?
start nursery school
learn to swim or ride a bicycle
find out that Father Christmas wasn't real
get your first mobile phone
start going out in the evening with friends
use public transport on your own
get paid for doing some work _
T3
I
b  Now discuss the following questions in groups.
What do you think is the best age for...?
first going on holiday without your parents starting to learn a musical instrument
* starting to use social media starting to save money
* moving out of your parents' home having your first baby
* retiring
27
5 GRAMMAR past simple, past continuous, or used to?
a   What were you like as a child? Choose two adjectives from the list, and add one of your own. Compare with a partner.
accident-prone   clever  lazy   lonely   naughty nervous noisy   quiet  serious   shy   sociable well-behaved
b   Read the posts on an online forum. Who...?
1 knew how to do something grown-up at an early age
2 has a job that started as a childhood hobby
3 created problems for his or her mother
4 remembers being very frightened by an animal
What kind of child were you...and have you changed?
David, 47 I loved being an only child. I was never lonely; I enjoyed spending time on my own, doing what I warned, when I wanted. 11 was liking I used to like reading, going for walks and bike rides in Ihe countryside, and bird watering. I also collected insects and 11 used to keep I kept them in the garden to feam how they grew and behaved. Now I am a professional biologist so I slill enjoy those things! I'm still very happy spending time on my own, but I enjoy Ihe company of others much more now.
Magda, 22 I was quite sociable as a child and I really enjoyed playing with my friends. But I used to be a bit shy about meeting new people and also quite afraid of some things. Once when I was little, I remember we went for a walk, and 13 was holding I held an ice cream and a big black dog ran over and bit Ihe whole top off. As a result I didn'1 like dogs or going (or walks for many years. 'Dog ate my ice cream1 has become a bit of a family joke. After 1* started I was starting university, I became much more confident. Now I still enjoy spending time with friends, but I like spending time on my own, too. I also love dogs. So maybe I've changed a lot!
■™y, Alex, 59 I am one of live brothers and sisters - J'm the second youngest. 15 was havingIused to have tantrums as a two-year-m     .    old, but I was very independent. When I was three, my mum
6 went I used to go into hospital to have my younger brother, and I was ihe only one in the house who knew how to turn ihe washing machine on. Actually, I haven't changed much. I'm almost 60 now - I've been strongly independent all my life and I even have Ihe occasional tantrum.
Stoi>hcn, 23 \ 'used to be was iuw,tys very messy when I was younger. I used to throw my clolhes around everywhere, and Mum never knew which was clean and which was dirty washing. However, now that I'm older. I'm very tidy - mess really stresses me out! Also, I * always hated I was always hating going to school, but now I'm doing a postgraduate course at university. But in some ways, I haven't changed at all. I was quite a thoughtful, sensitive person when I was young, and I'm the same now.
c With a partner, (£i reject he correct form of the highlighted verbs, or tick {■/) if both forms are possible.
d   © p.136 Grammar Bank 3A
e Think about your answers in a. Have you changed much? Then write a short post like the ones on the forum about you. Use the correct verb forms.
Ó PRONUNCIATION
sentence rhythm
-ed endings,
Listen to the three different pronunciations of the -ed ending. Listen again and repeat.
1 #	1 used to be shy. 1 liked reading.
2m	I've changed a lot. 1 enjoyed playing with my friends.
3 /id/	1 started university. 1 collected insects.
b  ©3.7 Listen to some more regular past simple verbs. How is the -ed ending pronounced? Tick {■/) the correct box.
It/    lál l\dl
1 I hated eating vegetables,
2 We looked alike.
3 I tried everything.
4 We lived abroad.
5 I hoped to pass.
6 We decided to move.
c   Practise saying the sentences in b.
Past or present?
When the -ed ending is pronounced I or I, it can often be difficult to hear whether a regular verb is in the past or present tense, This is especially true when the next word begins with a tor d and the two words are linked, e,g, /hoped to pass. Use the context to help you.
d  ©3.6 Listen and write six sentences. Are the verbs in the present or past?
e   ©3.9 Listen and repeat the questions and sentences below. Copy the rhythm. What kinds of words are stressed or unstressed?
1 A Where did you five when you were a child?
B We lived in a village in the country.
2 I used to love playing football when I was at primary school.
3 This happened when I was ten. I was ■,■,:!■ ■:■■/parents ,;.r-.;i ■,-,■(? we i shopping
SPEAKING
With a partner, do the tasks in each section. Try to use good sentence rhythm.
EVENTS IN YOUR LIFE
Ask and answer past simple questions.
1 Where Where
2 How old
you What"
3 When Where
you born? (be)
you when you a child? (live, be)
you when you primary school? (be, start)
your first day? (enjoy) you ? (do]
the first time you abroad? (be, travel)
you ?igo) e were you born?^ (^J was born in a small town called Moreila.
WHEN YOU WERE YOUNGER
Talk about the things fn the list. Use the correct form of used to. How are you different now?
• a toy you used to play with a lot
• a game or sport you used to enjoy
• what you used to look like and how you used to dress
• school subjects you used to love / hate
« a singer / group you used to listen to a lot
• something you used to be afraid of
had 3 teddy bear when I was small and I used to take him everywhere.
AN INCIDENT IN YOUR CHILDHOOD
Choose one of the topics beiow. Think about how old you were, what you were doing at the time, and what happened- Then tell your partner about the incident.
Think about a time when...
• you hurt yourself quite badly.
• your parents caught you being very naughty.
• you got lost.
• you had a scary experience.
• you had a disappointing birthday.
• you had a problem at school.
• you had a really big argument with your parents.
j This happened when I was about seven. I was playing with my friends I and we were climbing trees...
r,
Photo albums
G prepositions I v photography I P word stress
it's my sister,
standing In Who 5     ,    . ,3 i    .  ,     front ot our this photo
Of?
house.
VOCABULARY photography
a   Look at the photo in the article. In which city do you think it was taken?
b   Read the article quickly and check your answer to a. Why are selfies becoming a problem?
The dangerous art of the selfie
Jane Wakefield
A lot of people have died this year while 1 making I taking selfies. In Moscow, a university graduate died after trying to take a selfie while he was hanging from a bridge. In Australia, a very fragile and unstable rock that looks like a wedding cake was closed to the public because too many people were climbing it to take wedding photos of themselves. And in Colorado, USA, officials had to close a park after several people were caught getting a little too close to the wildlife, 'We've seen people using selfie sticks to3 do t take a photo of themselves with the bears3 in the foreground I in the background. Sometimes they get as close as three metres,' said recreation manager Brandon Ransom. So why are some people willing to risk their life to take the ultimate selfie? Lee Thompson's selfie ion top of/in front of the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro went viral. 'People see how pictures like mine spread across the world, and they see a way to make themselves famous for 15 minutes,' he said
Lee Thompson
c   Read the article again and;<circle-the correct highlighted word or phrase.
d   O pi 55 Vocabulary Bank Photography
e   Have you ever taken a dangerous selfie? Do you have any photos of yourself in front of a famous monument?
2 PRONUNCIATION word stress
a   ($3.12 Underline the stress in words 1-7. Listen and check. Practise saying the words.
1 phoito
2 photograph
3 pho to gra.pher
4 pho to gra phy
5 pho to gra phic
6 photogenic
7 photo shop
b  Now underline the stressed syllable in the bold words.
1 There's a tree In the back ground.
2 In the fore ground, there's a girl,
3 You can see a house in the distance.
4 There's a man be hind her.
5 In the bo ttom right-hand cor ner, there's a dog.
c   ©3.13 Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences.
d  0 Communication Spot the differences A p.107 B p.112 Describe the picture and find the differences.
3 LISTENING
a   In pairs, think about the last photo that you took. Where were you? What was the photo of? Did you use a camera or your phone?
b  Read about Darja Bilyk and look at some photos from her website. Which one,..?
1 7
3
4
5
is a portrait is a landscape
uses light in an interesting way is taken from an unusual angle is a still life
Which photo do you like best?
30
®3-14 Listen to Darja giving some tips about how to take good photos with your phone. Number the tips 1-10 in the order she gives them.
Don't think twice.
Don't stick to one style.
Don't use zoom.
Light is important.
Learn about your phone camera.
Be ready.
Make your pictures come alive,
Select and edit.
Use the grid.
Choose unique angles.
Listen again. Complete some details from each tip.
1 Keep your phone in
mode, so it's
ready when you unlock it.
2 You can always a picture if you don't like it.
3 Know the_and_
of your phone camera.
4 If you want to take a , move nearer.
5 You can improve a boring photo if you use _well.
6 It's also Important to be able to take photos _using the grid.
7 Try taking a photo from a _ view.
8 Learn to develop your unique_,
9 Use to help you to edit your photos, 10 Print your photos, don't just (ook at your photos
on a_.
e  Are there any of Darja's tips that you might use next time you take a photo?
4 SPEAKING & WRITING
a   Talk to a partner,
1 What do you normally take photos with? Does it take good photos? Do you ever use special features like panoramic photos or slo-mo videos?
2 Do you prefer taking photos of scenery or portraits o( people? What else do you lake photos of?
3 Do you think you're good at taking photos? Why (not)?
4 Do you usually edit your photos? How?
5 Do you post photos on social media sites? Which ones? What kinds of photos? How do you feel if other people post photos of you?
6 Do you like being photographed? Why (not)?
b  © p.117 Writing An article Write an article with tips on how to do something.
GRAMMAR prepositions
a   Read the description of a photo. With a partner, complete the gaps with a preposition from the list.
at (x2)   in   of (x2)   over   next to to
_
		
	^-	
I took this photograph when we were flying 1
the Great Wall of China -1 was going back 1_
the USA after a holiday in Beijing. I was sitting
_. the window, so I had a great view. I'm not usually very good 4 taking photographs,
but I'm quite proud s_ this one. It was a
long (light, and by the time we finally arrived home Washington. DC, I was exhausted. But
when 1 look 7_this photograph, il reminds
me3 the fantastic trip 1 had to China,
b   33.15 Listen and check-
c   © p.137 Grammar Bank 3B
d   Complete 1-10 with a preposition. Then choose four topics and tell your partner about them.
1 a photo you took that you are very proud
2 someone in your family who you really like talking
3 something you're really looking forward at the moment
4 something your country is famous_
5 a person who you sometimes argue
6 a beautiful sight that you once flew
7 what you have_the walls of your bedroom
8 someone you could rely_in a crisis
9 something you usually ask when you eat out
10 somewhere you had to walk_a large
number of Steps
1 A photo that I'm very proud of is one I took
iast summer-..
LISTENING & SPEAKING
a   ffi3.19 You're going to listen to Chris, Tom, and Kate talking about a holiday photo they really like. Look at the photos. Then listen and match them to speakers 1-3. Were all the photos taken by the speakers?
b  Listen again. Take notes about each person's answers to questions 1-5,
1 Where was the photo taken? Who took It?
2 Who were you with?
3 What was happening, or had just happened?
4 Why do you like the photo?
5 Where do you keep the photo?
c   Think of an interesting photo you took on holiday-Tell a partner about it. Include your answers to 1-5,
d   Show your partner some photos on your phone and tell him or her about them.
7 READING
a   Look at the list below. How do you usually store the photos you've taken?
* on your phone, tablet, etc.
* on the internet, e.g. in iCIoud or Dropbox
* on a separate hard drive or CD-ROM
* on an online photo site
* on paper / in an album / on the wall
b   Read the article about storing digital photos and complete 1-5 with a headinc from the list. There is one heading you do not need.
A Safe in the cloud?
B Digital cameras vary
C Digital files can deteriorate
D Photo sites come and go
E Technology becomes obsolete
f Hard drives don't last forever
Read the article again. Match the storage method to the problem it has.
1 .jpg files
2 hard drives
3 CD-ROMs and flash drives
4 CD-ROM drives
5 iCIoud or Dropbox
6 photo sites
a only last for about five years b only last for 10 to 20 years c are damaged when they're
copied d can close down e may not exist in the future f can be damaged by storms
Match the bold verbs or phrases from the article to their meaning.
1 to store photos 1,08
2 to back up photos J.13
3 to go offline 1.26
4 to upload a photo (.29
5 to cancel your account 1.36
a to disconnect from the internet b to transfer to another
computer c to no longer continue d to make a copy e to keep or preserve
After reading the article, will you do anything differently to protect your photos?
How safe are your
In the past, your grandmother probably kept her photos in a box, or in an old album, and sadly, over time, these memories faded or disappeared. But with today's technology, that shouldn't he a problem. A digital photo lasts forever, right? Actually, think again. OS Although it is still a good idea to keep alt of your photos as digital computer files, there are plenty of things that can damage or even destroy those high-tech memories.
Very few people realize this can happen, but if you store your photos as .jpgs [the must common file format), the file will actually io deteriorate every time you copy and edit it. Experts disagree about how much damage this can do, but the damage is real.
diqita
Your files may be safe on your hard drive, but how long until your hard drive dies? The average lasts just five years. Vou could back up your photos on a CD-ROM or flash drive, but they don't last forever either 15 - about 10-20 years at most, experts say.
Let's say afl goes well and your CD-ROM or flash drive full of photos lasts for 20 years. By then, will there still be any CD-ROM drives in the world that can read the disc? Will you be able to insert your flash drive into a modern computer? Today's high-tech storage solution is ?o tomorrow's useless floppy disk.
People talk about saving their photos in a magical place on the internet, like Apple's rC loud, or Dropbox. But this just means they are in a company's data centre on - guess what? - lots of hard drives, which could die or corrupt just as easily as your own. During 2S a thunderstorm, a cloud storage centre in the USA was hit, and major sites like Netflix, Pinterest, and Instagram went offline for almost a whole day. Thousands of files were lost.
Websites like Flickr and Instagram let you quickly upload photos and share them with others. But bear
3a in mind that a photo site which is popular now could one day go out of business, taking your photos with it. What's more, if you upload photos to these sites, there is someone other than you who controls your access. While it is generally not in their interest
A to stop you accessing your files, they can and sometimes do. They can even cancel your account.
So what should you do? Experts say you should make lots of copies of your photos and save them in many different ways- on your computer, on 40 a back-up drive, online, and even as traditional printed photos. It may be too Sate to save Grandma's photos, but you can still save yours.
Glossary
floppy disk a flexible disk covered m hard plastic, which used to be used for storing computet data
2
Practical English All kinds of problems
renting a car
O HENRY'S CAR
03.20 Watch or listen to Jenny and Henry. Where does Henry want to take her? Why can't he? How is Jenny going to get there?
Watch or listen again and:jcircle)the correct answer,
1 Jenny's suitcase stiff hasn't been found / has been found.
2 Henry thinks Jenny will like Luke I won't understand Luke..
3 Henry's car has a flat tyre /has two flat tyres.
4 He thinks the car was damaged by neighbours / vandals,
5 Jenny doesn't know / knows Luke's address.
6 Jenny had previously decided to travel by public transport I rent a car.
7 She offers to make dinner for Henry / take Henry out to dinn&f.
8 Jenny wafts / doesn't wait while Luke looks at her laptop. Glossary
a ipare (tyre) hi pea taw an ext<a Lyre in a car ths AA a breakdown service in the UK
JD British and American English rents car= American English rent a car OR hire a car = British English
Who do you think vandalized Henry's car?
Who is the man who arrives at Henry's house as Jenny leaves?
2 Q RENTING A CAR
a  ©3.21 Watch or listen to Jenny renting a car. Answer the questions.
1 How long does Jenny rent a car for?
2 Which car does the assistant recommend?
3 Where does she want to leave the car?
What do you think is significant about the news on the TV? Do you think Jenny noticed it?
b   Watch or listen again. Complete the You hear phrases in the conversation on p,3S.
c  ©3.22 Watch or listen and repeat some of the You say phrases. Copy the rhythm and intonation.
d  Practise the conversation in b with a partner.
e       In pairs, role-play the conversation.
A You're a visitor to the UK who wants to rent a car for a week. Talk to the assistant and choose the car you want. Use the Useful language box to helpyou.
B You're the assistant at a car renta! company. Help A choose a car and get all of A's details. Use the Useful language box to help you.
f   Swap roles.
£) Useful language; describing cars Kinds of drive: automatic or manual Car types: economy (smalJ cars) compact [smaŕí, but larger than economy) ramify (medium size) luxury {large cars, 4x4s, sports cars) convertibles (open-top cars) people carriers [for more than five people] Extras: air conditioning, sa t nav
You hear	You say
Hello, Can 1 help you?	Oh, hi. I'd like to rent a car, please.
Have you ' from us before?	
OK, could 12 your driving licence, please? Great, So what 3               of car are you looking for?	Oh, nothing too big, it's just for me.
OK, so a compact. * -door?	Yeah, that'll be fine.
For how long?	Nine days.
Automatic or ?	An automatic, please.
Any additional * ?	No, just me.
Great. Weil, we have several7 1 can show you, but I'd recommend the Vauxhall Crvsa. It's »f per day and that includes insurance,	That sounds promising. Can 1 take a look?
Of course, but first I'd like to run through some of the basics. The *               tank is full when you start, so if you return it with a full tank, there's no extra	Great.
But if you get any "               tickets or Speeding fines, you have to pay for them yourself.	Fair enough! Would it be possible to leave the car at the airport?
No problem, but that's a one-way rental, so there's an additional charge of 12 f _	OK.
And one last thing - have you driven in 11 before?	Yes, 1 have. 5o driving on the left's not a problem.
That's good. OK, let's go out and take a look at the car. We can go through the paperwork afterwards,	Great.
3 O WHERE IS HENRY?
a   ®3.23 Watch or listen to Jenny's afternoon and evening. What has happened to a) her laptop, b) her suitcase? What does she hear on the news?
b  Watch or listen again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Henry Is in his s(udy when Jenny comes back.
2 Jenny reminds Henry about the dinner.
3 She isn't surprised by Luke's news about her computer.
4 Luke thinks that Henry has probably gone to the university to work.
5 Henry is always late for everything,
6 Jenny is feeling tired because of jet lag.
7 When she wakes up. Henry is back.
8 She phones Rob to say goodnight.
Who do you think was responsible for what happened on the news? What do you think has happened to Henry?
c   Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?
9 Social English
1 Henry I'm I can't take your call at the moment.
2 Henry Please leave your message after the_.
3 Luke Hi, Jenny. What's_?
4 jenny _on...my suitcase has arrived!
5 Jenny Well, at_It's back,
6 Jenny I'm_tired.
7 Jenny Thanks, Luke. See you_.
d  ®3-24 Watch or listen and complete the phrases. Then watch or listen again and repeat.
e   Complete conversations A-F with Social English phrases 1-7. Then practise them with a partner.
A     Mark, do you think you could come over? I've got a problem.	Sure.    You sound a bit stressed.
B       Would you like to go out to dinner?	To be honest,    Could we just get a takeaway?
C  So shall 1 book tickets for the 7th?	- I'll just check in my diary,
D            Hi. You've reached Jack Carling's phone.	Hi Jack, it's Sarah. Can you give me a ring as soon as possible?
E       What time will you be back?	In a couple of hours.
F        What an awful day! It hasn't stopped raining.	Yes. But    we didn't have to go anywhere.
CAN YOU...?
describe a car record a voicemai! greeting
rent a car and leave a message
35
Don't throw it away!
No, I'll have Are you going
^ *i» „   * it for dinner,
to throw away
G future forms; will t shall and be gorng [o I V rubbish and recycling IP :n <iiid u
that pasta? I
1 VOCABULARY rubbish and recycling
a   How often do you or your family throw away food? What kinds of things? How do you feel about it?
b   Read the infographic. Then match the highlighted words and phrases to the definitions below.
Over 1/3
of all food produced globally goesfo waste.
There are nearly one billion hungry people in the world. They could be fed on
less than **•*::.   a quarter
*********      of the food that is
wasted In the USA,
*************   UK. end Europe. **•**«•*•***«•
Surplus food in supermarkets is
less than 2%
of total food
waste (though ln mostdev6ioped the supermarket countries business is directly u i*
responsible for    over hair
much food waste    of all food waste in the supply      takes place in the chain). home.
25%
of the world's fresh water supply
Is used to grow food that is never eaten,
There will be 2.3 billion more people on the planet by 2050-this will require a
60-70%
increase in global fooa production, Or we can just stop throwing away our food!
i
?
3
4
food that is no longer needed and is thrown away is thrown away
the amount of sth that is available to be used the process from when sth is first made to when it is bought or used
an amount that is extra or more than you need
c   With a partner, discuss which facts a) didn't surprise you, b) surprised you a lot, c) you think are really shocking.
d  O p-156 Vocabulary Bank Rubbish and recycling
2 PRONUNCIATION k\v! and /ei/
a   Look at the sound pictures. What are the words and sounds? Write the words from the list in the correct column,
away   date   reapply   recycle replay require  sell-by   site   supply  tray waste
	
	tm
	
	
b  ®4.5 Listen and check. Practise saying the words.
c   Complete the rules with the phonetic symbols fai/ or fcii.
/Hi; and /cil
ay is always pronounced_.
a + consonant + e is usually
pronounced_.
f + consonant + s is usually
pronounced_.
Consonant + final -y in a stressed syllable is usually pronounced_,
d   Look at more words containing the sounds laiJ or >ci/ which have irregular spellings. How do you pronounce them?
break   buy   climate   eyes flight
guy   height  neighbour  straight survey
weight wi-fi
e   ®4.6 Listen and check, Practise saying the words.
3 LISTENING
a   Read Part 1 of an interview with Tessa Cook, co-founder of OLIO, an app to help reduce food waste, With a partner, try to predict the missing words.
sa Cook
Can you explain what OLIO is, exactly?
So, OLIO is a free app which connects
1 n_ _ with each other and
with local 2b_ _ so that
surplus food can be shared and not thrown away.
What kinds of food7 It could be food that's near its
3s_-_d_
in local shops, or home-grown vegetables that you're not going to eat, or bread from your
4 b_ „. that has n11 been sold
at the end of the day, or the food th a t's i n yours f_        _ when you're about to go away. Any food that people have that they're not going to use.
Dtliiwirt titibagp Hul I'm noi oq,„q to be jb:r ic,      w<iuld luif For it
ti  Q a a
And how does the app work?
It's super easy! If you have some food that you want
to*sh_ , you simply open the app, add
a ' ph _ and a description, and say when and
where the food can be collected from. And if you're looking for some food, you just put in your postcode and send a ;T> _ to the person who's offering the food you
want, and then you arrange a time to go and collect it.
b 04 J Listen to Part 1 and check your answers to a.
c   ® 4-.fi Now listen to Part 2 and answer the questions,
1 why has Tessa always been worried about food waste?
2 What circumstances inspired her to come up with the idea for the app?
3 How did her friend Saasba react when Tessa told her about the idea?
d 04.9 Finally, listen to Part 3. Why does Tessa mention the following?
f700 worth of food one in three people 12 people two weeks half a bag of onions   9th July 2015   41 countries   within an hour
e   Do you think the app is a good idea? Would you use it? Why (not}?
SPEAKING
a   Read the questions and think about your answers.
b   Discuss the questions in groups of three or four.
What three things could you and your family do in order to throw away less food?
Do you ever eat anything that's past its sell-by date? Why (not)? Has anything ever happened?
^jp Do you ever buy special food offers of the type 'Buy one, get one free'? Do you usually finish both?
^0 Do you ever lake leftover rood home from a restaurant?
What do you think restaurants or supermarkets in your town should do with unused food? Do you know if any of them ever do it?
How would your neighbours react if you offered (hem leftover food? Why?
fjr What kinds of food do you think have too much packaging? When do you think packaging is really necessary?
5 GRAMMAR future forms: wi// / sha// and be going to
a   Complete the conversations with will I shaft or be going to and the correct form of the verb.
1 A B
2 A B
3 A B
4 A
B
5 A B
b  ©4.10 Listen and check. Practise the conversations with a partner.
c   O P-133 Grammar Bank 4A
d  Talk to a partner. Practise making plans and predictions. Choose topics from the lists.
Talk about a plan you have,..
■ to waste less food.
• to improve your diet.
• to spend less money.
• for learning a new skill.
• for this evening or weekend.
Make a prediction about..,
• the environment {e.g. pollution, climate change).
• a sporting event.
• a TV drama series you are watching.
• someone in your family [his / her life, plans).
• something in the recent news.
I'm going to plan my meats ior the 1
week and only buy what I need        QWhat a good idea!
£) Responding to plans and predictions Plans
I'm going to... What a good idea!
How nice!
Are you? So am !.
Predictions
I don't think... wilt / is going to... I think thereof be.,, (think so, too. I hope So.
I don't think so, either.   I hope not
READING & SPEAKING
a What kinds of things do you recycle? Do you ever feel guilty about not recycling enough? Why (not)?
b   How much do you know about recycling? Do the quiz on p.39 with a partner.
c   Now read the article about recycling and check your answers to b. How many did you get right?
d  Read the article again. Match each paragraph to the summary of what it's about,
A      It's time to change our shopping habils. B      One country has stopped importing and
recycling plastic waste because it isn't of a
good enough quality. C      People are starling to understand that plastic
is a major problem. D H People don't really know what can be
recycled.
E      Some containers have parts which cannot be recycled.
F ■ The food industry doesn't provide the right information dearly.
e  What do you think is the main message of the article? Choose a, b, or c.
a We don't recycle enough of our waste and need
to make more of an effort, b We put out our waste to be recycled, but
sometimes we are making matters worse, c We need local authorities to do more to help us
to recycle correctly.
f   Complete the second word in these compound nouns from the article.
1 water b_.
2 recycling b_
3 ready-meal tr_
4 wrapping p__
5 babyf_
6 pasta s_
g  Have you noticed any of the problems mentioned in the article?
h   Talk to s partner. Do you think that the
following will happen in the future? Why (not)?
• all food will be produced without plastic packaging
• supermarkets will stop selling all types of plastic bags to their customers at the checkout
• food producers will improve the labelling on their packaging
• people in your country will recycle 75% of their waste
Could you take the rubbish out? It's beginning to smell.
I_it as soon as this programme
finishes, (do)
_you_ _that pasta? You've
hardly eaten any. (finish)
I can't, I'm just not hungry. But don't throw it away.
I_it for lunch tomorrow, (have)
Don't put bottles In the black bin, You need to put them in the recycling bin.
Sorry, I forgot. I_it again, (not do}
This lasagne's been In the fridge for three days.
_I_it away? (throw)
No, don't waste it. Put it in the freezer.
I'm a bit worried about this yogurt. The sell-by date
was yesterday.
Don't worry, it_fine, (be)
38
Why your recycling itJrTm working
Do you know what can be recycled - and what can't?
Try our quiz.
I Which part of this water bottle can be recycled, the cap or the bottle?
2 Which of these two plastic trays can be recycled, the white one or the black one?
Which of these two kinds of wrapping paper can be recycled, the glittery one or the red and brown one?
4 Which of these two containers of pasta sauce can be recycled, the glass jar or the plastic pouch?
i which of these two toothpaste containers can be recycled, the plastic pump-action bottle or the tube?
<i What does the number'4" in this symbol tell you?
i jprt
o
i ince its invention some 100 years ago, plastic has become an integral part of our daily lives.' said naturalist David Attenborough 'in the final episode of the highly praised BBC series Blue Planer II. 'But every year, some eight million tons of it ends up in the ocean...and there it can be lethal.' Slowly, it seems, we may al last be waking up to the fact that something that makes our lives easier in the short term has consequences that can last thousands of years,
One of our main convenience items is plastic water bottles. They are a major contributor to waste in the UK. and we use ten million of them a day. Although the bottles themselves can be recycled, the caps cannot. The problem doesn't stop with plastic bottles. According to new research, almost a fifth of the waste that people put into recycling bins cannot, in fact, be recycled. The reason for this is that the packaging is often made up of several components, many of which are not recyclable.
People often believe that something is recyclable when it's not, Take, for example, that black plastic ready-meal tray that you normally put with your bottles and newspapers, or your glittery Christmas wrapping paper - these cannot be recycled, though white trays and plain wrapping paper can be. Plastic pouches, such as the ones used for baby food or pasta sauce, can't be recycled, so its better to buy them in glass jars, which can be. Toothpaste tubes also can't be recycled, but the pump-action bottles can be.
Unclear labelling is often to blame. Recycling information on packaging varies dramatically. Sainsbury's supermarket, for example, labels on its own-brand packaging exactly which parts can and cannot, be recycled. Some manufacturers, on the other hand, include no information. Even the recycling symbol itself is confusing, because people don't know what the numbers mean. A1 or 2 means that a product can be widely recycled, 3 indicates PVC, which is not widely recycled. 4 is polyethylene, and
5 is polypropylene, both of which can only be recycled in some centres.
6 and 7 are not widely accepted for recycling.
Last year, more than half of the plastic waste that the UK exported for recycling was sent to China. China has now banned imports of 'foreign garbage', because it is receiving too much poor-quality plastic, contaminated with non-recyclable items. It's a worrying prospect. There are fears that it might not be possible to find alternative destinations for all our recyclable waste. As a result, plastic may end up being burnt, or put in landfill, or more will end up in the sea.
Perhaps we should stop assuming that everything that looks recyclable actually is. Instead, we need to start buying products that come In packaging that we are sure can be recycled, or better still, we should try to avoid packaging altogether.
Adopted from The Times
I
Put it on your CV
first and second i
V study and work IP word stress
Because if I get
Why do you
want to go to he able 10 earn
university?     more money.
I VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
study and work; word stress
a   Write four words from the list in each circle.
A levels campus classroom CV degree experience graduate {noun) head teacher professor  pupil   qualifications reference
school A levels
university
applying for a job
b O p.157 Vocabulary Bank Study and work
c   Underline the stressed syllable in these words.
attend   dissertation PhD postgraduate   prolfejssor   qua li.fi cations reference  residence scholarship seminar  tutorial undergraduate va can cy
d   ©4.15 Listen and check. Practise saying the words.
e   Work in pairs. What is the difference between,,.?
t an undergraduate and a postgraduate
2 a Master's degree and a PhD
3 a campus and a hall of residence
4 a professor and a tutor
5 a seminar and a webinar
6 a tutorial and a lecture
7 qualifications and skills
8 a CV and a covering letter / email
SPEAKING
Discuss the statements in small groups. Do you agree?
• You should choose a university subject you enjoy, not one which you think may get you a good job.
• People shouldn't have to pay to 90 to university.
• You will have a better experience if you don't go to university in your home town.
• It's not very useful to study for an arts degree because you will never get a well-paid job.
• Students shouldn't get part-time jobs while they are at university.
• For most young people, an apprenticeship is a better option than going to university.
Agreeing / Disagreeing and giving opinions I completely agree / disagree        Maybe that's true, with that. Personally, 1 think..
I don't agree with that at all. I'd say that..
I think that's true because...
LISTENING
a   Would you ever consider doing a job for no pay? Why (not]?
b   Read the article from a students' website about
internships. Why are some internships paid and some not? Are internships a good or a bad thing, according to the article?
ft
©4.16 Listen to the first part of a radio programme, where Jake Butler of savethestudent.org talks about internships, (^deyt he correct answer.
1 The situation for interns is better / worse than m the past.
2 It is sometimes legal i illegal not to pay interns.
3 The law says that interns who have been promised jobs in the future don't hsve to t have to be paid.
4 A company doesn't have to / must pay interns who are substituting for paid employees,
5 School-age students doing work experience have to / don't have to be paid.
6 If an intern is not being paid, he or she should have fixed working hours / choose his or her own hours.
Glossary
National Minimum Wage (hp
lowest wage that an employer is Sllgwed t* pay by law
National Living Wage ihe lowest wage that arc employer is allowed to pay by law if a worker is Over 25
40
ífíy]      FINANCE    BANKING    MAKE MONEY    SAVE MONET
The ultimate guide to
internships
Thinking about applying for an internship? Make sure you know the facts before you get started.
An internship is generally somewhere in the middle between work experience and an apprenticeship.
It can be more like work experience if it involves shadowing other members of staff having the opportunity tq ask a tot of questions, and learning about the company and industry. This kind of internship is often unpaid. Other internships can be mote similar to an apprenticeship, if you're being trained within a particular department, are contributing to the company by producing work, and are getting paid (at least a littlel.
Either way an internship can be a great opportunity for a $tudent or graduate, Or someone who wants to change their career. Benefits incLude having the chance to try out a job without committing to it. making connections, and having something to put on your CV. A couple of years ago. a report revealed that almost half of employers said they wouldn't consider candidates who didn't have work experience, regardless of their university qualifications.
d  ©4.1 7 Listen to the second part of the programme, where two women talk about their experiences of internships. What was each of them paid, if anything?
e   Listen again and make notes for each woman about:
1 the kind of work they did.
2 the good side of internships.
3 the bad side.
f   Discuss the questions.
1 Do you think unpaid internships are fair? Why (not)?
2 Do the following things exist in your country? » work experience while you are still at school ■ apprenticeships
• internships
Have you ever done any of these things? Do you know anyone who has had a good or bad experience of them?
3 If you had the chance to do an Internship In any Industry, which industry would you choose?
GRAMMAR first and second conditionals
a   ©4.18 Listen to the ends of two job interviews. Complete the conditional sentences. Who do you think is going to get the job?
1 lfwe_ _you the job, when _      _you_ _to start?
2 lfwe_      _ you the job, you _ _ a lot of training,
b © p.139 Grammar Bank 4B
c   ©4.21 Listen and write five "first conditional sentences giving advice to people looking for work. Do you agree?
d   Imagine you were in these situations. What would you do? Use a second conditional sentence and say why.
1 You are offered a great job abroad.
2 Your partner is offered a job abroad, but you don't want to move.
3 You have to choose between a well-paid but boring job and a very interesting but badly-paid job.
4 You are offered a good job while you are still studying.
5 You have to choose between working at night or at weekends.
[ If I was offered a great job abroad. I'd probably take it because I'd I have the opportunity to learn about a new culture.
The best part-time job I ever had.,.
READING
In your country, do students sometimes have part-time jobs during the evening, weekends, or holidays? What sort of part-time jobs are common?
Read the article. For each person, underline a sentence that shows whether they learnt something from the job or not. Who is the most positive about their job?
Read the article again. Answer with A-E. Which person.,.?
1 Felt that the job was badly-paid
2 liked the parts of the job where he / she could rest
3 started very early and finished very late
4 I enjoyed spending time with the other
workers
5 was very unsuccessful in one of his / her jobs
Find one word or phrase related to money in each paragraph for these definitions.
A_an informal word for money
B money that children get from
their parents every week
C_got money for doing a job
0 _ _ a regular amount of money that
you earn, usually every week £ _the place where you pay, e.g.
in a supermarket
Which of the part-time jobs mentioned would you most / least like to do?
Glossary
shelf-stacker a person who puts things on shelves in a supermarket sell sth door to door visit houses to ask people if they want to buy something do a round doajobviftti a particular route, e.g. a postman
Dog walker, babysitter, shelf-stacker - most of us would have one of these classic part-time jobs on our CV. But did we really learn anything from the experience?
A Sir RamiIph Fiennes, explorer
When I was 16,1 wanted to buy a canoe and needed £85. J washed the buses at Mid hurst bus station between 3.00 a.m. and 7.00 a,m, during the week. Then 1 washed the dishes at the AngeJ Hotel from 6.00 p.m. to 10.00 p.m. I was paid £11 per week in all, and that's how I got the cash. It's too long ago to know if 1 actually Learned anything from the experience.
B Russell Kane, comedian
I did two humiliating Saturday jobs. The first was selling vacuum cleaners door to door. I didn't sell a single one. The other job was working with my granddad for a frozen-food delivery service. I doubt that a Saturday job really teaches you anything. Where I come from, it's automatic - at age 11 you get a job. It wasn't. Hey man, I'm really learning the value of work.' It was, Ifl want money, I must work for it.' My dad never gave me a penny of pocket money after the age of 11,
C Tony Ross, illustrator and author
In the fifties, when 1 was a boy, I used to work at the post of lice over Christmas. It was fantastic fun. I earned enough to buy an old motor scooter. My favourite part was going in the lorry to collect the maiibags from the station because you didn't have to walk the streets all day. The other good thing was doing a round with your own house in it because then you could stop for a cup of tea. I learned the basics of working for money, like arriving on time and enjoying it no matter what. It was a good introduction because very few people work for fun.
D Clive Stafford Smith, lawyer
I worked for a sand and gravel company when 1 was 16. It was cold, damp, and so boring that I cried. I've learned various important things from that job. First, I know I'm very lucky to have a job now that I truly love. I also learned that it's crazy to pay bankers millions while paying a low wage to people a I gravel companies. It's terrible work and no one should have to do it. Anyone who says differently should he forcerl to work at that gravel company for a year.
E Adele Parks, author
When I was doing my A levels. I worked in our local supermarket for two years, stacking shelves. I was 16 then, and in a job like that, you make the decision whether this is what you want to do for the rest of your life. I spent a lot of time chatting to the other guys and girls who had permanent jobs. I am good at talking and telling stories, and I think I learned it there because one of the things about stacking shelves or being at the checkout is thatyou have lots of opportunities to talk to people. That's what I liked best,
Adapted from The Times
6 SPEAKING
In pairs, discuss the questions about work and studies. Follow the arrows to ask the questions that are most relevant to your partner.
7 O VIDEO LISTENING
Part-time work
Have you ever done        Why did you
a part-time or holiday -> choose it?
job? What was it? Did you enjoy it?
If you're studying now...
What qualification are you studying for?
Do you think you will continue studying when you finish your present course?
What jobs do you think you might get with your qualification?
Do you know anyone who has a job you'd like to have? Which job? Why?
What jobs would you definitely not like to do? Why?
What did you 1 learn from the job?
J
31
If you're working now.
Why did you apply for your current job?
What qualifications did you need?
Why do you think you got the job?
Would you like to change jobs? Why (not)?
If you could go back in time and choose a different career, what would you choose?
Watch an interview with a student who has a part-time job. What does Milly want to do when she leaves college? How did her part-time job change her life?
Watch again end mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Milly is studying at the Royal Academy of Music
2 Her mother was a good singer.
3 She was optimistic when she started her Master's degree,
4 One of Miiiy's problems is the cost of living in London.
5 Her part-time job involves playing with professional musicians.
6 Milly only had 48 hours to prepare for the concert.
7 The audience was not impressed that the performer was S music student.
8 There was a lot of publicity about Milly immediately after the concert.
9 The media attention wasn't as exciting as the actual concert for Milly.
10 Milly still does the part-time job.
What does Milly say and do that makes you think she might be successful in her career?
S WRITING
© p.118 Writing A Linkedln profile Create your own profile for Linkedln or a similar site.
evise and Check
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
irchjia, b, or c.
1 I couldn't answer my phone because
I_.
a drove   b used to drive  c was driving
2 We_to a lot of different shops
yesterday.
a went  b used to go  c were going
3 She       get up so late.
a didn't use   b didn't use to c didn't used to
4 When I was young, I_playing football.
a love  b was loving  e used to love
5 Go       the steps until you get to the bottom.
a down   b on   c along
6 We're very pleased       our holiday photos.
a with   b to   c of
7 A Are we going out? B It_the weather,
a depends  b depends on   c depends of
8 I'm really sorry. I promise_late again.
a I'm not b I won't be
c I'm not going to be
9 A These bags are so heavy! B _you with them.
a I help  b I'm going to help  c I'll help
10 A We've booked a week in Venice in April. B Where_stay?
a do you  b will you   c are you going to
11 This job looks interesting.       I apply? a Shall  b Do  c Will
12 I_to work abroad unless the pay was
very good.
a don't want   b won't want c wouldn't want
13 I might get the job if I_more experience.
a will have  b had  c would have
14 If you       to earn some money, you shouldn't become an intern.
a will need   b need  c needed
15 You won't get into university_harder.
a unless you don't study   b if you study c unless you study
Write a word or phrase connected with age.
1 15 years old_ 4 over 65_
2 21 or 22_ 5 58_
3 18 months old_ 6 44 or 45 _
Circle the correct word or phrase,
1 My sister's a very good photographer t photograph.
2 It's very dark in here, so you'll need to use zoom I dash.
3 This is me, in the centre / in front of the Taj Mahal.
4 There's my dog, in the bottom right-hand/ right-hand bottom comer.
5 Here's a photo of us on the beach - you can see our hotel in the foreground t background.
Write words for the definitions.
1 a person whose job is to take the rubbish away
2 the material often used to make boxes_
3 the top of a jar_
4 a large plastic bag for putting rubbish in__
5 a plastic or paper cover for a chocolate bar_
6 a large area of land where waste is put
Complete the words.
1 Don't forget to include a c .
2 I'm living in a hall of r
_letter with your CV.
in my first year at university.
3 He won't get the job. He doesn't have enough q _.
4 You need to apply for a work p _to work in the USA.
5 Most university students attend I..
every day.
6 I'm trying to get a job, but there are very few v _.
7 We'd like to invite you to a an interview on 3rd March,
8 The Humanities f_is the largest at this university.
PRONUNCIATION
a   Practise the words and sounds. Vowel sounds Consonant sounds
c*a   ^ # 13» m #
train   bike   bird      tie    dog  television  shower chess jazz b  O p.166-7 Sound Bank Say more words for each sound.
c   What sound in a do the pink letters have in these words?
1 jar  2 lecture  3 work permit  4 vacancy  5 apply
d   Underline the stressed syllable.
1 re|tired 3 photographer       5 professor
2 opposite 4 recycle
44
CAN YOU understand this text?
a   Look at the title of an article about a 'zero waste' store and the photo. What kind of store do you think it is? Read the article once and check.
In the past few weeks. Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer setup Earth.Food.Love in Tbtnes. Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It's the UK's first 'zero waste' store - the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. A lot of new people are coming in - people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before', he says,
Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free aisles, But Eckersley says many consumers are already way ahead of politicians. 'We are getting calls every week from people who want to do something simitar,' He and Nicola have helped people set up stores in Wales. Birmingham, and Bristol. Fngrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an ant i-plasties movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC's Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the campaign 'A Plastic Planet', says, 'The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer' Walking down the a isles of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic, Sutherland says urgent action is needed. It is really quite overwhelming." she says. I can buy gluten-free, fat-free. African food, Asian food, but 1 can't buy food without plastic'
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world eivery minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so extensive that tap water around the world also contains plastic. Back in Devon. Eckersley says, 'After my daughter was born, it made me think about what future lies ahead for her. 1 wanted to say that at least I tried to make a di(Terence."
_;
b   Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences,
1 Richard Eckersley gives away boxes of food.
2 All the new customers at Earth.Food.Love are people who are active in fighting for the environment.
3 People phone Eckersley to ask for help with their shops.
4 There are no 'zero waste' shops in London.
5 The food industry is confident that recycling is better than banning plastic packaging.
6 Nowadays, It's easier to find gluten-free food than plastic-free food.
7 Plastic bottles are one of the biggest problems,
3 Eckersley became more interested in environmental issues after he became a father.
Q CAN YOU understand these people?
©4,22 Watch or listen and choose a, b, or c,
Erica Keith       Shreeya      Emma Thomas
1 Erica_when she was a child.
a used to annoy people
b has stopped being as inquisitive as c has completely changed from
2 Keith_.
a usually uses a normal camera
b takes more videos than photos nowadays
c only takes photos of his children
3 Shreeya tries to avoid using plastic by a always having a packed lunch
b shopping in small local shops
c using her own ref liable water bottle
4 Emma is studying osteopathy because_.
a someone suggested it as a career
b a family member was an osteopath
c she recovered from injuries thanks to osteopathy
5 Thomas says that
a he rarely met interesting people
b customers often treat waiters quite badly
c he didn't enjoy his part-time jobs
CAN YOU say this in English?
Tick [/) the box if you can do these things. Can you.,.?
1 I talk about what you were like as a child
2 describe one of your favourite photographs
3 talk about what you are going to do personally to reduce waste
4 ■ complete the sentence so that it's true for you
and say why. HI had to choose between going to university or getting a job, I would.-.
5A
F.
Screen time
-low long has MaSterChef been on TV?
It's been on for a long time, at least ten years.
G present perfect simple IV television! P /wt, ivl, and J
1 VOCABULARY television
a  ©5.1 Listen to extracts from six TV programmes. Match each extract to a type of programme.
a      chat show d sitcom
b m documentary e live sport c H crime drama        f      the news
b  O P-15S Vocabulary Bank Television
c   What kinds of programmes do you usually watch? What do you never watch?
2 PRONUNCIATION fwt, hi, and /IV
a  ©5.4 Look at the sound pictures. What are the words and sounds? Listen and repeat.
	1	I
we	TV	. e
switch	volume	broadcast
weather	over	problem
©5.5 Listen to the pairs of words. Can you hear the difference? Practise saying the words.
b vote
b V
b berry
b win
b bull
b buy b wet b vine
1 a boat 2a B
3 a very
4 a :-in
5 a wool
6 a why ? a e\ B a wine
©5.6 Listen and (circle)the word you hear.
Practise saying the sentences.
We want to buy a bigger TV.
I never watch live sport.
Can we turn over to channel five?
The film won't be over before eleven.
3 LISTENING & SPEAKING
a   Look at the two photos of people watching TV. In pairs, A describe photo 1, and B describe photo 2. Then discuss how they show the way in which watching TV has changed.
b   Read a questionnaire about 21st century TV habits, and phrases.
Complete the definitions with the highlighted words
Watching TV the 21st century way
1 How do you watch TV programmes, on a television or on another device?
2 Do you 'two-screen' while watching TV7 What kinds of things do you do?
3 Do you normally watch live TV or catch-up?
Have yo j ever binge watched a TV series? How many episodes did you watch in one go?
Do you use a streaming service like Netflix? What do you like about it?
How often do you watch YouTube, or online channels like Apple? What kinds of things do you watch?
Do you ever interact with TV shows by voting for contestants?
_{verb, slang) watch a TV programme or series on one
device while using another a* the same time, e.g. to tweet about the programme or check information
{noon) a television station
{verb, idiom) watch several episodes of a TV series
one after the other
{noun\ a method of sending or receiving data over a
computer network
[notini <i piece rj( equipment thai hdt fcieen designed to do a particular job
competition
{noun} a person who takes part in a game, quit, or
{noun} a service that allows you to watch television i
programmes after the time when they were originally broadcast
c   05.7 Listen to different people answering
questions 1-7 in b. Match them to the programme or kind of programme they mention.
4 GRAMMAR present perfect simple
a   Look at some extracts from the listening in 3. What are the missing words?
_happened on the news.
1 When something.
I might watch it live.
2 Yesterday, I was watching MasterChef and I some small cake Cms.
3 I haven't done it._        .a long time.
4 For example, a few months
j I watched all
d   Listen again. How do the people answer the questions in b?
the episodes of Brides f>e^d Revisited.
5 I've_watched someone preparing a fish dish.
6 I have several times for contestants, when they've done a really good dance.
7 Once, I_addicted to a TV show,
b 05.8 Listen and check. For each sentence, say why either the present perfect or past simple is used.
c   0 p,140 Grammar Bank 5A
d   Change the boJd words to make the statements true for you. Then compare with a partner.
• I've watched about 20 hours of TV since this time last week.
• Today, I've used three devices to watch or listen to programmes.
• I've downloaded B/ue P/anet, but I haven't watched it yet.
• I haven't watched the news for a long time,
• I've never enjoyed watching live sport.
(J^'ve watched about ten hours of TV, / think. And you?
e   Answer the questionnaire in b with a partner.
5 READING
a   Do you ever watch films or TV series in another language with subtitles? Why (not)?
b   Look at the images from eight TV drama series which have been successful all over the world- With a partner, try to match them to the countries they are from.
Argentina       Brazil    rJ Denmark France (x2)
Italy       Spain       Sweden / Denmark
(THE KILLING) (I KNOW WHO YOU ARE)
(the Returned) (BLOODON ROME)
MfttUfMAiJ (MERCILESS)
c   O Communication TV dramas A p.108 Bp.112 Check your answers to b and tell each other about the series.
d  Have you seen any of the series in b? If yes, which did you most enjoy?
e   Read the first paragraph of the article on p,49. Choose the best title from the three below.
Turn it off! It isn't in English...
Why is the UK in love with foreign TV series?
What's the problem with British TV?
f    Now read the whole article. Choose a, b, or c.
1 Foreign-language dramas nowadays are considered
a an unusual taste
b normal because everyone watches them c only suitable for educated people
2 The Killing was the first foreign series which_.
a became really popular b the BBC showed c Denmark exported
3 One reason lor the popularity of foreign-language dramas is that_.
a it's much easier to watch them than it
used to be b everybody is talking about them c UK and American series aren't as good
as they used to be
4 Programmes with subtitles make the viewers_.
a do other things while they watch b want to tweet about them c pay more attention to what they are watching
5 Walter luzzolino is in favour of foreign-language TV because_.
a it encourages people to learn foreign
languages b it allows people to experience life in
other countries c It encourages people to visit the
countries the series are set in
48
6 SPEAKING
c "5
e m
a
= E J
g
Afew ye&rs ago, if you'd mentioned to a British friend or colleague that you were addicted to a Danish drama series, people would have thought you were a bit strange. But in the UK today, subtitled foreign-language dramas aren't just in fashion, they're completely mainstream.
It nil began when the BBC bought the French crime drama Spiral, though it was Denmark's 77k Kitting thai was the tipping point. *f remember hearing people la I king about it on the I jus,' admits Sue peeks, Hc;id of Prog nt mining at the liliC. 'ft was clearly growing and growing in popularity, bin the extent of it «x>k everyone by surprise.' The flitting was followed by The Bridge, in which a crime is committed on the bridge between Denmark and Sweden, which regularly lopped a mill ion viewers. The British were hooked.
One of the. reasons lor the success of foreign TV is thai it Is more accessible than it used to be, thanks to catch-up and online services. And if you haven1! watched the latest foreign series that eveiyljody is talking about, yon can binge watch (he episodes (hat you've missed. .lihI i wen ,il)oin how much von love Ih. Rsiwrned.
'When you read subtitles, you have to be glued to the screen'
There may be something else in foreign TV's new popularity, too. In a world in which we're frequently distracted from our TV viewing by Twitter and WhalsApp, subtitles force us to focus. 'When you read stibtitJcs, you have
to be glued to the screen,' says Deeks. 'That concentration gives a particular intensity to the viewing experience. You just can't multitask when you're watching a foreign-language drama.'
And while foreign-language dramas an* often remade Tot the Anglo-American market - for example, The Bridge became The Tunnd - the originals still dominate* because they transport us to a different culture. As Walter luzzolino, who has set up a new streaming service dedicated to foreign-language TV, says, 'You develop a love fia- the distant world, because while you're watch ing, you're in the countly. [f you see something arriving set in Argentina, then Argentina itself, the houses, the people; what they wear, what their voices sound like, the language, is one oft he biggest appeals. There is •a huge pleasure in that."
Glossary
tipping point the point a t which an idea suddenly spreads quickly among a large number of people, as a result of a number of small changes over a period of time before that
Do you agree with Walter (uzzolino that watching TV series from other countries helps you 'develop a love for the distant world'?
a   Write the names of TV series or films in as many boxes as you can.
a TV series you've just finished watching
« What kind of series was it?
• Where was it set?
• What was it about?
• Who were the main characters?
• Did you enjoy it?
• Do you know if it's going to continue?
a film you've seen more than three times
• How many times have you seen it?
• Why do you like it so much?
• Do you think you'll ever watch it again?
a TV series that lots of people you know have seen, but you haven't
• Why haven't you seen it?
• Do you think you're going to? Why (not)?
• What do your friends think of it?
the TV series you've watched the most seasons of
• How many seasons have you watched?
• Are there going to be any more or has it finished?
• Which season did you think was the best?
• Did you get tired of it towards the end?
b  Work in small groups. Talk about the boxes where you have written the name of a TV series or film, answering the questions.
Expressing enthusiasm
i think it's absolutely briWfant?
I'm completely hooked!
It's the best thing ever.
I adore the main character.
I can't wait for the next season.
r
A quiet life?
G present perfect continuous IV the country I P vowel sounds, sentence rhythm
How long have you been living in the country?
For two years. We moved here when we retired.
1  READING & SPEAKING
a   Read the introduction to an article about Italian villages. Answer the questions.
1 Why are some Italian villages becoming 'ghost towns'?
2 What do you think the new ways of surviving' could be?
3 Are there similar problems in small villages in your country?
b   Read the first paragraph about Civita. Complete it with problems A-D.
A the earthquakes, landslides, and floods B can only be reached by a footbridge C has only ten year-round inhabitants D that can reach Civita are scooters
c   Now read the second paragraph. What was the mayor's brilliant idea? Complete the tourist information about Civita.
VISIT CIVITA Dl BAGNOREGIO AND GO BACK TO THE MIDDLE AG ESI
Entrance fee:
Monday-Saturday €_
Sunday and public holidays €_
You can also book a private_and you
can buy refreshments.
d   Now read about Santo Stefano. Answer the questions.
1 What problems did the village have at the end of the 20th century?
2 Who was Daniele Kihlgren and what was his idea?
3 How has his idea benefited the local people?
4 What is the situation in the village now?
e   Answer the questions with a partner.
1 Which of the two villages would you most like to visit? Why?
2 Do you think either of the solutions in the article would work for a town or village in your country?
3 Do you agree that these solutions are a good idea? What could be the disadvantages? Can you think of any other ways to help towns or villages survive?
A new life for dying towns
Italy is famous for its picturesque small towns and villages, many of them originating from medieval times, but a recent report suggests that almost 2,500 risk becoming abandoned ghost towns, ft all started with the post-war economic decline of rural Italian communities, when many inhabitants of these small towns and villages emigrated to cities. As more and more young people left, birth rates fell, and the villages began to empty. But recently, some of these villages have discovered new ways of surviving.
C»vi ta is a ti ny vi I lage aba ut 120 k i lometres no rth of Rom e. 11 was fo u n ded by the Etruscans more than 2,500 years ago. The main piazza has a bell tower and a 13th-century church, the narrow streets have beautiful stone houses on either side, and there are ruins of Renaissance palaces. However, Civita
which connects h to another <mall town. EJagnoregio The only chicles i   , and a couple of tractors, which are used to transport building materials, or to bring supplies for the small number of restaurants and bars, Civita3 . although in the summer, this rises to 100- It became known as 'the dying town', because of 4    that have been threatening its survival since the 17th century, and it seemed destined to become a ghost town.
But in 2013, a brilliant idea from the local mayor saved it from certain death. His idea was to charge people an entrance fee to visit the village. Visitors now have to pay €3 Monday to Saturday and €5 on Sundays or public holidays. For a few euros more, they can get a private tour of the village, or a sandwich and a glass of wine. As they walk through its main entrance - a huge stone gateway - any irritation at having to pay quickly evaporates, as visitors are taken back to the Middle Ages. In only five years, the number of tourists has grown from 40,000 to 850,001 per year. As the mayor says. 'Today Civita is not only alive, but it's keeping the entire area alive, too.'
Another approach has worked for the tiny medieval village of Santa Stefano di Sessanio, 14S kilometres east of Rome. At the end of the 20th century, the village was in ruins, with only 70 inhabitants. But in 1999. Swedish-Italian millionaire Daniele Kihlgren drove through the village on a solo motorbike tour, and decided to do something about this sad situation. He started by buying one house and quickly followed that with another ten. He then made a deal with local government officials to preserve Santo Stefano and not allow any new buildings. In return, he would restore it to its original state and give the village a chance to live again by making the houses into hotel rooms.
Five years later, the village was opened to visitors and became the first Albergo Diffuse', which means a hotel which is in fact a whole village with rooms in different buildings. 32 of the restored houses a re now hotel rooms. Kihlgren buys everything from local people in and around the village, from the food for the restaurants to the accessories in the guest rooms. As a result local crafts and the local economy have bee n rev ived. In spite of a recen t earthq uake. the village is now thriving, and Kihlgren has since bought several more villages, which he plans to restore in the same way. Staying in Santo Stefano is like stepping back in time. Walking back in an intense silence from a cosy restaurant to the warmth of your own private, medieval house has a comforting and calming effect, Where once there were empty buildings and locked doors, now fireplaces burn again and soft light pours through the small 'jt^    windows of the centuries-old houses. Santo Stefano di Sessanio is alive again.
2 VOCABULARY the country
a   Look at the photo. What kind of place do you think it is? Where do you think ft might be?
CE>5.10 Listen to s woman talking about her life there. Check your answers to a.
Listen again and answer the questions.
1 What did she like about the village when she lived there?
2 What didn't she like as much?
3 Where does she live now?
4 What does she miss about life in the village?
<E>5.11 Listen and complete four extracts from th listening. Do you know what the missing words mean?
1 There's a large nearby...
2 ...the are covered with pine trees
3 People worked in the_.
4 ...we had our own_
_and generator
e  © p.159 Vocabulary Bank The country
f   What's the countryside like near where you live?
3 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds
a   Look at the pairs of words below. Are the vowel sounds the same or different? Write 5 or D,
1	leaf	wheat	5	pick	C if
2 1	b .si	mud	6 1	rock	stone
3	plant	farm	7	lamb	grass
4	grow	cow	3	sheep	field
b   ® 5.15 Listen and check. Practise saying the words.
FROM THE CITY TO THE
COUNTRY
AND SOMETIMES BACK AGAIN
Not everyone in the UK who moves to the country ends up staying there. In fact, for the first time in years, as many people are moving back to cities as are moving out to the country.
I was just di voiced, and bored with my easy, if super-busy, London life. I wanted to live somewhere quieter, simpler, more beautiful, so I sold my house and bought a big farmhouse with 50 acres of land. I'll look after horses, I thought. J'11 get a dog. I'll grow all my own food. It will be idyllic and friends will come to stay and tell me how lueky I am to live here.
BOB AYE RS
My wife, Jean, and I had lived in London for years, and we both worked right in the city centre I was a police inspector and Jean was a police dog handler. We enjoyed our jobs, but it was pretty stressful, dealing with accidents, drugs, shootings, and so on, We'd often talked about moving out of London, and we'd had holidays in the country, so we thought we knew what living in the country would be like. Ten years ago, we bought a house in a village in Dorset, with a huge garden.
4 LISTENING & SPEAKING
a Read the title and introduction to the article. Why do you think people move from the city to the country? Why do some people move back?
b  Reed about Liz Jones and Bob Avers. Why did they both move to the country?
c   ® 5.16 You're going to listen to Liz and Bob talking about what life was really like in the country. First, listen and complete some extracts. Who do you think stayed, and who do you think moved back to the city?
Liz
1 you have to drive miles to find a_
2 they look at you as if you were from_
3 another thing I was the shooting
4 an amazing and a pair of nesting herons
5 Isatoulsideunderneath millions of
Bob
6 my wife always wanted to have a_or a_
7
so we started with four
8 it gets incredibly
9 it can get physically very 10 th ere were some I oca 1 _
who didn't
really like newcomers
d  ®5.17 Now listen to them talking about their experiences. Check your answer to the question in c.
Glossary
free-range hens hens which live outd&ots and can move freely battery farms farms which keep hen: ir.doors ;n una II c<iyus
e   Listen again. Mark the sentences L (Liz), B (Bob), or Bo (Both).
Who.,,?
1 had problems with the house when he/she moved in
2 found prices much higher in the country
3 got a new job
4 bought more land
5 didn't behave like the local people expected
6 kept animals
7 had problems with the weather
8 gave work to the local people
f   Why do you think one of them succeeded in their new life and the other failed?
g   Q Communication City or country? p,106 Ask and answer questions with a partner.
5 GRAMMAR present perfect continuous
a   Look at the photos and speech bubbles. Circle/the correct verb form.
b   Compare with a partner. Explain why you chose each verb form.
6 PRONUNCIATION &
SPEAKING sentence rhythm
a   ©5.19 Listen and complete the sentences with verbs in the present perfect continuous. Use contractions if possible.
1 I_hard this week.
2 I well lately.
3 My neighbours
a lot of noise recently,
4 I
about
getting a new phone.
5 I
family a lot recently.
6 I
. with my . much
TV lately.
7 I
stressed for the Jast few weeks-
8 I
very a lot
of exercise this month.
9 I 10 I
a lot recently _a lot
of time on social media.
b  Listen again and repeat. Copy the rhythm.
Work with a partner. For each sentence in a, say if it is true for you or not, and give reasons.
[ 1 is true for me. I've been working reaiiy hard I thfs week because I have exams soon.
Now think of two things you have or haven't been doing this week or recently. Work in pairs, A and B. A tell B what you've been doing. B show interest by asking for more details. Then swap roles.
I've been eating out a lot recently/^
(j?h really? Why?
Because some friends of mine are visiting, so we've been going out together.
7 WRITING
3
© p.119 Writing An informal email Write an email about things you've been doing recently.
c  0 p.14-1 Grammar Bank 5B
3
Practical English Time to tell the police
making a police report
1 0 A WORRIED PHONE CALL
a   (E>5.20 Watch or listen to Jenny talking to Rob on the phone. !n the end, what does Rob say she should do?
b  Watch or listen again. Answer the questions.
1 Is Jenny sure the man in the news is the man she met on the plane? Why (not)?
2 What time were Jenny and Henry planning to have dinner?
3 What time is it now? Why is Rob worried about this?
4 How does Jenny describe the house?
5 What doesn't she think she'll be able to do?
If you were Jenny, would you stay in Henry's house alone?
2 O MAKING A POLICE REPORT
a  05.21 Watch or listen to Jenny and Luke at the police station. What information does the police officer ask for about Henry? How do Jenny and Luke describe him?
b  Watch or listen again. Complete the You hear phrases in the conversation.
C   0)5.22 Watch or listen and repeat some of Jenny's You say phrases. Copy the rhythm and intonation.
d   In groups of three, practise the conversation in b.
e  © Communication Reporting a missing person A p.103 B p-113. Role-play two conversations.
You hear You say
...You also said that your father-in-law - Henry Walker - hasn't returned home yet, How long has he been 1_?
He was supposed to be home three hours ago.
OK. It's a bit early to report him missing but
I'll2_a
statement. So, your name's Jenny Zielinski.
And you're staying at The Grange, Marsh Lane, Long Crendon.
OK. Can you 3_Mr Walker?
That's right.
When did you
_see him?
Where were you?
And do you remember what he was
He's 62, I think. He's average height and build. He has grey harr and glasses. I don't know what colour his eyes are.
They're brown. Here is a photo of him.
This morning. Around ten.
At his house in Long Crendon,
Do you remember
anything *_
about the last time you saw him?
Really? So you left for Oxford and he stayed to fix the car?
Do you know what his were for the rest of the day?
Oh, just a brown jacket, a dark green shirt, and jeans.
Yes, actually. We were going to go to Oxford, but Henry's two front tyres had been punctured.
Yes.
■
No,
You hear	You say-
Can you give me some idea of his normal * ?	Not really... Well he's an academic. He teaches at the university a few days a week, but he often works from home. He goes on a lot of long walks, out never this late.
And Jenny, do you *               see i no anything unusual when you got back to the house this afternoon?	Well, there was my suitcase. The airport had returned my lost luggage and the lock was broken.
Is there anything	There were some books on the floor. Really? That's weird. Henry's normally really tidy.
OK. Try not to 11              , we'll look into this. In the meantime, perhaps you should stay with Luke, and if you think of anything else, or he turns up, give me a call.	
3 Q A THREATENING MESSAGE
a ©5,23 Watch or listen to Jenny and Luke talking the next morning. What's the good news? What's the bad news?
Watch or listen again.(^jrdjtthe correct answer.
1 Jenny feels safer/ less safe in Luke's house.
2 The username on the laptop is f isn't Jenny's.
3 When Luke opens a file, he finds a photo / a formula.
4 Jerrny receives s text message / a video message from Henry.
5 Henry says the people who are holding him want her laptop / surtcase.
6 Henry shows them today's / yesterday's newspaper,
7 He asks Jenny and Luke to go / not to go to the police again. S He asks them to give Rob a message / not to say anything
to Rob.
What do you think has happened to Henry? Why? What do you think Jenny and Luke should do?
Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?
Social English
1 Jenny Thanks for
Jenny What does it
Luke I have
Jenny It's a _
me stay. i
_idea.
from Henry!
Henry As you can see, I'm_
Henry Listen _,.
d  ©5.24 Watch or listen and complete the phrases, Then watch or listen again and repeat.
e   Complete conversations A-F with Social English phrases 1-6. Then practise them with a partner.
A                  Are you feeling OK?	Yes, don't worry,
B       Have a safe journey! It was really lovely to see you!	Yes it was great.
C          OK. we're going to do a dictation. I'm going to repeat each sentence twice.	Will you say them slowly?
D             Your phone just made a noise.	Yes.    my sister. She's coming round this evening.
E           Do you know where my dad's gone?	Sorry,
F                 I don't understand this message.	I don't understand it either.
CAN YOU,.,?
describe someone's appearance and routine report a problem to the police thank someone for helping you
What the waiter really thinks
Do we need to leave a tip?
Yes, we ought to leave about
12%.
G obligation, necessity, prohibition, advice| V at a restaurant | P ward pairs with &nd
1 VOCABULARY at a restaurant
3 READING
Look at these phrases. Who says them? Mark them C [customer) or W (waiter).
1 Are you ready to order?
2 Would you like the dessert menu?
3 I I'll have the lasagne, please.
4 Enjoy your meal!
5 B Can we have the bill, please?
6 B Today's specials are on the board over there.
7 How would you like your steak?
8 Can I have the wine list, please? 9. B Is service included?
10      I'm sorry, but this fish isn't cooked.
O p.160 Vocabulary Bank At a restaurant
Work with a partner. What's the difference between each pair of words or phrases?
1 j cup  ii glass 5
2 a plate / a saucer 6
3 a jug / a mug 7
4 a tablecloth / a napkin 8
a piste f a dish
a meal / a course
lay the table / clear the table
take an order / order food
2 PRONUNCIATION word pairs with and
a   Look at the photo- What do you think the 'n' stands for? Why do you think it's written like that?
b  0)6.3 Listen and repeat the phrases.
fish and chips cup and saucer
oil and vinegar knife and fork
salt and pepper
JD Word pair order
With many pairs, we always say them in a certain order, e.g. we say oil and vinegar NOT vinegar-and-&it.
c   What two kinds of food and drink can you see in the photos?
a   Look at the title of the article on p.57, Do people in your country usually complain in restaurants if things aren't right, or do they suffer in silence? Have you ever lost your cool' in a restaurant? What happened?
b   Read the article once. Who do you
think the writer sympathizes with most, restaurant staff or customers?
d  06.4 Listen and check.
c   Read the article again and complete it with headings A-H.
A Put yourself in their shoes
B There's bad cooking.,,and there's
different cooking C Ask to speak to the manage; D *Oti no, not TripAdvisor!' E Respect people's expertise F Be clear about what's wrong and what
you want G Don't wait to complain H The menu is there for a reason
d  Look at the highlighted words in the article. What do you think over-and under- mean when they are used before another word?
e   Which of the pieces of advice in the article do you think is the most useful?
56
How to complain in restaurants... without losing your cool
People often lose their temper when they try to complain about bad food or service. So how do you do it effectively?
VJ
Severity-five per cent of all problems in restaurants are caused by bad organization, bacf training, or employing the wrong staff. The waiters are often innocent victims, so they ate not the right person to complain to.
Have a reasonable Idea in yout head of how you want the complaint dealt with (Le. the dish re-cooked, removed from the bill, etc.). Make your cose politely bul clearfy; don't start your sentence with 'Sorry-.'. What are you apologizing for?
about your holiday In Italy or your best friend who has a vineyard. Please also bear in mind that you probably don't know everything. They are the professionals, You aren't.
Trie fact that a dish has not been made how you do it at home' is not a good reason to complain. The same applies to portion size, unless you can see that the table next to you got twice as much as you. But too much salt, important Ingredients missing, undercooked fish, cold or bumf food: these are all good reasons for complaining,
A waiter's Job isn't easy. You need to recognize the difference between when they are being genuinely rude or lazy, and when they are simply overworked. Booking systems crash. A big group of people who haven't booked suddenly arrives. Staff get ill. Look around you. Are you waiting for your drinks because the staff are chatting by the till, or are they rushing around because the restaurant is clearly understaffed?
Never tell restaurant staff how you think o dish should be cooked or how a drink should be served- If you wont something done in a specific way. ask for it. Good restaurants will do it. You don't need to prove how much you know about food and wine by talking
You want a dish served without one Of its ingredients? Within reason, that's fine. You want your steak cooked until it's like shoe leather? It's Ok to osk for that. However, if you want spaghetti bolognese and it isn't on the menu, that's too bad. Similarly, you can't expect the staff to run to the nearest supermarket to get you some white bread because you don't like the chef's wholemeal loaf.
Don t threaten to write a bad review on a restaurant review site if you ore unhappy with the food or service. If your complaint hasn't been satisfactorily resolved on the night, email the restaurant. You will be amazed how receptive restaurants con be.
Don't continue drinking your vinegary wine or eating your overcooked steak until you are halfway through and then compiain. Similarly, there's no point in telling the waitress who is clearing the table that there wasn't enough sauce. Speak up while the mistake can be corrected.
I
i
1
1
4 LISTENING & SPEAKING
a   06.5 You're going to listen to three people talking about bad experiences in restaurants, First, listen to some extracts and write down the food you hear.
b  <3ó.ů Now listen to the three stories. Make notes in the chart.
c  Answer the questions with a partner.
1 Think of some places where you've eaten out. Have you ever had really bad service? What happened?
2 Have you ever seen a customer who behaved badly? Have you ever worked as a waiter?
3 When you go to a restaurant, which do you think is more important, the service or the food? Why? What other aspects of a restaurant are Important to you when you go out?
	1	2	3
Was the speaker a waiter or a customer?			
Where did the incident happen?			
What is the speaker complaining about?			
What happened in the end?			
57
5 GRAMMAR obligation, necessity, prohibition, advice
a   Do you normally leave a tip fn restaurants? How much do you leave?
b   Read an article about tipping. Is the situation in your country similar to any of the countries mentioned? Do you agree with the waiter's advice in the last paragraph?
Knowing how to tip in restaurants can be a nightmare, especially on holiday. A waiter tells you what to do...
Is there anywhere where people never tip?
In Japan, You mustn't do it there. The Japanese think that tipping someone means treating them like a servant. The price is the price.
Where should you tip?
Everywhere else. As a waiter, I find it hard to imagine anyone being upset with extra cash. You should never feel embarrassed to leave a tip on the table, in fact, in countries where you don't have to tip, it's even more appreciated.
Do you need to tip if service is already included?
In countries like France and Australia, service is always included in the prices. The service charge is often shared with the kitchen staff as well - which is a good thing, helping everyone to earn a bit more. When you have to pay a service charge, of course, you needn't add an extra tip unless you really want to. If you do tip, check that the money is going to the waiter and not to the restaurant owner, and if in doubt, leave cash.
How much should you tip?
The standard service charge is 12.5% of the bill in Britain, so if your bill doesn't include service, you should tip about 10% {the USA and Canada are another story - there's no upper limit!). But - and this is important - if you're leaving a good tip, don't make a big thing about it and expect the waiter to look at you adoringly. Do it discreetly and enjoy the feel-good Factor instead.
When shouldn't you tip?
The only circumstances when 1 think you shouldn't tip are when the service is really reaily bad. for example, if you ask for things that never arrive, or if staff are extremely unfriendly. But remember that what many people think of as 'slow service' is often more the kitchen's fault than the waiter's.
3
É E
a
fl.
c   Match the highlighted phrases to their meaning. What other verbs could you use for 1, 4, and 5?
1 It's an obligation / necessity.
2 It isn't an obligation / necessity.
3 Don't do it! It's prohibited / dangerous / wrong.
4 It's a good idea.
5 It isn't a good idea,
d  0p,142 Grammar Bank 6A
In pairs, (circl^ the correct answer.
1 You shouldn't / You ought to speak rudely to waiters.
2 You mustn't / You don't have to order food containing nuts if you have a serious nut allergy.
3 You ought to / You oughtn't ro send something back just because you don't like it.
4 You have to / You needn't book a table in advance at really popular restaurants.
5 You don't need to / You shouldn't order things which aren't on the menu,
6 You mustn't / You don 'r have to fi n i sh eve r yth in g o n your plate.
7 You needn't / You shouJd leave a tip if the service was mediocre.
6 LISTENING
a  06.11 You're going to listen to an interview with Sally, an American, about tipping in JS restaurants. First, listen to two short extracts. What American English words does she use for the following nouns?
To tip or not to tip?
tip bill waiter or waitress note (= money)
b 06.12 Now listen to the interview. In which situations does Sally say you dorVt have to tip in the USA?
c   Listen again. Complete the information with a number.
1 Many waiters earn S_to_per hour.
2 The minimum wage in the USA is around $_per hour
3 A normal tip is_to__% of the bill.
4 If the service is excellent, you should pay _%.
5 If the service isn't good, you should pay
_%.
6 In a bar, you should tip $__for each
drink you order.
d  Was there anything that surprised you about the US tipping system? Do you think it's fair? Why (not)?
7 SPEAKING
a   Look at the photos. What jobs do they show? What services do these people provide?
b   In pairs, answer the questions about your country,
T Do people usually tip for the services in the photos? If yes, about how much? If no, do you think they should?
2 Is it usual to tip anybody else who provides a service, for example, refuse collectors or postmen / women at Christmas or for other special occasions?
3 Have you ever felt embarrassed about tipping Or not tipping someone? Why (not)?
8 WRITING
©p,120 Writing A restaurant review Write a website review of a restaurant you've been to recently.
Do it yoursetf
I
Could you help me put up so me shelves?
Sorry, I can't.
I've never been able to do DIY.
G can, could, and be sbte to		V DlY,irid re-pairs, paraphrasing		P consonant clusters	1	
> 1 1 READING						
Look at the photos of everyday things. Which do you think you might be able to use..,?
instead of shaving cream       to make towels soft to get rid of smells to make your hair shiny
to keep insects away
Read the b!og. What are the 'extraordinary' uses for the things in a? Were you right?
Read the blog again. As you read, focus on the highlighted verbs and read the sentences they appear in carefully. Try to guess what the verbs mean.
Marinas extraor
■v uses for
ordinary
things
Your house is full of everyday items that can be used for things you would never have expected. I promise all these ideas work - I've tried them!
IDo ynu have a problem with insects? Don't tike spiders in your house?Citrus or lemon oil is a traditional repellent for insects of all kinds - and the oil is in the peel. Take large pieces of peel and place them along window sills and cracks outside your house, to stop spiders, ants, and other unwelcome g jests from coming in.
Cats also really dislike the strung smell of lemons, so you can use lemon peel or lemon juice to keep them away from specific areas in your house or garden. However, despite what you may iiave heard, lemon oil doesn't have any effect on mosquitoes, sadly, so it won't protect you from their bites
. Even after you've 1 washed them, plastic food containers often end up with a rather unpleasant smell from the food you kept in them. Newspaper can absorb all sorts of moisture and smells. Just crumple a piece of newspaper and put it inside your food container, then seal the container and leave it overnight.
In the morning, thmw away the newspaper and enjoy your clean container. You can also use the same method to deal with smelly trainers. Just stuff them with newspaper overnight and they'll be smell-free the next day.
3:
Towels are always soft and lovely when they're new, but they soon become a bit rough. You could buy fabric conditioner to help to restore that softness, but you can also use a tennis ball. Just put the hall in the dryer with your towels or sheets. Because of the movement of the ball against the material, they will feel really soft when you cake them out. Make sure you use a new tennis ball though, or you risk ruining your lovely clean laundry.
4Eggs are rich in proteins that are very similar to those found in our hair, so they make a great conditioner. Try beating _an egg with a bit of olive oil, and apply it to your hair. (Use a couple of eggs if your hair is really dry.) If you want to smell less like an omelette and more like you've just come back f mm the hairdresser's, add a couple of drops of scented oil. Leave on for about 20 minutes and then rinse with warm water Your hair will be shiny and extra smooth. Gut be careful not to use really hot water or you might cook the eggs!
Many people know that you can use olive oil to stop doors from making a noise, or to make machines work more
great alternative to shaving cream. Just rub it on your skin and shave normally. Olive oil can also help with dry skin, so you can use it to moisturize your face or legs after you finish shaving.
d   Now match the verbs in c to the definitions below.
1
2
3 ■1
6
7
8
9
10
to wash sth with dean water only, not using soap . to move a cloth or your hand backwards and forwards on $th while pressing hard to take in iiquid from sth
to put or spread sth such as paintj cream, etc, onto a surface
. to close a container tightly or fill a crack, especially so that air, liquid, etc. cannot get in or out to put sth in a particular position
. to make paper into a ball to bring sth back to a former condition to prevent sb / sth from going somewhere to fill a space or container tightly with sth
e   Do you think you might try any of the tips in the blog? Which one(s)? Can you think of any other 'extraordinary1 uses for the things in the photos in a?
2 GRAMMAR can, could, and be able to
a   Complete some more tips with the correct form of can or be able to.
1 If you cover your children's drawings with hairspray, you'll _keep them for years.
2 You_rescue soups or stews which are too salty by
putting pieces of apple or potato in them.
3 If you haven't remove a water mark on wooden furniture, make a paste with salt and water and rub the mark with it.
4 If you want your candies to last longer, you _try
putting them in the freezer for two hours before lighting them.
5 If you _ find any silver polish at home, rub your silver jewellery with toothpaste.
b  © p.143 Grammar Bank 6B
c  Talk to a partner. Make sentences with phrases 1-5 and the ideas in the boxes, or your own ideas,
1 I think everybody should be able to,..
2 I hate not being able to...
3 I've never been able to..
4 I'd love to be able to...
5 I hope I'll be able to.,.in a few years' time.
3 SPEAKING & WRITING
a   What would you suggest in these situations? Compare your ideas with a partner.
• you've spilt red wine on your white shirt
■ one of the screws in your glasses keeps coming out
• you have a pen mark on your jeans
• the heel breaks on one of your shoes
• there's a power cut and you have a freezer full of food
• you've dropped your phone in the toilet
• the zip on your suitcase breaks at the airport
• your car is nearly out of petrol and the nearest petrol station is 20 km away
• one of your shoelaces breaks while you're out
Abilities cook a two-course meal change a wheel on a car deal with computer problems drive   do DIY  dance well give first aid
Possibilities / Permission
spend more time with your family travel more use your phone in class work less vote at the age of 16
/ think everybody shouJd be able to drive^
0
I don't agree. If you five in a big city, you don't need I to be able to drive-you can use public transport.
£) Responding to other people's suggestions
That's a good / briffiant ideal Are you sure that would wort? / suppose that could work. I think / don't think that would work.
b   Choose the best solution you discussed in a and write a short paragraph about it for a blog. Describe the problem and give instructions for solving it.
61
4 VOCABULARY DIY and repairs, paraphrasing
a   Look at the photo of the shop. What kinds of things does it sell? Do you ever go to shops like this?
b 06,15 Listen to somebody asking about things in a DIY store. Which two of the four objects above does he want to buy?
c   Listen again and complete the conversation. Then practise it with a partner.
A Excuse me.
B Yes, can I help you?
A Yes, please, I'm 1_for some... Sorry,
I don't know the 2_ _. They're the
3_that you put into wood. I want to make
some shelves.
B You mean screws?
A Ah, yes, that's it. And I need one more thing. My
4_doesn't s_ , I need a new, er...
B Light bulb? A Yes, thank you.
B You'll find them both over there, behind the gardening things.
d   O Communication What's it called? A p .109
B p.112 Explain what you want to buy to a partner.
e  © p.161 Vocabulary Bank DIY and repairs
5 PRONUNCIATION consonant clusters
fcj Consonant clusters
Some words have three (or even four) consonant sounds together, and these can be difficult to pronounce, These are common:
1 in words beginning with scr, spr, or str, e.g. script, spring, struggle
2 in the middle of a word, e,g sunglasses, describe
3 when you add an -s to a word ending in two consonant sounds, e.g. pounds.
a   06.19 Listen and repeat the groups of words.
1 screw  screwdriver  scream   screen string stress   stream straight
2 paintbrush  toothbrush   electrician handle
3 needles  shelves  lamps bulbs
b  Practise saying the sentences.
1 I need some screws and a screwdriver.
2 Go straight down the next street.
3 Two elec trie to ot h b ru sh e s, pi ea se.
4 That's strange - this string's not very strong.
5 Put some new bulbs in the lamps.
6 LISTENING & SPEAKING
a Have you ever been to IKEA or similar stores that sell self-assembly (or flat-pack) furniture? Did you buy anything there? What?
b  Look at the cartoon with the article below. What problem does it show?
c   Read about IKEA. What information in the article...?
1 shows that IKEA is very popular outside Sweden
2 shows that there are also problems with IKEA
It looks so easy at first..
The Swedish furniture store Ike a has transformed homes oround ihe world wilh its cheop, modern, Scandinavian style. Since it started in 1943, IKEA has olso changed the way we live: one in ten Europeans now sleeps in on IKEA bed, ond its catalogue is in more homes than any other publication, including the Bible and the complete works of Shakespeare. Bui along with the pleasure of inexpensive furniture is the pain, for example, the frustrating oneway system used to navigate the stores, or some of the strange names given to ihe products. Most of oil, I here's ihe problem of getting ihe furniture home and trying to put it together.
62
©6.20 Listen to three people describing an experience with flat-pack furniture. What did they buy? Were they happy with it in the end?
Listen again. Which speaker,,,? There is one item you do not need, A     didn't have all the parts he / she needed B ■ assembled the furniture in the wrong place C| had problems understanding what to do D      had to take the furniture apart, move it, and reassemble it E     had to return the item to the store
F H had to take the furniture apart and reassemble it without the
missing pieces G H had to get help to assemble the furniture
©6.21 Listen to some extracts from the listening and write the missing words. What do you think they mean?
1 After hours and hours, and a lot of _ , I finally managed to put it together.
2 So I had to ii to ., move all the bits into the bedroom..,
3 I'm quite_, quite practical, so I thought, 'Wo problem1,.,
4 I realised I'd put the door handle on the__
round.
5 So now at feast it has four legs, but it's rather_...
Talk to a partner. Have you ever had problems putting something together (e.g. furniture), setting something up (e.g. a new router), or mending something that was broken? What happened? Use the questions below to help you.
Describing a process
7 O VIDEO LISTENING
When and where did you do it?
Did anyone help you?
How long did it take?
What problems did you have?
How successful were you in the end?
You're going to watch a documentary about the history of flat-pack furniture. Before you watch, with a partner, guess the answers to 1-6.
1 The first flat-pack furniture was invented by a man from_.
a Sweden   b the USA   c Japan
2 He originally invented it in order to make his furniture_.
a quicker to make b cheaper to sell c easier to transport
3 He patented the idea in the_.
a 1930s   b 1950s  c 1970s
4 IKEA started selling flat-pack furniture _years later.
a 5   b 10  c 15
5 Today most people have a flat-pack _.
a bookcase  b kitchen  c bed
6 In general__people are able to
assemble flat-pack furniture.
a very few   b not many   c most
Watch the documentary once and check your answers to a.
Watch again and answer the questions.
1 What two problems does the presenter say that people talk about?
2 What kind of furniture did Sauder's company originally make?
3 What did two travelling salesmen do with one of Sauder's coffee tables?
4 What was Gillis Lundgren having a problem with?
5 How did he solve the problem?
6 what reasons are given for the success of flat-pack furniture?
7 What problem does the presenter have at the end with his bookcase?
evise and Check
GRAMMAR
(^irdjja, b, or c.
1 A What's this programme?
B I don't know. I've_turned it on,
a already  b just  c yet
2 We've never been to Madrid, but to Barcelona last year.
a we went b we've been c we've gone
3 A Shall I make some photocopies? B No, it's OK -_them,
a I already did b 1 already have done c I've already done
4 She's worked here_.
a for two months b two months ago C since two months
5 Where have you been? here since 7.00!
a I'm waiting   b I've been waiting c I've waited
6 How long       to your family? a is this farm belonging
b has this farm been belonging c has this farm belonged
7 The fields are wet. _ recently.
a It's raining a lot   b It rains a lot c it's been raining a lot
8 You       come shopping if you don't have time.
a mustn't  b don't have to c needn't to
9 I didn't have any screws, so I _ use nails instead.
a had to   b must to   c must
10 You__pay me back till next week.
a needn't  b don't need
c don't have
11 She thinks I_sell my car.
a need b ought  c should
12 When we're on holiday, go swimming every day,
a we'll can  b we'll be able to c we'll be able
13 She_to come to the party.
a might not can b might not be able c might not
14 The exam was hard, but I pass, a was able to   b could   c eoufd to
15 He_be from Parrs - he doesn't
speak French,
a could  b can  c can't
VOCABULARY
a  (^jrd^the word that Is different.
1 sheep  cow   barn hen
2 sitcom documentary episode   reality show
3 rope   drill   hammer screwdriver
4 knife   fork   tray spoon
5 mug  cup  glass saucer
Complete the words.
1 Can you % _ the TV up? I can't hear it.
2 I find some s _ operas really addictive.
3 Have you seen the weather f for tomorrow?
4 I'm not very interested in c
5 I'm watching the b
affairs programmes, set of Breaking Bad at the moment.
Write words for the definitions.
1 trees grow these in spring and lose them in autumn
2 a small, narrow river_
3 an area of low land between hills or mountains_
4 to take fruit from the plant where they are growing
5 a young sheep_
d fj5ircjg)the correct word-
1 I'm not tall enough - do you have a hammer! ladder?
2 I can't see anything. Pass me the torch / penknffe.
3 Do you have a needle and string / thread?
4 I've lost one of the nails I screws from my glasses,
5 We need to set up / put up our new computer.
e   Complete the phrases with a verb.
1 _for the bill 4 _a button back on
2 _a tip 5 _
3 an order
PRONUNCIATION
a   Practise the words and sounds.
Vowei sounds Consonant sounds
a light bulb
t ^ f  I  I I
m
computer   bull     up      nose   vase   bag    girl     leg yacht
b O P-166-7 Sound Bank Say more words for each sound.
c   What sound in a do the pfnk letters have in these words?
1 drama  2 valley  3 wood  4 knife  5 bucket
d  Underline the stressed syllable.
1 programme 3 vinegar 5 screwdriver
2 documentary 4 recommend
CAN YOU understand this text?
a   Read the article once. Choose the best option to complete the title.
1 do it myself
2 watch a video
3 cat! my dad
I won't call a professional. I'll_
T3
Si '
I
A few months ago. I'_ to open the petrol tank
of my car. When I googled, 'How to open stuck Volvo petrol tank', the first result was a video clip by a man called Robert, in Arkansas, USA. Robert demonstrated exactly how to get into the car and undo the tank from the inside. The video wasn't great, but it worked.
Every task you can think of now has a step-by-step video guide on the internet. Siobhan Freegard, who set up the online video platform Channel Mum, explains why video guides are so popular. 'I was in a cafe chatting about
.. to a young mother. We both took out our phones, and I went to the BSC food website to find one. But she searched on YouTube, For her, a video was easier than reading.'
Some of the online videos are rubbish. However, you can find some very useful ones. I've now successfully fixed a cupboard door, mended some tiles, and unblocked the sink. I am not 3_ A survey by an insurance company
found that for 01V advice, 50% of people go to YouTube first. Lisa Carney and her husband recently moved to a new house, and couldn't find reliable professionals, so she went online and found a site called DIY Doctor. Before long, she and her husband were doing the jobs * 'When l see a video of someone doing a job,' she says, 'l realize l don't always need to hire a specialist,'
People also turn to the internet because professionals are not available. William Hall moved house just after Christmas and on New Year's Eve he discovered that he had a blocked drain. He knew he wouldn't find anyone to come out that
night,s_ he watched a DIY Doctor video, which
explained exactly what to do. 'it was hard work,' said William, 'but it was so satisfying when I finally unblocked it.'
Some online videos have astonishing viewing figures. Chez Rossi runs a YouTube channel called Ultimate
Handyman, most of which is*_in his garage.
Some of his videos have been watched more than a million times, Rossi earns a couple of thousand pounds a month from adverts and he even gets recognized in the street. 'I try to make my videos idiot-proof,' he says. So next time you don't know 7_ _ to do something
around the house, don't call someone. There'll be a video that explains it all.
b  Read the article again and complete the gaps with the best word or phrase.
1 wasn't able / didn't want / didn't use
2 receipts / results / recipes
3 lonely / alone / only
4 himself / themselves / herself
5 because / so / although
6 kept / seen / filmed
7 what / how/when
Q CAN YOU understand these people? )6,22 Watch or listen and choose a, b, or c.
Rafael
Melanie
Royce
Julia
Lynn
1 Rafael sometimes watches__
a foreign TV shows
b TV in bed
c more than three hours TV a day
2 Metanie prefers the city to the country because_.
a it's where she's always lived
b she hates it when it's too quiet c it's more lively
3 Royce gets annoyed when waiters_.
a overcharge him
b ignore him
c are rude to him
4 Julia doesn't always know how much to tip 3 waiters
b hairdressers c taxi drivers
5 Lynn redecorated her bedroom_,
a on her own
b three years ago c last weekend
CAN YOU say this in English?
Tick [/) the box if you can do these things. Can you...?
1 talk about TV series you've watched and how many episodes you've seen in one go
2 H say three things you've been doing recently
3 talk about things you should or shouldn't do when you're eating out
4 I talk about things you are or aren't able to fix in
your home
Glossary
drain a pipe that takes away dirt/ water or other liquid waste
Take your cash
G phrajal jei-bi I V cash machines; phrasal verbs | P linking
Cut it in half What shall I    and throw it do with myoid away, credit card?
way.
1 VOCABULARY cash machines
a   Look at the message on the screen below. What are the missing words? How do you feel when you see this message? What do you do?
We're sorry. This 1__
is temporarily3__       of 2_
Please try again later.
Read the text and answer the questions.
1 Why did John Shepherd-Barron come up with the idea of a cash machine?
2 Why do we usually have a four-digit PIN and not a six-digit one?
3 How much money could you take out of the first cash machines?
4 What things does the text say you can do at a cash machine nowadays? Can you think of any other things?
c   Look at screen instructions 1-9 telling you how to take money out of a cash machine. Match each screen to its meaning,
A Choose 'Withdraw cash' from the main menu.
B Decide if you want a receipt, and press YES or MO,
C Choose the language you want.
D Take your card out of the machine.
E Choose or key in the amount of money you
want to take out, Then press ENTER. F Put your card into the machine. G Key in your four-digit PIN. Then press
ENTER.
H Choose the bank account you want to use, I  Take your money out of the machine within 30 seconds.
d   ($7.1  Listen and check.
e   Match the formal words from the screens to their synonyms,
1 insert       a key in
2 enter        b choose
3 select      c put in
4 ft withdraw   d takeout
5 remove     e take money out of a
bank account
I Welcome to your ATM
Over fifty years ago, on 27th June 1967, the world's first ATM {Automated Teller Machine) was opened at a branch of Barclays Bank in north London. Today, we think nothing of stepping up to a hole in the wall when we need cash, but until the late 1960s, banks were only open until 3.30 p.m. John Shepherd-Barren, Managing Director of a banknote manufacturer, found his bank was closed when he needed some money. In the bath later that evening, he came up with the idea of something similar to a chocolate bar vending machine, with cash replacing the chocolate. Within days, Barclays agreed to create the first cash machines, Shepherd-Barron, a former soldier, suggested a six-figure personal identification number, based on his army number, But his wife Caroline said she could only remember four digits, so he settled on the four-digit PIN we use today. The first cashpoint only allowed the customers to take out £10 at a time, in £1 notes. Nowadays, you can do many other things at an ATM, for example, print a bank statement, or top up your phone, and new machines will even allow customers to print digital photos.
How to use an ATM to withdraw cash
i J
Do you want a receipt?
El
m
LISTENING & SPEAKING
a   ® 7.2 Listen to two true news stories about ATMs and look at the pictures. What did each machine give out? Did both the stories have a happy ending?
b   Listen again and answer the questions about each story.
Story 1
1 What happened when people heard about the machine?
2 How many people used the machine and for how long?
3 What kind of people were they?
4 Why did some people become aggressive?
5 What did the police do?
6 What did the bank say?
Story 2
1 What was the man doing when he locked himself in?
2 What did he leave in his van?
3 Why was this a problem?
4 How did he try to get help?
5 What did customers think at first?
6 What did the police do?
Look at two extracts from the stories. Why do you think the villager and the man 'asked not to be named'?
Story 1: 'One villager, who asked not to be named, said that some people had used five or six bank cards and had got £300 free with each card.'
Story 2: 'A man, who asked not to be named, had locked himself in.'
Talk to a partner.
1 How often do you use cash machines? What do you use them for?
2 Have you ever had a problem with a cash machine? What happened? What did you do?
3 If a cash machine gave you more money than you asked for, what would you do?
VOCABULARY & GRAMMAR phrasal verbs Circle the phrasal verb which you can't use with the bold
noun.
1 giveaway
2 close down
3 look for
4 throw away
5 grow up
settle down switch off try on set up
put together
take out turn up look round take out take apart
some money the TV a sweater some rubbish a bookcase
b   Q p.162 Vocabulary Bank Phrasal verbs
Read the sentences in groups 1-4 and tick [/) the one(s) where the word order is correct.
1 He gave away his money. He gave his money away.
2 We asked for the bill. We asked the bill for.
3 She got up early. She got early up.
He gave it away, He gave away it.
We asked for it, We asked it for.
She early got up.
I'm looking forward to my holiday. I'm looking forward my holiday to. I'm looking forward to it. I'm looking forward it to.
d  © p-144 Grammar Bank 7A
PRONUNCIATION linking
Linking
Remember that when a word ends with a consonant and the next word begins with a voweL the words are linked together and pronounced like one word.
If the final consonant is w, a u sound is pronounced between the two words, e.g, throw it is pronounced
flraowitA
Match 1-6 to a-f.
1 I The machine says'Insert your card', a
2 Your shoes are really dirty. b Waiter, I can't finish this steak. c This chicken's past its sell-by date. d The rubbish is beginning to smell. e It's probably on Wikipedia. f
Take it out. Throw it away Put itjn. Take it away. Look it up. Take them
b O7.9 Listen and check.
c   0)710 Listen and repeat a-f, linking the words.
d   Work with a partner. A cover a-f. B say a sentence from 1-6. A say a response from a-f from memory. Then swap roles.
e  ©7.11 Listen to the sentences. Make a second sentence with a phrasal verb from the list and a pronoun (ft, me, or therm).
fill in   pay back   pick up   put away switch off try on  turndown turnup
1 >) You owe me money. (^J*ay me back.
5 5PEAKING
Answer the questions with a partner, Give background information, and details or examples where you can.
e
/ fent some money to my brother a few months ago because...
Have you ever lent money to someone? Did they pay you back?
Do you think it's possible today for couples to live on one salary? Why (not)?
Have you ever tried to do something and given up?
What was it? Why did you give up?
When you started school (or university), did you find it difficult to fit in?
What would you do if a friend borrowed your tablet, but it didn't work when he or she gave it back?
If someone offered to take you out for a meal to a
restaurant of your choice, where would you go?
Who do you take after most in your family? In what way?
When you get a missed call, do you call back immediately, later, or not at all?
Have you ever left something on a bus or train, or in a taxi?
Did you ever get it back?
Is there a new hobby or sport you'd really like to take up? Will you ever do it?
When was the last time you gave
something away? Who to? Why?
re
Ť3
13 j1
ti I
6 READING
a   Look at six ways of spending money. Which three do you think would make you happiest? Compare with a partner.
• going on a luxurious holiday
* buying a birthday present for a friend » giving a donation to charity
« paying off your credit card bill
* buying yourself some new clothes
• giving a few coins to a homeless person
b   Read a short article about the relationship between money and happiness- According to research, which three things in a will make you happiest? Why?
Can money buy you happiness?
According to research, it seems that it can. But what makes us really happy is not buying ourselves the Latest iPhone, it's spending our money on other people. I n a siu dy of the ii nk between money and happiness, researchers from Zurich University divided 50 people into two groups. The first group was asked to plan how to spend 25 Swiss francs a week on gifts or outings for other people, and the second group was asked to plan how to spend the same amount of money on themselves. The people in the first group increased their happiness more than the group who planned to buy themselves treats. Spending on ourselves, it turns out, doesn't make us nearly as happy as giving to other people. Other studies in which people have been given envelopes of money to spend show that those who spent some of it on a gift, or gave some to charity, felt hap pier than those who spen t it on something for themselves or on a bill they needed to pay. A study of young children found that even toddlers felt happier giving rather than getting treats. And the best news is that you don't have to give a lot of money away to feet the benefits.
Glossary
treat (nou.'i) stli vety pleasant and enjoyable
Now read an article about Grayden Reece-Smith. Why did he decide not to work for a charity? Do you think it was a sensible choice?
He gives away his salary to save the world
Working for it big financial company in London on a six-figure salary, you might expect Grayden Rcecc-Smith to 1   , going on expensive holidays or chiving a spoils car around smith London, when- lit liu-s. In fact, the 2f!-year-old lives   very different existence Irani his colleagues. He 2 a figure that he calculated he could com Ion ably live on.
Over the past five years, Recce-Smith has handed over mure than £25fJ,0OO to organizations such as International Care Ministries, which 3   , and the Against Malaria Foundation. He is part of a growing number of ynyng professionals described as 'effective altruists1. Effective altruists typically donate regularly to a charily which they think will have a significant imparl, Some A     to make more money, which can die 11 he given away.
Reecc-Smith considered working in the charity sector alter graduating from university, but calculated that he could mate a bigger diH'emice In-donating a large part of his salary. He had5    at a school in Tanzania', bul then realized dial earning and giving would be more effective. 'The com of my flights there could have paid the salaries or two teachers lor an entire year,' he says. Instead, he could stay at home, living a nice life and still4 .*
He is nol fmgal ■ last year he went to Cuba cm holiday, and '    . But his lifestyle isn't as luxurious as some oíthe people he works with. '1 lend not to buy supermarket-branded food producIs. but I don't 6   . Other people on my salary might have a bigger house, Some of my colleagues have four-bedroom houses, but \w only bought what we. needed   a two-bedroom Hat. ^"-t'J.Hdii i* nu ne than enough to live on and still save,1 he says.
Read the article again and complete it with verb phrases A-H
A change careers B gives away everything he
earns over £42,000 C have an extravagant lifestyle D helps poor families in the
Philippines
E make a huge difference in the
world F own a car
G spent several thousand
pounds on a new sofa H volunteered as a teacher
e   © Communication Giving it away A p.110 B p.113 Read about two more people who give money away and tell your partner about them.
f   Which of the three stories did you find the most inspiring? Have you ever helped to raise money for a good cause? What was it for? Did raising the money make you happy?
r,
Shall we go out or stay in?
G verb patterns! V live entertainment | p homographs
No. i prefer
Do you       Spending time enjoy going  with my friends to dubs? at home.
1 VOCABULARY live entertainment
a  Talk to a partner,
1 How often do you go to live events, e.g. concerts, the theatre, sporting events, etc?
2 What was the last live event you went to?
3 Where are the best places to go for live entertainment in your (nearest) town / city?
b   ® 7.12 Listen to conversations 1-3. Match them to the events below. Are the people talking before, during, or after the event?
a concert a play a sporting event
c   Look at the list of words related to live entertainment and listen again. Who says each word, speaker 1,2, or 3?
box office      crowd half-time performance      stadium stage
interval matinee stalls / circle
d   Write the words from c in the correct column. Then add these words to the chart.
areria  audience  curtain  extra time  fans  final whistle opponent   plot   programme   row  scene score spectators tickets
2 PRONUNCIATION homographs
a   ©7,14 Listen and repeat the sentences. What do the highlighted words mean in each sentence? Which two pairs of words are pronounced differently?
1 a We went to a live concert last weekend, b We live next to the concert hall.
2 a We're massive fans of Ed Sheeran. b The air conditioning has broken, so
we've bought two electric fans.
3 a We sat in the back row, so we couldn't
hear very well, b After the concert, we had a terrible row.
4 a We had really good seats for the play-
we were right next to the stage, b My son is at a stage of life where all he's interested in is his phone.
b   Read the information box. What kind of homograph is each pair of words in a?
Sporting event	Play, musical, or concert	Both
		
e  07.13 Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words in each column.
Homographs
1 Some words in English are spelled and pronounced exactly the same, but have different meanings, e,g, sraJIs (a place where people sit in the theatre, tables where people self things in a market), park (a green area in a town, to leave your car somewhere).
2 A few words are spelled the same, but pronounced differently and have different meanings, e.g. bow Km (to put your head down, e.g. at
the end of a concert or play when people are dapping), but bow h.n> (a weapon that you use to shoot an arrow).
70
Match the pairs of meanings to the words from the list.
SPEAKING & WRITING
bear close
lie
minute
second
wind
1 a {verb) the opposite of open, b (ad/) a synonym for near
2 a {noun) a 60th part of a minute, b the ordinal number from two
3 a (noun) air that moves quickly, b (verb) to turn a knob or handle round several times to make something work, e,g, a watch or toy
4 a (ad/) tiny, very small, b (noun} a 60th part of an hour
5 a (verb) accept and deal with sth unpleasant, b (noun) a heavy wiid animal with thick fur and sharp claws
6 a (verb) say sth which is not true, b (verb) put yourself in a horizontal position, e.g. in bed
07.15 Listen and check. In which three pairs of words is the pronunciation different?
LISTENING
Do you prefer going to see a concert or a sporting event live or watching it on TV? Why? Think about the following things,
atmosphere   comfort   noise people performance   safety weather
b   ©7-16 You're going to listen to three people talking about a live event they went to which they didn't enjoy. Listen to the beginning of each story. What event did each person go to? Where did it take place?
07.17 With a partner, think of all the possible reasons why each person in b might not have enjoyed the event. Then listen to the rest of the stories. What went wrong? Did you predict any of the reasons correctly?
07.18 Now listen to the three stories again and tick (/) two people for each question.
Who.,.?	Andy	Cathy	Give
1 went in the evening			
2 had good seats			
3 went to an outdoor event			
4 went with a family member			
5 waited for a long time for something to happen			
Which of the three experiences do you think was the most frustrating? Why?
You're going to tell a partner about a live event you went to [a concert, play, sporting event, or other). Read the prompts and think about what you're going to say.
what the event was
when and where it took place
who you went with
your seats
whether you enjoyed it Or not and why
if it was worth the money
what you did afterwards
b Now work in pairs. Tell each other about the event you went to. Would you like to have gone to your partner's event?
c   Write a description of the event you talked about in a, or another event. Use the prompts in a to help you.
7I
5 GRAMMAR verb patterns
a   C om p fete th e sente nee s w it h th e correc t form of the verbs in brackets (infinitive, to + infinitive, or verb + -iftg).
6 READING
Match the five games from the box to the type of game they are. Have you ever played any of them?
1 If a friend asked me .
to a classical _no, (go, say)
music concert, I think I'd
I love_films in 3D - they're much
better than ordinary ones, (watch) My parents didn't use to let me .
out late during the week when I was young. They wanted me _my evenings
. (stay, Spend. Study)
4 I hate_to clubs. I don't like
Candy Crush Dungeons and Dragons Poker Scrabble Sudcsku
b   ®7.23 Listen and check-
board game brain-training game
card game role-playing game
video game
_in places where there are lots of
people and noise, [go, be) 5 I never feel like _ out on New Year's
Eve, I prefer_in. {go, stay)
.19 Listen and check. Then with a partner, say if the sentences in a are true for you or not, and why.
c   @ p.145 Grammar Bank 7B
d   Complete the sentences with a verb phrase so that they are true for you.
1 I'd like to be able to afford...
2 At weekends, I often spend a long time...
3 When I was young, my parents made me...
4 I don't really like housework, but I don't mind...
5 When I leave the house in the morning, I sometimes forget...
6 When I'm away from home, I really miss..,
7 Next summer, I'm planning,..
8 When I'm with friends, I really enjoy.-
e   Compare your sentences with a partner. Are any of them the same?
Read the first part of an article about board games. What is unusual about the Thirsty Meeples cafe? Where does its name come from?
A different kind of social network
^pt's a bright Thursday morning in Oxford arid the Thirsty I Meeples cafe is a buzz of activity. As I, my wife, and two I sons sit at a sunny window table, tbe assistant, Gareth, -1»introduces himself and recommends some games. First,
ui he suggests Forbidden Desert. 'You have crash-landed in a desert,' explains Gareth. 'You have to find all the pieces of a flying ship in order to escape; Next, he suggests Small World, in which wizards, giants, and humans with special powers battle for land in a world that's too small for them all. Last, he
io recommends Citadels, a game where you compete to become the King's Master Builder by building a medieval city. We choose Citadels. As we play, next to us Eveline, a 30-year-old Dutch university teacher, is playing Ticket to Hide with her Belgian husband, Roger - they are racing against each other to
is build railway tracks across Europe. Two teenagers play Sushi Go!, a card game where they have to create sushi dishes. What has drawn all these different people here, from serious gamers to families? Eveline thinks she has the answer. She looks around at the other customers and at the library of games on
20 the shelves. I would say it's the original social network."
Thirsty Meeples's name comes from the combination of 'meeples', the pieces that board gamers play with, and wanting a drink. It is one of a growing number of board game shops and cafes popping up all over the UK, inspired by their growing ?5 popularity in the USA.
d   Read the first part again and look at the photos of the games. In which game, A-E, do players have to,,.?
1      try to get an important fob
make a transport network across a continent fight others to get more living space make something to eat get out of somewhere after an accident
e   Now read the second part of the article. What are the three main reasons why board games have become so popular?
Peter Wooding, a former punk rocker, opened a board game shop called Ore's Nesl in Govern Garden, London, in 1967, For the first few years, the shop hardly made any money at all, but over 30 years later, it is thriving.
Wooding says that one of the reasons for its success is that the games and players are very different from 30 years ago. Today, they are young professional couples, who like the idea of playing a game with friends and having a few drinks, rather than going out to the pub. Another reason is that there are also far more women playing games. Wooding says the game Pandemic, where players 40 must collaborate to control global
diseases, and whose main character is a female scientist, has had a huge influence 'Much wider appeal/ says Wooding, More friendly." Pandemic is an example of is the newer, less aggressive games, with themes like farming or landscape building One such game, Cat an, in which players have to buy and sell natural resources to build roads and new cities, has sold more than 50 22 million copies in 30 languages.
The growth of the video games industry has, perhaps surprisingly, also been one of the biggest factors in the new popularity of board games, largely because they have made playing games such a normal thing for adults to do. Everyone has at least >s one game on their phone, and more people are open to the idea of playing a game than ever before. Social media has also provided: an easy way for people to recommend new games to each other.
60
At Thirsty Me spies In Oxford, I talk to owners John and Zuzi Morgan. What's Zuzi's explanation for the trend? 'There's so much technology,' she says. 'Everybody's busy and you want to bring people back together in a way that's not just staring at screens. It's a natural thing 45 in people. We are supposed to be together and communicating with each other in the real world,"
jWou connect with people across the table. It's a vary human thing.;
Matt Lea cock, creator of Pandemic
Read the second part again. With a partner, explain in your own words what these phrases mean.
1 it is thriving i.30
2 young professional couples 1.34
3 rather than going out to the pub S.36
4 much wider appeal IA2
5 one of the biggest factors J,51
6 not just staring at screens I.63 1 in the real world 1.66
g Which games in the article would you most like to try? Can you suggest any other good games?
SPEAKING
What do you like doing with friends in your free time? Tick [■/) or cross (A) the activities and add one more option in each list.
If you go out ' **x?9 at * fav°urite
J      3 restaurant
■ going to see the latest film at the cinema • going to a concert, play, or show • going to a club	* watching a live sports event * chatting in a cafe or bar *
If you stay in	• playing board games or video games
• watching a film or a box set together	• cooking and having a meai together
• getting a takeaway	• watching sport on TV
■ listening to music and chatting	*
	
Compare your list in small groups. Say why you like / don't like doing each of the activities.
Think about the last time you spent an evening with friends. What did you do? Compare with a partner.
Adapted from The Guardian
1 Q ROB GETS INVOLVED
a   07.24 Watch or listen to Jenny, Luke, and Rob talking about Henry's disappearance. What are two possible clues they notice in the video?
b   Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 Rob thinks they should ask the police for help,
2 Rob and Luke agree that they shouldn't give the laptop to the criminals.
3 Rob noticed something strange about how his father looked,
4 The phrase that really surprises Rob is 'his old dad'.
5 He doesn't know how to interpret the clue.
6 Rob has booked a flight to the UK.
7 Jenny is going to go back to Henry's house.
What do you think the clues might mean? Who do you think Simon is?
2 O TALKING ABOUT HOUSE RULES
a   07.25 Watch or listen to Luke telling Jenny about the rules in his house. Complete Rules for guests. Why does he ask her to move her car?
Rules for guests
This is a no-_ Don't COOk _
house.
or leave
in the fridge.
If you need to use the internet, the
for the wi-fi is tukeandsimonrule.
If you use the washing machine, please use the_-_
products
detergents in the cupboard.
Please help us save energy - don't use a_water programme.
There isn't a_. Hang your
clothes on the_
L.
-Je
instead.
ECOVER
DELICATE
b   Read the conversation between Luke and Jenny. Can you remember any of the missing words? Watch or listen again and check.
Luke
Jenny Luke
Jenny Luke
Jenny Luke
Jenny Luke
Jenny Luke
Jenny
Luke
Jenny
Luke Jenny
Luke
It's a great location, and the rent is cheap, but Simon can be a bit difficult. Oh, right.
He's got a few rules. After all, it is his house. That's fine.
To start with, it's a no-smoking
house.
Great.
And he's a strict vegetarian so
*__cook meat
or leave meat products in the
fridge.
Uh huh.
He just feels really strongly about
not eating *_,
That's not a 3_.
What about you? Is there* you need?
There is one thing - could I
5_ my phone to your wi-fi?
6_. The J_is
Mfeandsfrnonrufe, all lowercase, all one word. Got it.
Anything 9_?
Veah, I have some clothes I need to
wash. Is it'_if I use your
washing machine?
Of10 you can. But Simon
prefers us to use the eco-friendly
detergents. There's some In the
Cupboard.
Jenny Cool.
Luke   Oh, and you n_use a hot
water programme. He's very keen
on saving energy-Jenny OK, and 12_you
_if I use your dryer too?
Luke   13_, we don't have one,
but you can hang it out on the
washing line. Jenny Great. Is there 14_ else
I *_know?
Luke   No, I don't think 14_ _- oh!
You should probably move your car. Jenny I guess Simon doesn't like cars
either.
Luke   Well no, but it's not that. We know the kidnappers have been watching us, right? They might see it and recognize us.
Jenny You're right, I'll move it right away.
Luke   Look, I'll come with you and we can get a coffee. There's a nice cafe round the corner.
Jenny Thanks, Luke.
c 07.26 Watch or listen and repeat the highlighted phrases. Copy the rhythm and intonation.
d   Practise the conversation in b with a partner.
e   O Communication Renting a room A p.109 B p.114. Role-play two conversations,
3 O TAKING A RISK
a   07.27 Watch or listen to Jenny and Luke discussing the situation with Rob. Where are they going to go tonight? Why?
b Watch or listen again and answer the questions,
1 Who is more optimistic at the beginning, Jenny or Luke?
2 Has Rob managed to get a flight to London? Why (not)?
3 What does Rob think the words 'old man' might refer to?
4 What does he think Luke and Jenny need to do?
5 How are they going to get to the house?
6 Why does Luke know the back way well?
What do you think will happen when they go to the house?
£) British and American English
flashlight = American English  torch = British English
c   Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?
9 Social English
1 Jenny It's all_a mess.
2 Jenny I hope_. I just don't know.
3 Jenny Any_?
4 Rob     I know, but I'll_trying.
5 Rob    I've been thinking about Dad's message.
That 'old man'_.
6 Jenny Did you_that?
d   07.28 Watch or listen and complete the phrases. Then watch or listen again and repeat-
e   Complete conversations A-F with Social English phrases 1-6. Then practise them with a partner.
A     What do you want to talk to Jim about?	'family argument'      We need to agree what to do.
Q     That was my sister on the phone.	How's it going with the new boyfriend?
C        So what's his address?	241 Willow Road, Flat 3, SW7 2TM.
No, can you give me the postcode again, please?	
D         Why don't we go for a walk? It's    lovely day.	Yes, let's do that,
E        I don't think I'll ever be able to play this music. It's just too difficult.	You have to    In the end you'll succeed.
F        Do you think you'll pass your driving test?	I've had loads of lessons and I've been practising a lot, too.
CAN YOU...?
ask about the rules in a house
explain the rules in a house
suggest and agree on a plan of action
Treat yourself
I love your nails! Where did you have them done?
At that nail bar near my office
G have something done! V footing after yourself IP sentence stress
W
GRAMMAR have something done Look at the photos. Who.,,?
3
9m
1 I is cutting his hair 5
2 is having his hair cut 6
3 is doing her nails 7
4 is having her nails done 3
are painting their flat
having their flat painted is taking g phgtq is having her photo taken
© p.146 Grammar Bank SA
Cover the sentences in a and say what's happening in each photo.
PRONUNCIATION & SPEAKING sentence stress
08.2 Listen and repeat the sentences. Copy the rhythm. Then say if any of them are true for you.
1 I had my hair cut last week
2 I usually have my food shopping delivered.
3 I ought to have my eyes tested.
4 I'm going to have rny flat repainted soon.
5 I hate having my photo taken.
Ask and answer the questions with a partner. Give more information where you can.
VOCABULARY & LISTENING
looking after yourself
a   Have you ever had any of these hairstyles? Would you like to have any of them?
Do you ever..,? How often?
have your hair dyed
have your clothes dry-cleaned
have your passport or ID card renewed
have your car washed
have prints made of your digital photos
have takeaway food delivered
Have you ever...?
had clothes made for you
had your bedroom redecorated
had your photo taken by a professional photographer
had your fortune told
	4iL
	
	
	
	
b  O P-163 Vocabulary Bank Looking after yourself Do Part 1.
c   You're going to listen to an interview with Dino Karveli,
a hairdresser. First, in pairs, read the interview questions and guess the missing words.
DINO KARVELI
m
DINO KARVELI is a hairdresser in London. His parents □re Or ana he came to live in London in 1990. He has been working as a hairdresser since 1993.
hairdressing«
did you do?
or
doing
For a hairdresser?
Q What made you Q What sort of =_ Q What sort of things do you 3
hairdressing? Q What do you think are important5 Q Are *_ clients very different from 7_
Q What do you do if a client doesn't like the 8
Q Hove you ever hod a really bad *_?
Q Is it true that hairdressers always want to ,0._
than their clients want? Q If you completely 11 with what a client wanted, would
you still do it?
off more hair
Q Do you hove any ,s_
for having good hair?
d  08.4 Listen and check,
e  08.5 Now listen to the whole interview. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences,
1 Dino's father was a barber in Greece.
2 When he came to the UK, he trained with Vidal Sassoon for two years.
3 He does a wide variety of hair treatments,
4 He thinks it's important for hairdressers to be good listeners.
5 He thinks men get just as stressed about their hair as women.
6 It's difficult to fix a mistake in hair colour.
7 A woman once got very upset with him because he cut her hair very short-
8 Hairdressers often think a client's hair needs to be cut more.
9 Dino would never say no to a client's request.
10 He thinks to have good hair, you need to go to a good hairdresser.
f   Do you usually go to the same hairdresser? Do you think he / she would agree with what Dino says? Do you think it's true that women care more about their hair than men?
A 5PEAKING
a  What do you think the phrase 'to have a bad hair day' means? Have you had one recently?
b  Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
Which hairstyles are vpry popular at the moment for a) men, b) women?
How long have you had your current hairstyle or colour? What was your hair like before?
What's the best or worst haircut you've ever had?
Is there a hairstyle you would never have?
Do you know anyone (friends, family, celebrities) who has really great or really terrible hair? What's it like?
Do you think having a good hairstyle is important? Why (not)?
5 VOCABULARY
yourself
looking after
6 READING & LISTENING
Look at the advert for a spa and gym, Would you like to go there? Do you have any similar places near where you live?
find £r Body
ELLBEING CENTRE
Our UOGm? WeLLb-eing Centre offers you everything you need to recharge your mind and body,
* The spa area has a Large pool, a hammam. and massage rooms offering a variety of treatments for the body, facials, and manicures and pedicures. The whoLe area is beautifully illuminated, with relaxing music, aromas, and gentle lighting.
» The gym has the most advanced fitness equipment and a spacious aerobics studio. Yoga, t'ai chi, and Pilates classes are also oFfered, either individually or in groups.
• The Lounge and bar area offers a healthy as sortie.it of all-organic sr.ac<s and juices.
b   O p.163 Vocabulary Bank Looking after yourself Do Parts 2 and 3.
c   If you went to the Wellbeing Centre in a for a day, what would you choose to do
and why?
SPA TRE
NTS-
WOMEN LOVE THEM.
CAN MEN ENJOY THEM TOO?
The Sunday Times decided to find out. Two of their journalists, Joanna Duckworth and Stephen Bleach, went to spend a day at a health spa and try out the treatments. These are some of the treatments they had:
kanebo kai zen facial
Deep ittlensive cleaning with face and neck manage. 1 hr 40 minutes.
bam an a, papaya. and strawberry body polish
Leaves your skin feeling smooth and kydrated. Includes head mtisiage. 40 minutes.
E
I
ft ± I—
e
elemis foot treatment Pedicure and foot massage, 55 minutes.
a   Read the introduction to the article. Why did the journalists go to the spa? Which treatments do you think a) Joanna, b) Stephen will like best?
b  Read about the facial. Why did Stephen score the treatment only 4/10? Why did Joanna give it 9/10?
c   ®8.8 You're going to listen to Stephen and Joanna talking after two more treatments. First, listen to some extracts and write the missing words. Which comments are positive and which are negative?
1 It was hot and_, and incredibly_.
2 And the head massage was__.
3__the time and money,
4 A real_.
7a
THE FACIAL
STEPHEN
Laura, the therapist, started by suggesting five different products for me to use every morning, and five more at night. f was shocked - it normally only takes me a minute to wash my face in soap and water in the morning. The actual treatment took nearly two hours. Laura used 12 different creams and things on my skin and I was very bored indeed. Afterwards, I had tu admit my face felt quite different: it was much smonrher and quite shiny. But I'm not sure I liked it. E don't think smooth and shiny is a good look for me.
My score: 4/10. Quite nice, but It went on forever. JOANNA
The therapist told me that the treatment would last nearly rwo hours, Total bliss! But I knew Stephen would be bored, and wC weren't having lunch until after the session, so he wouldn't be able to relax, He's terrible when he's hungry. 1 had more processes (exfoliation, cleansing, masks, massages, more masks, more massages) than I ever thought possible for a facial, and I enjoyed every second.
My score: 9/10. My skin felt fantastic, really healthy, and afterwards, I was completely re law j.
d   03.9 Now listen to them talking and complete the chart.
		Stephen	Joanna
The body polish	Score out of 10		
	Reasons		
The foot treatment	Score out of 10		
	Reasons		
e   Did you predict correctly in a which treatments Joanna and Stephen would like best? Which of the three treatments do you think you would enjoy the most?
f   Oo you know anyone who has health and beauty treatments regularly? How important do you think it is to look after aj your face and skin, b} your hair, c) your hands and feet?
7 SPEAKING
a   Look at the categories below. In pairs, add more ways of looking after yourself to each category. Then try to agree on the three things that you think are the most important.
keeping fit
walking, e.g, to work
being healthy
using sunscreen
boosting
your brainpower
reading (books / newspapers, etc.)
/ think it's really important to walk a tittle fait every day/} ^Ves, bur going to the gym regularly is better exerase.
b   Read the ideas below about encouraging healthy eating in schools. Which ideas do you think would work best?
• Offer all children a healthy breakfast at school.
• Make all pupils and teachers eat school lunches together,
• Produce a free recipe book of easy meals to encourage parents not to buy ready-meals.
• Set up classes to teach children how to cook cheap, healthy meals.
• Ban machines selling sweets, crisps, or soft drinks in schools, ■ Provide free, healthy snacks such as fresh fruit or cereal bars.
• Stop fast food restaurants opening near schools.
c   You're going to create and present a campaign to help
young people to eat healthily. In groups of three, plan your campaign:
1 Choose three main proposals for the campaign. Use some of the ideas in b, or your own ideas,
2 Think of a name for your campaign. Decide why your campaign is important
3 Think of reasons why people should support your campaign.
d   In your groups, decide what each person is going to say, Then practise presenting to each other. Use the language from the Presenting a campaign box,
Presenting a campaign
Our campaign is carted-.
We think this campaign is vital because..,
Recent research suggests that...
Our plan has three main proposals. Firstly., „ Secondly,, „ Lastly,, We think you should support our campaign because...
Present your campaign to the class, and listen to the other groups. Have a class vote to choose the best campaign.
'"Our campaign is called 'Cook at school'. We think this campaign
is vital because nowadays, many young people and their parents
don't know how to cook real food... V
Sites and sights
G the passive! V wars and battles, hi stone buildings IP silent consonants
Where was the Düke of Wellington
buried?
In St Paul's cathedral - his tomb is in the crypt.
1 GRAMMAR the passive
a   Read the History Quiz questions and check you understand them. Then do the quiz in small groups.
1
I
Napoleon was defeated in the battle of Waterloo. Where is Waterloo?
a Belgium  b France  c England
Whose fleet was attacked in Pearl Harbor in 1941?
a the British fleet  b the Japanese fleet C the American Beel
Which city, which had been divided by a wall for 39 years, was reunified in 1980?
a Belfast  b Berlin  c Sarajevo
Which city has a church which was started in 1882 and is still being built?
a Barcelona  b Florence  c Paris
Which city, which according to legend fought a famous war against Greece, has never been located for certain?
a Atlantis  b Timbuktu  c Troy
Which pre-Columbian city was built by the Mayans between 750 and 900 AD?
a Machu Picchu  b tätlichen Itza  c Tennchlillnn
Which American president was assassinated while he was being driven through Dallas in 1963?
a (;cr,ilil Ford   b lohn F Kennedy  c Richard Nixon
Which city had to be evacuated in Iflflfi after a catastrophic nuclear accident?
a Chernobyl  b Fukushima c Pripyat
b   3810 Listen and check.
c   Underline all the examples of the passive in the quiz questions. What form of the passive are they?
d   © p.147 Grammar Bank 8B
e   In pairs, write three questions for a History Quiz about your country. Ask the class your questions.
2 READING & VOCABULARY
wars and battles
a   Look at the photos and label 1-5 with words from the list. What do you think is happening?
archer  arrow   bow  helmet shield
Read the information on p.81 from a website about the Battle of Hastings. Were you right about what was happening in the photos in a? Then match 1-5 on the map to the places from the list.
Battle       Bayeux Hastings Norway       Stamford Bridge
I VISIT | ABOUT US | SUPPORT US | LEARN | SHOP | JOIN | Q
THE BATTLE THAT CHANGED ENGLAND'S HISTORY
Every year, on 14th October, a famous battle is re-enacted on the exact site where the original battle took place. Over 600 people dress up in period costumes and bring the story of an I Ith century battle to life. The Battle of Hastings, which was fought in 1066, is one of the best-known events of English history, when William of Normandy defeated the army of King Harold of England. This marked the end of the Anglo-Saxon era and the beginning of Norman rule.
1066 was a turbulent year for England. King Harold had succeeded his brother-in-law. Edward, as King of England, but he was being
attacked by others who wanted to rule the country - the King of Norway, and Duke William of Normandy {in what is now France). The Norwegians invaded in the north, and were defeated by the English army at the battle of Stamford Bridge on 25th September, but soon after, the Normans landed in Sussex on the south coast, and made their tamp near the small seaside town of Has ling s,
ENGLAND
London "
Sussex ' j
English ChO
FRANCE
The English army immediately travelled south. On 13th October, after covering 275 miles, they arrived exhausted near Hastings, and on the morning of 14th, the two armies met in a field about 7 miles north-west of the town. Each army had between 5.000 and 7.000 men. They had similar armour and weapons, but William had over 2.000 cavalry, whereas the English fought on foot. William also had archers with powerful bows.
The battle lasted all day. The English soldiers used their shields to protect, themselves against the Normans' arrows, but gradually the Normans gained control, and in the last attack. King Harold was killed. The English lost the battle, and on Christmas Day, William of Normandy was crowned King of England. He later became known as William the Conqueror.
In 1071L King William built an abbey on the site where the battle had taken place, as a memorial to all those who had died. Although no relics of the battle have ever been found there, we have very strong evidence that it took place, because an enormous tapestry was made - nearly 70 metres long - showing the story of the battle. This tapestry, which was completed in about 1077, is known as the Bayeux tapestry, and it has been kept in France for nearly 1,000 years. It can be visited in a museum in the town of Bayeux, Normandy.
William's abbey was called Battle Abbey, and the town thai grew up nearby was also called Battle. The whole of the town would once have been part of the battlefield; lor example, Harold's soldiers almost certainly retreated up what is currendy Battle high street. Although the abbey was destroyed by King Henry VIII in the 16th century, the ruins and the battlefield remain one of the most atmospheric historical sites in Britain today.
Normandy
Read the information again. Number the events in chronological order.
Battle Abbey was built. Battle Abbey was destroyed. }  Harold became King of England. King Harold was killed. The Bayeux tapestry was finished. The Battle of Hastings was fought between the English and the Normans. The Normans landed in Sussex. The town of Battle was named after the battle that took place there.
The Norwegians attacked the north of England. William became King of England.
Look at the highlighted verbs related to wars and battles. Which one is irregular? What is the infinitive? Guess their meaning from the context.
3 SPEAKING
a   Talk to a partner.
1 Have you ever visited a famous historical site? Where? When? What happened there?
2 In your country, are there any famous historical events that are re-enacted? Have you ever watched or taken part in one?
b  © Communication Local history A p,110 B p.114
Role-play being a tourist and ask your partner about the history of your local area.
2 I
8. s
1
Hi
81
4 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
historic buildings; silent consonants
a   Complete the names of five historic British buildings with a word from the list.
Abbey  Castle   Cathedral   Palace Tower
St Paul's
b ® 8.12 Listen and check. Which are the two oldest buildings?
c   Read the definitions for parts of a building. Then look at ail the photos on p.82-3. Which things can you see?
aisle ::i  a side passage between rows of seats in a
church or theatre column ,'kol,titi a tall, solid, vertical post, usually round
and made of stone crypt knpi a room under the floor of a church, used
especially in the past for burying people dome daOm a round roof with a circular base gallery tjivkii i a raised platform along the inner wall of
a building
nave nor. the long central part of a church where most
of the seats are tomb m:m a large grave, especially one built of stone
above or below the ground
d  Which consonants are not pronounced in these words? Cross them out.
aisle   castle   column tomb
e Listen and write five sentences which
include common words with silent consonants. Be careful with your spelling!
LISTENING
a   Read about St Paul's Cathedral in London and look at the photos. What famous event took place here in 1981? Do you know anything else about the cathedral?
Welcome to St PAUL'S
CATHEDRAL
When you tome to St Paul's, we hope to give you a visit you will remember, Wilh your sightseeing ticket, you can walk in the footsteps of royalty on the Cathedral floor, climb the dome to try the unique acoustics of the Whispering Gallery, go even higher to enjoy some of the most spectacular views over London, or head down to the crypt where our nation's heroes are buried. Guided tours available on request.
®8.14 Listen to extracts from a guided tour of St Paul's Cathedral. Follow the route and number the places the guide talks about 1-6.
North Quire Aisle
South Quire Aisle
v
■a a
■8
entrance to Crypt
-yrrrrrrrrr
©8.15 Now listen to the first part of the tour and
complete the notes,
The West Door and the Nave
• The previous church burned down in 1_ _, in
the Great3 _ofJ_ _.
* The new*_
s
was designed by Sir
Wren
metres tali and are only
visits.
« The doors are*
opened when, e.g. the • The Nave is a good place to see the
_of the cathedral.
©8.16 Now listen to the rest of the guided tour. Pause after each area and take notes. What does the guide say about these people and things?
The Dome
• the cross
• the height of the Dome
• something that was true until the 1960s
The South Transept
• Horatio Nelson The South Quire Aisle
• the statue of John Donne
The Whispering Gallery
• the number of steps you have to climb
• the reason the gallery gets its name
The Crypt
• the famous people in the tombs
• the Latin words on Wren's tomb
Would you like to do the tour of St Paul's Cathedral? Are there any other historic buildings in London that you would like to visit?
SPEAKING & WRITING
a   Tell a partner about a famous building you've visited. Use the questions to help you and add your own ideas. Include any interesting details or anecdotes that you can remember.
A FAMOUS BUILDING
• Where is it?
■ When was it built?
• What was it used for originally?
• What is it used for now?
• What did you learn about it while you were there?
• How long did you spend there?
■ How much did you have to pay to visit it? ~*49(H
• Would you recommend visiting it?
b  © p.121 Writing Describing a building Write a description for a tourfsm website of a building in your town or country.
7 O VIDEO LISTENING
a   Watch a documentary about the Globe Theatre. Who was Sam Wanamaker? Why did he decide to rebuild the Globe Theatre?
b  Watch again. Mark the
sentences T [true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences.
1 The first Globe Theatre was built by the Lord Chamberlain's Men In 1599.
2 The first theatre burned down in 1630.
3 It was rebuilt, but the second theatre also burned down,
4 Sam Wanamaker was not allowed to act in the USA,
5 He wanted to rebuild the Globe in Shakespeare's birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon.
6 Everyone encouraged him to go ahead with his plan to reconstruct the Globe.
7 He died in the same year as the Globe opened.
8 The indoor theatre is named after Sam Wananiaker.
c   Watch some extracts from the documentary. Then, with a partner, say what the bold words mean.
1 And it has a thatched roof...
2 He was shocked when ail he found was a dirty old plaque.
3 There are 857 seats in the stalls, and 700 people can stand in the pit...
4 All the lighting is provided by candlelight,
d   Have you ever seen a Shakespeare play? Where did you see it? Was it in your language or in English? Did you enjoy it?
evise and Check
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
jrcle)a, b, or c.
1 I didn't know the answer, so I_
onlrne.
a looked up it   b looked it up c looked up
2 Tim's upset - he_last night
a broke up with Anna b broke with Anna up c broke Anna up
3 He really doesn't get a on with his family  b on his family c on his family with
4 My new shoes don't fit, I need to_.
a take back  b take back them c take them back
5 They decided_to a concert,
a to go   b go   c going
6 You should _more careful.
a to be  b be  c being
7 Please don't keep       that noise, a to make  b make  c making
8 He wanted_him,
a me help  b me to help c that I help
9 My mother never used to let me late.
a to stay out  b stay out c staying out
Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
1 I'm going to pay someone to take my photo. I'm going to have
2 The hairdresser cut my hair last week,
I had__
_last week.
3 I'd like someone to paint my flat. I'd like to have_
4 They built the cathedral in 1443.
The cathedral__
in 1443.
5 The government should pay nurses more.
Nurses__
_more.
I don't like it when people tell me what to do.
I don't like__
what to do.
Complete the phrasal verbs. Use the correct form of the verb where necessary.
1 I tried to _ out some cash, but the ATM was out of order.
2 She away all her old clothes to the charity shop.
3 I lent him some money, but he never __me back.
4 Since our son was born, we've been on one salary.
5 I'll _ away next week. Can we postpone the meeting?
6 I'm just going out - I'll be in 15 minutes,
7 The man took her bag and then ran_.
8 She takes_her father - they're both very selfish.
9 I always feel nervous when the plane is taking_.
10 I'm going to take
yoga - everybody says it's good for you,
Write words for the definitions.
1 the place where theatre tickets are sold
2 a short period of time separating parts of a play or concert
3 the events that form the story of a novel, play, or film_
4 an afternoon performance of a play_
5 the person that you are playing against in a game
Complete the words.
1 She's had her hair d_        _ red.
2
3 ■;
6
7
My nails look terrible - I need a m
My mum used to put my hair in two pi
A m__ _is a very good way to relax.
when I was little.
It's important to do s_
after you've been running.
Queen Elizabeth II lives in Buckingham P _.
The d _on top of the cathedral is really beautiful.
8 During the cathedral tour, we went down into the cr
9 Lenin's t is in Red Square in Moscow,
10 King Harold was d
in the Battle of Hastings in 1066.
PRONUNCIATION
a   Practise the words and sounds.
Vowel sounds Consonant sounds
phone   owl   clock   boot    house witch  monkey   thumb mother
b  O p.166-7 Sound Bank Say more words for each sound.
c   What sound in a do the pink letters have in these words?
1 crowd   2 whistle  3 yoga   4 cathedral   5 tomb
d  Underline the stressed syllable.
1 performance   2 audience   3 aerobics  4 pedicure   5 column
84
CAN YOU understand this text?
a   Read the extract from a website. Would you like to visit the Roman Baths? Why (not)?
VISIT BATH
things to do > roman baths
Read the extract again. Find the names for the descriptions below.
XI
3
5
E I
!
The spa city of Bath is situated on natural hot springs, and the water has played an important role throughout the city's history. The Roman Baths were constructed around 70 AD as a grand bathing and socializing centre.The Baths are now in the centre of the city, and are one of the best preserved Roman ruins in the world.
The Great Bath, which lies below street level, fs situated at the centre of the building, and here you can walk on the ancient paths, as the Romans did 2,000 years ago, 1.170.000 litres of hot water, reaching 46'C. still fill the baths every day. The Romans believed, that this was the mystical work of the gods, but we now know that the water, which comes out of the ground at the King's Spring, fell as rainwater around 10,000 bc There are statues around the terrace, from where you can look down on the Great Bath, and see the tower of Bath Abbey above you. You can visit the Roman heated rooms and changing rooms, as well as the other smaller bathing pools which were filled with warm and cold water.
With an audio guide, yoir can listen to the fascinating commentary as you slowly walk around the site. These are available in 12 different languages. A special English-speaking audio guide is also available, narrated by the travel writer Bill Bryson, who gives his thoughts and observations on all things Roman, As. well as walking around the ruins, you can explore the interactive museum, where you will find out about the lives of the people of Aquae Sol is, the Roman name for Bath,
Afterwards, try the spa water in the Pump Room, which is included in the admission price, The spa water contains 43 minerals and is believed to be very good for you. This is a unique opportunity to get a real taste tUterally!) of Roman Bath. Then go for afternoon tea in the Pump Room restaurant, where you'll be accompanied by classical music from the Pump Room Trio.
During July and August, the Roman Baths are open untiL 10.00 p.m. You can enplore them by moonlight, and by the light of torches placed around the site, which creates a magical atmosphere.
Glossary
spring a place where water comes up naturally from under the ground
a place where you can taste the spa water the Roman name for the city of Bath part of the building decorated with statues the largest bathing pool in the building ./_ the two months when you
can visit the Baths at night
. a church near the Baths the narrator of the audio guide the place where the hot water rises out of
the ground
Q CAN YOU understand these people? ©8.17 Watch or listen and choose a, b or c.
Diarmuid Victoria
Keith
Carolina
Erin
1  Diarmuid would only go to a bank if
a he was having problems with online banking b he wanted to borrow money c he needed to transfer money
2 Victoria doesn't watch the LA Dodgers much because
a they're not very good this year b she doesn't live there any more c they're In a new Series
3 Cluedo is 3 board game that_.
a Keith prefers to Monopoly
b Keith didn't use to like as a child c is similar to Monopoly
4 Carolina_.
a goes to the hairdresser's every week
b only ever has her hair cut
c once had her hair dyed super blonde
5 Erin and her husband_.
a hadn't planned to visit the Colosseum
b couldn't find the Galileo museum
c enjoyed both the Colosseum and the Galileo museum
CAN YOU say this in English?
Tick {/) the box if you can do these things. Can you...?
1 explain how to take money out of a cash machine
2 talk about what you enjoy doing when you go out or stay in
3 ■ talk about things you can have done at the
hairdresser or a beauty salon, and which ones you sometimes do yourself
4 H describe a famous building you know, including its
history
r.
r -
Total recall
G reported speech I V word building
She said she
I asked herjjhadfor90»en to phone   ' my number.
you.
vord stress
PEAKING
How easy or difficult do you find it to remember th ings? Do the questionnaire. Then compare with a partner. Give examples. Who do you think has the better memory?
I've got a good memory... or have I?
Tick (/] each statement below that is true for you.
1      I find it difficult to remember where I've put things.
Z      I usually re member faces, but I often forget people's names, even immediately after I've been introduced to them,
3 There are some English words that I find really difficult to remember, however hard I try,
4 I only remember people's birthdays because Face book reminds me.
5 I often forget my passwords, SO I usually use the Same one for everything.
6 I find it difficult to remember things in my calendar - dates and things I've planned to do,
7 I have problems remembering my PINs and passwords and I often have to reset them.
a      I can never remember anyone's phone number because my phone does it for me.
Giving examples
i often forget where I've put
things tike / such as my phone
arrd my car keys.
I have problems remembering
my passwords, for example /
for instance, when I'm shopping
online.
Which of the things in the questionnaire in a causes you the biggest problem?
2 READING
a   Look at this credit card number for 30 seconds. Then close your book and write the numbers in the correct order. How many digits could you remember?
b  You're going to read an extract from a book called How to Develop a Brilliant Memory Week by Week by Dominic O'Brien, First, took at the ten objects in the photo. With a partner, try to write the word for as many as you can.
c   Read the extract once and check your answers to b. In pairs, decide if you prefer any different objects for the numbers 0-9.
d   Reed the extract again and complete each paragraph with one of the phrases below.
A 3 story involving a chain cA 20 linked number shapes 8 think of an image similar to the shape of the number itself C memorize a sequence of up to 2,000 digits within one hour D the number picture to the thing you want to remember
e   Look at the three highlighted verbs, which are all connected to the verb remember. Match them to their meaning.
1 _help sb to remember something
2 _remember sth from the past
3 _learn sth by heart
f    Now do the task in the last paragraph of the extract. Then use the Number-Shape System and the Link Method to memorize the credit card number in a. Could you do it better than the first time?
g   Do you think the author's method is a good one? Do you know any other good ways of remembering things like PINs and passwords?
h   You're now going to do an activity called Build Words into a Picture, and use images to learn new vocabulary. Your teacher will tell you what to do.
86
How to remember
numbers
We are surrounded by numbers - PINs, codes for credit card security online accounts, or entry codes to buildings - and we are expected to memorize them all Wouldn't it he great if we could remember these numbers instantly whenever we needed them? I am not brilliant at remembering numbers, but I have trained my memory. Now I can 1   . How is this possible?
I use a method called the Number-Shape System. This is a great way to store any sequence of digits, such as PI Ms, calendar dates telephone numbers, and much longer ones as well. First, for numbers 0-9,1   ■ For example, '0' could be a ball, t could be a pencil, and soon. My suggestions Tor number* 2-9 are: 2 a swan, 3 handcuffs, 4 a sailing boat, 5 a seahorse, 6 an elephant's trunk, 7 a boomerang, Kan egg timer, and 9 a balloon on a string. You can use these ideas, or choose images of your own, for etampie, number 8 could a 1stj be a snowman.
Now you can start using the pictures, Connect 5   . So, to remind you that you have to catch a number 67 bus, imagine an elephant ('elephant trunk' - number 6) standing at the bus stop throwing a boomerang ('boomerang' - number 7); an unlikely scene, but certainly one you won't forget Or ifyou want to remember that oxygen has the atomic number 8, imagine a snowman wearing an oxygen mast- Now, suddenly, numbers come to life and are instantly mure memorable. This is called thtf Link Method. It works by linking one object to the next by creating an imaginary connection between the two items.
Vou're going to try to memorize the following 20-digit number.
79O4 62135S59940 13276
First, using the Number-Shape System, convert each number into its equivalent shape (use either your own number shapes or mine). Then connect them together using the Link Method. So to start, imagine throwing a boomerang at a balloon on a string. Continue by connecting the balloon on a string to a ball, and so on. You should now have created 4   , starting with a boomerang and ending with an elephant's trunk. Now try to write ikiwn the sequence of numbers. Score one point for each digit you can recall before making a mistake. Maximum paints: 20.
3 GRAMMAR reported speech
a   ®97l Listen to two true stories. Why were Sarah and Kim annoyed?
Can you remember who said what? Write S (Sarah), R (Rick], K (Kim), C (Caro), or M (Mum). Then listen again and check.
1 Sarah's story
'Have you seen my car keys?' 'I can't find them,' 'You've moved them.' 'Have you looked in your coat pocket?' 'They're not there.'
2 Kim's story
'I want to do something to help.'
'I'll bring a birthday cake.' 'Where's the cake?' 'I completely forgot about it.' 'It's no problem.'
Complete the sentences from b in reported speech with one word.
1 Rick asked me _
2 He told me that he
3 He said I_
had seen his car keys, _ find them.
moved them.
I
He
My sister_
She said she.
him if he had looked in his coat pocket.
me they weren't there. _that she wanted to do something to help.
5
6 i
3 After lunch, I asked her where the cake_ _,
9 She said had completely forgotten about it,
10 Mum said that it.
bring a birthday cake-
no problem.
d  © P-143 Grammar Bank 9A
e  Work in pairs. Write down three questions to ask your partner. Then ask your questions and try to remember your partner's answers. Don't write them down!
What did you have for breakfast this mcming?j Qt had coffee and toast,
f   Now test your memory. Tell a new partner what you asked your previous partner, and what he or she said,
CI asked Luisa what she'd had for breakfast this morning. She told me she'd had coffee and roasr.
adapted fro/n The Times
4 LISTENING
a   With a partner, look at the days and dates below,
Can you remember where you were? What did you do? Try to remember as many details as you can.
yesterday      last Saturday     your last morning evening birthday
31st December       1st July last year 2010
b 09.5 Listen to the first part of a radio programme about Jill Price, a woman with an extraordinary memory. Answer the questions,
1 Complete the name of Jill's condition: Highly Superior A_ _ M_.
2 How old was Jill when the condition started?
3 How does she feel about her condition?
Glossary
The Challenger explosion On 2Sth January 1966, the US space shuttle
Cn^fleng^r broke in two 73 Seconds intQ its flight, killing all seven crew members.
Listen again and answer the questions.
1 What day of the week was each of these dates? What did Jill do on each day? 24th January 1986
29th August 1980 10th January 1981
2 What is Jill's first memory? How old was she at the time?
3 What two things happened on 1st July 1974?
'.6 Now listen to the second part of the programme. Make notes to answer the questions.
1 How did Dr McGaugh test Jill's memory?
2 What does she remember happening on 16th August 1977 and 14th October 1977?
3 How was Dr McGaugh able to confirm that Jill's memories were accurate? According to Dr McGaugh's research, what are the most memorable experiences? What kinds of things is Jill good at remembering?
What kinds of things can't she remember? How many people are there with HSAM? 3 What does Jill say are the two big
problems with her condition? 9 What's the title of her autobiography? 10 Why hasn't her brother read it?
Glossary
Elvis Preiley and Bing Crosby two famous American singers
e   Would you want a memory like Jill's? Why (not)?
m;
VELCQUC TO ^ T,~'      ~ *
Ninth Ave
5 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
word building; word stress
a   Look at some words from Jilf Price's story. Complete the chart with nouns, adjectives, and adverbs formed from these words.
Noun	Adjective	Adverb
1 memory		
2		confidently
3	emotional	
4	important	
5	accurate	
6		personally
b   Q)9.7 Listen and check. Underline the stressed syllables in all the words. Practise saying them.
c   Complete some common collocations with a noun, adjective, or adverb from the chart in a.
1 I'm reading a new book about_
intelligence.
2 The witness gave a very_ description of
the suspect.
3 , I think you'-e 'Tiakir.g h big mistake.
4 The wedding last summer was a occasion.
5 In half an hour, the press office is going to make an _ announcement.
6 I can say that the business is doing well.
d   Can you remember these words? They have all come up in this lesson.
1 the adjective from atom
2 the noun from enter
3 the negative adjective from likely
4 the noun from secure
5 the noun from connect
6 the adjective from autobiography
7 the adverb from easy
8 the noun from able
9 the negative adjective from pleasant
6 SPEAKING
a   Choose two of the topics below and think about what you're going to say. Add details and give examples.
someone you know who has an incredibly good or bad memory
a memorable
moment from your school days
1
something you were made to memorize as a child and found difficult
an
unforgettable birthday or Christmas
something from your
past that you wish you could remember better
a time when you forgot an important date or appointment
Work in groups or three or four. Talk about your topics, and listen and respond to the other people in the group.
[ I'm going to teHyou about my brother, who has an I incredibly good memory...
From memory, tell the rest of the class about something someone in your group told you.
r.
Here comes the bride
he tell her ihg truth?
It wouldn't have made any difference if he'd told her.
G VI id i\Onditonal <-|nd mher uSSS of the p?i<.t !>e>rfiH-cr | V weddings | P sontcn« Slrs.-ii
1  READING & LISTENING
a   You're going to read a short story by William Somerset Maugham. Read the information about him below. Do you think it was right or wrong of him to write about people he met? Why (not)?
William Somerset Maugham
(1874-1965)_
William Somerset Maugham
(/SAfTWSet 'm.tna.') was a well-known English novelist and short story writer whose stories were often sal in China, Singapore, Burma (now Myanmar), Malaya (now Malaysia), and other East Asian countries. Maugham wrote at a time when many of these places were colonies of Great Britain. The language of his stories reflects the social and political context of the time; country and city names have since been changed and some ways of referring to people would not be considered appropriate loday. Many of the people in Maugham's stories ware real, and they were often upset to recognize themselves in his books.
b  <E>°.S Read and listen to Part 1 of Mabel. Answer the questions with a partner.
1 Who were George and Mabel?
2 Why couldn't they get married for seven years?
3 What do you think his nerve faffed him in line 13 means? Why did it happen?
4 What was George's dilemma?
5 What did he decide to do?
What do you think of George's behaviour? What do you think will happen next?
c   ®9.9 Find the following places on the map. How do you think you say them in English? Listen and check.
Bangkok   Cheng-tu Chungking Hong Kong   Manila   Saigon Shanghai Singapore   the Yangtze River Yokohama
d  ©9,10 Now listen to Part 2. Mark George's route on the map.
Mabel
Part l
Geos^ge was working in Burma for the British colonial government. He and Mabel became engaged when he was back in England. When he returned to Burma, it was arranged that she
05 would join him there in six months. But m one difficulty came up after another. Mabel's rather died, the war came, then Geoi^e was Sent to a district which was unsuitable for a white woman. In the end,
io it was seven years before she was able to start. He made all the arrangements for the marriage, which was going to lake place on the day of her arrival, and went down lo Rangoon to meet her. Then, suddenly, without warning, his nerve failed him. He had not seen Mabel for seven years. He had forgotten what she was like. She was
15 a total stranger. He felt a terrible feeling in his stomach. He couldn't go through with it. He must tell Mabel that he was very sorry, but he couldn't, he really couldn't marry her. But how could a man tell a girl a thing like that when she had been engaged to him for seven yeai's and had come 6,000 miles to marry him? He didn't have tiic nerve for
20 that either. There was a boat just about to sail tor Singapore; he wrote a letter to Mabel, and without any luggage, just in the clothes he was wearing, he boarded the boat. The letter Mabel received said:
I haw Ifctia siuUtnlif catitd tmwf    business ,mJ As nut hiw u'licn I unit It buck, t think it wthdd be much wiser if ifiT* reutnad ttr \rj:■ i" Aiif ylaiisitfivertf univrtaiii.
-I-*-—
25
Cfte'ijj. ru*
/.V niA
C. Birma
INDIAN
D3CBAH
'Siigoi,
Glossary
the war the first World War, which started in 1914
Rangoon the old name for Yangon, the largest port in Myanmar (Burma}
90
Listen again and complete Mabel's four telegrams.
How do you think George felt when he got the last telegram? What do you think he will do now?
f    Read Part 3 (don't listen yet). Continue drawing
Georges journey on the map. Then complete the gaps with an adverb or adverbial phrase from the list.
after that  already   at last   never  one morning only
Part 3
No. no. she wasn't joins to catch liim so easily. He had 1 at ready made his plans. He could catch the last ship along
the Yangtje river to Chungking. 2 _, no one could
gel there until the following spring: He arrived at Chungking, os but he was desperate now. He was not going" to take any risks. There was a place called Cheng-tu, the capital of Srechuan, and it was 400 miles away. It could
3_be reached by road, and the area was full of
thieves. A man would be safe rhere.
rr> George set out. He sighed with relief when he saw the walls of the lonely Chinese city. He could rest* . Mabel
would 3_find him there. The British consul was a
friend of his and he stayed with him in his luxurious house.
The weeks passed lazily one after the other. *_ _,
ts George and the consul were in the courtyard when there was a loud knock at the door.
g   ©9.11 Listen and check. What do you think he sighed with relief in line 10 means?
h  09,12 How do you think the story ends? Listen to Part 4 and check.
i
Discuss the questions with a partner,
1 How do you feel about what Mabel did in the story? Do you have more sympathy for Mabel or for George?
2 Do you think Mabel and George had a happy marriage? Why (not)?
2 GRAMMAR third conditional and other uses of the past perfect
a   Look at three extracts from Mabel. Which highlighted phrase...?
1 says how things could have been different in the past
2 U describes something that happened earlier
in the past
3 I reports what someone said or asked in the
past
a   He went straight to the club and asked if he had received any telegrams.
b   Then, suddenly, without warning, his nerve failed him. He had not seen Mabel for seven years,
c   It would have been terrible if [ hadn't been able to marry you after all,
b   0 p.149 Grammar Bank 9B
3 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress
a   ®9.15 Listen to five sentences. Write the stressed words in the pink rectangles,
1 When        read        email, understood
left.
2
b   Look at the stressed words and try to remember what the unstressed words are. Write in the unstressed words,
c   Listen again and check. Then listen and repeat the sentences.
d   Complete the sentences with a verb phrase in the past perfect. Then take turns to say your sentence to your partner. Are they the same?
1 I would have been very annoyed if you had.,,
2 I was really surprised when I saw him because...
3 I was furious with my mum when she told me...
^84448
4 LISTENING
5 VOCABULARY weddings
a   Read the introduction to an article and look at the photos. What two words do you think are missing from the title? With a partner, decide for each couple who you think proposed to who, and how they did it,
•Will you
?" "No, I wont,'
Look up failed marriage proposal' on YouTube ami you will find hundreds of videos of people proposing marriage and being
®ri-j(.*::t<itl. What these videos don'I offer is ;i chance to ask the people involved what the experience actually feels like. ] wanted to End out. so 1 Found two people who either turned down a proposal, or whose proposal was turned down, and asked them to tell me all about it. (Names have been changedf)
b   ©9.16 Listen to Alex and Emma talking about what happened. Are the two couples both together now?
c  Q9.17 Listen again to Alex's story. Then complete the sentences with a partner.
1 Alex didn't want to,..
2 Chloe began to talk about...
3 On 29th February, ChJoe Invited Alex to...
4 Chloe gave Alex...
5 The letters spelled...
6 Alex started putting the letters on the bracelet in...
7 Chios got upset and explained that on 29th February, women...
8 Alex didn't see her...
©9,18 Now listen again to Emma's story. Explain why the following things were important,
1 ten years
2 two years
3 the cathedra!
4 a bottle of champagne and a bunch of flowers
5 a necklace
6 a crowd of tourists
7 white and shocked
8 walking to the station
a   Look at the wedding photo opposite. Match people A-E to the words below,
the bride the (bridejgroom the best man a bridesmaid a pageboy
b   Read the magazine article about
wedding costs and complete it with the words from the list.
best man bridesmaids couples engaged guests   invitations   married reception
C   Now read the list of wedding expenses and in pairs, try to match the prices to the cost of each thing,
350 640  7,160  1.300 2,500 4,500   5,500 8,500
Venue (for the ceremony	
and the reception)..	
Five bridesmaids'	
dresses.....................	
Food.	.&
Flowers....................	.&_
Rings	A
Groom's suit...........	
Wedding dress,	
veil & shoes............	
Honeymoon............	&
	
e  What do you think about the way Alex and Emma behaved? Do you feel sorry for Chloe and Tom?
d  ©9.19 Listen and check. Do you think couples nowadays spend too much money on their wedding?
e   Talk to a partner about weddings where you live.
• Who are the main people?
• Where i s th e wed d i ng cere m ony u sua lly heid?
• What kinds of things do people wear?
• Is there usually a reception? Where?
• What kind of food and drink is typical?
• Do people make speeches?
• What else happens?
This is how much a wedding really costs!
A
jre having
3
fter we got1_
and started seriously planning our
wedding, i read ALL the wedding magazines, and they all tell you that the average cost of a UK wedding is now £25,000. After the event, ] can tell you that unless you
he 2_ . in your garden, and are only inviting ten
, this ts jusr not true.
"5
B
a,
§
We didn't have an enormous wedding. We got'_ in a
country house in Surrey, and invited about 100 people, which J think is the average, judging by every other wedding I've been to. We saved money where we could- We were very lucky because friends designed
the5_, and did the music and photography for free. My sister
made the cake, and my parents paid for the drinks. We bought the
dresses for the h_and the suit for the ?_ready-made
from a department store.
Still, we ended up spending over £30,000, and if we hadn't had very kind and helpful friends, it would Ve been more like £35>000. Just to
give other*_a Httle bit of guidance, J'm sharing some of our
biggest expenses with you so it'll hopefully be a bit less of a shock when you get the bills!
6 SPEAKING
a   Look at some controversial statements about weddings. Decide whether you agree or disagree. Think of reasons why and examples to support your opinion.
■^T)  It should be the woman who proposes -■^ to the man because it's usually the woman who wants to get married.
\2)  It's better to marry for money or security than to marry for love.
It's completely unacceptable to ask for money as a wedding present.
Parents choose better partners for their children than the children choose for themselves.
You shouldn't invite people you don't like to your wedding, even if they are relatives.
Brides en|oy their wedding day more than bridegrooms.
b  In small groups, discuss each statement. Take turns to explain your reasons and give examples. Respond to what other students say. Use the language from the Agreeing and disagreeing box.
Agreeing
I agree with you 100%.
i couldn't ^gree w<th yoy more.
That's so true.
You're absolutely right.
Disagreeing t see your point, but... That's not always true. I don't think you're right, Let's agree to dfsao/ee. t completely disagree. Wo way!
7 WRITING
O P-122 Writing A story Write a story describing a memorable event,
Practical English Finding Henry
giving directions in a building
O WHAT THE CLUE MEANS       2 O GIVING DIRECTIONS IN A BUILDING
4^1
X
(E>9.20 Watch or listen to Jenny and Luke looking in Henry's study. What does 'old man' refer to? Where do they think Henry is?
Watch or listen again. Complete the sentences with Jenny, Luke, or Rob.
1 _ has checked all the paintings.
2 thinks maybe the old man thing wasn't a message,
3 _suggests looking on top of the
bookcase.
4 finds the two paperweights.
5 . discovers that Proteus is a company in Oxford.
6 phones the Police Inspector.
7 downloads the plans of the Proteus building.
8 .. _ is going to guide the police officers.
What do you think they are going to find in the building?
®9,21 Look at the plan of the building. Watch or listen, Mark the rest of the police officers' route. Where do they end up, A, B, or C?
b   Read the conversation between Luke and Tom on p.95. Can you remember any of the missing words? Watch or listen again and check.
c  09.22 Watch or listen and repeat the highlighted sentences. Copy the rhythm and intonation.
Luke OK, go 10 the end of the corridor, go 1_the door, and turn *_.
Tom  We're in a large open area.
Luke That's right. Now, go 3 ahead. You should see some stairs on your right. Go
4_the stairs and a coffee bar. Turn
right, 5_on and you should see a
set of double doors.
Tom  Should we go through?
Luke Yes, Now, you should see some stairs on your *_.
Tom  Yeah, I see them.
Luke Right, Go 7_the stairs, continue
straight on, and walk down the ramp. Tom  We're at the end of the ramp, Which
*_now?
Luke * right and carry on straight _the corridor. Go past a
maintenance room and two fuse boxes, and
try the next door on your right. Tom  The door's locked. Is there 11_
way?
Luke Hold on. OK. Turn >*_and go
»_down the corridor.
Tom Should we go back up the ramp? Luke No. Go straight to the end of the
corridor and turn left. Tom  We're here. There are two doors. Which
,J_should we take?
Luke 1S_the one on your left.
Tom   It's open!
Luke What can you see?
Tom  There are three big safes and cages full
of documents. Are you sure this is the
'*_way?
Luke Yes, you're in the store room. Can you
hear a generator? Tom  Yes! It's coming from the end of the
corridor.
Luke Head 17„ it. But watch out for
guards!
Tom   There's a door here and a narrow
corridor to the right. What should we do? Luke I don't know!
Tom   Wait. I can hear voices. There are people in there.
Police Inspector That must be the room. Tom  OK. We're going in.
d      In pairs, practise giving directions in a building.
A Choose a place on the plan but don't tell B.
A give B directions to the place, B Check with A that you are going the
right way, and anything else you don't
understand. Then swap roles.
3 ©A HAPPY ENDING?
I
a   09.23 What do you think the police officers found? What do you think happens to all the characters? Watch or listen, Were your predictions correct?
b Watch or listen again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences,
1 The news report says that Andrew Page is getting better.
2 Selina and Grant managed to escape.
3 Rob thinks the due was very difficult.
4 Henry is very gratefui for all their help.
5 They go out for a meal to celebrate.
6 Rob thinks i: -s >rii worth coming to the UK
7 Jenny wants to stay longer in the UK.
c   Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of the missing words?
Social English
1 Henry I must_
2 Henry Goodness
I was beginning to lose hope, what would have happened
if you hadn't found me in time.
3 Henry Could you_the glasses, Luke?
4 Rob    It's to have you back, Dad.
5 Henry I just_you were here, Rob.
6 Jenny I can't _ to get back to the peace and
quiet of New York!
d  09.24 Watch or listen and complete the phrases. Then watch or listen again and repeat.
e   Complete conversations A-F with Social English phrases 1-6. Then practise them with a partner.
A	Shall we have some wine?	Great idea,    please, Jon?
B	Has your nephew lost his job?	Yes,    if he'll ever find another one.
c	Coufd you help me with my homework?	I'll try, but     I'm not very good at maths!
D	It's so good to be home.	, I've really missed you.
E	Can you meet me at the airport?	Sure.    to see you again!
F	So, is the hotel really amazing?	It's wonderful, U-
CAN YOU...?
give directions inside a building
check that you understand the directions
express relief and gratitude
<?5
The land of the free?
I love it. Do you like Everyone is so
living in friendly. New York?
G be, do, and have: auxiliary and main verbs	■	V British and American English		P stress on ber do, and haue
1  GRAMMAR be, do, and have: auxiliary and main verbs
a   Do the quiz with a partner.
do you know
Wthe USA?
^ T a
T    j   ' Are these statements true (T) or false <F)?
The USA has more billionaires than any other Country.
In American English, the words cotoLrr and centre are spelled the same as in British English.
Over 90% of Americans don't own a passport.
American men do an average of 15 minutes of ho j sework each day.
The world's first skyscraper was in Mew York.
In 1950, only 22% of adult Americans were single; now the figure is about 50%.
English has always been the official language of the USA.
Texas used to be part of Mexico - it didn't join the USA until the mid-19th century.
The USA once had the world's biggest economy, but it was overtaken by China in 2014.
In the USA, football is known as soccer. This is the name which the sport had originally been called t British public schools in the 1860s.
110.1 Listen and check. Correct the false statements.
c   Look at the bold verbs in a. With a partner, (cjrcje) the ones which are auxiliary verbs,
d   ©p.150 Grammar Bank 10A
2 PRONUNCIATION stress on be, do, and have
a   ©10.5 Listen and repeat the sentences. Underline the highlighted words if they are stressed. 1
1 The capital of the USA is Washington, DC
2 When are your friends arriving?
3 The world's tallest skyscraper isn't in Mew York.
4 Anne does Pilates twice a week.
5 Where does your sister live?
6 My brother doesn't like dogs. '! I have a house in New Jersey.
3 How bng have you known your best friend? 9 We haven't seen our cousins for ages.
Listen again. What vowel sound do are, does, and have have when they are unstressed?
(Cjrcigtthe correct word to complete the rules.
/3 When are be, do, and have stressed? be
1 is usually stressed / unstressed in positive sentences or in questions.
2 is stressed / unstressed in negative sentences.
do and have
3 are stressed / unstressed when they are main verbs,
4 are usually stressed / unstressed when they are positive auxiliary verbs or In questions,
5 are stressed / unstressed when they are negative auxiliary verbs.
d   © Communication More facts about the USA? A p.110 B p.114 Say sentences to your partner, who must decide if they are true or false.
96
3 LISTENING
a  010,6 Listen to six people who live in New York talking about life there. Match the speakers to the things they talk about. Which speakers are negative?
bureaucracy
helpfulness
opportunity
gun culture
muiticulturalism
sport
b   Listen again and complete the notes for each speaker with examples that they give.
1 Yannis from Greece • on the subway you see different _and hear different
• nobody is surprised if you have a
2 Cristina from Croatia • the game is too .
didn't understand the. ■ the atmosphere is too
3 Louisa from the USA * easy to:
change your _
renew your
4 Laura from the USA
in Germany, no one helped her
with her
at the
in the USA, people
. for you, and carry tbings up the stairs in the
5 Peter from the UK
• as an immigrant you can
__that you
couldn't get back home
• likes the entrepreneurial
6 Sarah from the UK
• in Europe, people don't want to
„__themselves
* it's up to the police to
of people and make sure everyone is _
Is there anything they said that you already knew or thought about American culture? Is there anything that surprised you? Do you think people's opinions might be different in other parts of the USA?
4 SPEAKING
a   Look at the cover and read the description of a recent book. What do you think 'Americanization' means? Do you agree that the world has been 'Americanized'?
Historian Peter Conrad tells the story of American influence across the world since 1945. He describes America's unstoppable creativity: its great and bad art, its jeans and jazz, its cinema, fast food and fridges, its space travel and technologies that have all Americanized our world.
Look at the photos and talk to a partner. How important do you think these aspects of American culture are in your country?
Most films and TV series that we watch are American, so, yes, I think they're very important here...
G
food and chin
music
c   Think of examples of the same kinds of things from your country. Which do you personally prefer: the American ones or the ones from your country? Which do you think people from your country generally prefer?
d   What things about your country are you most proud of? Do you think any of them have had an influence in the world?
5 VOCABULARY British and American English
6 READING
a   What do these American English words mean? Write the British word,
American British
t cell phone _.
2 restroom
3 iT:;jvie theaie-
4 high school
5 garbage _
6 sneakers _.
7 elevator
8 apartment
9 zip code _
10 check {noun} _
b 010,7 Listen and check,
c   Match some more British and American words.
British	American
1 carpark	a do set
2 B mean (adj)	b stand in line
3 autumn	g faucet
4 petrol	d fall
5     queue {verb)	e parking lot
6 garden	f gas
7 B wardrobe	g truck
8 B pavement	h stingy
9 B lorry	i sidewalk
10 tap	j yard
d   0)10.8 Listen and check.
e  The following words exist in both British and American English, but mean different things. Write Br or Am next to the photos or definitions.
1 purse
' bV
2 subway
a       an underground passage for crossing a road b       an underground train
3 first (loor
a       the floor of a building that is at ground level
b      the floor of a building that is one level above ground level
4 smart a      clever, intelligent b      well-dressed, elegant
5 pants a         1§§j3SH^ b
f   010.9 Listen. Are the speakers British or American? What would they say if they were the other nations lity?
93
a Look at the title and the introduction to each blog on p.99. Which writer is British? Which is American?
b   Read the blogs. Write the headings in the correct place. There is one heading you do not need.
A Being unfriendly
B Thinking we're stupid
C Not knowing how to spell words...
or pronounce them D Being a bit stingy E Paying lot health care F Being too patriotic G Being too nice M Believing the stereotypes I   Rushing to clear the table
c   Look at the highlighted words in the blogs and read the whole sentences. Decide whether they are adjectives, nouns, or verbs. Then match them to definitions 1-8.
1 . (ad; esp. NAmE) fantastic, great
2 _(ad;, informal} strange in a way
that makes you feel frightened
3 _(ad;) shy and quiet
4 (ad;) strange and difficult to explain
5 _(noun) a bird similar to a very
large chicken
6 (noun) something people say to express admiration, e.g. He paid me a -- he said I looked lovely.
7 _ _ (verb, informal) understand
8 _(verb) move your head up and
down, e.g. to say yes or hello
d   ©10.10 Listen and check.
e   Do you find any of these things about the Americans or the British annoying? Are there any customs in your country that might 'drive foreigners crazy'?
Six things mericans do that drive Brits crazy
By Ruth Margolis
American people are some of the friendliest you'll ever meet. But occasionally, they do things that we find a bit...eccentric.
1 Saying 'I love your accent!'
Before I mover] m [fie USA, I never imagined that my London accent made me sound intelligent. At first the compliments were nice but then a New York mum asked me to teach her two-year-old how to talk Like me. A bit coo much, l thought.
2 _
In America, people in shops say things like 'Ma'am, you have been an awesome customer today', just because I bought some toilet paper. I do not want that.
3 _
American waiters love to please, but sometimes they're too helpful. Over-enthusiastic waiters take away your plate the second it's empty, even if no one else at the table has finished.
4 Insisting that turkey is tasty
There's a good reason why Brits only eat this bird at Christmas. Turkey meat is dry and tasteless. But Americans put it in everything - burgers, meatballs, Lasagna -everything!
5 _
We get it, you're proud to be an American. We Brits like our country too, but to your average Brit, hanging a giant flag from your house is a little bit creepy.
6 _
Having to remove us from wotds like 'colour' and change "re' to er' in words like 'theatre' is a headache And Americans, please note: saying 'erb' instead of 'hetbJ and pronouncing 'fillet' as 'fillay' (withoutthe T) is not cleverer sophisticated. You are not f rertch.
Six thing: drive Am
gs do mericans ci
o that crazy
By Maria Roth
Americans love the British, They're so charming and smart! Bnt there are some things about them that we don't quite understand.
1 _
When strangers in stores and people on the street make eye contact, nod, or say, 'Nil', it's OK to smile and say hello back. We won't bite!
2 Overcooking vegetables
The authentic British way to prepare vegetables is to put them in boiling water for a fortnight. We Americans think this is weird and unpleasant,
3 _
Oh. we fat Americans with our big cars and flags! Too many Brits are convinced that this inaccurate picture of us is true, and we are not amused.
4 _
It seems that some Brits would rather not leave a 15 to
20 per cent tip for their waiter. They may not realize that waiters in the US are paid very low wages and depend on tips to survive.
5 Not wanting to 'share'
Brits are famous for being reserved - they never complain or discuss their problems. But that's not the way we do things here. We're more open with our friends, and even with strangers, and when people don't share, we find it sErange.
6 _
We get it. in British English, 'trousers' means pants and 'pants' are really underwear. And the letter 'i is 'zee' to Americans, but 'zed' to Brits. We Americans just have a different way of speaking and writing. It doesn't mean we're stupid, and I promise we're not trying to offend you.
00
a
i
99
Please turn over your papers
a
^ri^^k £ Probably What's the    mV French hardest exam speaking
you ve ever done?
exam!
mm
VOCABULARY exams
Look at the photo and describe what's happening.
* Who are the people in the photo? How old do you think they are?
* Where are they? What are they doing? ■ How do you think they are feeling?
* Who else is probably in the room?
Complete the mind map with the words and phrases from the list.
cheat (in) do essay fail muItipie-choice oral/speaking pass practical   retake   revise (fort  take  true or falls© written
2 PRONUNCIATION revision of sounds
a   Which word has a different sound? Say the three words aloud and then ctrclr the one you think is different.
\
\
verbs
types of exams
1 'S*	revises prepares gives	•8	essay thesis degree
2 n	failed studied cheated		school good childhood
	marks answer e> m	8 I	written idea practise
4	work oral report	' i	guess test result
5
EXAMS
wrong
professor
college
_ types of _13
questions
0)10-11 Listen and check.
© Communication Describing a photo A p.109 B p.111 Describe the photos and discuss the topic.
b  ®10.12 Listen end check.
c   Look at the sentences. What sound does each of the pink letters have? Practise saying the sentences.
1 I went to a very good school.
2 She answered all the exam questions. 5 M ■/      ■■ t said that I'd w< ■■ ^e::: hard.
4 I need to practise for the written exam.
5 He cheated in the exam, but he still failed.
6 There are some excellent professors at my college.
7 I was really nervous when I got my test results.
3 LISTENENG & SPEAKING
a  Ted a partner about the last time you took an exam ortest. Did you pass or fail? Why?
b   Read about exams in England. What is the exam system in your country?
Exams in England
Age. 11  Most children go straight to a secondary school without laking an exam, bui in some parts of the country, children can slill take an exam called the 114 if they want io go lo a school which selects the most academic children-Age 16 Students lake exams called ■GCSEs' in 8-12 different subjects. Before 1983, students took similar exams, called "0 levels'.
Age 18  Students can take final exams called 'A levels' in 3 or 4 differem subjects of their choice before leaving school. They need good results in ihese exams if they wanl to go to university.
010-13 Listen to Mark, Sophie, Diane, and Paul talking about their experiences with exams or tests. Who.,.?
1 mentions an exam or test that they failed
2 used to find exams stressful
TIP: Multiple-choice listening
• Read the questions carefully before you listen,
• After listening once, eliminate any answers that you are sure are wrong.
• Make sure that all of the information is correct In the option you choose. Don't choose it just because it contains a word or phrase that you heard in the recording.
d   Listen again. Choose a, b, or c.
1 Mark had problems with his history O level because... a he didn't have time to finish the questions
b he hadn't prepared the right questions.
c he had drunk too much coffee the night before.
2 Sophie failed her driving test the first time because... a she didn't follow the examiner's instructions.
b she didn't realize that what the examiner asked her to
do was a trick, c she stopped somewhere where it wasn't safe.
3 Diane 'froze' in her French oral exam because she... a couldn't remember the right words.
b had told the examiner a lie.
c couldn't understand the examiner's questions.
4 Paul did badly in his GCSE chemistry...
a because he'd done very little work for it.
b because his memory failed.
c although he thought he'd done well.
e   Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
If you are still studying       I If you are no longer studying
How do you usually prepare for a big exam,.,? a) during the previous weeks, b) the night before
What's the hardest exam you've taken recently? Why did you find it so hard? How did you do?
Have you ever done much better than you expected in an exam? What about one where everything went wrong? What happened?
l
How did you use to feel about taking exams? Can you remember any particularly bad ones?
Did you use to revise a lot before exams? Did you revise right up to the last moment?
Is there an exam that you're really proud of having passed?
4r
Do you think you will ever have to take any more exams in the future? Why (not)?
Do you think exams are a good way of testing how much people know? Why (not)?
4 WRITING
© p.123 Writing An exam task Write an essay for an exam.
5 READING
a   i s th e re a u ni ver s ity ent ra n ce exa m        b  Rea d th e a rti cle ab out th e gao ka o (/o. m j kat j ), Ch i na's nati o na i in your country? How difficult is it university entrance exam. How does it compare with similar
considered to be? exams in your country?
A nation prepares for the dreaded gaokao
SHANGHAI, 5th June - Tomorrow, cities throughout China 'will close roads near schools, prohibit the hooting of car horns, and even change some aeroplane flight paths, so thai nine million students can concentrate on the gaokao, the three-day-long national university entrance exam.
University places are scarce in Chine, and most students 'are not going to have a chance if they do not do well in the gaokao, a name which means 'high exam' in Mandarin Chinese. The stakes arc very high indeed: a place in a top university will almost always lead to a high-paid job after graduation. For millions of Chinese students, the exam is an important chance to improve their lives, and because most families 3have only one child, the pressure on candidates is intense,
We spoke to students who "hadn't been out with their friends for many months, and who5were studying all the time that they weren't sleeping. And while some cram, others cheat. Each year, candidates fiare caught with high-tech devices such as wireless earphones, as well as pens and watches with tiny scanners, fames Bond would be proud.
Teachers' lives are difficult, too. One gaokao tutor 'explained her schedule: morning exercises start at 6.10 a.m., evening classes end at 10,0(1 p.m., students get only one day off a month - and teachers must spend that day marking practice exams.
To prepare for the exam, students memorize past exam papers and try to guess what questions e will be asked Ibis year. All candidates answer questions in Chinese, maths, and English, then choose two additional subjects: history, geography, physics, biology, chemistry, or political ideology. Some of the unusual essay questions that 'have appeared on past papers include:
• 'An Englishman dreams of living in Western China in another era. Write a story based on this.'
• 'Why chase mice when theTe are fish to eat?' ■ Talk about water,'
• LWhy do we want to return to our childhood?'
The exam 10has been criticized for testing endurance rather than intelligence. Small reforms "were made to the exam a few years ago, but little has changed overall. More and more Chinese students lzhave been moving overseas for university, or even secondary school, just to avoid the gaokao. The number of candidates who sit the exam has fallen dramatically in recent years, from 10.2 million in 2009, to 9 million this year.
However, at the same time, the gaokao 11 is beginning to be more widely recognized abroad. The University of Sydney has said it will accept gaokao scores from Chinese students in place of its own entrance exam. China may not need to reform the gaokao after all - it will reform the rest of us.
TIP: True / False reading
• Quickly read the text for the main ideas, then read the statements carefully.
• Re-read the text carefully and look for information that shows whether each statement is true or false.
c   Read the article again. Mark the statements T (true) or F (false).
1 During the gaokao, nobody is allowed to drive In cities where the exam Is being held.
2 Unless you do well in the gaokao, you probably won't get a place at university.
3 The exam givss young people the opportunity to do better in life.
4 Students preparing for the exam still have time for a social life.
5 Students always find different ways to cheat.
6 The gaokao was mentioned in a recent James Bond film.
7 Gaokao tutors only have one day a month when they don't have to work.
8 Science subjects are optional in the gaokao,
9 Some people don't like the exam because they don't think it shows how intelligent you are.
10 More Chinese students are taking the gaokao now than ever before,
d   What do you think about the gaokao? What do you think is the best way to decide whether someone should get a place at university or not?
6 GRAMMAR revision of verb forms
a   Look at highlighted verbs 1-13 in the article. With a partner, match them to the tenses and forms befow.
present simple (/ make...) present continuous (I'm making,..} present simple passive lit is made...)
past simple {I made,.,] past continuous [I was mafcmg.,.) past simple passive (it was made...) past perfect simple [I had made.,.)
future with wit! [I will make...}
future with be going to (I'm going to make...}
will passive [it will be made...)
present perfect simple (I've made,.,) present perfect continuous [I've been making...)
present perfect passive {Jt's been made...) b   © p.1S1 Grammar Bank 10B
7 O VIDEO LISTENING
a   Watch the documentary
Speaking exams - top tips for success. Why is the speaking exam the most stressful? What is the very best way to prepare for the speaking exam?
Watch again and complete each gap with 1-3 words.
1 You should arrive at least_
beforehand, In order to feel Make
and_
3 Look
suggestions, and ask for their
4 Always answer In and add more_
5 Don't_
question, Just ask the examiner to
6 Don't memorize whole
7 Don't just say_
explain it in a_
contact, smile,
_throughout the exam.
respond to your partner's
sentences
if- you don't understand a
_it
or
Try fr> _way.
c Now watch an examiner giving you e task and discuss the picture below with a partner. Use some of the tips you heard in the documentary.
103
0 Rev'se ancl Check
GRAMMAR
VOCABULARY
b
^irckjia, b, or c,
1 They asked us how long_,
a did we live there b we'd lived there c had we lived there
2 She_she couldn't remernber my name.
a said b told c said me
3 He asked whether_British or American.
a I was   b was I   c I am
4 We told them_make so much noise,
but they didn't turn the music down.
a not to  b don't  c that they didn't
5 I said that I       be late.
a wouldn't to   b won't   c wouldn't
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1 He wouldn't have passed the exam if he _so hard, (not study)
2 If we'd had a smaller wedding, we
less money, (spend)
3 He go to university if he'd had better exam results, (be able to)
4 I_much last weekend-
in ot do]
you
your
grandparents recently? (visit)
6 A I went on holiday to Turkey last month. B you there
before? (be)
7 She_too hand lately -
she looks exhausted, (work)
8 We got to the reception late and the speeches_. (finish)
9 Work on the new bridge.
by the end of next year, (complete) 10 I ran to the bank but it _ already Apple
11
. {dose)
_more than 400
million tablets since 2010- [sell)
12 Why
you
biscuits?
It's nearly lunchtime. (eat) 13 Alex_ _us his holiday
photos when the boss came In! (show) T4 It's only 9.00 a.m. but she_
already _ _ at work for two hours.
(be)
15 The film _. in Japan in the
1960s, (make)
Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in brackets.
1 Her 60th birthday was a
2 He told me very_
3 Alan felt very_
occasion, (memory)
_that he was going to win, (confident)
when he saw his newborn son. (emotion)
4 If you want to speak English well, both fluency and _are important, (accurate)
5 I don't like being asked_questions, (person)
b  Write words for the definitions.
1 a woman on her wedding day
2 the holiday taken by a newly married couple_
3 a male friend or relative who helps the groom _
4 a formal social occasion to celebrate something
5 the people invited to the wedding _
c   Write Br or Am, and give the British or American alternative.
1
2
3
4
5
movie theater tap
sneakers lift_
garbage
6
7 S 9
10
toilet
stand in line apartment pavement petrol
d   Co mp lete t he word s,
1 Most of my friends passed the exam, but I f_,
2 The questions were ail m_-choice.
3 In my English exam, I had to write an e about the importance of recycling.
4 I passed my driving test the first time 11 _it,
5 He ch _ in the exam, so they gave him 0%.
PRONUNCIATION
a   Practise the words and sounds.
Vowel sounds Consonant sounds
boy ear chair car tourist flower singer parrot b 0 p.166-7 Sound Bank Say more words for each sound.
c   What sound in a do the pink letters have in these words? 1 autobiography  2 luxurious  3 toilet  4 rather  5 weird
d   Underline the stressed syllable.
1 secuTity 3 propose 5 practical
2 important 4 brides.maid
t04
CAN YOU understand this text?
a   Read the article once. Do you ever do any of these things when you're preparing for an exam?
How to learn without forgetting
To help yourself remember what you've learned, it is useful to use a wide range of study tips. Try these techniques - you will be surprised to see how easy it can be to remember things.
Make a study timetable Sludy when you are most awake. This may be at any time of day. You will1 if you study a litlle each day [for 30 to 60 minutes at a time). Remember to include breaks in your schedule; take a short walk to help clear your mind-Get enough sleep When you sleep, your brain i . If you don't have time for a sleep during the day, revise your notes at night before going to bed. Try to gel between seven and nine hours' sleep each night.
Talk about what you are learning Saying words out loud and hearing them can be helpful - you could try reading your notes to your dog! Study with a friend, or try to teach the topic to a younger sibling. Teaching someone else makes you 5 .
Write things down that you need to memorize This process can help your brain recall it better. Take notes on what you've read, Make a mind map - a diagram which shows relationships between pieces of information -place the main idea in the centre and use connected branches to 4   . You can also make cards and write important facts on them.
Take practice tests This can be a good tool to find out what you know and which topics you still5 . When you finish a test, revise the material you didn't know and try another in a few days.
,| Chewgum Some researc hers believe th at che wi ng gum 4 , which helps you concentrate better, if you chew a particular flavour of gum while studying, such
«    as peppermint, you may be able to better remember information you studied if you chew the same gum during
<c    your test.
£    Use your sense of smell Smells are often associated =    with memories. Smell a perfume while studying. Then. .*    smell the same perfume just before your exam. You may be able to betterT .
b  Read the article again and complete it with verb phrases A-G,
A allows more oxygen Into your brain
B add related information
C recall the information you studied
D converts facts from short-term memory to long-term
memory E retain information better F think about the material more deeply G need to study
Q CAN YOU understand these people?
010.14 Watch or listen and choose a, b, or c.
Victoria        Jan Keith        Royce Diana
1 Victoria finds it difficult to remember_,
a people's names
b names of plants c things she's eaten
2 Jan
a really enjoyed her first wedding
b got married very recently
c met her husband eight years ago
3 Keith thinks that       has had a very positive influence in the world,
a British TV
b American drama
c the American dream
4 Royce thinks fast food is_.
a convenient
b unhealthy c tasty
5 Diana had a bad experience in an exam because
she_-
a was very nervous
b couldn't think of anything to say for a short time c hates oral exams
CAN YOU say this in English?
Tick IS) the box if you can do these things. Can you...?
1 H remember three things somebody said to you or
asked you yesterday, and report them
2 describe a wedding you've been to, or talk about the kind of wedding you'd like to have
3 talk about the influence of American culture in your country, and say what you think about it
4 talk about an exam you took that went really well, or didn't go well at all
105
Communication
1A  MIDDLE NAMES QUIZ
Students A+B
Do the quiz with a partner.
Middle names quiz
Many celebrities are better known by their middle names rather than their first names. Do you know what these middle names are? How do you pronounce them?
1B THE COLOUR TEST Students A+B Read about your chosen colour-
Christopher A Laura Jeanne R William B David J Hannah D Walter B_
Kutcher Witherspoon
Pitt
Thomas S
8 RobynR
9 James H 10 Henry W
Law
Fanning _ Willis Connery Fenty _ Laurie _ Beatty
SB CITY OR COUNTRY? Students A+B Ask and answer questions with a partner.
Do you know anyone who...
has moved from the city to the country? Did they stay? Why (not)?	->	has moved from the country to the city? Did they stay? Why (not)?
		
If you live in a large town or city...		If you live in a village or small town in the country...
Imagine you moved to a village or small town in the country. What do you think you would miss the most about the city?	Imagine you moved to a large town or city. What do you think you would miss the most about the country?	
		
What do you think you would enjoy the most about the country?	What do you think you would enjoy the most about the city?	
>b Do you ever go to the country? Why do you go? Do you enjoy yourself there? Why (not)?	Do you ever go to large cities? Why do you go? Do you enjoy yourself there? Why (not)?	
The colour test
giey You ore quiet and thoughtful and you prefer watching to doing. You don't have strong opinions and you are afraid of commitment. You usually prefer to let other people make the decisions.
black You have strong ideas and you would like lo be confident and ambitious, but you are a rather negative person and can be quite stubborn. You are afraid of frying new things and often say 'No".
blown  You would love to be charming and attractive ta others, but in fact you are rather insecure. You don't like change and you often worry about your health.
green You like having nice possessions and you enjoy the good things in life. You are often successful in what you do. because you are quite persistent, and don't give up easily. However, you worry about making mistakes.
yellow You are optimistic about life. You □re a happy and positive person who enjoys hard work and likes getting results, You are also very sociable and enjoy being with other people.
red You are passionate and energetic, and you live your life to the full. However, you are often too impulsive and sometimes make decisions without thinking enough, You focus a lot on your own happiness, and so sometimes you can seem rather selfish.
blue You are a loyal and reliable person who likes to be In a stable relationship. You are also a sensitive person and your feelings can be easily hurt.
purple  You like excitement, but you are a bit Immature and you can be moody. You ate often restless and you dream of doing things which aren't likely to happen.
106
2A CAROLINE'S HOLIDAY PLANS
Student A
a   Ask and answer questions with B about Caroline's holiday. Use the information below and the correct form of the verb, present simple or present continuous.
What time does she leave London?^
f At eleven forty in the morning. What time I does she arrive in ibiza?
At five past three in the afternoon^
Thursday
leove London Gafwici. nigtil3629 3.05 p.m.   grrivg in Ibizo Friday
_ have yoga class
TO.00 a.m. go wolorskiing with Emma (meel at rental shop)
Afternoon  go sightseeing in Saturday
S.30 a.m.   go on guided tour of the island
have dinner a! Bambuddha (fable booked in Emma's name)
Sunday
fl.00 o.m,   go on boot Irip lo Formenlero
6.00 p.m. Monday
5.30 a.m.   get bus tool rport
leave Ibiia. Right EZ 6630
10.0 0 a ,m. arrive London Gatwick
b   Check your answers by comparing your notes.
3A A REAL GROWN-UP? Student A
Carol Mid^lcy Li kc many oil ier people of my age, I dp plenty of things thai aren't really adult ;ti all. Like a teenager. I never remember to charge my phone. And I'm terrified of being in a bar or restaurant alone, even for .t few mtnuf.es. Why? I'm not Kvc wars old! So am [ art adit It? The laws abutil age (Son! help you to find out. At 1ft, you can work full-time.get married, and Join the army, hut yon can't drive or buy an alcohol it; drink, So when did I lirst really fcclgrmvn-up? Maybe when I first went ahmad lor work, in my early twenties I was alone in France;, driving in the middle oi [lie nighs with a map on my knees and no phone. That fell quite a grown-up thing to do, Uul the time when I really became an adult whs when my baby fell :! i -it I hurl her lleild. When I iv;is lyin^ |iy liif hospital lied ill the dark. reeling very afraid, asking the doetoi's and nurses aboul Iht progress, I had never It'll more gmW]l-tl|).
a   Read about Carol. Complete the sentences. Carol
• does things that aren't very adult, for example., .and
• thinks that the laws about being an adult are confusing because when you're 16-.-but--.
■ first felt like an adult when...
• became a real grown-up when...
Tell B about Carol. Use the prompts in a.
I read about Carol. She does things that aren't very adult, for example, she never...
c   Now listen to B tell you about Hugo.
d  Which of the two people do you think is more grown-up?
3B  SPOT THE DIFFERENCES Student A
Describe the picture to your partner. Your partner has a very similar picture. Find nine differences between the pictures.
In my picture, there's a...in the foreground/)
(^There isn't one in my picture, There's a..
5A TV DRAMAS Student A
a   Read about the TV series and check your answers to 5b.
A Forbrydelsen - The Killing
A Danish detective drama.
The series is set in Copenhagen, and follows detective Sara Lund. The first season is about the hunt for the killer of a schoolgirl. The series was also remade for American TV.
B Se Ouien Eres - I Know Who You Are
A Spanish crime drama.
Juan Ellas is a successful lawyer in Barcelona who loses his memory in a car crash. At the same time, his 23-year-old niece disappears and her blood is found in his car - but has he murdered her?
C les Revenants - The Returned
A French mystery drama.
This supernatural series is set in a small mountain town in France. People who have died begin reappearing, and try to continue their lives with family and friends as if nothing has happened. Then more people begin to die.
D Suburra - Blood on Rome
An Italian political drama.
'Suburra' was an area of ancient Rome and this is a story of corruption in the modern city. Based on real events, the plot involves the state, the Church, property developers, and organized crime.
h   Read the texts again. Find the following information for each series, if it's available,
- what kind of series it is
- where It's set
- what it's about
- the name of the main characters)
c   Now work with B and take turns to tell each other about the series.
( The Killing is a Danish detective drama, it's set in...
PE3 REPORTING A MISSING PERSON
Student A
a   You are going to report a missing person. Read your role and decide on the details.
You are sharing a flat in London with a friend from your country. The address is 23 Barrow Street, London, W2 7EG.
• Decide which of your friends it i$ and where you last saw them.
You saw each other in the morning.
• Decide what time and where you had planned to meet
You had arranged to have dinner together at home. You got home at 5.00 p.m., but it is now 10.00 p.m. and he / she hasn't turned up, and isn't answering his / her phone.
You are worried and go to the police.
• Decide what your friend's norma/ routine is.
b  B is a police officer. He / She will ask you
questions about your friend, and write a report. B will start.
C Swap roles. You are now a police officer, B is going to report a missing person. First, think about what questions you need to ask.
MISSING PERSON INFORMATION
Reported by Name Address Phone
Missing person
Name
Address
Description
(age and appearance)
Last seen Wearing
Expected to see at for Plans for rest of day Normal routine
Interview B and fill in the form. Finally, tell B not to worry and that you are sure the person will turn up soon. You start
Come in and take a seat. Now, you want to report a missing person, is that right?
e  Together, decide what happened to your friends.
6B WHAT'S IT CALLED? Student A
PE4 RENTING A ROOM Student A
You are a customer at a DIY store. You want to buy the things below, but you don't know the word. B is a shop assistant. Have a conversation with B, explaining what you want. He / She will tell you the names of the things you want to buy and where to find them. Write the names. B will start.
JD Paraphrasing
Sorry, but I can't remember / don't know the word
I'm looking for a thing / things that you use for + verb + -ing.
It's a kind of... It's like...
Now you are the shop assistant. Listen to B explaining what he / she wants to buy. Ask questions and decide which of the things below they are. Tell B what they are called (spell the words if necessary), and whereto find them. You start: Can I help you?
string \lnrf/ Sellotape /'setoicin/
stapler fstnplai
padlock picdlnkJ   pegs /pe0J glue 'i|lu;.;
You have a two-bedroom flat and you want to share it with someone. B would like to rent the other room. He / She is coming to see you. First, look at your house rules and decide if there is anything you'd like to add.
House rules
• No smoking
• Share kitchen - keep food on 2nd shelf of fridge
• Don't use washing machine or dryer after
10.00 p.m.
• Make sure to lock door (two keys) when going out
Greet B. Tell him / her about the house rules, and answer any questions. You start-
[Hi, come in. Nice to meet you... If you don't mind. I'm I going to start by telling you about the house rules...
c   Decide if you would like to rent the room to B.
d   Swap roles. You are looking for a room to rent. B has a room in his / her flat. You are going to meet B. B will tell you about the house rules. You also have some questions to ask. Decide if there is anything you'd like to add.
How good is Ihe wi-fi?
What's public transport like?
OK if you praciise your electric guitar?
e Go to meet B and talk about the flat. B will start, f   Decide if you want to rent the room.
10B DESCRIBING A PHOTO Student A
a   Describe your photo to B. Say who the people are, where they are, and what is happening.
b   Listen to B describing his / her photo- What do the two photos have in common?
c   D isc u ss the q uest io ns toget he r.
1 Does this kind of thing often happen in exams or tests in your country? What methods do people use?
2 Do people usually get caught? Why (not)?
3 How do you think people should be punished for this behaviour?
4 If you saw a friend cheating In an exam or test, what would you do?
7A  GIVING IT AWAY Student A
SB  LOCAL HISTORY Student A
Read the article and answer the questions.
r Who is Mr Lucky?
2 What is the we-are-lucky.com project?
3 What did Lucy do with some of her £1,000?
4 What kinds of people have received money from Mr Lucky?
5 Why does Mr Lucky think the project is creating positive feeiings?
we-are-lucky. com
rr
■
Mr Lucky is a mystery millionaire who gives away money to strangers. We know some things about him. He is from London, he worked abroad tor an insurance company, and by Lhe age of .37. he was so rich that he was able to retire. At first, Mr Lucky didn't know whai to do with all his money. He thought about giving it to a charity. But in the end, he decided to star: a project called we-are-lucky.com, in which other people choose how to spend his money for him. So far, he has given £ 1,000 in cash to more than lOQ people all over the world to do "something good'. Lucy, for example, runs a small bookshop in London, When Mr Lucky met her. he liked her openness and her dedication to her shop and gave her £1,0(10. Lucy then decided to pass on some of the money by giving a bonus to a colleague, which she couldn't previously afford to do. So far, the lucky people have included web designers, nurses, taxi drivers, bar owners, and photographers, Mr Lucky says he enjoys giving the money away, and people are enjoying giving the money to someone eise, so there is a chain reaction of positive feeling.
b   Tell B about Mr Lucky and his project. Use your answers in a to help you.
c   Now listen to B's story.
d   Would you prefer to receive £1,000 which you have to spend on other people, or $100 which you can spend on yourself?
Think about the area where you live and write down the information below. Write the names or places only, (Don't try to translate place nam&s or names of festivals, etc.)
1 a famous person who has a connection here
2 an interesting or unusual historic building or site here
3 something that is or used to be made or grown here
4 a festival that is celebrated here every year
5 a typical dish which has been made and eaten here for many years
Give your paper to B. B is a tourist. He / She will ask you about the names and places on your list. Give as much information as you can.
Now you are a tourist. Look at B's list of names and places, and ask B about them.
What's the Ponte delta | Costrtuzrone? I
[ It's a ne* I  2003. it
ew bridge which was finished in was designed by Calatrava...
10A MORE FACTS ABOUT THE USA? Student A
a   Read sentence 1 to B. Try to use the correct stress. B will guess if it's true or false.
b Tell B if he / she is right, and explain why. Continue with sentences 2-5.
Texas fs the largest state in the USA. True or fa/se?^
think that's false.
That's right. Alaska is the largest. It's more than twice the site of the second largest state, which is Texas
Are these statements true (T) or false (F>?
Texas is the largest state in the USA.
False. Alaska is the largest. It's more than twice the size of the
second largest state, which is Texas.
50% of Americans don't speak English at home.
False. 20% spsak a language other than English at home, About 8%
don't speak any English at all.
American workers have less paid holiday than workers in other countries.
True. Most Americans have 10-20 days of paid holiday a year. Americans buy more Mexican salsa per year than ketchup. True. S680 million was spent on salsa last year, compared to S4ZQ million for ketchup.
No American has ever won the Nobel Peace Prise,
False. Over 20 Americans have won the prize, including Martin
Luther King, Jr. and BarackObama.
c   Now listen to B's sentences and say if you think they're true or false.
2A CAROLINE'S HOLIDAY PLANS
Student B
a   Ask and answer questions with A about Caroline's holiday. Use the information below and the correct form of the verb, present simple or present continuous.
What rime does she leave London?^
f At eleven forty ffi the morning. What time I does she arrive in Ibira?
At five past three in the afternoon/^
Thursday
n,40 a.m.
leave London Gaiwk*, nighi EZ 8629
3.05 p.m. Friday 7.30 a.m.
gmveinlbiza
hove yoga class
10.00 a.m. go waterskiing wilfi
(meet af rental shop)
Afternoon Sulurdoy
8.30 a.m.
go sightseeing In Ibizo Town
9.00 p.m.
Sunday
fl.00 a.m.
have dinner at Bambuddha (table booked In Emma's name)
6.00 p.m. Monday
8,55 a.m.
hove mfistooo or hnrel spo
get bus to airport leave tbizo. flight EZ8630
orrive London Satwick
3A A REAL GROWN-UP? Student B
Hugo Rifk ind   I'm pretty sure I'm an adult. I'm in my late-30s, and i haw two kids, a rmirigagi-, and a pension plan. Recently. I had a 20-minute conversation, which ] thoroughly enjoyed, about my car.Today, there arc no longer important events that mean you are an adult. A tew generations ago, when a boy turned 16. he started wearing long trousers instead of shorts, and left home to raise ft family Now we slay longer in the ijnnily home, find it dt Hi cull to become financially independent still listen to pop music, and still wear T-shirts. It look my wife and I a very long time before we had our own house. As for having kids. well, that doesn't make you li-el like a grown-up It just makes you panic. Maybe I'll only rurally become an adult when 1 stop wanting a tsijj; night out once a month, or four days a year ai a music lestival. thai sort of llting.
illy. A
4
b   Check your answers by comparing your notes.
a   Read about Hugo, Complete the sentences, Hugo
• thinks he must bean adult because he has.,.
• thinks that It was clearer In the past when you became an adult because at 16 a boy...
• says that adults now still do teenage things like,..
• says that having kids doesn't...
• thinks that he will become a real grown-up when...
b  Listen to A tell you about Carol.
c   Now tell A about Hugo. Use the prompts in a.
[ I read about Hugo. He's in his !ate-th\rties. He thinks he I most be an adult because he has...
d  Which of the two people do you think is more grown-up?
10B DESCRIBING A PHOTO Student B
a   Listen to A describing his / her photo.
b  Describe your photo to A, Say who the people are, where they are, and what is happening.
What do the two photos have in common?
c   Discuss the questions together,
1 Does this kind of thing often happen in exams or tests in your country? What methods do people use?
2 Do people usually get caught? Why {not)?
3 How do you think people should be punished for this behaviour?
4 If you saw a friend cheating in an exam or test, what would you rin?
5A TV DRAMAS Student B
6B WHAT'S IT CALLED? Student B
Read about the TV aeries and check your answers to 5b,
E Encjrenages - Spirat
A French iegal drama.
The show is set in Paris, and follows the lives and work of a team of Parisian police officers led by Laure Berthaud, as well as the lawyers and judges who work at the Pafais de Justice.
F Br on / Broen - The Bridge
A Swedish / Danish crime drama.
The first season begins with the discovery of a dead
body exactly in the middle of the bridge that joins
Sweden to Denmark, and further seasons continue
to be set in both countries. One of the highlights of
the series is the fascinating autistic detective Saga
Noren.
G El Marginal - El Marginal
An Argentinian police drama. The series is set in Buenos Aires, Miguel Palacios, who used to be a policeman, infiltrates a dangerous prison to try to find the kidnapper of a well-known judge's daughter.
H Dupia Jdentidade - Merciless A Brazilian crime drama.
Edu is a young man who appears to be smart and sensitive, but is in fact a dangerous psychopath, who is behind a number of crimes that police are investigating in Rio de Janeiro.
Read the texts again. Find the following information for each series, if it's available.
- what kind of series it is       - what it's about
- where it's set - the name of the main
character(s)
Now work with A and take turns to tell each other about the series.
{^Spiral Is a French legal drama. It's set in.
You are a shop assistant at a DIY store. Listen to A explaining what he / she wants to buy. Ask questions, and decide which of the things below they are. Tell A what they are called {spell the words if necessary), and whereto find them. You start: Can i help you?
In my picture, there's a.,.in the foreground
Q^There fs n'tone in my pre ture. There's a.
broom hnmii        nails nettz drawing pins
/'drairj pin/J
bucket .''hAkil/      mop map
screwdriver
/Skruidraiv.V
Now you are the customer. You want to buy the things below but you don't know the word. A is a shop assistant. Have a conversation with A, explaining what you want. He / She will tell you the names of the things you want to buy and where to find them. Write the names. A will start.
0 Paraphrasing
Sorry, but I can't remember / don't know the word.
I'm looking for a thing / things that you use for + verb + -ing.
It's a kind of... It's like...
3B  SPOT THE DIFFERENCES Student B
Describe the picture to your partner. Your partner has a very similar picture. Find nine differences between the pictures.
PE3 REPORTING A MISSING PERSON
Student B
a   You are a police officer. A is going to report a missing person. First, think about what questions you need to ask.
MISSING PERSON INFORMATION
Reported by Name Address Phone
Missing person
Name
Address
Description
(age and appearance)
Last seen Wearing
Expected to see at for Plans for rest of day Normal routine
b   Interview A and fill in the form. Finally, tell A not to worry and that you are sure the person will turn up soon. You start:
j Come in and take a seat. Now, you want to report a missing person, is that right?
c   Swap roles. Now you are going to report a missing person. Read your role and decide on the details.
You are sharing a flat in London with a friend from your country. The address is 15 Vine Road, London, EC1 9AJ.
* Decide which of your friends it is and where you last saw them.
You saw each other at lunchtime.
* Decide what time and where you had planned to meet
You had arranged to 90 to the cinema together, The film started at 7.00 p.m. but your friend didn't turn up.
It is now 11.00 p.m., and he i she isn't answering his / her phone. You are worried and go to the police, ■ Decide what your friend's normal routine is.
d   A is a police officer. He / She will ask you
questions about your friend, and write a report A will start.
e  Together, decide what happened to your friends.
7A   GIVING IT AWAY Student B
a   Read the article and answer the questions,
1 Who is Jill Ginsberg?
2 What does Jill write about on her blag?
3 What did Mollie Dickson do after she read the blog?
4 What did one child do in her project?
5 How has Jill changed as a result of the project?
hundredsofhundreds.com
Jill Ginsberg, a doctor in Portland. Oregon, didn't use to like spending money on herself- So when she inherited some money from her mother, she decided to use it to make other people happy. Her plan was that every day for a month she would give $100 to a stranger. After the month ended, she didn't want to stop. She decided to continue, and to give away 100 more $100 bills to lucky strangers. On her blog, hundredsofhundreds.com, she wrote about the people she met. Many people who read Jill's blog wrote comments and shared her story on Facebook, She started receiving messages from people; many of whom wanted to do something to help others themselves, One teacher, Mollie Dickson, started a class project where children chose different things to do to help strangers, for example, one girl visited children with cancer in a local hospital, Jill was delighted to hear a bout the project, and wrote to the children to encourage them. Jill is surprised by how much she's changed. She's stopped being careful with money, and the project has helped her get over the death of her mother.
t>   Listen to A'5 story.
c   Now tell A about Jill Ginsberg and her project. Use your answers in a to help you.
d  Would you prefer to receive £1,000 which you have to spend on other people, or $100 which you can spend on yourself?
PE4 RENTING A ROOM Student B
SB  LOCAL HISTORY Student B
You are looking for a room to rent. A has a room in his / her flat. You are going to meet A. A will tell you about the house rules. You also have some questions to ask. Decide if there is anything you'd like to add.
OK to bring cat?
Where can you park motorbike?
OK to have a shower about 6.30 every morning?
b  Go to meet A and talk about the flat. A will start.
c   Decide if you want to rent the room,
d   Swap roles. You have a two-bedroom flat and you want to share it with someone. A would like to rent the other room. He / She is coming to see you. First, look at your house rules and decide if there is anything you'd like to add.
House rules
Mo smoking Mo pets
Share kitchen - use recycling bins, one for glass, one for paper, one for all other rubbish. Don't leave washing-up overnight.
No showers after 10.00 p.m.
Greet A. Tell him / her about the house rules, and answer any questions. You start,
rHl come in. Nice to meet you.,. If you don't mind, I'm going to start by telling you about the house rules...
Decide if you would like to rent the room to A.
Think about the area where you live and write down the information below. Write the names or places only, (Don't try to translate place names or names of events, etc.)
1 an interesting or unusual building, bridge, or monument that has recently been built here
2 a famous person who was born here
3 a special event that will take place here soon
4 typical souvenirs that are made or sold here
5 a popular tourist attraction here
You are a tourist, Look at As list of names and places, and ask A about them.
Who's Joaquin■] \He's a famous pafrtter who lived here in the 19th
I I  century and did lots of paintings of the beaches...
Give your paper to A. A is a tourist. He / She will ask you about the names and places on your list. Give as much information as you can.
10A MORE FACTS ABOUT THE USA? Student B
a   Listen to A reading some sentences about the USA. Say if you think they're true or false.
b  Now read sentence 6 to A. Try to use the correct stress, A will guess if it's true or false.
c   Tell A if he / she is right, and explain why. Continue with sentences 7-10.
The USA has more national parks than Europe. True or falseT^
(j^think that's false.
That's right. The USA has 59 national | parks, and Europe has a total of 366... \
Are these statements true (T) or false (F)?
6 The USA has more national parks than Europe.
False. The USA has 59 national parks, and Europe has a total of 366. However, the US parks cower 210.000 km2, a larger area than all the European parks.
7 The top holiday destination abroad for Americans is Britain. False, Mexico is the number 1 destination for Americans travelling abroad on holiday.
8 The USA has 5% of the world's population, but 25% of the world's prisoners.
True. The prison population has increased by 700% since 1971, to almost 22 million.
9 The Declaration of Independence was signed in 1876. False. It was signed in 1776.
10 Häagen-Dazs is an American company.
True, It was started by the Mattus brothers in New York in 1976. They chose the name because they thought it sounded Danish and they admired Denmark and its culture.
1  DESCRIBING A ROOM
a   Read Ana's description of her room. Would you like a room like this? Why (not)?
b   Read the description again. Match the information to the paragraphs,
the size and colour of the room what furniture there is which room it is and where why she likes it
c Complete the gaps in the description with a preposition from the list. Some prepositions are used more than once.
above   at  from   in   inside   on with
d  You're going to write a description of your favourite room. Plan the description. Use 1-4 in b to help you.
e  Write the description of the room in four paragraphs. Use Vocabulary Bank
Adjective suffixes p.152 to help you.
f   Check your description for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
©P-13
My pink room
I've just finished university, so I'm living Vat my parents' house at the moment,
2_my old bedroom. It hasn't
changed since I was a teenager.
2 It's quite a big room, with one window. The wails are pale pink and the door and the window frame are much darker pink. We painted the room when we first moved there when I was 13, and f'm 23 now but f still love the colour. Along one woll there's a huge wardrobe with a full-length mirror3 the door, so I have plenty of space for ail my clothes and shoes and Jewellery. There's a glittery disco ball hanging 4_the ceiling5_the middle of the room.
3 My bed is pointed bright pink, and has lots of cushions
*_If, I have the same desk I've had since I was really
little. It's pushed right up against the wall and J_        _ ttie desk there ore some wooden shelves that my dad put up. That's where I keep my diaries, books, and some plants, There's also a big pink and yellow rug 3 the floor.
There's an armchair*_the comer which my mum
didn't want any more. It's got yellow and blue stripes. It's really comfortable but quite ugly, and the colours don't match the rest of the room. I've covered it10 a blanket which is
also pink to hide it.
4 Some people might think my room is quite girlie because It has so many pink things. It's a bit like me. I suppose, and ttiat's probably why I still like it I
2 HOLIDAY MESSAGES
a   Read the holiday messages people have sent to their friends. Who Is on holiday now? Who is going to have a holiday soon? Who has just finished a holiday?
b Read the messages again. How does each person feel? What words and phrases or symbols do they use to express their feelings?
c   Read the Writing messages box. Then rewrite the last five messages using full sentences.
JD Writing messages
When people write messages, they often leave out words in sentences, pronouns, for example, and auxiliary verbs like i'm, I've, it's, and there is / are, This is acceptable in messages and tweets but not in formal writing,
Having the most amazing experience = I'm having the most amazing experience.
Another hard day - It's been another hard day.
3 noisy children sitting behind me = There are three noisy children sitting behind me
d   Imagine you're having a four-day holiday. Plan where you are going and what you are doing on the days and times below.
• the evening before your holiday
• the first morning of your holiday
• the second and third days
• the last evening of your holiday
• the day after your holiday is over
e   Write short messages to friends for each of the days and times in d- Write them first in normal sentences and then try to make them shorter, like the messages in a.
f    Check your messages to make sure they are clear. Can you make them any shorter?
Qp.19
Caroline
Having the most amazing experience in Ibiza! Met fantastic people, but have put on 3 kilos in A days!
1
Mark
Another hard day: reading, having a nap by the pool, eating, and sunbathing, *„■
Mid! Jel
Oh no! 1 noisy children sitting behind me on my plane to IA. Going to be the longest flight of my life.
Haylee
43 hours until I'll be in Rio sipping ť?^*  a piňa colada - or is it a caipirinha?
Can't wait!
18.05
'.V:
Sheila
Just got to Cuzco! So beautiful here! After 13 hours on bus, am ready for a shower!
Andrew
Packing bags, Holidays really stressful! Not sure that want to go! *_*
Danielle
Got back an hour ago - plants dead and no milk in fridge. Please send me back to the beach,
Sam
Making the most of last glorious morning in sun. Going home this p.m. Back to work tomorrow, y
3 AN ARTICLE
Three tips for taking great portrait photos
In most photos, the subject is looking at the camera. This is often a good idea, but there are other things you Can try. You might ask the person to look at something outside the photo. This can make a photo more interesting - viewers want to know what the person is looking at. Or the person could be looking at something (or someone) that is in the picture.
Many people are very uncomfortable when they are having their photo taken and don't know how to relax. One good idea to help them is to photograph them while they;sre doing something they enjoy, for example, working, or chatting to their friends or family. This will help them relax, and you will get better pictures. This is especially helpful if you are taking pictures of children.
If you change the angle or the perspective of your photos, you can make them more interesting and unusual. Get up high, for example, stand on a table or chair, and look down on your subject. Another possibility is to sit on the floor arid look up. Both of these angles will make the photo more original.
Look at the photos in the article from a photography website. Which of them do you like? How are they different from ordinary portraits of people?
Read the article and write the headings in the correct place. (There are two headings you do not need.)
Don't make them pose Try different angles Move away from the centre Take a close-up Don't look at me!
Read the article again, Which tip do you think is the most useful? Have you ever used any of these tips yourself?
You're going to write an article with three tips on one of the following topics:
How to take good holiday photos How to plan a successful holiday How to use colour in decorating
With a partner, plan the content of each tip. Think of a heading and say why the tip is helpful.
Useful language: tips and instructions Imperatives
Get up high and look down on your subject.
Don't make people pose. Possibilities
The person could be Jooking at something in the picture.
You might ask the person to look at something outside the photo.
One good idea is to photograph people while they are doing something.., Another possibility is to sit on the ffoor.
e   Write your article. Use your plan and the Useful language to help you.
f   Check your article for mistakes
[grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling),
Op-31
4 A LINKEDIN PROFILE
Linkedln is a website where you can connect with colleagues and school or university friends, who might be able to help you to find a new job. Read the beginning of Kate Lewis's profile. What kind of company do you think Shopping Spy Ltd is? What qualification do you think Kate is studying for?
Intern at Shopping Spy Ltd
London Retail
Current     Shopping Spy Ltd Previous Zara
Education Currently studying at University College London
b   Now read the rest of Kate's profile and check your answers to a.
Summary
1 arVl cun^ami^ studying at University College London for a degree in fr)™njcatjoji£ and Marketing and will gjBdaute in June. I am looking for a position in retail or marketing in the fashion industry, I am enthusiastic and hardworking, and keen to start in my new profusion.
I already have some exgjerence working in fashion. At present, I am working part-time as an intern at Shopping Spy Ltd., which is a website that helps shoppers find great shops and sales in London. I work in the online team, which provides essential information to customers and collegjjes. I have direct contact with customers, which I really enjoy. I have also had a part-time sales jot at the Zara store in Covent Garden, I greeted customers and asisted them with purchases. I also br^ouhgt out new stock, and worked at the till.
Experience Intern
Shopping Spy Ltd, London
September - present (9 months)
Sales assistant and cashier Zara, London
June - September 2019 (4 months)
c   Read the profile again. The computer has found eight spelling mistakes. Can
-J "-j^_f~*i_r^i—frJ-i_r1-1-!_ii-»i_m"~~1-i_m"~~1-i_mi-1-i_i
you correct them?
d  Imagine you are thinking of looking for a job. Plan your own profile.
Introduction
Give your name, employer's name, current and previous jobs, and your education level,
Summary Paragraph 1
Describe your present situation. Say what kind of job you are looking for and what kind of person you are. Paragraph 2
Give details about your work experience,
e   Write your profile for a site like Linkedln. (Or go to linkedin.com and create a profile.) Use the Useful language and Vocabulary Bank Study and work p,157 to help you.
j3 Useful language: writing a CV, covering letter, or Linkedln profile / am currently working ax/studying at...
t am looking for a position in the,., industry.
t fia^e..,years' experience working in. Punctuation
Use Capital letters for company names, countries, cities, and languages-
Check your profile for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
©p,43
5 AN INFORMAL EMAIL
I GO
imageOOl .prig
o
From: Bob Avers
To: Sally Ayers
Subject: Whai happened lo spring?
S 2nd April 13.05
Hi Sally,
Thanks for your email. Glad you're well We're so pleased to hear that you're enjoying London, Hope lhat you 1_too hard.
When your mother and 1 woke up this morning, this is what we saw! The
calendar says it's 2nd April, but the weather doesn't agree. It1_
for about lour hours non-stop now. We3 to clear the snow
all morning, so that we can drive to the supermarket and buy some food, Luckily,
I *_to Ihe weather forecast and they say it's all going lo mell
tomorrow.
Apart from the weather, there's not much news. Your mum 5_
hard, as usual. This week i6_the sheep to a different field.
We also had a problem with the tractor and we 7_
man to come and repair it. Fingers crossed he'll phone today.
lor the
w     j "
What 8_
. you.
.apart from working?
Miss you lots. Write soon, or at least send us a message!
Much love,
□ad
a Read an email from Bob to his daughter Sally, who is studying in London. What is the main subject of his email? How does he feel about it?
b   Read the email again and complete it with verbs from the list in the present perfect continuous. Use contractions If possible.
do  listen  move snow not study   try   wait work
c Find and underline three examples of sentences in which the subject pronoun (/, you, etc.] is missing.
d   Imagine you're replying to an email from a friend or family member. Plan what you're going to write.
1 Thank him / her for writing, and react to the news in his/her email.
2 Say what your main news is.
3 Taik about other things that you've been doing lately.
4 Ask what the person you're writing to has been doing, and to reply to any questions in the email.
e   Write the email. Use the Useful language to help you, and follow 1-4 in d.
0 Useful language: informal emails Thanking someone for an email
Thanks for your email/ message.
It was great to hear from you.
Glad you're well.
Mentioning previous emails
I'm so pleased / happy/ sad /sorry to hear that..
Asking someone to reply
Write (back) soon.'
Looking forward to hearing all your news, t can't wait to hear from you.
f    Check your email for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling}.
©p,53
119
6 A RESTAURANT REVIEW
a   Read two website reviews of the same restaurant. What do they agree about? What do they disagree about?
Bistro Giacomo
Cuisine: Italian I Location: Covent Garden, Central London
Reviews
Rafael. Barcelona
Value ®®®®® Atmosphere ®®®®0 Service®®®®® Focd®®®®0
Great place for a pre-theatre dinner
My girlfriend and I had a lovely dinner here before going to the thealre.
The service was excellent. Although we hadn't booked a table and the restaurant was quite busy, we didn't have to wait long for a table. The atmosphere was lively, with great music and people chatting.
Our dinner was perlect for a summer evening. For our slarler. we had a delicious brochette of cheese, mushrooms, herbs, and vegetables, For our main, we had tuna fusilli, then dessert and coffee, The bill was really very reasonable - quite a bil fess than in other similar places - and we were abfe to gel to the theatre in time for the performance. Wed definitely go back another lime,
Zoe, Oxford
Value ®®000 Atmosphere ®OOOQ Service ®®®<0O Food®®®®0
Good food, shame about the music
Pros: The service was Iriendly and helpful, and the food was very fresh and lasty. The house wine was also very good.
Cons: The music was too loud, so il was difficult for my friend and me to have a conversation. We asked our waitress lo turn it down a little, but she said she couldn't. Also, there are a lot of tables for the size of the restauranl. so we fell a bit cramped. On top of that, it was a bit pricey - the bill was much higher than wed expected.
Overall opinion: Did we enjoy it? Yes. Would we go again? Mot sure. There are plenty of other restaurants in the area with a better atmosphere, good food, and quiet music.
Read the reviews again. Which person..,?
1 organizes their review into good points and then bad points
2 gives more details about what they had to eat
3 explains why they were there and who they were there with
4 summarizes their opinion
Which person do you think gives the most useful information?
Look at the highlighted words in the reviews and work out their meanings. Then put the words in the correct place in the Useful language box.
£) Useful language: describing restaurants
the service
the atmosphere
the room
positive !
friendly helpful efficient excellent
1 lively
the food
the prices
cosy quiet spacious romantic
good value for money
negative I
unfriendly rude slow dreadful
dead
cold noisy
i
overcooked tasteless nothing special
expensive
d   You're going to write a website review of a cafě, bar, or restaurant you've been to recently. Plan your review.
Either follow the style of the first review and give the following information:
1 Say which place you went to, and who with.
2 Say why you decided to go there.
3 Describe the service and atmosphere,
4 Describe the food,
5 Say what you thought about the prices.
ů Say whether you would go back or not, and if not, why?
Or follow the style of the second review and use the following headings:
Pros  Cons  Overall opinion
e  Write your review. Use the Useful language and Vocabulary Bank At a restaurant p.160 to help you.
f   Check your review for mistakes [grammar,
vocabuIary, punctuation, andspelling).      Qp.59
7 DESCRIBING A BUILDING
The most beautiful building 'which I've visited in my city is the Hagia Sophia. It is situated in a historic part of Istanbul called Sultanahmet.
The Hagia Sophia was constructed on the orders of Justinian I, 3 who was emperor of Rome from 527 to 565 AD. It was built on the spot swhich two other churches had burned down. Construction began in 532 and the building was completed in 537. In 1455, it became a mosque, and it has been a museum since 1935.
The Hagia Sophia was the world's largest cathedral for nearly a thousand years and it is famous for its large dome. It is surrounded by four tall minarets, each of "that is different. There is also a lovely park in front of the building. ■■ where you can relax and enjoy the view.
When you go into the Hagia Sophia, you can look up at the dome. 6thet has beautiful Arabic writing in the centre. On
the second floor, there are beautiful mosaics on the walls. Some of them are more than a thousand years old, In the north-west of the building, there is a column 7that has a hole in the middle called the Wishing Column. swho people think has special powers.
The building is open from 9,00 a.m. to 5.00 p.m. (7.00 p.m. in summer). It is closed on Mondays. There is an entrance fee of 60 Turkish lira (about 10 euros), but children under S are free.
a   Read the description of the Hagia Sophia, In which photo can you see a) a minaret, b] a mosaic?
b   Read the description again and match the questions to paragraphs 1-5. a     When is it open? How much does it cost to go in? b     What does it look, like outside? c      What does it look like inside? d     What's the most beautiful or interesting building
in your town or city? Where is It? e      Who was it built by? When was it built?
c   Look at the highlighted relative pronouns. Are they right (/} or wrong [/)? Correct the wrong ones.
d   Which relative pronoun could be left out?
Defining and non-defining relative clauses Relative clauses add information to a sentence about a place, person, or thing. They are introduced with a relative pronoun (who, which, where, whose and sometimes that).
• In defining relative clauses, the information is essential, and that can replace who or which,
St Paul's is the cathedra/ which / that has a huge dome.
• We can omit the relative pronoun when the verbs in the main clause and the relative clause have a different subject, where and whose can never be omitted. There's the man (who) I saw yesterday in the park.
• In non-defining relative clauses, the information isn't essential and the sentence makes sense without it. We use a comma before and after the clause (or a full stop if the clause comes at the end of a sentence). We cannot omit the relative pronoun, and that cannot be used instead of who or which.
Christopher Wren, who designed St Paul's cathedral, is buried in the crypt-
e   You're going to write a description of a building in your town or city for a tourism website. Plan what you're going to write. Answer the questions in b in the correct order. You may need to research some of the information.
f   Write your description. Use the Useful language to help you.
£) Useful language: describing a building it is situated in,.. It was designed / built by.,. Construction began / was compfeted in,.. his famous for...
When you go in / Inside, you can see... There is / are.,.
Check your description for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
Qp.63
8 A STORY
a   Read Matt's story about his wedding day. What problem was there?
b   Complete the story with an adverb or adverbial phrase -from the list. Some can go in more than one place-in fact   in the end   fortunately   luckily unfortunately
Adverbs
Adverbs can describe an action or modify adjectives or other adverbs. They can be one word or a phrase, and can help to make a story more vivid. Sentence adverbs refer to the whole sentence and not just part of it. They usually go at the start of a sentence and often show the writer's opinion.
C   Correct the ten underlined mistakes (grammar, vocabulary punctuation, and sjjejlrng).
d   Look at the exam question below.
* Your English teacher has asked you to write a story
* Your story must have one of the following titles: I won it!
It was so embarrassing) A day I'd like to forget!
* Write your story.
You're going to write a story. Choose your title and think of some ideas for your topic.
e   Plan your story. Think about:
1 where and when the event / moment happened
2 what was happening at the start of the story
3 what actually happened on that day
4 how you felt about it then, and how you feel now
f   Write your story. Use the Useful language to help you.
Useful language: telling a story with sentence adverbs Unfortunate/y / Sadly, there was a big traffic jam before our wedding.
Fortunajtefy / Luckify, we had a map and found a faster way. Eventuaffy / Finally / In the end, we arrived at the church /ust before the ceremony.
Surprisingly / Amazingly / interestingly, we were the first people to arrive at the church.
in fact / Actually, we were the only ones there for 30 minutes.
g   Check your story for mistakes [grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
©p.93
The most important day of my life
I think the most important day of my life was my wedding day. My wife and I got married five years ago in a little church in the countryside. The weather was perfect - sunny and warm. It wasnt a very big wedding - we only have about 20 gests -but it was very beautiful. However, there was one problem. We werej^red a woman to play the violin at the wedding ceremony
but'_she lost and never
arrived. That was a stressed situation for all
of us,2_ _, there was a piano
in the church and one of ihe bridesmaids, my wife's niece, was an excellent piano player. She was prepared to play for us, but she didn't really know any wedding music.
3_, my brother had his
iPad so we downloaded the score for some
wedding music, and*__
our niece played the music very good.
s_ , I think she was better
than a proffessionai musician because she was part of our family, and of corse it Is a great story. Nov/ we have two small children who love to here the story of our wedding music.
9 AN EXAM TASK
a   Read the essay topic and the student essay. Does the writer agree or disagree with the statement?
b  Read the essay again. In which paragraph does the writer...?
Your class has just had a discussion about exams and education. Your teacher has asked you to write an essay on the topic below. Wrile about 200 words.
Exams are not a good way of testing what students know. Do you agree or disagree?
O 'n most countries around the world, students are tested on what they know through exams, both at school and at university.
A In general, I think testing through exams is a good thing. Firstly, it is a fair system
all students have to do the same thing in the same period of time with no help. Secondly, having exams makes students work harder. It is well known that many students only
really work hard 1_ _they know they
have an exam in the near future. Thirdly, the only real alternative is continuous assessment. This System benefits young people whose parents are closely involved in their education and help them
with projects,3_it isn't as fair as an
exam. In continuous assessment, it is also much more difficult to stop students from cheating by using other people's work from the internet *_their own.
Q The only real disadvantage of exams is that some students get very nervous and don't do th ei r
best,5_ _ learning relaxation techniques
is a good way of helping with this problem.
Q In conclusion, *_ _the exam system is not
perfect, it is, in my opinion, the best way there is of testing students' knowledge.
Paragraph	give his / her opinion and three reasons for it
Paragraph	give a summary of his / her opinion
Paragraph	give an introduction to the topic
Paragraph	give a contrasting opinion
c   Read the essay again and complete it with a connecting word or phrase from the list.
although  because  but  instead of so when
d  You're going to write an essay for an exam. The topic is:
It is not a good idea to cram the evening before an exam.
Think about whether you agree or disagree with the statement. Plan your essay in four paragraphs. Use b to help you.
Write your essay. Use the Useful language to help you.
j2> Useful language: essays Generalizing
In general,.,.
It is well known that...
Generally speaking,...
In most countries around the world,...
Giving your opinion
I think...
In my opinion,.,.
Organizing points
Firstly / Secondly / Thirdly,...
Contrasting opinions
The only real disadvantage of... is that... One disadvantage of... is that... On the other hand,,..
Conclusions
In conclusion,...
f   Check your essay for mistakes (grammar, vocabulary, punctuation, and spelling).
Op-101
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Listening
© 1.4
1
Interviewer Excuse me, I'm doing a survey. Can I
ask you some questions about your name? Sean OK.
Inter* iewe r So. what's your name?
Sean Sean Gibson.
Interviewer [sthat5-E-A-N Of S-H-A-U-N? Sean S-E-A-N.
interviewer Why did your patents call you that?
Sean I think I'm named after the attar Sean
Conner y. who p layed James Band in the fiOs. He was still very famous at the time when I was born.
Interviewer Do you have a nickname?
Sean Yes, at school they used to call me 'Grbbo' because of my surname. Gibson. I didn't really mind it because most people were called by Feme nickname c niher.
Interviewer And are you happy with your first name?
Sean Mmm, I like it, I was usually the only Sean at school, which I think was quite a good thing. But people find it quite difficult to spell, especially as there are two possible spellings, and most foreign people find it really difficult to pronounce.
interuiewer Would you like to change it?
Sean No. no, I definitely wouldn't change it.
2
Interv Iewe r So, what's your name? Deborah Deborah.
Interviewer rs that with an h a| the end?
Deborah Yes, D-E-e-O-ft-AH.
Interviewer Why did your parents caII you that?
Deborah Ah, I'm actually named after the hospital where I was born. Deborah Hospital in New Jersey - near New York, My dad thought of that-
Interuiewer Do you have a nickname?
Deborah No, but everyone calk me Debbie or Deb for short.
Interviewer Are you nappy with your name?
Deborah Not really.
Interviewer Would you like to change it? Deborah ! don't know. When I vvas little, I started
calling myself April and then Caroline, but now I
don't like those names either.
3
Interviewer What's your name? Khari iChairi.
Interviewer How do you spel! it? Khari K-H-A-R-l. Interviewer Sorry, K-A'H...? Khari No, K-H-A-H-l.
Interv iewe r Why did you r parents ca II you that?
Khari 1t was my mum's idea. When she was young She went travelling in the Himalayas and she stayed at a monastery in Nepal called 'Khari' - l think she said it was a-so the name of the lama.
Interviewer Lama?
Khari Yeah, (he head priest there. You know, like the Dalai Lama. Apparently Khan means'the precious one'
Interviewer Oh. OKI Thanks, that's really interesting. Do you have a nickname?
Khari No I don't.
interviewer Arc you happy with your name? Khari Yeah.
interviewer Would you like to change it? Khari No. no way. My name's unique, I'm proud ot it.
Interviewer What's your name?
Anya It'sAnya. A-N-V-A.
Interviewer Why did your parents c ail you that?
Anya Well, my dad's half-Polish, and my parents wanted a Polish name. My mum originally wanted to call me Agniesika. but my dad thought it would be too hard to spell, so they decided on Anya.
Interviewer Doyou iia^o a nickname?
Anya I do, but I don't want to tell you what it is - it's
too embarrassing. Interviewer Ate you happy with your name? Anya Yes, I am - it's quite an unusual name in
the UK. I only know one other Anya. I think it's
more common in Poland, hut there it's spelt
A-N-l-A.
Interviewer Would you like to change your name? Anya No. I really tike it. I often get compliments about it.
01.8
Interviewer Today we're talking to the Creative Director of a business that names companies and products. Welcome, John.
John Hello, Sarah.
Interviewer So, how do companies go about choosing their names?
John   Oh, in all sorts of ways. Many, like Surberry clothes and accessories, and Ferrari cars, are named after the people who started them. Others are combination woids, such as Vodafone, which is from letters in the words Voice. Data, and Telephone - though actually, they changed the P-H in telephone to F- And Microsoft comes from the words Microcomputer and Software,
Interviewer Interesting...
John And other names come from phrases in the local language. A good example of that is Samsung, the big Korean electronics company, in Korean, Samsung means 'three stars'. The name was chosen back in the year 1938. and at that time three stars was the most impressive rating that people could imagine for hotels and things like that.
Interviewer So if they'd started the company today they would probably have called it 'five stars' -whatever that is in Korean,
John Absolutely. Some names even come from Latin - the name of the cosmetics company Nivea comes from the Latin word 'niveus.', which means 'snow white'. And talking of Latin, there's another famous brand name with a classical connection, which is Nike.
Interviewer I think l know this one. Nike is the Greek goddess of victory. Is that right'
John Yes, exactly. However, 'Nike' wasn't the company's original name. When it started in 1964. its original name was Blue Ribbon Spotts. They changed their name to Mike a few years later in 1971.
Interviewer I didn't know that.
John And a name ideally needs to have a strong sound. Take the coffee chain Starbucks, which was founded by two teachers and a wiitei. who decided to set up a business seiling high-quality coffee beans and roasting equipment. Their advertising agency advised them that the letters S-T were powerful, and so they brainstormed words beginning with these letters and thought of a character called Starbuck from a 19th century novel. The name didn't have anything
to do with coffee, but they said that 'the sound seemed to make sense'. Interviewer And do you have a favourite brand name?
John Weli, one of my favourites is Bluetooth. This one comes from the name of a Viking king, Haraid Blatand. so called because he had a dead tooth which had turned blue - Blatand means 'blue tooth' in Danish. This king believed in good communication between people, which is an excellent model for a company developing new communication technologies. But also, the iocj-o for Bluetooth on your phone screen, tlio B-shape, is made up of the two Viking letters For
the king's initials-the symbols for H (Ha raid) and
B (Blatand). I love that. Interviewer Brilliant. Thank you so much, John, for
speaking with us this afternoon, John You're very welcome.
® 1.13
Look around you. Colour is everywhere in our lives. Did you know that, according to some experts, there are as many as 10 millton possible colours in our world, though many are too complex for the human aye. So how much do you really know about colour? Here are some fascinating facts.
Researc h shows th at the world's most popu la r colour is blue, followed by purple, red, and green, while white, orange, and yellow are our least favourite colours.
Works of art using the colour red tend to be more expensive. This is because it's a powerful colour, which is considered lucky in many countries, such as China. The most expensive works by the artist Mark Ftothko, for example, whose paintings are mainly just blocks of colour, are his two red paintings. The word orange didn't describe a specific colour in English until the 16th century, when it was named after the fruit. Instead, people used the old English word 'geoluhread' which meant 'yellow-red'. This is why we have the word 'redhead' for people with this colour of hair.
Pink has a Calming elfect and reduces anger and anxiety. Many prisons and hospitals paint their walls pink, to make prisoners and patients less anxious. In imperial Rome, the colour purple was produced with an extremely expensive dye made from thousands of seashells. The colour symbolized the power and wealth of the Roman Empire, and by the fourth century AD, only the emperor was allowed to wear it.
Mosquitoes are attracted to dark colours, especially blue. So, if you're planning to be outside in the evening in an area with a lot of mosquitoes, be careful what, colour clothes you wear. There is no such thing as a green mammgl, even though it's a perfectly common colour for birds, reptiles, fish, and insects. One reason might be that most mammals can't see this colour, so it doesn't help with camouflage
Van Gogh said that ye How was the colour of happiness, and it's the main colour of many of his paintings between 1880 and 1890. The Dutch painter suffered from epilepsy, and doctors may nave given him the drug 'digitalis', which can cause people to see this colour very strongly. The safestcolourforacar is white- Studies show that it is the most visible colour in all driving conditions except snow. Most diamonds in their natural state are brown. These are used in industry as cutting tools rather than in jewellery. The largest cut diamond in the
124
world is this colour. It was found in 19B5 in South Africa and weighs 109 grams. The name for trie colour black hasn't always meant 'dark'. It comes from the root word Wifecj', which meant 'to burn, gleam, or shine'. This may explain why in languages like French and Spanish, bfanc or bianco are actually the words for white. These are just a few of the fascinating facts I discovered when I was researching colour. The next time you make a choice about colour, for example, for a new car, do some research first to find out exactly what it means.
r$ 2.7
In reverse order, here's the list of the things that the British most often leave behind when they go on holiday. At number ten we have - passports. At number nine, flip-flops. Number eight, mobile phones.
At number seven, toothbrushes, and at number six, toothpaste. At number five, sung lasses, a nd at number four, a good book. So, to the things people forget the most often, At number three, sunscreen, At number two, phone chargers. And finally, the numberone thing people forget to bring is... comfortable shoes!
© 2.9
The holiday season is here, and many of you will be about to travel, and that means that you need to start thinking about packing. Packing is often something we do at the last minute, and we frequently get it wrong - we take too much and then have to pay for extra luggage, or we forget some really important items. Often when we arrive and unpack, our clothes need ironing before we can wear thern. So, [o make things easier, here are my top eight tips for perfect packing, My first tip is 'Don't pack too much'. Put all the clothes you think you want to take on your bed. Then put a third of them, yes, a third, back in the cupboard. And only pack things you really love, otherwise you probably won't wear them, Now to my second tip, 'Keep some space in your suitcase for shopping.' If you're planning to do some serious clothes shopping when you're away, or if you love buying souvenirs, or you want to buy presents for the larpry, make sure there's some empty space =n your case. Think about what you m:ght want to buy, and how much space you'll need.
My third tip is 'Pack in the right order'. Think about your itinerary, and put your first day's clothes at the top and your last day's clothes at the bottom. Then, if you don't have space to unpack everything, you can just leave your suitcase under the bed, and every morning you'll easily find what you want to wear. OK, tip number 4. 'Make sure yourcfothes arrive Fooking good.' Learn to pack your clothes like a professional. Roll your jeans. T-shirts, and pyjamas. The only things you really need to fold are shirts and jackets. Where possible, travel with clothes that don't need ironing.
My fifth tip is 'Keep yourchargers and adaptors together'. We all need chargers for our gadgets these days. Pack them all together in a separate smal I bag, with adaptors if you're going to need them. It's also a good idea to put this bag in your hand luggage, and not in your checked-in luggage, to avrjid losing it.
Tip number 6. 'Use shoe bags.' Never allow your shoes to have direct contact with your clothes-use shoe bags to keep them separate, and put socks and underwear inside your shoes. Tip number 7. 'Think about airport security.' If you're travelling with hand luggage only, put your wash bag at the top or in an outside pocket of your case, so you can easily take it out it at security. The same is true of laptops, tablets, and anything you might need to put on a separate tray. And finally, my eighth tip, 'Buy a travel wallet.' It'sa good idea to print outall your important
documents, like your itinerary or travel insurance, and keep them with your passport in a special wallet. It's true that nowadays you can keep a lot of documents on your phone, including boarding passes. But you might lose your phone, or it may run out of battery just when you need it- So now you're ready to go Have a great ho'iday!
f© 2.21
1 Caroli do a lot of shopping online, I love how convenient it is you know, I can be in my pyjamas and do the food shopping for the week or clothes shoppi ng, but one thi ng I hate about it though is how difficult it is to sort out a ny problems because, you k now,
if you buy something in a shop, you go back to the shop and you sort it out, but if you've bought something online, returning it can be a pain, especially getting something replaced or changed if it's broken - ifs just a huge nightmare.
2 Alex I love online shopping, I guess because it's so convenient, because I can do it at any time of day or night and I can do it from home. I don't particularly like going shopping so lhat'sa real bonus for me, But I hate having to send things back, particularly shoes. They never seem to fit when 1 buy them onl ine.
3 David I do quite a lot of shopping online, Mainly food -1 usually do my supermarket shopping online. What I like best is that I don't have to take the shopping home. I live at the top of a hill and I used to have to walk up the hill with a whole load of shopping bags, It was a real pain. The only thing l really don't like is that online, it's easy not to notice what size the packets are, so you Can end up with a huge packet of things when you only want a tiny amount. For example, I ordered a box of tea bags and I wanted a small box of 40 bags, but I didn't read the description properly and I ended up with a huge box with 460 tea bags-
4 Anns I do a lot of online browsing, .coking for things I might buy. Mot really for clothes, more shopping tor, kind of, cooking things, or things on Amazon, presents for friends, that sort of thing. I love the fact that you have access to all kinds of shops, and access to brands that you can't necessari ly find in shops that a re near where you live. But I don't like not being abfe to feel things or know exactly what the colours are -they're often different from what you see online.
5 Chris 1 do a tot of shopping online because I'm not very keen on going to places where there are crowds of people and it's really busy. It's great being able to avoid the big department stores and shopping streets especially at weekends, where you can hardly walk on the pavement because there are so many people there.
The only thing I hate is people delivering things when I'm not in. Some companies are really good and give you a one hour delivery window, but with others they say they'll deliver between eight in the morning and seven in the evening, so you stay in alt day but then just when you need to go out for an hour, that's when they come. That's so annoying.
(|) 3.2 Part 1
Interviewer Welcome back. Up next, age and the generation gap We know how hard it can be to tell someone's age, but in fact it turns out there may be a way that's quite simple. It's called the 'Mosquito Tone Test', and Mark is here to tell us more.
Mark Thanks, Sue. The Mosquito Tone is a sound - a -/ery high pitched, tfery anroying sound, which is why it's named after the insect. What's interesting is that apparently as we age, we slowly lose our ability to hear this sound. According to scientists, almost everyone under the age of 25 can hear the Mosquito Tone, but
almost no one over 25 can hear it!
Interviewer Really! Is that right?
Mark res. And to test this out, I actually played the tone for my family fast night, My wife and I heard absolutely nothing at all. but our teenage daughters could hear it, and in fact they complained that it was an irritating sound that was quite painful to hear.
Ente rviewe r Oh no! Wei I, at the risk of irritating some of our younger listeners' ears, why don't we play the tone briefly now?
Mark OK, here goes. I'm playing the tone in 3, 2, 1...
Interviewer Have you played the tone yet?
Mark 1 just did, Or, at feast, I think I did, lnt«rviower Wei;. I suppose that just confirms that neither of usare under 25t
$3.3
Part 2
Interviewer Now Mark, apart from testing a person's age, what is the Mosquito Tone being used for?
Mark This has actually become an interesting controversy. Because the sound is so annoying, and because only the young can hear it, the Mosquito Tone is being used to keep teenagers away from certain places.
Interviewer What kinds of places?
Mark Well, for example, from shopping centres, As you know, in some towns you gel large groups of young people hanging around shopping centres and causing trouble- And some shop owners say that these gangs can annoy other customers, or frighten them away, which is obviously not good for business. So now these centres can play the Mosquito Tone over their audio system, and the groups of teenagers will feel uncomfortable and leave the area. But of course the sound won't annoy the other customers at all, as they don't hear it
interviewer Have you spoken to any of these shop owners?
Mark Ves, I have, and (hey said that (he Mosquito Tone has worked very well for them. And they also said that although it's true that the Mosquito Tone is certainly very annoying, it doesn't hurt the teenagers.
Inte rvie war It sounds like rather a good idea to me, But you said this was a controversy- Who's against it?
Mark Well, there are some groups of people who are trying to ban the Mosquito Tone, They've pointed out a number of problems with it. Firstly, they worry that [he sound really is harmful, but more to the point they say that the Mosquito Tone affects all young people, some of whom are well-behaved and just want to go shopping. And finally, they say that the Mosquito Tone doesn't actually stop the problem of teenage gangs, it just dnves them from one place to another.
Interviewer These do seem like good points,
Mark Ves, indeed. And there's also an interesting" twist. Same teenagers have dhscovered an advantage to the Mosquito Tone,
Interviewer Oh yes?
Mark Well, the Mosquito Tone has also been released as a ringlone for your mobile. So in secondary schools that don't permit mobile phones, teens can use their phones in class. They can receive calls and messages during lessons and tea chers don't have a ny idea what is happening.
interviewer Berause the teacher can't hear ill Thet
must really annoy them. Mark That's right. And if they can't hear it, they
can't...
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© 3.14
You don't need expensive photographic equipment to take amazing photos. The camera on your phone can be just as good. Here are my top ten tips for is king great photos on your phone. Tip 1 Be- ready, n may be an obvious thing to say, but remember To change your phone and to keep your Ions clean. I carry a charger with mc most of the time. Also, keep your phone in your hand, not in your bag. I always keep my phone in camera mode so that when I unlock it, it's ready to take pictures. Tip 2 Don't think twice. Take photos whenever you want and of whatever you want! There's nothing to lose. Some moments will never be repeated. If you don't like your picture, you can always delete it. but you can't turn back time.
Tip 3 Loam about your phone camera. Read your phone manual, and make sure you're using your camera in the best way. Sometimes little tips can really help you to improve your photos. Learn how you can control the exposure, or focus on the objects better. Know the strengths and weaknesses of your phone camera, My iphone isn't good at night photography, so I try to only use it in the day time.
Tip 4 Don't use zoom. Don't forget that this is just a phone- H doesn't work like a camera with a DSLR fens, if you want to ta ke a close-up of something, uso your legs and move nearer! Tip 5 Light is important. Good photography is all about using light well. Even the most boring composition will be saved by good use of light, whether it's day or evening. Tip 6 Use the grid, imagine your picture is divided into nine equal squares. This is called 'the grid'. The important parts of your photo should be positioned where the lines cross. Learn to use the grid, and then, just as importantly, learn to do without it. Tip 7 Chqose unique angles- Try looking at objects from a new perspective, Take a picture from the dog's view!
Tip & Don't stick to one style, A lot of people nowadays try to take photos in the same style or colours. Oon'tdo this! Show yOu( creativity. Take any photos you like, landscapes, portraits, or unusual compositions. Your own unique style will develop.
Tip V Select and edit. Be selective! Choose only your best pictures and then edit those. There
are many apps that will help you to do this. But remember that sometimes a picture can be better without any filters.
Tip 10 Make your pictures come alive. Print your pictures, send them as postcards, give them to your friends, and hang them on your walls. Holding your photos in your hands is such a lovely feeling, much nicer than looking at them on a screen.
® 3.19
1 Chris I took this photo last year when ! was in Uganda, I was there working for three weeks with a charity, and be fu ro goi ng back to Londo n, the two friends I was working with and 1 decided to go and see the mountain gorillas which live in the rainforest on the border of Uganda. On the day of the trek, I was feeling very nervous because I wasn't sure whether I would manage It. I'm not very fit, and we basically had to walk up the mountain in the rainforest until we found the gorillas, which could take as long as five or six hours. Luckily, after two hours, just when I was wandering if I could carry on, we found them, The first gorilla we saw was this Silverback, which is the large dominant male in the group. I couldn't believe my eyes - he was so dose, only about a couple of metres away. i'll never forget that moment. We stayed with the gorillas for an hour, and then walked back down again. I love this photo because >t reminds me of that moment, how proud and relieved I was to have got there, and probably the most amazing wildlife experience I've ever had. i keep it on my
computer as my desktop background and when I'm sitting working in rainy England, it reminds me of another world.
i Tom So, i toofc this photo in Australia, when i was visiting my girlfriend, Roz. She was studying out there for a year, it was taken in Byron Bay, which is the most easterly point of the Australian ma-.nland. We were out walking along the beach, and in Byron, when the sun sets, it's- a rea Hy special occasion, lots of people g o ou t onto the beach and watch the sun set over the bay, and so I took this photo just as the sun was setting. i really like the photo because I have some great memories of Byron Bay and Australia, because I'd been there before on my own, and i was really glad to go there with Roz. It was a really happy time of my life and we were having a lovely holiday. And I like that you can see the silhouettes of people on thesand and in the water a nd I love the way the I ight comes off the sea and sand- It's one of several photos, actually, from that trip, that we printed and it's in a frame on a wall in our house.
3 Kate This is a photo f realty like. Me and my partner, David, were staying with friends who live on the edge of Da r tm oor, a real ly wi Id and beautiful place in Devon, in the south west of the UK. We had a big lunch, and then we all decided to walk up to the top of the hill behind their house. The weather wasn't very good on most of the walk, in fact at one point it rained quite hard, but when we got to the hop, the sun came out and there was a glorious blue sky, and we could see the most fantastic view of the countryside. We asked another walker up there to take the photo for us. That's me and David in the middle, in red and green, with our little black dog. I like this photo because it's, so colourful and we all look really happy - it was just a lovely, memorable day. I have the photo on my phone and my iPad - at the moment, it's my Facebook profile photo.
fart 2
Interviewer So how did you oome up with the idea?
Tessa Well, I've always been worried about food waste. My parents have a farm in the north of Engla nd, in North Yorkshire, and I leamt as a child how much hard work goes into producing the food that we all eat. And sol grew up with the belief that food should be eaten, it ought not to be thrown away. But I got the idea for the app when I was living in Switzerland and I was pack ing up my II at because 1 was going to mcrve back to the UK. When the removal people came to take all my things, I still had in my fridge some potatoes, a cabbage, and some pots of yogurt. The men told me to throw away the food, but it seemed such a terrible thing to do, to throw away good food. The removal men didn't want it and my neighbours were out. and I thought to myself. 'This is absolutely crazy...this food is delicious. Why isn't there an app where I can share it with someone nearby who wants it?' And so the idea for OLIO was born... When I to cf my 1 r iend iaash a a bout it...
interviewer You co-founded OHO with yom friend Saasha. is that right?
Tessa Yes. Saasha has always been passionate about recycling, and when i told her my idea, her eyes immediately lit up - she got very excited. In just an h our of talking, we'd come up with a na me and made a plan.
Part 3
Interviewer So what happened next?
Tessa The first thing we did was some research, in order to understand how big the problem of food waste was, and what we discovered truly
shocked us. For example, did you know that in the UK, the average family throws away £700 worth of food each year? That adds up to 12.5 billion...£12.5billion that's going straight in the bin! But our research also showed that one in three people feel really terrible when they throw away good food. But just because people hate throwing away food, that doesn't mean they'll take the next step, which is to share food. We needed a cheap and quick way to test whether our food sharing idea would work.
Interviewer How did you do that?
Tarn We invited 12 people from our research survey who said they hated throwing away good food, and we put the m al I in a dosed whatsApp group. We asked them to post photos of any surp lus food they had into the g rou p for two weeks, and see if anyone wanted it. Eventually, someone posted an item - half a bag of onions! And then more and more items of Food were shared- Then, when the trial was over, we met face to face with everybody who took part, and asked for feed hack. Th e conclusion was unanimous - 'ifs an amazing idea'.
Interviewer So when did you actually launch the app?
Tessa We launched it on 9th July 2015, The very first version of the app could only be used in North London. But now it's being used in 41 countries.
Interviewer So people love it and are using it?
Tessa Absolutely. We get loads of messages on our website, and there was one lha other day from this guy -1'm going to read it to you - he said, 'I had some vegetables I knew l wouldn't have time to eat and within an hour they'd been collected and 1 suddenly felt like a hero!' That's so great. People are helping each other, and helping the planet, and feeling good all at the same time.
Part 1
Interviewer Recently in the news, students and graduates have been complaining about how interns ate treated, basically about the fact that many people doing internships are either very badly paid or not paid at all. We asked Jake Butler from the website savethestudent.org to give us the facts. Hello Jake, nice to have you on the programme.
Jake Hi there.
Interviewer So what's the current situation with
interns getting paid? Jake Well, I'd like to make it clear that at Save
the Student, we're strongly against unpaid
internships. And thankfully, the situation is better
than it used to be.
Interviewer Butane unpaid internships actual ly legal?
Jane they can be, it all depends on your status as an intern; that is, whether you qualify as 'a worker' or not- And the law isn't completely clear about what being 'a worker' means.
Intervie we r So how do you know ifyou shgufdbe getting paid?
Jake Well, if you're promised a contract for future work once the internship period is over, then you are an employee, so you're entitled to the National Minimum Wage - that's £7.70 an hour - or the National Living Wage if you're Over 25, which is £8.21 an hour,
Interviewer Are there any other situations in which you should definitely be paid?
Jake Yes, if you spend your day doing jobs that would usually be done by a paid employee, then you should also be paid the Minimum or Living wage.
Interviewer Su when is it legal for an employer not to pay an intern?
Jake You don't have to be paid if you're doing an internship as part of your university course, or if you're doing school work experience. And of
126
course, if you're volunteering for a charity, Interviewer Any Olh er situations?
Jake Yes, you also don't have to be paid if the role you have is similar to work experience or shadowing - where you are in an office or another workplace just to observe and learn about what's going on rather than actually wor ting. But. and this is very important, if you're not getting paid for doing an internship, you shouldn't be given fixed working hours.
Inter v i ewe r So the important ihing is to know you r rights?
Jake Absolutely!
Interviewer Thank you very muck Jake.
©4.17 Parti
Interviewer We're now asking people who either are interns, or have just been interns to phone in and tell us about their experiences. Our first Caller is Rosie. Hi Rosie, and thanks for calling. So. what's your experience?
Rosie Well, I wanted to work in fashion, making hats, to be precise, and in the fashion industry, it's a Imost i mpo ssible to gel a job unless you do an internship first, so I did several,
Interviewer And did you get pa id?
Rosie The most I got was about £15 a day ft>i lunch and transport. Compares gel so many applications for internships that they don't need to pay you.
Interviewer So it wasn't a good experience?
Rosie Actually, it was. It was very hard work, but I learnt loads about designing and making clothes. I sometimes worked later than 11 p.m., and that wasn't easy, but then I'd look in the newspapers and I'd see a model wearing a hat that I'd helped to make, and t he n I felt great.
interviewer But it can't haue been easy to survive, financially?
Rosie No, it wasn't. My pa rents we re able to help ma a bit, but I had to earn money by working in a bar as well.
Interviewer Would ya.j recommend doing an internship?
Rosie Oh yes, overall, I think they're brilliant. I'd definitely advise someone to do one - despite the hard work and the debt, you learn so much that it's worth it.
Interviewer Thank you, Rosie. Our next caller is Lauren, Hi Lauren,
Lauren Hello.
interv iewer So what was your experience lite?
Lauren I've done four internships in Publicity, My last one was two months at a small Public Relations agency. They paid for my travel expenses and lunch, and I learnt a lot. It really helped me when I applied for jobs because I knew what I wa s ta Iking about.
Interviewer So. a good experience.
Lauren Absolutely. But in the other three, I worked ten-hour days, six days a week, and I got no money at all, so i also had to work in a pub to support myself. And each time they told me, 'Do well and there'll be a job at the end of it.' But then there were no jobs. It made me so angry.
Interviewer And were you working during these internships, or was it more observing others?
Lauren I was working really hard. In fact, during one of those internships, the manager went on holiday for a month and I had to manage everything. And in another one, I worked from home, using my own phone, and I wasn't paid a penny, not even to covet the phone bill. I on ly met the boss once - it was all done by emai I. She promised me a job after three months, but it never happened.
Interviewer So you Felt you were being exploited?
Lauren Yes, totally,
Interv iewe r I'm really sorry to hear that. Launan._,
®S.7
1 Interviewer How do you watch TV programmes, on a television or on another device?
1 watch programmes on TV if I'm at home, or on my laptop, or on my if>ad-1 might watch something on my phone, if I was. I don't know. I suppose when something has happened on the news. I might watch it live, or something like that,
2 Interviewer Do you'two-screen'while watching TV? Whait k inds of things do you do?
Yes, I can often be guilty of perhaps checking emails cm my phone, or perhaps even doing a bit of online shopping while I'm watching TV. In fact, yesterday I was watching Masterchel. you know, the cookery competition, and I bought some small cake tins that you needed to make, to make a chocolate thing that one of the contestants was making.
3 Interviewer Do you noimally watch live TV or catch-up?
Both, though nowadays I watch mare catch-up. But I watch the news live and football, or tennis -Wimbledon - things like that.
4 I interviewer Have you ever binge watched a TV scries? How many episodes did you watch in one go?
I haven't done it foT along time, but I did on ce watch eight episodes in one sitting of Mad Men the American series. But as I say, it was a long time ago-
5 Interviewer Do you use a streaming service like Netflix? What do you like about it?
l have Netflix and I also buy things off Amazon Prime Video - is that a streaming service? I don't really use them for films, more for TV series, like old cmes I missed when they lirst came out. For example, a few months ago. I watched all the episodes of Etodeshead Revisited, the original series from the 60s, because I didn't see it then, but I'd heard that it was very good.
6 Interviewer How of ten do you watch YouTube, or on li n e channels I ike Apple? What kinds of things do you watch?
I sometimes watch YouTube - it's usually if I have a problem with my laptop or my phone and I want to (ind out how to fix it. and I somotimes, I sometimes, use it for watching people cook recipes, In fact, I ve just watched someone preparing a fish dish, because I'm going to cook it this evening.
7 Interviewer Do you ever interact with TV shows by voting for contestants?
Not very often, but I do like Strictly Come Dancing and I have voted several times for contestants, when they've done a real ly good dance. And or re,: was addicted to a TV show where the contestants were auditioning for a part in a West End musical and I really liked one young singer, so I voted for him every week. And eventually, he won, and I remember shouting and jumping off the sofa when the results were announced!
r3 B.io
I used to live in a village in the province of Sakaryj. It was an amazing place to live - just so beautiful. There's a large lake nearby and the hills are covered with pine trees - people go to picnic there. The coast is also not far away. When I lived there, it was as if time had stood still. People worked in the fields Somethings were annoying. ..there was no running water or elecIf icily - we had our own weII and generator- and there was only one shop. We had to wait for a minibus from the nearest town to bring fresh bread and the newspapers every morning! I worked in a school in a nearby town - in fact, the one that sent the bread and papers, I used to think, when I was living there, that there wasn't much choice of things to do, things to buy, but I made my own entertainment - I played tennis, went for waits, played the piano. In the end, I had to move for work, to Istanbul, which is the biggest and noisiest city in Turkey, and now I really miss the
fresh food and fresh fish, the peace and quiet. ® 5.17
Liz When I mewed in. the henuse was cold and absolutely filthy, and the cooker didn't work. I discovered everything in the countryside is more expensive; you have to drive miles to find a shop where everything costs twice as much as in my local supermarket in London. Local restaurants are really expensive and if you tell the waiter that you're a vegetarian, they look at you as if you were from Mars. I never fitted in, I think that in the country, if you're a woman, you'll never be accepted unless you're a lull-time mum. Another thing I hated was the shooting! I love animals, i had two homes and ruvn dogs, and 1 just couldn't pass a group of men with guns, shooting rabbits and deer, without getting out of my car and saying, 'Do you really have nothing better to do on a Saturday morning?' That didn't make me very popular. I became so lonely, I often used to sit in my car and listen to the kind voice of the satnav lady. After five years, I decided to go
back to London. I'd learnt thai an amazing view and a pair of nesting herons were not enough to make me happy. On my last night in the country, 1 sal oui side underneath millions of stars and I thought to myself, 'I've come to the end of a five-year prison sentence.' I promised myself I would never, ever go back. Bob The first thing we had to do was find new jobs. Jean got part-time work with a local company that sells meat products, and I did work as a lawyer. Two years later, we had a barn built, and my wife always wanted to have a donkey or a horse, but in the end we thought sheep were less destructive to the land, so we kept with the sheep, better for the land. So we started with four sheep, which we kept in the garden at first, and then we bought a field, and then we bought ten more sheep and sold six for meat, and that was the start of our sheep business. Now we've got 6B sheep and seven fields. At the moment, we've got 25 sheep that are expecting lambs, ready for the next season. In addition to that, we've got free-range hens which we rescued from battery farms. It hasn't all bean easy. Urn, it rains a lor where we live now, and, um, it gets incredibly muddy, and of course the work with the animals- it can get physically very hard. At first, we had a little bit of resistance - there were some local farmers who didn't really like newcomers - but we've always employed local peopte and we buy food in the local shops, and we try and engage with the local community as much as we possibly can. We sell our meat and eggs to neighbours and friends, and we produce wool from the sheep as well now. We haven't really ever considered moving back, because we really enjoy it. We loved life in the city, but we would never think about going back now.
® 6.6
1 l remember we once went to a restaurant in Portugal, beautiful location, upstairs overlooking the River Douro. We ordered some grilled sardines to share, and afters few minutes, the waiter came with a big plate of fried sardines and put them down on our table. And we thought, well, we'd ordered grilled sardines but hey, they're really busy and these look really nice. So we each took a fried sardine and ate it, at which point the waiter came back, and said, 'These aren't yours' and took them away, and in a few minutes came back with a plate of grilled sardines. So this was all fine, and we had a nice meal, but when we got the bill we saw that we'd been charged for both the fried sardines and the gri lied sardines. So we complai ned to the waiter and then to the manager and said, you know, 'This was your mistake.' But the manager said, basically, 'you ate them so you have to pay for them' and we had quite a long argument.
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Eventually, when we said that we wanted to make a formal, written complaint, very reluctantly he agreed to take them off the bill. We didn't leave a tip.
2 We went to lunch one Sunday in a place, a Parisian brasserie called Delaville- it's a beautiful place, it's from about 1900 with wonderful old furniture, mirrors and1 all that, really nice. vVe ordered very simple things like lasagne, which is easy to just heat up. but vre waited and waited and it didn't come. The place was crowded, but not completely fuII, and there were quite a few waiters, but when we realized that we had been waiting for two hours, we went to speak to them and we asked them, 'What about our food, have you forgotten us?' And instead ol apologizing, they were rea II y aggressive with US, SO we became more and more angry with thorn. Arid finally, we got our dishes arvd ate them and left. We should have left earlier, bur we kept thinking that the food would come and also it was too late to find sonrtewhere else. But it was a terrible experience, because it was a very famous place, very, with a good reputation where all the famous people go. But that's the type of service they offer. First I thought, maiybe they were treating us like that because we're no! famous, but in fact, I heard lots of other people complaining.
3 I had a table recently at the restaurant I'm working at in London and I went to all sorts of trouble with them. It was a group of six and there was a vegan and a coeliac - you know, someone who can't eat wheat, and anyway. I went through the menu with them and explained what they could have - there was even a woman who said she didn't like onions so I had to check all the dishes to make sure they didn't have any. There was also a little boy and I got the kitchen to make a plain omelette for him. Anyway, one of them, an elderf.y woman, asked for the bill, and she paid in cash, and when I came back with the change, she said. 'Don't worry about that, you've been great. Keep k.J It was lop. I mean. I know service was included, but in that case, much better not to tipat all. I left the tap an the table.
® 6.12
Presenter Inmany countries, tipping is an options I extra. But in the USA, it's a serious business! There are no actual laws on tipping, but the unwritten rule is that you should always leave a tip in a restaurant unless you want to deal with some very unhappy waiters. But how much is reasonable, and who exactly do you have to tip? Sally from the US is here to help us. Hello, Sally.
Sally ■
Presenter So first of all, why is it so important to leave a rip?
Sally l a bsolutely get that in countries where servers are pad well, you shouldn't have to tip at all, unless you want to because the service was great. But In the US, many servers earn just two to three dollars per hoj- for their services, because 11's assu rned that the tips wi II make it up to the minimum wage, which varies between the different states, but is generally around eight dollars per hour, in tips Now I know you may think [his is wrong, and many Americans, myself included, would agree, but that is the situation right now, until the law changes.
Prosents r And howmuch should you tip?
Sally A nor m a I g rat u ity is around 1S Co 20 per cen t of the check. But it can be as much as 25 per cent for amazing service, or in very expensive restaurants. It sounds a lot. but servers work really hard and I think generally they deserve it!
Presenter OK, so it doesn't often happen often, but what about if the service is bad? Do you still have to tip?
Sally I'd say you do. but if it really was bad maybe just 10% - that will give the message. And if you
feel you don't want to leave even that, then you should probably call the manager and complain, and explain why you're not leaving a tip.
Presenter Do you need to tip even if the restaurant has already added a service charge to your bi II?
Sally There's no automatic service charge added in the US, but some restaurants wil I add a gratuity to your check ifyou'rejn a biggroup of eight people or more, if it's a public holiday of sometimes if you're in a busy tourist area. You don't have to leave any more money if the check already includes the service charge.
Praia titer Do you have to tip for fast food or takeaway coffee?
Sally No, no. If you buy food or drinks over the counter, people don't usually leave any gratuity, but there's always a tip jar close by if you'd really like to!
Presenter And what should you do in bars?
Sally Well, take lots of dollar bills with you because the normal gratuity in bars is SI a drink. Order and pay for your drink at the bar, and leave the dollar bill on the bar. Don't worry about putting it
in the bartender's hand. <J)o.20
1 I love IKEA. Especially the bookshelves- We have several. And I'm usually pretty good at putting their stulf together. But I've had a few problems over the years. I remember I once hact some trouble with a wardrobe, After hours and hours, and a lot of swearing, M ina lly ma n aged to put it together. But I'd assembled it in my study, next to the bedroom, which was where the wardrobe was going, because I had more space there. And when my husband and I tried to move it into the bedroom, wc couldn't get it to fit through the door. So I had to take it to pieces, move all the bits into the bedroom, a nd start all over agai n. I suppose it was my fault though, not IKEA's. And the wardrobe looked very nice and has lasted for ages.
2 About three years ago, my girlfriend and I went to IKEA to buy a kitchen. The units were cheap and cheerful, but they also looked quite well-designed, and we were very excited by how good it was all going to look. The guy in the store said they were easy to put up, that it wouldn't take long, etc. etc., and I'm quite handy, quite practical, so I thought, no problem, though I admit my girlfriend was a bit sceptical, Anyway, when we got home, I thought I'd assemble one
c u pboa rd, >ust to see how easy it was goi ng to be. it was a nightmare. The instructions were incomprehensible - it took me the whole afternoon just to do this one cupboard and when it was finished, I realized I'd put the door handle on the wrong way round. In the end, we had to pay someone to come and do it allforus. But at ieastthey looked good-
3 l have lots of things from IKEA - it's great for Students because generally speaking it's pretty cheap. Anyway, I bought a table there with my boyfriend not long ago. We started putting the table together and at one point we had three legs screwed in. Then we reached for the screws to attach the fourth leg - and realized there were no more screws. We had to take off the other three legs, take one screw off every one of them and reassemble the table. So now at least it has four legs, but it's rather wobbly, and I'm not very happy with it. It does annoy me when thay don't give you the right number of nails or screws or whatever, and it's not the first time it's happened to me. Now I always check before I bhng stuff home.
<S)7.2
Story 1 Tonight, we're going to start with a good news story - wel I, good news for some people! Yesterday, bank customers in a village in Hampshire were thousands of pounds richer
after an ATM started giving out double the money people had asked for. When people heard the news, they rushed to take money out of the faulty machine, and long queues formed. For two hours, around 200 residents continued to withdraw money, it was mostly middlc-agod people, but a few children arrived On their bikes with their parents' bank cards, One villager, who asked not to be named, said that some people had used five or six bank cards and had got £300 tree with each card. At first people thought it was funny, but then some people became a bit aggressive when other people started pushing into the queue. Finally, after two hours, the police arrived and switched off the ATM. They even posted a message on Twitter to stop more people arriving, They warned that receiving too much money from o cash machine might be a crime, and that the bank wou Id ask people to pay back the money, However, later, the bank said that it wa sn't the customers' fau It and that no one would have to return the money.
Story 2 And finally on Texas News this Wednesday evening, the man who got trapped inside an ATM. Customers who were using an ATM in Corpus Christ! earlier today got a big surprise. Wi-i l- i'luy vrt.-i.-witi-oiiw.i-ig 'r.ori.-y 'n.vi the machine, several people received handwritten notes, asking for help.
A man, who asked not to be named, had locked himself in while he was changing the lock to the ATM room at the bank. Unfortunately, he'd left hrs cellphone and the swipe card he needed to get out of the room outside in his van. When he realized that he couldn't get out and couldn't phone for help, he started passing notes through the ATM receipt slot to customers who were taking out cash. One of them read, 'Please help. I'm stuck in here and 1 don't have my phone. Please call my boss!'
At first, the customers thought the notes were a trick. But eventually, one of them called the police. When the police arrived, they heard a very quiet voice coming from inside the ATM. An of ficer went into! he bank, broke down the door to the room behind the cash machine, and found the man. Senior Officer Richard Olden saiol, 'We thought it was a joke. It was just crazy that somebody was stuck in the ATM. Luckily, the man is OK.'
©7.12
1 Hi. Yeah, not bad.,, Yeah, it's half time.,, One-all. Yeah, there's a really goad crowd. The stadium's packed... No, no trouble. The Liverpool fans are making a bit of a noise, but nothing major,.. OK, I'll call you when it's over. With a bit of luck, we'll be in the semi-final in an hour's time,
2 A So. tefl me all about it!
B It was absolutely brilliant. We were in the second row, just rear tha stage, and when he was singing, I swear, a few times he looked right at me!
A Did he sing Baby Baby?
B Of course! All the best songs. It was just an amazing perform ance-
A Were Sandy and Annette there?
b Yeah, wo met for a drink in the fntorva I.
A Gosh, you're so lucky you got tickets!
3 A OK, I'm looking for tickets now.,. There's a
matinee at 3 o'clock and then it's on again in
the evening at 8.00. b Let's go at 8.00 if we can get seats, A Well, there aren't any in the Stalls, but there
are two upstairs in the circle, in the second
row.
B OK. Go for it. It's a small theatre anyway, so we should have a good view wherever we sit.
A OK. Right, we've got them. We can pick them up at the box office.
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© 7.18
1 And/ A few years ago, I wont to Wimbledon, the tennis championships, which take place in June in south-west London, and it's quite difficult to get tickets, but I was very lucky and got two tickets for the men's quarter-final matches on Centre Court, which are usually fantastically exciting with lots of big names. The tickets were very expensive, but I was realty pleased because they were right sn the front row. And
on the day, my partner and I, we got up and drove to Wimbledon, it tookahout two hours. And as we were driving, it started to rain — the weather forecast was for showers, and at that time therewasnoroof on Centre Court, and the players couldn't play if it was raining. But we got there, parked the car and went in and found our seats and sat under our umbrel la. Play was supposed to start at 2-00, and at 1.30 the rain stopped, then at 2.O0. the players canoe on and the atmosphere was brilliant, and then at 2.15... the rain started again! The match was stopped and the court was covered over, and that was atl the tennis we saw all day. We just sat there for four hours, hoping to see some more, but in the end we just went home, very cold and very disappointed. It was a very expensive 15 minutes.
2 Cathy Once, when my daughter was about 14, ourlgcal theatre, the Playhouse i-n Oxford, put on a play called The Woman in Bfacfc- It's a classic ghost story, full of suspense and quite scary - it's been made into a film starring Daniel Radcliffe, you know, who played Harry Potter, Anyway, I decided to take my daughter, and I got quite good seats in the stalls so she cou Id see well. When we got there, we found our seats and sat down. The theatre wasn't lull, but then just before the play was going to start, the rows of seats in front of us suddenly filled up with a group of about 30 teenagers. They were obviously a school group, and they were a hit noisy, but I thought they'd settte down when the play started. So the curtain went up and the audienoe went very quiet, and there was spooky music, and the tension started to grow, but then, every time anything happened on stage, the teenage girls in front of us screamed, even though nothing was really happening yet, so then we couldn't hear what the actors were saying for a few minutes until they quietened down ag ain. I n fact, they carried on doing this all the way through the first half, and it totally ruined the atmosphere for absolutely everyone. Their teachers obviously said som eth ing to them during the interval, or maybe someone had complained, but they weren't much better during the second half, it basically ruined the whole evening.
3 Clive I'd been a fan of Leonard Cohen since
I was a teenager, but I'd never ever heard him sing live. But then, in I think about 2009,1 read that he was going to do a worfd tour and that he was coming to Valencia in Spain where I lived, I was really excited and I thought. 'Even though he's in his mid-seventies, I'm finally going to get to hear him!' The concert was in September, tn the velodrome in Valencia, so in Ihe open-air. I went with a group of friends, and when he came on stage and started singing, I was amazed at how great his voice still was. We were having a wonderful evening, but then when he was on his fourth song, one of his old classics called Bird on the Wire, he suddenly colla psed on the stage! The other musicians all rushed up to help him and carried him off. We waited there, hoping that he was OK and that the concert would continue, but after almost an hour there was no announcement, nothing, and we thought maybe he'd died. Finally, someone came on and said that he'd been taken to hospital and so the concert wouldn't continue. We went home terribly disappointed. I'd waited all my life to hear
him sing live, and we just got three and a half songs. Luckily, he recovered, and went on with his tour, but he never came bac k to Valencia, a nd then he died in 2016, so I never got to hear hi m live again.
r*8) ;jLg
interviewer Dino, what made you choose
hairdressing? Dino F,r, I always liked ft from when I was child. I remember being taken to the barber's by my dad when I was a child in Greece, and I really loved the atmosphere there-Inter via war He wasn't a barbcr himself though? Dino N □, but my a un t was a hai rdreiser. Interviewer What sort of training did you do? Dino When I came to London, 1 went to the Vřdal Sassoon Academy. It was a two -year course -absolutely fantastic, very intense. I loved itl
Interviewer What sort of things do you love or hate doing in hairdressing?
Dino I love every ihing. There really isn't anything I don't like. And I do everything, cut. colour, highlights, straightening. Nowadays,some hairdressers specialize in maybe just colour, or just styling, but I think it's important to do everything,
Interviewer What do you think am important
qualrties fůr a hairdresser? Dino Well, as I just said, I think being able to do
every thin g - colour, styling, c utt ing - is very
important. I don't believe in specializing in just
one area.
Inter vie wa r Any ot her i mporta nt qua li ties?
Dino I th ink you n eed to be sociable, to be able to talk to people, calm them down if they're stressed, listen to Ihem if they want to talk.
Interviewer Do you enjoy that?
Pino Yes, i do. The sociable side of hairdressing was one of the things that attracted me to ■t. Even women who want to tell me all their problems - I don't mind it at all, it doesn't distract me.
Interviewer Are women chenrs very different from men?
Dino Yes. definitely. They are normally the ones who want to talk, and they are much more worried - stressed - about their hair. Men are more quiet and relaxed, and they're not normally very fussy about their hair.
Interviewar What do you do if a client doesn't li ke the results?
Dino I try to correct it immediately, That's easy if
it's the colour, less easy if it's a cut, Interviewer Have you ever had a really bad
experience, I mean one where you couldn't
correct it?
Dino Only once, when I was still at college-1 cut a woma n's hair shorter than she was expecting it -not much, only about one centimetre shorter, but she burst into tears - and I couldn't correct that.
Interviewer Is it true that hairdressers always want to cut off more hair than their clients want?
Dino I think maybe it is. Many hairdressers want to make the hair healthier, and cut off all the parts that a re, you know, damaged. Or sometimes they have a style in mind and they j ust want to do it. But obviously, normally I try to do what the customer wants. You have to be flexible. That's another important quality in a hairdresser.
Interviewer So. if you completely disagreed with what a client wanted, would you still do it?
Dino Well, if a client wanted a insatment that I thought was going to damage her hair, for example, if she wanted to have her hair bleached when it was already in bad condition, then l would say no. But if it was a question of style -for example, a woman who wanted ho have her head shaved completely - I would try to convince her that it wasn't a good idea, but if sňe insisted, 1 would do it. it's her choice after all.
Interviewer Do you have any tips for having gogd hair?
Dino Yes - use good products, ones which are right for your type of hair. I notice that a lot of people take a lot of trouble choosing the right face cream - you know for dry skin, or problem skin. For day, for night, and so on. But with shampoo, they just buy the first one they see in the supermarket.
Interviewer Thank you very much, Dino, I won't forget this.
The body polish
Joanna So? What did you think?
Stephen It       ;.r.: lorrible! -o-.ivo H-st. they covered me in fruit puree, then they wrapped me in plastic film, then in blankets, and then I was left on a water bed. I mean, come on! Fruit's for eating, not for putting on your body. It was ho! and sticky, and incredibly uncomfortable. And I felt so stupid. I'd never have that again. I give it zero out of ben,
Joanna Sticky? It was fruit, (or goodness sake 11 thought it was wonderful, it smelted amazing, and the head massage was divine. I mean, how could anybody not like it? That was one of my favourite spa treatments ever. Ten out of ten,
The foot treat men t Stephen Wow!
Joanna Don't tell me - you liked it!
Stephen It was wonderful!
Joanna I must say, your feel took.. .well, better.
Clean anyway. Stephen Well, I've never fiked my feet much, to be
honest, but now they look great, Definitely worth
the time and money. Nine out of ten. What do
you think?
Joanna Yes, it was great. A real luxury. And I love the colour they painted my nails. I agree - nine outgf ten. You see...
Guide Good afternoon, everybody,everyone, and welcome to St Paul's, which, as you probably know, is one of the most famous and most historic cathedrals in Britain. The previous church On this site burned down in loop, in the Great Fire of London, and the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren was asked to design a new cathedral It took nearly 40 years to build and was completed in 1710.
Just behind you is the great West Door, you can see ihe great West Door. The magnificent doors are nine metres tall. They're normally closed, except when someone very special arrives, for example, her Majesty the Queen, And now in front of you. you see the Nave, which gives you the most wonderful view of the full length of St Paul's Cathedral, M aybe some ol you watch ed Prince Charles a nd Princess Diana walk down the Nave when they married here in 1961. OK, now please follow me, We're going to walk down the Nave, and you'll see the north and south aisle on either side.--
<3> B.16
Guide Right. Can we just stop here? Could we stop here? We're now in the centre of the cathedral. Look up above you, and you can see inside the wondc'ful Dome. It is one of the largest domes in the world, and I personally think the most beautiful. Now, you remember the outside of the Dome, which you saw when you arrived, can anyone tell me what was on top of the Dome?
US tourist Across?
Guide Yeah that's right, across, In 1710, the year the cathedral was finally completed, Christopher Wren was 81 years old. and he was lifted up in a basket and was able to watch his own son place the cross on the top ol the Dome. Another thing
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about, fascinating thing about the Dome is that from the top of the Dome to the floor, down where you're standing, is exactly 345 feet, one foot for every day of t he year. Foreign tourist How inuch is that in metres Guide, it's 1-1-1, til metre?- in fact, St Paul's was the tallest buiding in London right up until the 1960s, because until that Eime. no one was allowed to build anything taller ne3r St Paul's. We're going to move on shortly, but just spend a fen minutes now looting at the magnificent paintings...
We are now in the area called the South Transept, Over there you can see the monument to Britain's great naval hero, Horatio Nelson, who died at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Yes. yeah, he's the one on the top of the Nelson's column in Trafalgar Square.
We're now in the South Quire Aisle, and we're just going to stop for a moment to look at this marble statue of John Donne, Donne was a Dean of the Cathedral and one of Britain's fi nest poets - he died in 1 &31. But this statu e is also important because it's one of the few monuments that survived the Great Fire of London. And yog can still see the burn marks at the bottom of the statue there... Now, are you all feeling energetic? t hope so, because we're going to go up these stairs here, to the Whispering Gallery, which goes around the inside of the great Dome, and I do need to tell you that there are 257 steps, so if there are any erf you who don't think you can manage it, just wait for us here in the South Quire Aisle... So, that wasn't too bad, was it? We're now in the Whispering Gallery. The gallery gets its name because iF you whisper, talk very quietly, on one side, your voice can be heard very clearly on the other side. When there are a lot of tourists, it doesn't always work, but as there aren't so many of us today, why don't you try it.,.? So, did any of you try out the whispering? We're now going to go back along the Nave, and then down into the Crypt to see some of the tombs of famous people who are buried in St Pa u I's. R ig ht, now, the tomb over there is Lord Nelson's - yd u remember you saw his monument earlier— and then here we have the tomb of the Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. And finally, this tomb here belongs to the great man himself. Sir Christopher Wren, the architect of St Paul's. It's just a simple stone monument, but can you see the Latin words on it? Anyone speak Latin here? No. wel 11 'II translate it for you. it says, 'Reader, if you seek his monument, look around you.' Because of course, the whole of St Paul's is really Wren's monument.
©9.1
1 Sarin My husband Rick always forget; where he's put things, and last night he came home very late from work and then had ro learve very early again this morning, at 5.00, while I was still in bed. I heard him crashing about downstairs getting ready, and then he shouted up the stairs, 'Sarah, have you seen my car keys?' So
I shouted back, 'Mo', and I tried to go back to steep, but then he came running up the stairs into the bedroom and said. 'I can't find them. I left them on the table when I went to bed last night. You've moved them.' And I said, 'I didn't move them, I was in bed when you came home. Have you looked in your coat pocket?1 So he went downstairs again and shouted, 'They're not there', So I got up, in a very bad mood, and went downstairs, and looked in his coat pocket, and, surprise surprise, mens were his car keys. I was really quite angry because by now I was completely awake. But at least he apologized.
2 Kim It was my mum's 70th birthday last week and I suggested to my sister Caro that it would be nice to have a birthday lunch for her. I sard I'd organize it, because my sisser isn't very good at
that kind of thing - she works full time and has a very important job (so she says), but anyway she said, 'J wa nt to do something to help. J'l I bring a birthday cake.' I said, 'Fine', even though I quitr-wanted to make the cake myself. Anyway, on the day, everyone arrived and Mum was really surprised and pleased, and wo had lunch, and then I said bo my s iste r. 'Where's the cake?' She went pale, and said, 'QMG, I completely forgot about it,' Mum said, 'Oh don't make a fuss, Kim. It's no problem.' - she thought it was very funny -but I was seriously annoyed-
© v.S Parti
Continuity announcer Can you remember exactly what you did on any day 10,20, or even 30 years ago? Now it's Mind Matters, and we're going to hear about a woman who can do just that.
Presenter Ask Jill Price to remember any day in her life, and she can usually come up with an answer. When I met her, she asked for my date of birth, which is 24th January 1986.
Jill OK. 24th January 198í was a Friday. It was four days before the ChaJtenger explosion, I was working in an ice cream shop. I hated my job. That night I went out with some friends. Tim and Candace.
Presenter Jill could also tell me what she ate and what time she got home that evening. I tried another date. What did she do on 29th August I960'
Jill It was also a Friday, I went to Palm Springs with my f riends Nina a nd M ichel !e and their f a mi ly.
Presenter Then I asked her, 'When was the third time you drove a car?"
Jill That was 10th January 1981. A Saturday.
Presenter Jill Pnce has HSAM, or 'Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory', which means she can remember exactly what happened on most days in her life. She remembers the day of the week for every date since i960 - what she was doing, who she was with, where she was. She can recall a memory of 20 years ago as easi ly a s a memory of two days ago.
Jill was born on 30th December 1965 in New York. Her first memory is when she was 1$ months old and she lived with her parents in an apartment in Manhattan. She remembers the traffic, and staring Out of the window down 9th Avenue, When she was five, her fa mily moved to New Jersey, and then when she was eight, they moved to a rented house in Los Angeles. That was 1st July 1974 - and on that day, she says, her 'brain snapped', and she began to be able to remember everything that happened to her in great detail. Her memories come without her trying to recall them. Jill People have called it a gift, but for me it's a nightmare. My entire life goes through my head every day - it drives me Crazy.
© ?.o Part S
Presenter So what do we know about how Jill's superior memory works? Dr James McGaugh, who is an expert in memory research, met her for the first time in June 2000. He first tested her memory using a big history book- Jill answered the questions quickly and confidently.
Dr McGaugh What happened on lith August 1977?
Jill Elvis Presley died in his Graceland bathroom. It was a Tuesday.
Dr McGaugh When did Bing Crosby die?
Jill Friday, 14th October 1977, on a golf course in Spain. I heard it on the rad io whi le my Mom was driving me to soccer practice.
Presenter It's often difficult for scientists to confirm whether autobiographical memories are accurate, but McGaugh was able to check with Jill's detailed diary, He also checked Jill's memories with her mother.
Dr McGaugh's research was focused on showing tha t strong emotional experiences a re the most memorable ones, and Jill had the most vivid memories that McGaugh had ever encountered. However her memory only stores the things that she finds important. When it comes to remembering things that don't rela te to her personally grto her interests. Jill is no better than the average person.
Jill At school, I couldn't remember facts and figures, and I can't memorize a sequence of random numbers.
Presenter McGaugh and other experts have now discovered around *0 people with HSAM. These people often say that there was a specific point in their lives that triggered their ability to remember in such detail. For Jill, it was her family's stressful move to Los Angeles. Most people would think that having HSAM is an advantage, but Jill Says there are two big problems.
Jill The first is that there's so much information running through my head all the time, and the second is t liat I find it di If ic ult to forget unpleasant things. For example. I can remember bad moments from my childhood as if they'd just happened, and they make me feel unhappy all over again.
Presenter Mo one else in Jill's family has a memory like hers, She's published an autobiography, The Woman Who Can't Forget, but her brother hasn't read it. He says that there might be things in it that he doesn't want to know.
©9.10 Part!
Narrator When George arrived at Singapore he
found a telegram waiting for him. Reader 'Quite understand. Do n't worry. Love
Mabel.'
GeoTge 'My God, I believe she's following me,' Reader tie said. He checked the passenger list of the next ship on its way to Singapore, and sure enough her name was on it- There was not a moment to lose. He jumped on the first train to Bangkok. But he was uneasy; she would have no difficulty in finding out that he had gone to Bangkok. Fortunately there was a French boat sa il ing the next day for Saigon. He took it. At SaigOn he would be safe. It would never occur to her that he had gone there. It was five days' journey from Bangkok to Saigon and the boat was dirty, crowded and uncomfortable- He was glad to arrive and went straight to the hotel. A telegram was immediately handed to him. It contained only two words: Mabel 'Love Mabel',
Reader He started to tremble.
George 'When is the next boat for Hong Hong?'
Reader he asked. He sailed to Hong Kong but was afraid to stay there. Then he went to Manila, and from there he went on To Shanghai. Shanghai made him feel nervous: every time he went out of the hotel he expected to run straight into Mabel's arms- No, Shanghai would never do. The only thing was to go to Yokohama. At the Grand Hotel in Yokohama a telegram awaited him.
Mabel 'So sorry i missed you at Manila. Love Mabel.'
Reader Where was she now? He went back to Shanghai. This time he went straight to the dub and asked if he had received any telegrams. One was handed to him.
Mabel Arriving soon. Love Mabel.'
©9.16
Alex My girlfriend Chloe and I had been together
for just over a year. Soon after we met, I'd told her that I didn't want to get married or have children, and she seemed fine with that. But then, Chloe began to talk about moving in together, I tried not to discuss it, and we went on like that
130
for a couple of months, Then one afternoon, tt was the 29th February, Chloe invited me to her house. When i arrived, she was making a bracelet. I sat down and she passed une a box which contained some small beadswith letters on them. When I looked into the box, I realized that the letters spoiled Will you marry me?' I was horrified. I didn't want to embarrass her. so I started putting the letters on the bracelet thread =n the wrong order - I made words 3iKo 'owl' and 'yellow' but then she started crying. So we went out fdre walk and she explained that 29th February only happens once every four years, and it's the day when, traditionally, women can propose to men. I didn't say anything and went home. I felt awful. It's probably the- worst thing that's ever happened to me, and I didn't see her for three days afterwards. But we got over it, and we're still together. We're not married, but who knows? Maybe in a few years' time, I'll propose, and Chlpe will say no. Emma When I first started going out with Twin, I was completely in love. He was ten years older than me, very good-looking, and he had been an Olympic athlete. He was also a really lovely guy. In theory, he was my perfect man, but after two years, our relationship became very difficult, so I decided to end it. Not long afterwards, Tom phoneo) me to say thai he wanted to meet at the cathedral-1 thought, OK, fine. When I got there, Tom was waiting for me outside, Ho was holding a bottle of champagne and a bunch of flowers. And then before ! had a chance to say anything, he got down on one knee and proposed. He gave me a necklace - not a ring, a necklace. Then a crowd of Japanese tourists rushed towards us and began taking photos - Tom was down on one knee and I was looking white and shocked, it was awful, l asked him to get up, and explained to him, in front of all the tourists, that wo were not together any more, and we were definitely not going to get married. We left the cathedral, andaslwaswalking with h im to the station. Tom said he had hoped that if he proposed to me, it would solve all our problems. But it was never going to work. We're not together now.
1 Yannii Um, so I've lined in New York for, uh, 12 years now, and one thing that I think I will always appreciate is the diversity of the place and the people. And every time I go away it's so nice to come back here and. and be on the subway and see all the different faces and hear different accents. Um, and, you know, my English is pretty good, but I have never felt judged here, you know, for having a foreign accent, and nobody is surprised, you know, ifyouhaveastrange surname, um, or il you sound different. I have never felt that. And I could say that sometimes in Europe. I did. so... This is one thing that I will always appreciate about living here.
5 Cristina Um, one thing that, um, I don't particularly like here is the culture around American Football. And maybe this has something to do with me being European and king, uh, European football, c■■        , um, more than American football. And I did try, um, but I think, uh, the game is way too complicated - though I tried to understand the rules. And I find the atmosphere around American football. I...I just...I find it a bit too aggressive? For example, recently the Philadelphia Eagles won the Superbcwl and, um, the celebrations, so to speak, if we can call them celebrations, were more like riots.
3 Louisa I know from having travelled a lot and having lived overseas, having an Italian husband, it's very compl icated to get sort of bureaucratic tasks done in places like Italy. So I think the one thing that I like most about living in the United States is that things are pretty easy to do and even living in a big city it's, um, it's easy to get
things done. So it's pretty easy to, you know, change your phone company, and it's easy to renew your driver's licence.
4 Laura Urn. something that I like about America is that I find people are very keen to help, even without being asked, 'cause I lived in Germany for four years and I remember every time I flew there, at the airport, I would always really struggle to get my bag off the luggage carousel and no one would ever help me, And every time I flew back home to the US, immediately someone would come over and offer to help. And I've noticed the same thing with opening doors, with helping people carry things up the stairs in the subway.
5 Peter Something I icaiiy like about America is the sense of opportunity here. Um, I feel like as a new immigrant I've been able to come into the country and get jobs that I couldn't gel back home in the UK because I don't think I would have had the same opportunities there, I think that you can move here and make something
of yourself very quickly, and I really like the sort
of entrepreneurial spirit there is here, um, the feeling that if you have a good Idea and you wort hard, you can be successful, I think it really is the land of opportunity and l really like that-
6 Sarah I've lived in the US for three years, and something that I really dislike about American culture has to be the fascination with guns, er, growl ng up in the UK, growl ng up in Europe, I've never seen people really want lo own guns themselves. For me, it's up to the police to take care of people and to make sure everyone's safe. I can't understand whya civilian would want to own their own gun and keep it in their house. For me that means that the country is less safe not more safe, so that's something I don't think I'll ever be able to understand,
© 10-13
Interviewer What's the hardest exam or test you've over taken'
Mark My A Level physics exam - I didn't understand at least half the questions,
Interviewer H ave you ever done an exam wh ero everything went wrong?
Mark I'm afraid so. for a history O level there were five questions - all short essays. I'd prepared five questions from pievious exam papers, but nothing else, So I was gambling that at least three of the questions would come up. But none of them did, so gbvjousiy I failed rt.
Intervie we r H nw d id you j sua% prepare for a big exam?
Mark I remember it generally involved: a lot of coffee and late nights!
Interviewer Did you find exams stressful?
Mark No, I never got that stressed about exams but that may have had a negative effect on the results, come to think of it. I was never the world's best at exams. I usually passed, but the results were never brilliant.
Interviewer What's the hardest exam or test you've ever taken?
Sophie I think the hardest was probably rrty driving test - the practical part. 1 got so nervous each time I just couldn't drive. In fact, I failed three times before I finally passed.
Interviewe r Have you ever done an exa m where everything went wrong?
Sophie Ves. in the beginning of my first driving test, I refused to stop where the examiner asked me to stop. I just didn't think it looked safe and I thought it was a trick - I mean, I thought that he was asking me to do something dangerous, to test me. Anyway it wasn't a trick and he wasn't happy at all.
Interviewer How did you usually prepare for a big exam?
Sophie I used to spend a lot of time writing notes: l probably spent more time making them look
nice, using different coloured pens and so on, than I did actually learning the information. But 1 found it real ly he Ipf u to stick the notes upon posters all over the house so that I could see them every day.
Interviewer Did exams use to stress you out?
Sup hie Ves. 9 hated exarni and used to get very nervous and stressed beforehand. But Once the exam had started 1 usually relaxed.
Interviewer What's the hardest exam you've ever taken?
Diane l thin k it has to be the eleven plus because that was the first time I had ever felt any pressure to succeed.
Interviewer How did you do?
Diane l passed il.
Interviewer Have you ever done an e*am where everything went wrong?
Diane Ves, my A level French oral exam went horribly wrong. Some friends had said, 'Whatever you do, don't say that you've boon to France, otherwise they'll expect you' French to be quite good', and so what happened was, r got in there and the examiner said, 'Have you ever been to France?' fin French] and I said 'Won' and then I Starting talking about driving to Gibraltar with my parents, and then the examiner said, 'Well, how did you manage to drive from the UK to Gibraltar without driving through France?', at which point l just completely froze and couldn't say anything else at all! But I guess I'd spoken enough previously, so I passed-
Intorviewer How did you usually prepare for a big exam?
Diane Well, for literature exams I used to memorize loads and loads of famous passages from the books we were studying, so I could put them in my answers, and that seemed to work, because I passed.
Inte rviewer How did you usually feel a bout doing exams?
Diane Not groat, but I was usually reasonably
confident, I'd say. Interviewer What's the hardest e*am or test
you've ever taken? Paul Probably the exam at the end of the first
year of my geography course at university. Mot
because the questions were verydifficult but
because I'd done SO I ittle work for it. Interviewer Have you overdone anoxamwhero
everything went wrong? Paul Oh yes. i thought I'd done quite well in
my GCSE Chemistry exam but I failed it, So
something must have gone very wrong. Interviewer How did you usually prepare fora big
exam?
Pau I I used to read nates over and over again, right up till the last possible minute. Yeah, I relied heavily on short-term memory, I think.
Interviewer Did exams use to stress you out?
Paul Not really, though they probably would now. When I was at school and university it was just part of life - so not particularly stressful.
131
1A
GRAMMAR BANK
pronouns
Revise the basics
1 I live in London. NOT i I've
2 My parents don't visit me very often.
3 My name's Anna.
4 They have a flat in north London, but mine is in south London.
pronouns and possessive adjectives
1 subject pronouns	2 object pronouns	3 possessive a djectives	4 possessive pronouns
1	h|Cr	my	mine
you	you	your	yours
he / she / it	him / her / it	his / her / its	his /hers
we	us	our	burs
you	you	your	yours
they	them	their	theirs
1 My brother doesn't have a tablet, He/ She prefers to use his / her laptop,
2 A Are these your/ yours books here? B Yes, they're my / mine.
3 Most people are happy with thefrs / their names, but Sarah doesn't like her / hers,
4 A What are hers / her children called?
B I don't know, she's never told me / my
5 I gave them / their my phone number but they didn't give me thefrs / their.
6 A Are these ours I our coats?
B No, ours / our a re on the bed.
7 This is your / yours pen, so that one must be my / mine. B She'll call us / we when her / hers flight arrives.
9 Can you send he / him the information? I can give you
his / him email address. 10 It's / They're a really good restaurant, but I can never remember hrs / its name-
direct / indirect object pronouns and word order
1 He bought me a rose. ® l.I> I'm going to lend her my camera.
They showed us their new flat. I'll send you the document. We brought him some books,
2 He bought it for me.
I'm going to lend it to her. They showed it to us. I'll send it to you. We brought them for him,
1 Some verbs can have two objects, usually a thing (the direct object) and a person {the indirect object). If the direct object is a noun (a rose, my camera, etc), we usually use verh + indirect object + direct object.
■ The order can also be verb + direct object + for or to + indirect object, e.g. He bought a rose for me, f'm going to rend my camera to her. See list of verbs with for and to below.
2 If the direct object is a pronoun (it, them), we usually use verb + direct object + indirect object, with either for or to before the indirect object- Some common verbs which can have two objects are:
• With for
bring sth for/to sb, buy Sth for sb, cook sth for sb, find stri for sb, get sth for s b, make sth for sb
• With to
give sth to sb, lend sth to sb, offer sth to sb, read sth to sb, sell sth to sb, send sth to sb, show sth to sb, take sth to sb, wrfre sth to s b
• If the indirect object is a pronoun, we use the object pronoun, not the subject pronoun;
I'm going to lend it to her, NOT I Vn going to iend it to she.
b   Rewrite the highl ighted phrases. Replace the bold words with a pronoun and use for or to.
I gave you that pen for your birthday, f crave it to .you.
1 They sent me a new password yesterday,
2 I gave my mum some flowers, but she's still angry with me.
3 She found me some hotels online.
4 My grandmother wrote me these letters when I was at boarding school,
5 Will you lend him the money?
ó My son made me a birthday card at school, 7 Our car broke down, so my parents offered us their old one.
3 We didn't buy our daughter a phone because we
think she's too young. 9 I read the children the first Harry Potter book last
week.
10 A friend sold me these headphones for f 20.
Ops
1B
GRAMMAR BANK
adjectives
Revise the basics
1 It's a poisonous snake. NOT snake poisonous
2 They're very powerful people. NOT powerfuh people
3 I'm older than my brother. NOT more old that
4 Rome isn't as expensive as Paris. NOT as expensive than
5 It's the most difficult exercise in the book. NOT the difVicuftest
comparative and superlative adjectives
adjective	comparative	superlative
tall	taller	the tallest
hot	hotter	the hottest
bored	more bored	the most bored
stressed	more stressed	the most stressed
modern	more modern	the most modern
busy	busier	the busiest
dangerous	more dangerous	the most dangerous
interesting	less interesting	the least interesting
good		the best
bad	worse	the worst
far	further (or farther)	the furthest (or the farthest)
adjective + one / ones
1 I've lost my suitcase. It's a big blue one, {J)1.14 Expensive laptops are usually more reliable than cheap ones.
2 I'm looking fqr white bread, but i can only find brown. We don't have any skimmed milk, only semi-skimmed.
1 We use one / ones after an adjective instead of repeating a singular or plural noun.
2 We don't use one with uncountable nouns, more rules for comparatives and superlatives
1 I'm less busy this week than I was fast week. ®1,15 Alan is the least interesting person in the office.
2 She's the cleverest girl in the class.
The old road was much narrower than the new one. It would be simpler togo back to the beginning.
1 We can use Jess and the feast with adjectives of any number of syllables.
2 Some two-syllable adjectives can make comparatives and superlatives with -erand -est. Common examples are clever, narrow, polite, quiet, simple, stupid, A good dictionary will tell you the usual comparative and superlative form for a two-syllable adjective.
a bit and much + comparative adjective
1 It's a bit cloudier today than yesterday. lJJ)1,16 This phone's a bit more expansive than that one.
2 Your job is much more stressful than mine.
The airport is much busier than it was a few years ago.
1 We use a bit + comparative adjective to say that a difference is small.
2 We use much + comparative adjective to say that a difference is large.
a   Are the highlighted forms right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong ones.
He's happier than he was yesterday. / She's a person very ambitious, f-She's a very ambitious person.
1 That's the most bad film I've ever seen.
2 I'm not as sporty than my brother.
3 Cats are much more selfish than dogs.
4 We can't decide between Mexico and Sicily. Mexico is further to travel, but the hotels are less expensive.
5 I always lose rny phone, so I bought a cheap,
6 My wife's a more good driver than I am.
7 These shoes are the more comfortable ones I have, S My brothers and sisters are all very successfuls.
9 This exercise is easyer than the other one. 10 It's the biggest room in the house.
b  Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
Adam is friendlienhan Chris. Chris isn't as friendly as Adam.
1 Tom isn't as lucky as his brother, Tom's brother he Is.
2 Their house is much bigger than ours. Our house is_theirs.
3 My new password is easier to memorise than my old one. My old password was to memorize than my new one.
4 This flat is nicer than the other two we've seen.
This flat is of the three we've seen.
5 My sister's children are more helpful than mine. My children aren't_my sister's.
6 The weather wasn't as good as we'd expected. The weather was wed expected.
7 The film was a bit less dramatic than the book. The book was_the film.
3 Yellow will took better than red for your kitchen walls. Red won't look _ yellow for
your kitchen walls, Qi1-17
2A
GRAMMAR BANK
present tenses
Revise the basics
present simpte and frequency
1 She goes abroad a lot. NOT She-go
2 Does he know Paris welt? NOT Do he know
3 We don't like camping. NOT Wenotfifce
4 They never go swimming. NOT Never they go
5 He's always late. NOT Always he's fate
6 I go for a walk every morning. NOT I go every morning for a walk*
present continuous
7 He's working today. NOT He working
8 They aren't / They're not watching TV, they're playing a video game. NOT They-not watching
9 Are you going away this weekend? NOT Do-you-go-/-You-are-going
action and non-action verbs
1 A What are the children doing now? 0|2_1O B Mark's playing tennis and Anna's reading,
A Hi, Marta. Are you waiting for someone? B Yes, I'm waiting for Tim.
2 I like vegetables now, but I didn't use to. Oh, now i remember where I left my glasses.
1 Many verbs describe actions. These verbs are used in the present continuous to talk about actions happening now or in the future.
2 Some verbs describe states and feelings, not actions. Examples are agree, be, believe, belong, depend, forget, hate, hear, know, like, look like, love, matter, mean, need, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want These verbs are normally used in the present simple, not the continuous, even if we are referring to now.
verbs which can have action and non-action meanings
Do you have any sunscreen? = possession (non-action)
He's having a shower at the moment. - an action
□o you think we should have lunch in the hotel? ■ opinion
(non-action)
They're thinking of going on a cruise, = an action
I see what you mean, = understanding (non-action)
I'm seeing the hotel manager tomorrow morning. = an action
• Some verbs have two meanings, an action meaning and a non-action meaning, e.g. have, think, see. If they describe a state or feeling, not an action, they are not usually used in the present continuous. If they describe an action, they are used in the present continuous.
present continuous for future arrangements
I'm leaving tomorrow and I'm coming back on Tuesday. (J) 2.12
We're seeing our grandparents this weekend.
When are they coming to visit us?
Ella isn't going out tonight. She's staying in.
* We often use the present continuous where there is an arrangement to do something in the future-
present simple for 'timetable' future
The train leaves at 6.30 in the morning. ^) 2,13
Our flight doesn't stop in Hong Kong. It stops in Singapore. What time does your flight arrive in New York?
■ We use the present simple to talk about things which will happen according to a timetable, especially travel times. We are usually referring to things which always happen on certain days at certain times, like flight times or classes, and are not people's personal plans or decisions.
irde)the correct form.
~<3Qfey<egoingy We goto New Zealand on Saturday. The flight 1 leaves / is leaving at 6.50 in the morning. 2 We need / We're needing to check in two hours ahead, so s we go / we're going to the airport the night before, and J we stay / we're staying in an airport hotel [£200 a night, but it's betterthan getting up at 2.00 a.m.!). The first part of the flight, to Singapore,i takes / is taking 14 hours, and * we break / we're breaking the journey there for a couple of days. Then it's on to Auckland. The flight 7gets in / fs getting in at nearly midnight, but Our friends emeet / are meeting us at the airport, and 'they took after / they're looking after us for a week or so. Then 10 we travel / we're travelling round North and South Island - 11 we rent / we're renting a camper van. 12 We have 1 We're having to be back in Auckland on 22nd February, but I don't think I'll want to come home!
b  Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
Qo. you know Andrew's sister? (know) 1 you camping or staying in hotels? (prefer)
2 We
3 _we
4 She_
of going on a safari next year, (think) _to pack insect repellent? (need)
to Frankfurt for a business meeting
next week, (fly)
5 A Can I help you?
B Yes, I_a charger for my phone, (look for)
6 A This hotel a restaurant, (not have) B It .. _,, we can eat in town, (not matter)
1 A Hi, Can you hear me? What _    _ you _   _? (do) B 1 by the pool and Tanya a
spa treatment. Where are you? (read, have)
8 A What time _our flight_ _? [leave)
B It_at 9,50 and it_ _ at
©p.18
12.10. (leave, arrive)
2B
GRAMMAR BANK
possessives
Revise the basics
possessive's and of
1 That's Mark's jacket. He's my sister's boyfriend.
2 What's the name of the street where you live? They sat at the back of the bus.
more rules for possessive's
1 I asked Chris" advice. /1 asked Chris's advice. (J)2.14
2 This is a photo of my parents'house, That's the children's bedroom.
3 We spent the weekend at Paul's,
I went to my grandmother's yesterday.
Can you get me some aspirin when you go to the chemist's?
4 We saw Tom and Mary's parents. Is that Kate and David's house?
1 If a name ends with -s, we form the possessive with ' or's. Both are pronounced '\yk
2 Possessives are different for regular and irregular plurals.
• After a plural noun ending in -s, we form the possessive with a final '(but no extra s),
* After an irregular plural not ending in -s, we form the possessive with's,
3 We can use name/ person + 's to mean that person's house or flat.
■ We also use s after words for certain jobs to refer to their shop or business, e.g. chemist's, hairdresser's etc.
A When we are talking about something belonging to two people or things, we put the's only after the second name,
more rules for of to show possession
That man over there is a friend of mine. 02.15 This is an interesting book of Sarah's. Tell me aboutthis plan of theirs. Where's that husband of yours?
• We often use noun + of +■ possessive pronoun or name / noun + 's after a I an or tfjfs / that.
own
I'd love to have my own business. 02,16 That's my magazine. Why don't you buy your own? Our town is going to get its own shopping centre. Small bakers often sell their own bread and cakes.
* We can use own after a possessive adjective for emphasis. « We can also use of my / firs / her, etc, + own, e.g. I'd love to
have a business of my own.
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_								
a (yrdejthe correct form.
What's <he~riame of the stiopX the shop's name where Suzy works?
1 That's the carofrny friend I my friend's car over th ere.
2 My brother's / brothers' names are Peter and Michael,
3 I live in the flat at the top of the building i the building's top,
A The only trave' agents / travel agent's In our village closed down last year.
5 I can't remember Jim and Marie's / Jim's and Mane's address - do you have it?
6 A Who's Samantha?
B She's my husband's sister/ my sister's husband.
7 We often have lunch at my parents' / my parent's.
8 Tim's a colleague of my t of mine.
9 Not many people live in the centre of London I London's centre.
10 I quite like supermarket pizza, but I prefer to make my own ! mine own.
b Are the highlighted forms right (/) or wrong (/}? Correct the wrong ones.
We went to Anrtes for dinner last night, Jf to Anne's
1 There are lots of expensive womens' clothes shops round here.
2 James's brother is much younger than him.
3 They'd really like to have his own flat.
4 A Who are those women?
B The blonde one is my sister Alice, and the dark one Is a colleague of her.
5 There's been a hairdressers on that corner for years.
6 Two of my friend's mothers run online businesses.
7 Simon is a distant cousin of ours.
S If you want to work from home, you need to have
a study of your own. 9 Keith's and Brian mother works in the shop with them, 10 There was a beautiful painting of Monet's st the
exhibition.
Ofl, 20
3A
GRAMMAR BANK
past simple, past continuous, or used to?
Revise the basics past simple
1 When I was young, I loved playing outside.
2 We didn't live in a big city. NOT we didn't lived
3 Where did you go to school? NOT did you went
past continuous
4 I was watching TV when you arrived,
5 She wasn't studying when I called her.
6 What were you doing at 9.00 this morning?
used to
7 Luke used to have long hair.
8 They didn't use to live in London. NOT didn't used to
9 What music did you use to like when you were young? NOT did you-used-fe
past simple and past continuous
1 I only saw him for 3 few minutes before he left. © Most people didn't own a computer until the 1960s. Where did you grow up?
2 What were you doing at 7.00yesterday evening?
He was textrng a friend when the accident happened. While we were having our picnic, it started to rain. Sorry, what did you say? I wasn't listening.
1 We use the past simple for finished past actions or states (when we say, ask, or know when they happened). We can use the past simple for things which happened at anytime in the past - very recently or a long time ago. The important thing is that we see them as finished,
■ For irregular past simple verbs, see Irregular verbs p.165.
2 We use the past continuous:
• to talk about an action Or Situation in progress at a specific time in the past.
• to describe a past action in progress which was interrupted by another action (expressed in the past simple).
used to and past simple
1 I used to be very shy when I was a child. ©3.5 Tim used to go to the theatre a lot when he lived in London.
We used to live in Rome.
2 I was very shy when I was a child,
Tim often went to the theatre when he lived in London. We lived in Rome lor ten years.
1 We use used to [not the past continuous) to describe a habit or state that was true for a significant period in the past, and that has now finished.
2 We can also often use the past simple instead of used to especially with an adverb of frequency, e.g. usually, often, etc
• We use the past simple (not used to) when we specify how long we did an action NOT We used to live in Rome for ten years.
a   Are the highlighted forms right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong ones.
Where did you use to go on holiday when you were young? ■/
1 This time last week I was sitting on a beach.
2 When did they use to get married?
3 I worked in a pizza restaurant when I first met my wife.
4 We used to love going to concerts when we were students.
5 I used to travel round Asia for a year before I decided to go to university.
6 My brother and I didn't used to get on very well when we were young.
7 Andrew was never studying much at school. 6 A Where did you go to school?
B In Manchester. 9 Sorry, I didn't hear what you said, I watched the news, 10 I used to be much thinner when I was a teenager.
b  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs (past simple, past continuous, or used to}. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
I grew up in a little village, (grow up)
1 They_dinner when I_.
(already have, arrive)
2 When we were young, our parents _ us to the beach every weekend, (take)
3 We_when the taxi_,
(still pack, come)
4 your brother you to play the guitar when you were young? (teach)
5 When 1 was a child, I_vegetables, [not like)
6 He_ a beard when he at university, (have, be)
7 We_all day playing together when we
_children, (spend, be)
S He_ _on his phone when the police
_him. (talk, stop)
9 i_to a boarding school for two years,
from the age of 13 to 15. [go) 10 They _a car when I first_
them, [not have, know)
3B
GRAMMAR BANK
prepositions
prepositions of place
She sat in the square and watched the tourists- ^3.16
There's a box under your bed.
You'll find some cash Inside my purse.
The cups are on that shelf there.
There's a man standing in front of the gate.
* Prepositions that describe place, like in and on, can be used with different verbs and places and the meaning doesn't change.
prepositions of movement
,3.17
The plane flew over the city. He ran across the road. He walked through the do or. Go along the street, past the chemist's. Don't run down the steps. You'll fall.
• Prepositions that describe movement, like over and through, can be used with different verbs of movement and the meaning doesn't charge.
dependent prepositions after verbs and adjectives
1 We watted for the film to Start. Q)3.1G Everybody laughed at me,
2 I'm worried about my camera - the flash isn't working, Lily's interested in astrology.
3 Tony's good at spending other people's money.
She believes in taking lots o( pictures and then choosing the best.
1 Some verbs are always followed by the same preposition.
2 Some adjectives are always followed by the same preposition.
3 If there is a verb after the preposition, we use the -ing form, not the infinitive.
The verbs ask, discuss, enter, marry, and tefl have no preposition, e.g.
I asked Jack a question. NOT asked to
We discussed the situation. NOT ;:'':;(:.':,^-rj ,.■! ■o\:i
The police officers entered the building. NOT entered in
She married her personal trainer. NOT man'tedwith
The photographer told everyone to smile. NOT JoJd to
everyone
• For a list of prepositions after verbs and adjectives, see p.164.
a   Complete the story with the correct preposition.
across onto under into (x2} down off towards next to   round   on   between in
The mouse ran do.w.o the stairs, 1_
2_the kitchen. It jumped 3
and ran *_
the corridor, and
_the table,
the salt and pepper and J the
coffee pot. There was some cheese * The mouse took a piece, jumped 7 disappeared a_ _ the door. Then it ran *
a plate, the table, and _the
garden and stopped n
two cats were hiding "_
to creep lS_the mouse,
the gate. But unfortunately, the grass, and they started
Complete the sentences with the correct preposition. Write - if no preposition is needed.
She paid to< my flight home.
1 I'm tired_all this work - I'm ready
_a holiday!
2 I'm not looking forward _ _ apologizing _what happened.
3 He's very proud_his new phone.
4 We need to discuss_the problems
with our IT department.
5 Mum! Josh won't share his sweets _ me!
6 You can't always rely_
here - they're often late,
7 I don't know what you're talking
8 The pilot told us not to worry turbulence,
the buses
the
9 Who's responsible website? 10 Let's not argue
updating the
it now - let's wait
the boss to get here.
11 Sarah married Anthony In July this year.
12 I'm interested_
not very good_
photography, but I'm taking photographs!
4A
GRAMMAR BANK
future forms: will i shall and be going to
wilt t shall
1 Predictions ©4.11
Who do you think will win tomorrow's game?
The climate probably won't change much in the next five or
ten years,
2 Future facts
I'll be at work on Monday.  The election will be on 6th May.
3 Instant decisions
A Do you want coffee or tea?  B i'll have a coffee, please.
4 Promises
A Have you been using my laptop? You didn't turn it off.
B Oh sorry. I'll remember next time.
A The battery's almost run down!
B Sorry. I promise t won't do it again.
5 Offers and suggestions I'll cook dinner tonight. Shall I throw away this bread? What shall I do with my ofd phone? Where shall we go for lunch today?
■ We use wili t won't + infinitive:
1 to ask for or make predictions about what we think or believe will happen.
2 for future facts which are beyond our control.
3 for instant decisions that you make at the time of speaking.
4 to make promises.
5 to offer to do something. If the offer is a question, we use Shall I/ we...?
* We also use shall with i and we to make suggestions.
be going to
1 Plans and intentions ©4.12
I'm going to buy a new phone this weekend. Tom's going to make pizza for dinner.
2 Predictions
You aren't going to like this film - it's very violent,
It's a bit cloudy - the weather forecast says it's going to rain
this afternoon,
■ We use be going to + infinitive:
1 when there is a plan to do something - a decision has been made.
2 to make predictions when we have visible or other evidence of what is going to happen.
• We can often use either wilt or be going to for predictions. The future in the past
When we talk about the future from the point of view of a
time in the past, we use was / were going to. This often
describes failed plans.
\ was going to caJI you, but i forgot.
We were going to go shopping, but we didn't have time.
a   Are the highlighted forms right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong ones.
A Is that the doorbell?
B Yes, it is. I'm going to get It. X IV get
1 A What are your plans for the weekend?
B I'm going to do lots of gardening, and we're going to see my parents on Sunday.
2 A This cardboard box is empty. Will I put it in the
recycling bin? B No, I'm going to use it,
3 A I've decided to buy a new camera. I'll get one with
a good 20 om. B Will I help you choose one? I know a lot about cameras,
4 A Is Katie going to be at the party?
B I don't know. Pass me my phone and I'm going to text her.
5 A Did you finish all the biscuits?
B Yes, sorry. I'll buy some more this afternoon.
b  Complete the sentences with the correct form of will, shall, or be going to and the verb in brackets.
We've decided that we 're going to stay in the UK for our holiday this year, (stay)
1 A It's really hot In here!
B l_ _ the air conditioning, (turn on)
2 Can 1 borrow £10? I_ _you back
tomorrow, (pay)
3 A What are you planning to do with these old books? B I_them to the charity shop, (give)
4 A_I_some more bread when I go out? (buy)
B Yes, please. I've decided I _
sandwiches for lunch, (make)
5 Are you going home by bus? I_you
a lift if you like, (give)
6 A Let's go to the cinema tonight.
B OK. What fiJm _    _we_? (see)
7 A What _   _ you _   _ with all those old bottles
and jars? (do) B I them to the bottle bank for
recycling, (take)
8 After 2040, diesel cars_ _ in most
European countries, (not sell) Q p.38
GRAMMAR BANK
first and second conditionals
first conditional
1 If I have time, I'll write my CV tonight. ©4.19 If you don't work hard, you won't get promoted.
2 If he does well at school, he can go to a good university. I might (may) go back to college if I can't find a job.
If you apply for a job, you must prepare an up-to-date Cv", If you want to do well in the exam, you should work hard this weekend.
3 If you gat an interview, think carefulfy about what to wear.
' We use the first conditional to talk about a possible future situation and its consequence.
1 The first conditional normally uses if + present simple, Willi won't + infinitive,
2 We can also use Other modal verbs instead of wilt, e.g. Cart, might, may, must, or should.
3 We can also use an imperative instead of will.
unless
We can use unless instead of if.. .not in conditional sentences.
I won't go unless you go, too. (= I won't go if you don't go, too,)
second conditional
1 tf I had mgre money, I wouldn't need to work overtime. ©4.50 If they offered you a part-time job, would you take it?
2 I might meet more people if I lived in a hall of residence. You could apply for a scholarship if you got a place to study in the USA.
3 If John was (were) here, he'd know what to do, I'd take it back to the shop if I were you.
■ We use the second conditional to talk about a hypothetical or imaginary present / future situation, or one that we don't think is a possibility.
1 The second conditional normally uses if + past simple, would I wouldn't + infinitive.
2 We can use might or could instead of would.
3 When we jse be in the if clause, we can use was or were after 1/ be/ she I it.
* However, In the phrase if i were you, which is often used to give advice, only were is used. NOT tf-J-was-ye^
J3) First or second conditional
The conditional we use depends on how likely the condition is. Compare:
\i I have time, I'it help you. (I think it's a real possibility that I'll have time.)
if I had rime, i'd help you. (I think it's unlikely or impossible that I'll have time.)
a  ;Ci relent he correct form.
If I go to university, I'd study      Studyingineering-t If she had her own car, she doesn't / wouldn't need to borrow yours.
2 If I got / get a good degree, I'll find a better job.
3 I'd take the job if I am/were you.
4 We can't help you unless you tell! told lis what the problem is,
5 If you thinJc / thought you're going to be late, please send me a text.
6 You might / You'll give a better impression if you wore a suit.
7 I won't / wouldn't go there unless I really had to,
8 Dana would enjoy life more if she didn't/ doesn't study all the time.
9 If i can't find a cheap bike, I won't / wouldn't buy one. 10 If I earned ! earn more, I could afford to rent a flat.
b Complete the sentences with the verb In brackets,
I wouJdn'tdo research if I didn't enjoy working on my own, [not do}
1 If I _ _ to stay at university, I'll probably do a PhD or a master's degree, (decide)
2 If you didn't spend so much on clothes, you borrow money all the time, (not have to)
3 I think my sister and her boyfriend _ _. sooner if they could afford to pay for the wedding, {get married)
A If I have time over the summer, I lor an
internship, (apply)
5 I think Andy might get a scholarship if he_
on working hard, (keep)
6 If we a bigger house, we could rent a couple of rooms to students, (buy)
7 I might enjoy my job more if I_such awful
colleagues, (not have)
8 If I don't like the job after six months, I (not stay)
9 My tutor says I must attend all the seminars if I_
to fail my exams, (not want)
10 I'd get more job offers if I better qualified,
(be) Qp.m
5A
GRAMMAR BANK
present perfect simple
Revise the basics
	B	past participle
i 1 have I've You have You've He/She/It has   He/She/It's We have We've They have They've	1 haven't You haven't He/She/It hasn't We haven't They haven't	seen the news.
Have you seen the news?   Yes, 1 have. / No, 1 haven't. Has he seen the news?   Yes, tie has. / No, he hasn't.		
1 I've used Netdix, but I haven't used Amazon Prime. W Have you ever watched a foreign TV series? She's never liked quiz shows.
2 I don't believe it I We've won £500 on the lottery! He's just sent me a text - I'll tell you what ttsays.
3 Have / Haven't you started work yet? I haven't talked to her yet - I'm going to call her later.
4 A Have you started painting the kitchen? B Yes, and I've already finished it.
5 Sally's known him for 20 years. We've only had a smart TV since last month, I've been out all morning,
1 We use the present perfect simple for past experiences if we don't say when they happened, If we say when they happened (five minutes ago, yesterday, fast week, etc.) we use the past simple, e.g. I've watched Netfiix a few tfmes. I watched six episodes of The Crown last weekend.
a  "(^irdgXhe correct form.
Oh no! We're late! The filrri<2jas already started/ hasn't started yet.
1 This programme's been on for / since an hour,
2 I've- already had / J haven't had breakfast, so I'm not really hungry.
3 I've been to Canada, but I never went I I've never been to the USA,
4 We've known them since we were at university / since five years.
5 I've only been at work for an hour, but I've just / already done a lot
6 They got married in May, so they're married / they've been married for six months.
7 You'll love New York - hsve you been t did you go there before?
8 He's lived here since all his life /all his life.
9 We've never been to Sweden, but we went / we've been to Morway last year.
10 Sorry, I can't meet you after work, I've just / yet had an email from my boss.
2 We use the present perfect simple to give news. If something has happened very recently, we often use just.
3 We use the present perfect simple with yet to ask if something has happened, or to say that it hasn't happened, but that it will.
* Negative questions Haven't you. ..yet? often express surprise or criticism,
4 We use the present perfect simple with already to say that something has happened, sometimes earlier than expected.
5 We can use the present perfect simple, especially with non-action verbs, to talk about situations that started in the past and have continued to the present. We don't use the present simple or the present continuous, e.g. i've lived here for three months. NOT I live here for three months-. / I'm living here for three months.
* To express a period of time we often use for or since.
* We use for + a period of time, e.g. for two minutes / ten years/ ages I a long time.
* We use since + a time in the past, e.g. since this morning / 5-00/ September / 2010/ I was a chiW-
* We can use phrases with a if to express a period of time, e.g. all my life, all day, all year, etc. We don't use for with all, e.g. I've been here ail day. NOT I've been here -for all- day.
* For irregular past participles, see Irregular verbs
P-165.
b   Complete the sentences with the present perfect or past simple form of the verbs in brackets.
Have you ever been to the Edinburgh Festival? (ever / be)
1 A you that wildlife documentary last
night? fsee) B No, I_it. (miss)
2 A When you here? [get]
B I arrived at the weekend, so I here for a
few days, (only / be)
3 A _you_the match results? (check)
Bit yet.lt late, (not finish, start)
4 A Bad news - Ben                a bike accident, (have) B Oh no! When_that_? (happen)
5 A Where's Linda? She isn't at her desk.
B I think she for lunch, (just / go out)
6 A__you_him at tennis? [ever / beat)
B No, but I_a set last time, (win)
7 A Marcus      _ his new job? (already / start) B Yes, his first day last Monday, {be}
fl A How long_you_a motorbike? (have)
B Not long! I_it six months ago. (buy)
Op, 47
5B
GRAMMAR BANK
present perfect continuous
Revise the basics
\m		s	
1 have You have-He /She/hhas We have They have	I've You've He /She /It's We've They've	1 haven't You haven't He/She/It hasn't We haven't They haven't	been sleeping well recently.
Have you been sleeping well recently?  Yes, i have, / No, 1 haven't. Has he been steeping well recently? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn't.			
1 A What have you been doing lately? 0)519 B I've been studying for my exams.
She's been going for a walk every morning this week. John's been working very late recently.
2 A You look tired
Et I've been working in the garden. A You're covered in paint. B Yes, I've been decorating the kitchen all day. 2  How long have you been looking for a new job? We've been living here since last year. It's been raining all day,
1 We use the present perfect continuous with action verbs for repeated actions that started in the past and have continued till now. We often use time expressions like recently / lately
• With non-action verbs we use the present perfect simple, eg. I've known them for 10 years. NOT A>e-feeon fan owing them for 10 years.
2 We use the present perfect continuous for continuous actions which have visible present results.
3 We use the present perfect continuous to ask or talk about situations which started in the past and are still happening now. We often use for / since or time expressions like all day / all morning /all week. We don't use the present continuous or the present simple, e.g.
I've been waiting since 70 o'clock. NOT I'm waiting since 10 o'clock. I wait since 10 o'clock.
• If you say when something happened, use the past simple, not the present perfect continuous, e.g. JVe been watching a lot of TV lately. I saw a great programme last night. NOT t'vc been seeing a groat programme last night.
work and Jive
These verbs can usually be used in either the present perfect simply or the present perfect continuous with no difference in meaning, e.g. I've been living here for three months. OR I've lived here for three months.
a   Complete answers, a-i with the present perfect continuous. Then match them to the questions.
Why are your clothes so wet?
1 Why are you so late?
2 Do you want a coffee?
3 Are you going to move to London?
4 Are the children hungry?
5 Is her English good?
6 How's you r n ew ca me ra?
7 Why is Sally crying?
8 Do you think it's safe to drive?
a She _a sad film on TV. (watch)
b No, thanks. I too much calfelne
lately, {drink) c I don't think so. It.
very h eav i ly. (s now}
d I Ve been msbing the car. (wash)
e No. They _ biscuits all afternoon, (eat)
f I hope so. We_a flat we can afford.
((oak for)
g Yes, she . _. it for a long time, (learn)
h It's great - I pictures all day. [take)
i I_in a traffic jam for two hours, (sit)
b (^rde}the correct form.
~<iVe been workings I'm working too hard lately.
1 I've been living I I'm living in a small village for five years.
2 An I a is really tired - she's traveling / she's been rraveiling a lot for work since February.
3 I haven't been doing ! I'm not doing much exercise lately,
4 I arrived yesterday and I've been staying / I'm staying for two weeks,
5 He's not answering his phone - maybe he's drfving / he's been driving.
6 At last! I'm waiting I I've been waging for you for ages.
7 I can't stand this weather - it's raining / it's been raining all week.
3 Be quiet! J've been trying / I'm trying to concentrate. 9 I've been seeing / I'm seeing a lot of my family recently. 10 We need to get someone to look at the central
heating, it isn't working / It hasn't been working
properly for ages.
ft p.63
6A
GRAMMAR BANK
obligation, necessity, prohibition, advice
obligation and necessity
1 I have to work every evening, ©6.7 Do we have to leave a tip?
They had to watt for two hours at the airport,
2 You must be more careful. Must I show ID *t the door?
You must pay him back as soon as possible.
3 I need to buy some food for tonight. Do we need to book a table?
1 We use have to to talk about all kinds of obligation, have to can be used in all tenses.
2 We also use must to talk about obligation, must is only used in the present tense. The meaning is similar to have to, but must is especially used when the speaker sees something as a personal obligation. Compare:
I fiave to start wort at 9.00. [an external obligation, the rule where I work}
I must remember to book a table, (a personal obligation, one that I impose on myseif]
3 We can use need to to talk about things that are necessary, need to can be used in all tenses,
no obligation / no necessity
1 You don't have to pay me now © 6.B
2 We won't need to take the car - it's walking distance from here.
3 You needn't hurry, We have plenty of time.
1 We use (not) have to when there is no obligation to do something.
2 We use (not} need to when it is not necessary to do something.
3 We can also use needn't + infinitive without to to say that it is not necessary to do something.
prohibition
You m u stn't b e ru de to customs rs. © o .9
You mustn't serve alcohol to people under 1&.
* We use mustn't when something is prohibited, dangerous, or wrong.
• mustn't and don't have to are completely different. Compare: Vbu mustn't drive. You've been drinking. » Don't drive. (It's dangerous 1 wrong to do it).
Vbu don't have to drive. We can get the bus. - It's not necessary to drive. [There's no obligation Or necessity.)
advice
1 You should try that new Vietnamese restaurant. ©Ů.10 He shouldn't drink so much coffee.
2 You ought to get a new phone.
She oughtn't to spend so much on clothes.
3 When you're in Venice, you must / have to have a drink at Harry's Bar!
1 We use should / shouldn't to give someone advice, or to say what we think is the right thing for ourselves or for someone else to do.
2 We can also use ought to ! oughtn't to to give advice. The meaning is the same as shoufd^ shouldn't.
3 We can use must and have to to give strong advice when we think it's very important that someone does something.
a  £irde„)the correct form. Tick |/J if both are possible,
RTtadjgY must buy a new fridge last week,
1 We don't have to / mustn't be at the airport until 5.00. Our flight isn't until 7.00.
2 You needn't / don't have to worry about getting a ticket in advance - you can pay on the train.
3 He shouldn't / doesn't have to have any more cake. He's already had three pieces.
4 You'll have to / You'll need to book a table if you want to go to Gino's on Saturday evening.
5 I should / ought to try to eat more vegetables.
6 We don't need to / mustn't leave yet. The show doesn't start until 7.30.
7 You mustn't / don't have to spill anything on the sofa -it's leather.
8 We must / have to go to the supermarket later, We've run out of coffee.
9 You don't need to / needn't phone me unless your train is delayed.
10 You oughtn't to / don't have to arrive late on your first day at work.
b   Complete the sentences with one word. Contractions count as one word.
I definitely think you should sell your house. It would be a really good idea.
1 You turn your phone on until the plane has landed.
2 Here's the form. You_ _ to sign it at the
bottom.
3 I think perhaps you to buy a new table, and maybe you should get some chairs as well,
4 We_have to leave until 2.30. It'll only take
an hour to get there.
5 She come if she doesn't want to. Nobody will mind.
6 Our journey back was a nightmare. We _to
wait hours for the bus.
7 You read his new book! You'll love it.
8 You_to drink so many fizzy drinks. They're
really not good for you.
9 Do I _ to write a thank-you letter or can
I just send an email? Qp.58
6B
GRAMMAR BANK
can, could, and be able to
ability, possibility, and permission
1 You can use a tooth brush to clean jewellery. Q'j.'\3 I can't understand these instructions.
We tan't park here. It's a no-parking zone. She could swim when she was three years old. They couldn't come to the concert last night.
2 Can you give me a hand? Could I borrow your car?
3 I've been able to drive since I was 17. The technician will be able to fix it. I'd love to be able to ski.
I like being able to try clothes on, so I never buy things online.
4 Unfortunately, we are not able to supply the missing parts. I'm very sorry that I wasn't able to attend the interview on Friday,
5 I couldn't find the book I wanted in the shops, but I was able
to buy it online.
The mark on the carpet was really bad, but in the end I was able to get it out.
1 We use can to talk about ability, possibility, and permission, can is a modal verb, and it only has a present form
(which can be used to talk about the future) and a past / conditional form (could1).
2 We often use Can you / J... 7 or Could you / I...? to make requests or ask for permission. Could...?is more polite.
3 For all other tenses and forms, we use be able to + infinitive.
4 We sometimes use be able to in the present and past if we want to be more formal-
5 If we want to talk about ability on one specific occasion in
the past, we can use couldn't but ngj eouW- Instead, we use was / were able to.
• VVe can also use managed to instead of was / were able to, e.g. I managed to buy it onfine.
deduction
It can't be broken! 1 only bought it last week. (J) 6.14
They can't be back yet. They said they were coming home on Sunday.
• We use can't to say we are sure that something is impossible ( not true.
• In this sense, the opposite of can't is must Compare: She can't be at work yet. it's only 7.30 a.m.    i'm sure it's not true.)
She must be at work now. It's 9.30 a.m. '= I'm sure it's true.)
a   Are the highlighted forms right [S) or wrong {/)? Correct the wrong ones.
I'm afraid it's broken and I won't can mend It. / / won't be ab/e to
1 He can to sew realiy well - he makes all his own clothes.
2 The office is closed now, but you will can phone them on Monday.
3 He loves music - he could play the violin when he was four!
4 You couldn't be serious! The ball was definitely out.
5 I love this shopping centre. It's great to be able to buy everything in one place.
6 Ask the shop assistant - she might can help you.
7 I tried to phone the bank, but I wasn't able to speak to the manager.
8 Will I be able use my UK credit card when I'm in the USA?
9 I bought a new bike yesterday - 1 could get 10% off by paying cash.
10 This camera's really cheap - it can't be very good,
b   Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could, or be a ore to.
I got a puncture, but I was abJe to change the wheel myself.
1 This screw is much too short - it_be
the right one,
2 I prefer real clothes shops to shopping online. I hate not_try things on,
3 If we_afford it, wed eat out every
week.
. you see if they have these jeans in
my size?
5 If it doesn't fit you, you should change it,
6 They_find the book anywhere in the
UK, so they ordered it from a US website.
7 I've never pronounce her name correctly,
3 Fifty pounds for two pairs of socks? They
_cost that muchl
9 I spent ages looking for the right paint, and in the end
I_ find the perfect colour.
10 She's got a beautiful voice. I'd love_
sing like that.
7A
GRAMMAR BANK
phrasal verbs
Type 1 - phrasal verbs with no object
i get up at 6-00. q)7.6
I'm going to be away for three days next week.
What time are you coming back tonight?
They set off eariy in the morning.
The plane took off late, but we still arrived on time.
* Some phrasal verbs have no object- The verb and the particle can't be separated. NOT / get at 6.00 up.
Type 2 - phrasal verbs with an object - separable
1 Can you fill this bank form in? 3)7.7 Can you fill in this bank form?
Please put your clothes away. Please put away your clothes, Did you switch the computer off? Did you switch off the computer*
2 Can you fill it in? Please put them away. Did you switch it off?
1 Some phrasal verbs have an object and can be separated -we can pat the object before or after the particle,
2 If the object is a pronoun (it, them, etc.}, it always goes between the verb and the particle.
t switched it off. NOT / switched off it-.
Type 3 - phrasal verbs with an object - inseparable
1 My sister and I both take after our father. ®7.S A Where's your phone?
B I don't know. I'm looking for it.
A How are you managing until you find a job?
B We're living on rny wife's salary,
2 My boyfriend doesn't get on with his parents. Jane's looking forward to her holiday.
1 Some phrasal verhs have an object but can't be separated -the verb and the particle must stay together, even if the object is a pronoun.
We take after our father. We take after him. NOT We take our father-after. Wetakebimafter-
2 Some phrasal verbs have two particles - they are never separated.
(y reject he correct form. Tick (/) if both are possible.
Shall I switch on the air conditioning / switch the air conditio ning on? ■/
1 I went to the cashpoint and took out €100I took €100 out.
2 The pasta was cold, so I sent back it/ sent it badc.
3 Could you turn down the music / turn the music down? It's very loud.
4 They live off their parents / Jive their parents off.
5 I decided I didn't like my new coat, so I rook back it / took it back to the shop.
6 I picked up the man's waltet / picked the man's waiiet up for him.
7 My sister lent rne some money, but I haven't paid back, her / paid her back yet,
S I set up our new computer / set our new
computer up at the weekend. 9 I grew up in Wales / grew in Wafes up. 10 I'm afraid we're out of these trousers / out these trousers of.
Complete the sentences using a pronoun and the correct form of the phrasal verb in brackets.
Your phone's ringing. Quick, turn it off, [turn off)
1 My parents are arriving at 11.15. Could you ,_at the airport? [pick up)
2 A When do you leave on your trip to China?
B Next Saturday. I'm really
(look forward to)
3 A Do they still have their website?
B No, they . _ a month ago. (close down)
4 A Excuse me madam, have you finished your steak?
B Yes, I can't eat any more. Please S A Have you found your glasses yet? B No. and I've been_
[take away)
for half an hour! [look for)
6 A What did you do with your old computer? B I . (give away)
7 This cheese is past its sell-by date. I'm going to _. (throw away)
S She was with her husband for 20 years, and she
_during his final illness, (look after)
A Have they brought the bill? B No, but I've_
10
A Is the TV loud enough? B No. Could you _
task for)
_a bit? (turn up)
Op.(iü
7B
GRAMMAR BANK
verb patterns
Revise the basics
infinitive with to
1 It's very difficult to read his writing. NOT it's very drffieuftreadrrr
2 i need to go to the supermarket. NOT I need go.-.
3 I went to the cinema to see the new James Bond fiim.
N OT f-werrt-to-the cinema (or t& see.--.
4 Be careful not to stay in the sun too long. NOT Be earefuitG-n&t-Stay,-
infinitive without to
5 He can speak five languages. NOT He-csrt-fo-speaif—
6 We mustn't be late,
NOT We mvstn'l to be l#iv.
gerund (verb + -trig)
7 Watching TV helps me to relax in the evening. NOT Watch TV helps-me.-.-,-
8 I'm not very good at remembering names. NOT I'm not very good at remember
9 I love getting up early in the summer. NOT iiovegeW
10 I hate not seeing the children at bathtime. NOT I hate not see the-children...
• For a list of verb patterns, see p.164.
verbs + infinitive (with or without to)
1 Mandy agreed to come with me. <Qfy7.2u They decided to go home early.
We wanted to visit the Tate Gallery.
2 We can't buy the tickets till tomorrow. There's a lot of traffic - we might be a bit late. You shouldn't drink So much coffee.
1 We use the infinitive with to after many verbs. See p,164 for examples.
2 We use the infinitive without to after all modal verbs (except ought},
verbs + gerund (verb + ~mg)
1 They enjoy watching films at home. ^>7,21 I've finished reading the paper if you want it,
2 She's given up working on Saturdays, I'm looking forward to hearing from you.
Are you going to carry on studying English ne*i year?
1 We use the gerund after some verbs, e.g. enjoy, finish, hate,
2 We use the gerund after phrasal verbs.
verbs + object + infinitive (with or without to)
1 They want us to go on holiday with them, Q)7.22 Liam told me not to tell anyone his news.
My parents don't allow me to wear make-up.
2 His parents let him go to the concert. Our boss makes us work late on Fridays,
1 We use an object + the infinitive with to after some verbs. NOT They want that we go with them. See p.164 for examples.
2 We use an object + the infinitive without to after iet and make.
a   Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
We really enjoy going to concerts, (go)
1 We went to the box office _. the tickets, (pick up)
2 _to a live sporting event is much more
exciting than_it on TV. (go, watch)
3 I hate _. to visit my family more often, but they live so far away, (not be able)
4 I tried_tickets for the concert, but I didn't
manage_any. (buy, get)
5 Nowadays, it's cheaper to the theatre than to a football match, (go)
6 She moved from London to a small village and she really misses to plays and exhibitions, (go)
7 They told me in the front row. (not sit)
8 We needn't_. Amy's always late, (hurry)
9 I can't afford_in the city centre, (live)
10 Now it's difficult a mobile
phone, (imagine, not have)
b   Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
I didn't remember to turn my phone off, I forgot to turn my phone off.
1 They asked me to go to the cinema, and I agreed. They persuaded_.
2 He said he wouldn't help her.
He refused_her.
3 Karen's teacher allowed her to leave school early, Karen's teacher let school early.
4 My husband said, 'You should go to the dentist's.' My husband wants_to the dentist's.
5 The police ordered him to move his car. The police made his car.
6 I practise the piano for 20 minutes a day.
I spend 20 minutes a day_the piano.
7 They asked if we wanted to have dinner with them. They invited with them.
8 We don't go to concerts any more, We've given up_concerts.
8A
GRAMMAR BANK
have something done
I si
How often do you have your car serviced? i don't have the flat cleaned, I clean it myself. She has her house repainted every few years. i'm having my hair cut tomorrow. We've had a new bathroom put in,
The flat was in good condition, so we didn't have it redecorated.
When did you have those photos taken?
We're going to have the carpets cleaned next week.
You ought to have your roof repaired.
• We use have + object +■ past participle when we arrange (and usually pay) for someone to do something for us, either because we can't or don't want to do it ourselves. Compare:
I cleaned my car yesterday. {= I did it myself.}
I had my car cleaned yesterday.
(= I paid someone to clean it for me.)
We can use have something done in any tense and with modal verbs and other verb patterns, e.g. gerunds or infinitives, have is the main verb and is stressed. We use auxiliary verbs (do, did, etc) to make questions and negatives.
If we want to say who did the work, we use by, e.g. We had our wedding photos taken by the same photographer you used. I had the central heating checked by British Gas.
Using get instead of have
Jn this structure, we can also use get instead of have, e.g. I'm going to have my hair cut » I'm going to get my hair cut.
Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.
I [my hair had yesterday cut), I had my hair cut yesterday. t Have (eyes your tested had recently you)?
2 We [to repaired don't have roof the need).
3 I (never whitened teeth have my would).
4 My sister [hair to cut not told short my me have).
5 It's [expensive the to have too replaced carpets).
6 He's (have to his taken going photo).
7 My (faces at children had festival the their painted).
8 We [have ought air conditioning to fixed the).
9 I (shopping the had cleaned my at centre car).
10 I [have before renewed passport go i holiday on to my have).
b  Write sentences about the people in the pictures. Use the correct form of have something done.
He / hair / cut  He's having
his hair cut.
She / need / her car/
service
He / his front door / replace I / the lock / change They / should / their windows / clean
5 She / ought to / her shopping / deliver
6 He / not want / his photo / take
7 She / her portrait / paint
8 He / want / his suit / dry-clean
Op-7*
8B
GRAMMAR BANK
the passive
forms of the passive
present simple
present continuous
present perfect past simple
past continuous
past perfect
will and be going to
infinitive with to infinitive without to gerund
! he siU: ii visited by thousands of people every year. The castle is being restored at the moment.
The King's body has never been found. 10.000 soldiers were killed in an hour at the BattEe of Gettysburg. The bridge was dosed because it was being repaired.
The hospital had been opened by the Queen three years before. When will the new museum be built? We are going to be given our exam results tomorrow.
The city centre has to be closed to all traffic ne^t weekend. The President must be elected by a clear m ajority.
Most people hate being woken up in the middle of the night.
■ We often use the passive when it's not said, known, or important who does an action. My phone has been stolen. (= Somebody has stolen my phone, but we don't know who.]
* if we want to say who did an action in a passive structure, we use by. The Sagrada Familia was designed by Antoni GaudL
* The subject of a passive sentence can be the direct or the indirect object, e.g.
Active: They are going to give us (Indirect object) our exam
results (direct object) tomorrow.
Passive: We are gojrrg to be given our exam results
tomorrow. Oft Our exam results are going to be given to us
tomorrow.
• We often use the passive to talk about processes, for example, scientific processes, and in formal writing, such as newspaper reports.
The chemicals are combined at very high temperatures. Parts of Windsor Castle have been damaged in a fire.
Active or passive?
We can often say things in two ways, in the active or the passive.
1 Usi ng a ctive or pa ssive changes the focus, Compare:
The royal family Owns Windsor Castle. (Active: The focus is more on the owner.) Windsor Castle is owned by the royal family. (Passive: The focus is more on the castle.)
2 The passive is often used for a more formal style, Compare:
They grow rice in Valencia.
(Active: informal - they « people, farmers)
Rice is grown in Valencia.
(Passive: a more formal style)
a   Complete the sentences with the correct passive fornn of the verb in brackets.
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao was opened in 1997, (open)
1 Many roads to traffic for the carnival last month, (close)
2 In recent years, many books_about
the American Civil War, (write)
3 A new shopping centre in the town centre at the moment, (build)
4 I think you should_to take photos in
the museum if you don't use flash, (allow)
5 The last battle on British soil _ at Culloden in 1746. (fight)
6 Washington, DC_ _by nearly 20
million people every year, (visit)
7 I love_round a city by someone who
knows it well, (show)
S The gallery was closed because a TV series _ inside, (film)
9 I_by the neighbour's noisy dog
three times already this week, (wake up) 10 Picasso's famous painting Guernica can in the Reina Sofia Museum in Madrid, (see)
b  Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first
Someone's stolen my bike!   My bike 's been stolen.
1 They had to dose the palace for renovations. The palace
2 You can find more information on the website.
More information_.
3 Martin Luther King gave the famous 'I have a dream' speech in 1963.
The famous 'I have a dream' speech_,
4 A seat belt must be worn at all times.
You__
5 Do you think they're going to offer you the job?
Do you think you're_?
6 The previous church had been destroyed by a fire. A fire
7 Your phone has to be turned off during take-off and landing.
You_.
8 They're going to open a new visitor centre next year. A new visitor centre_,
9 They won't finish the new hospital until July. The new hospital
10 They grow tea in Sri Lanka.
Tea_. ©p.so
9A
GRAMMAR BANK
reported speech
Revise the basics
direct statements	reported statements
1 have a good memory.' I'm not leaving.' 'We'll never forget you.' '1 can't remember,' 'We might / may be a bit late.' '1 must go.'	She said (that) she had a good memory. He told me (that) he wasn't leaving. They told me (that) they'd never forget me He said (that) he couldn't remember. They told us {that} they might be a bit late-She said (that) she had to go.
word changes in reported speech
I'll see you tomorrow.' 'I did it yesterday,' 'I went skiing last week.' 'We don't like it here.' This is your station.'
He said (that) he'd see me the next day. { She told me (that) she'd done it the day before. He said (that) bed been skiing the week before. She told us (that) they didn't like it there. She said [that) that was our station.
>9.2
• Remember that when we report direct speech some time after the original words were sard, we change pronouns and possessive adjectives, time expressions, and words like here and this.
reported questions
1 'What do you want to do?'   She asked me what 1 wanted to do. ©9.3 'When's your birthday?'        She asked me when my birthday was.
2 'Have you been to Australia?' He asked us if,'' whether we'd been to Australia. 'Are you coming with me?'    She asked him if i whether he was coming with her,
1 In reported questions, we change the tenses as with reported statements.
■ Reported questions have normal word order, auxiliaries do/did are not used, nor are question marks: She ashed me what I wanted to do,
NOT £ho 3sfa?d me what did t want to do?
■ The verb ask in reported questions can be used with or without a subject or object pronoun, e.g. She asked what t wanted to do.
• With the verb be, the word order changes in the reported question,
2 We use if or whether to report questions which start with an auxiliary verb.
reported imperatives and requests
1 'Wait in the car.' <3°-4 She told me to wait in the car.
'Don't forget.'
He told me not to forget.
2 'Could you close the window?' She asked me to close the window. 'Can you wait here, please?'
He asked us to wait there.
1 We can use tell + object pronoun + infinitive to report imperatives and Instructions.
• The verb teiJcan mean give information or give an instruction. Compare:
He told me (that) his name was Rob. (= information)
He told me to dose the door. (= instruction)
2 We can use asit +- object pronoun + infinitive to report requests (when you ask someone politely to do something). We must use an object pronoun, e.g. me, us.
* The verb asi; can mean ask a question or mate a request- Compare:
He asked (me) what 1 was doing. (= question} He asked me to dose the door. [= request)
a   Complete the sentences using reported speech,
'I don't know your email.'
He said (that).,.he didn't know my email
1 'I can't find my purse.'      She said (that),..
2 'I'm not coming to class on Friday,'   He said (that},.,
3 'We probably won't go on holiday this summer.' They said (that)-..
4 'I've finished my exams!'   Jane said (that)...
5 'The film will be on tomorrow.'  They told us (that).,.
6 'I haven't been here before,'   Robert told me [that),.,
7 'I must leave at 6.30.'   She said (that)...
8 We've never forgotten our visit.' They told me (that)...
9 'I saw a man hiding in the bushes.'   He said (that)... 10 'I don't really want to see you.'   She told me (that),.,
b   Complete the reported questions, requests, and imperatives.
'Where do you live?'   He asked me,..where I lived.
1 'How many children do you h&ve?'  She asked him...
2 'Could you take a photo of us?' They asked the woman...
3 'Will you be able to come?'  They asked us..,
4 'Please fill in the application form,'   He told me,,.
5 'Did you arrive on time?'   He asked her...
6 'Bring plenty of food.'   She told us...
7 'Can you help me with the cooking?' She asked me...
8 'How long have you been waiting?' He asked them,..
9 'Can you confirm your date of birth?'   He asked her,,. 10 'Don't worry about anything.'   They told us...
©p,87
9B
GRAMMAR BANK
third conditional and other uses of the past perfect
third conditional
If I'd known his number, I would have called him. '3 They'd have been much happier if they'd never married, if I hadn't gone to university, I wouldn't have met my wife. What would we have done if we'd missed the flight?
• We use the third conditional to talk about how things could have been different in the past, i.e. for hypothetical / imaginary situations and their consequences, In the third conditional, we use if + past perfect, would have +■ past participle,
P '6
In third conditionals, Jd is the contraction of both had and woufd, e.g. If I'd known his number, I'd have called him.
T t had would
other uses of the past perfect
1 When we arrived at the departure gate, the flight      <J) v.14 had already closed,
When the film started, I realized that I'd seen it before.
We still hadn't had breakfast whan the taxi arrived,
How long had they been engaged before they got married?
2 'We haven't been married long.'
She said (that) they hadn't been married long.
'My boyfriend proposed to me in Paris.'
She told me (that) her boyfriend had proposed to her in Paris.
Td already 5een the film.'
He said (that) he'd already seen the film.
1 We use the past perfect in narratives when we are talking about the past and we want to talk about something that happened earlier in the past.
* Compare:
When we arrived at the departure gate, the flight closed (= we were on time).
When we arrived at the departure gate, the flight had closed (= we were too late).
2 We use the past perfect in reported speech when the original speech uses the present perfect or the past simple.
« If the original speech is past perfect, there is no change in reported speech.
a   Complete the third conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
If we'd missed the bus, we wouldn't have got home til! midnight, (miss, not get)
1 She_ in love with him if he
_her laugh so much, (not fall, not make)
to the wedding, they . (invite, go)
2 If they.
3 I
4 If we
_ our anniversary if you me. (forget, not remind) _earlier, we
5 If you
our l;a 'i. [leave, 'lot rnissj in advance, you
6 If they
your money, (not pay, not lose) enough money, they
a flat instead of renting one. (have, buy) _better if I
7 I_
a coffee after dinner, (sleep, not drink)
8 Jane and I_
9 If I
touch if she abroad, (not lose, not move] _you had a problem,
10 If he
to help, (know, offer) at the policeman, he ., (not shout, not be arrested)
b  Complete the sentences with the past simple or past perfect form of the verbs in brackets.
When she woke up. the house was empty -he'd gone, (wake up, go) 1 I _ that play very much, even though I
_it three times before, (enjoy, see)
he _ _for the company for six
2 He_
months, (say, work)
3 She still. _ at 10,00, so I the house without her, (not get up, leave)
4 We ..          _ an hour looking for Carol, but she _. (spend, disappear)
5 He_ _across the road, but the taxi_
by someone else, (run, already i take)
6 I . get on the flight because they .. it, (not can, overbook)
7 I_in Sydney for a week when I first
_Sally, (only / be, meet)
_me if I_China before.
8 She (ask, visit)
9 They.
(tell, just / get) 10 The shop
me they
engaged.
yet, but there
already a lot of people waiting outside, (not open, be)
Op-'1
10A
GRAMMAR BANK
be, do, and have: auxiliary and main verbs
be- main verb and auxiliary
1 A Where's my bag?   B It's over there. ©10.2 I was very sensitive when I was a child.
They haven't been here before,
2 I'm sitting on the bus.
They aren't coming to the party,
I was Cycling to work when I saw him.
Were they waiting for you when you arrived?
She's been learning Japanese for two years.
They haven't been working here for very long,
A new concert hall is being built - it will open ne*t year,
My car has been stolen!
1 We can use be as the main verb in a sentence.
2 be is also an auxiliary verb.
* We use am / is/ are as auxiliaries in the present continuous.
• We use was / were as auxiliaries in the past continuous,
• We use has been / have been as auxiliaries in the present perfect continuous.
* We use all tenses of be as auxiliaries in passives.
do - main verb and auxiliary
1 What are you d oi ng? ©10.3 I did my homework last night.
2 She doesn't speak English. where do they live? They didn't go to the theatre. Did you enjoy the film?
1 We can use do 35 the main verb in a sentence-.
2 We use do / don't / does / doesn't as auxiliaries in the present simple, and did/ didn't as auxiliaries in the past simple.
have - main verb and auxiliary
1 I have two brothers and a sister. ©10.4 He's having a shower at the moment.
What did you have for dinner?
2 I have to be at the airport at 11.00.
We had our computer repaired last week,
3 They've bought a new car.
I haven't seen him recently. Has he ever been to Spain?
4 i was sure I'd seen him before.
We were hungry because we hadn't had breakfast. Had she tried to phone you before she arrived?
1 We can use have as the main verb in a sentence. It can be an action or non-action verb, See 2A p.134.
2 With have to and have something done, have is a main verb.
3 We use have / haven't / has / hasn't as auxiliaries in the present perfect.
4 We use had / hadn't as auxiliaries in the past perfect.
a   Complete the sentences with the correct form of the auxiliary verb be, do, or have.
Does he like living in the UK, or is he feeling homesick?
1 A                you ever been to the USA? B No, my husband_like flying.
2 A _you miss the beginning of the film?
B No, luckily it started yet.
3 . he know we _ _ coming, or do we need to give him a ring?
4 I'm sorry I_answer the phone when you
called, but I _ having a meeting.
5 We_often travel outside Europe, but we
_been to Chile twice.
6 He been working since 7.00 this morning, but now he gone home.
7 A Where _ _Melanie going on holiday this
year?
B Rome, I think. She never been there
before.
8 They're in New York, but they_have much
time for sightseeing - they . only staying for
two days.
b   Complete the sentences with the correct form of the main verb be, do, or have,
What have you been doing since I last saw you? (do)
1 I would have finished the exercise if I more time, (have)
2 She _to Africa before, so she's really
looking forward to our trip to Namibia, (not be)
3 I_ _ steak for lunch and it was delicious.
(have)
4 Nothing_at the moment to solve the
problem, (do)
5 Where_you at 10 o'clock this morning? (be)
6 I_ _ a shower when the hot water stopped
working] (have)
7 I really annoyed if you'd repeated what I told you. (be)
8 The reception was a great success, and a good time _by all. (have)
9 I the washing-up as soon as I finish my homework, (do)
Op'6
10B
GRAMMAR BANK
revision of verb forms
Complete the conversation with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Tina   Hi Roger, how aze (be) you? Roger Hi Tina. I'm exhausted - I '_ (work) really hard all week. Is that why you
Tino Roger Yes, 1*
(not come)
out with us last night?
because I *_
last exam s_
tomorrow morning.
Tina   Really? 16_
exams!
Roger Lucky you! What1
Tina
. (not can) come
_(study), My
_(start) at 9.00
. (finish) all my
you
(plan) to do now they're over? _ (fly) to Australia in three _(always / want) to
I 8_
days. I *_
go there, ever since my aunt and uncle
10_ (move) there five years ago,
but 111_(not have) time until
now,
Roger Fantastic - I'm sure you 12_
(love) it.
Tina    I hope sol What about you? I 11_
(see) Mary yesterday and she M_
(say) you ,s_ (invite) h;?r to go
to France.
Yes, but unfortunately she 14 (already / make) other plans.
Roger
Tina   And what about tomorrow evening?
1?
you
Roger
(celebrate)?
Yes, I M_ (think) of going to
that new pizzeria with some friend s.
you
(want)
Tina
to come along?
Yes, that would be great -1 x_
(see) you tomorrow. And good luck with the exam!
Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
He cleaned the windows and earned £20. (pay) He was paid £20 for cleaning the windows.
1 She first met him 20 years ago. (know) She_ _him for 20 years.
2 It's not necessary for you to bring any money, (need) You_to bring any money.
3 I can't repair the chair because I don't have any glue, (have)
tf I_some glue, I could repair the
chair.
4 I learnt to swim when I was five, (be able, swim) I_since I was five.
5 What arc your plans after you graduate? [go) What _ to do after you graduate?
6 He says it would be good to include a covering letter (suggest, include)
He_a covering letter,
7 The President opened the concert hall in 2019. (open) The concert hall in 2019.
8 I had much longer hair when I was younger, (used, have)
I _ much longer hair when I was
younger.
9 You can pay me back tomorrow, (not have to)
You . _ pay me back until tomorrow.
10 She started learning Russian two months ago. (learn) She . Russian for two months.
11 Somebody had stolen his car so he phoned the police, (steal)
He phoned the police because his car_.
12 My boss said I could leave work early, [let, leave)
My boss_ _me_ _work
early.
13 She accepted the wedding invitation, (say, can) She_come to the wedding.
14 The photo was out of focus because I moved the camera, (move)
The photo would have been in focus if I _the camera,
15 They shouldn't be so careless, (ought, be) They more careful.
Adjective suffixes
1 DESCRIBING PEOPLE
a   Add an ending to the nouns and verbs below and make any other small changes necessary to form adjectives. Write them in the correct column.
affection ■'o'fckfn'   assert Wvini   attract /;>'\rajkI / compassion /lom'pafjh/ consjder .'k.in'sidn/ create kiiVH    envy /'cnvi/   glamour ''cihL'ma/ help 11l- 11 ■■   impulse /'impAls/ love/Uv/ possess p.v/i.'s   power piiu.i   rebel n 1^-^:I rely Ti'lar/   response 'n'sjinni/  thought (b:t/
pi Word endings for adjectives
Many adjectives are formed by adding suffixes (= endings) such as -able i -rbleto a noun or verb Sometimes another small spelling change is required, e.g. losing a final e (feme - famous). Check the spelling changes in your dictionary.
Knowing typical suffixes will help you to recognize that a new word is an adjective.
-abJe /	■ate	-ive	■OUS	■fot
Abie				
sociable	passionate	sensitive	ambitious	successful
sensible	affectionate			
b  ©1.9 Listen and check.
activation Cover the chart and look at the nouns and verbs in a. Say the adjectives.
'I was a very rebellious teenager.'
VOCABULARY BANK 2 DESCRIBING PLACES AND THINGS
a   Add an ending to the nouns and verbs below and make any other small changes necessary to form adjectives. Write them in the correct column,
afford /a'fjstl/   colour /'kAla'   comfort /'kAmfjl/ desireMfiaisil dirt /d-j;t/  expense /ifc'spebs health hoiu   impress ■im'prcv   luxury ••'I.\kj.iri mess nrWs   noise itsal   peace pi:v'  profit /'profit/ rest/rest.'  risk'risk   space ^pch   stress/sires/ suit sit:i/
-able	-y	-ive	-ous	-ful
recognizable	easy	addictive	dangerous	useful
affordable				
b ®1.10 Listen and check.
activation Cover the chart and look at the nouns and verbs in a. Say the adjectives.
3 -FUL AND -LESS
£) -ful and -less
-ful and -less are suffixes which add the meaning 'with' or 'without' to the base word, e.g. careful = with care, carefess = without care, hopeful = with hope, hope Jess " without hope. However, not all words which can form an adjective with -ful can also form one with -Jess, e.g. we can say successful but NOT successless, and not all words which can form an adjective with -Jess can also form one with -ful, e.g. we can say endless but NOT endfut.
a   Look at the -fuf adjectives in the charts in 1 and 2. Tick the ones that can form an adjective with -less.
b Listen and check.
Op-10
Packing
VOCABULARY BANK
1 THINGS TO TAKE ON HOLIDAY
2 DOCUMENTS YOU MAY NEED
a   Match the words and photos.
Electronics
adaptor tfdaepta batteries /'bartris' (phone) charger 'i.fuit^s/ f earphones 'infaonzj hairdryer headraia headphones Iil-lIT.iihi/ travel iron 11x-. I limn
Toiletries
brush hi-.f cornb ■ k-nurn deodorant ili .luttarani/ insect repellent /'insekt npclant/ make-up 'niuik \p razor "reizj/ (nail) scissors Piizszi shampoo ]';s.in'pLi: Sunscreen VwiskriirV toothbrush 'Lu:0hrAjJ' toothpaste 'ttiiflpeiat/ washbag  un|h;uj (also sponge bag \p\iuh; ■ ■ )
Clothes and shoes
bathrobe 'huiffrdub (or dressing gown /'drcsirj flip-flOpS 'flip i'lnpx
pyjamas pa'djcnmaz/ rain jacket /'rem J^aL'kil/ (orraincoat mnka)t/) sjippers fslvpazJ sun hat ''sad ha.-t swimming trunks .•"swimirj ir.\r)ks' swimsuit swimsu:l underwear '\ndswca/
Others
beach bag /'hi:tj baeg first-aid kit/.fj:si «d kit guidebook      i tok pack of cards puk 'ku:il/.< towel /'laud/
b   ©2.1 Listen and check.
activation Cover the words and look at the photos. Say the words.
a   Match the documents to the reasons why you need them on holiday.
1 B passport or ID card
2 V visa
3 travel insurance documents
4 driving licence
5 booking confirmation
a if you are travelling to a country which
requires one, e.g. the USA b if you want to rent a car c in case you have an accident or another
problem
d to allow you to leave and enter a country e to prove to a hotel or airline that you have paid for a room, flight, etc.
b   ©2.2 Listen and check.
activation Which of these documents do you usually take with you when you travel?
3 PACKING VERBS
a   Match the words and photos.
fold (clothes) i'nijIJ pack (a suitcase) na:k/ roll up (clothes) i.-nl \\i unpack -An'nitk/ wrap (fragile things) i;fp
b ©2.3 Listen and check. ©P-16
Shops and services
VOCABULARY BANK
1 PLACES
a   Match the words and photos.
baker's lu-ik.-v, bjirber's 'hu:l'-v butcher's hutjaz/ car showroom |;xiru:m/ chain store  I kin si:*: chemist's /'ke mists/ deli 'Jcli
DtY store ■   in 'wa\ sin: dry-cleaner's ,drai 'kli:no// estate agent's Zi'stert crchonts fishmonger's ''TiJrnAQyaz/
florist's -flrtrtsts/ garden centre \\u\in sent? qreenq rocer^s y'g r i; ngrsosaz/ hairdresser's 'hcnlresaz/ jeweller's '(fetiwto launderette b:n'drctJ market stall 'trunk n stslr newsagent's 'njiKzcid^miv ojf-licence 'of laisnsj stationer's Ml-i|.\i.v travel agent's i i;wl cid.ypnK'
2 PHRASAL VERBS RELATED TO SHOPS AND SHOPPING
a   Match the highlighted phrasal verbs to the definitions.
1 A lot of local shops and businesses have closed down because of the recession.
2 A Do you need an/ help?
B No thanks, I just want to look round.
3 ■ I wanted to get the coat in a large, but
they'd sold out.
4 A Is there somewhere where I can try on
this sweater? B Yes. the changing rooms are over there.
5 I Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking
for a butcher's, Someone told me there was one near here.
6 A Do you have these in a medium?
B I'm sorry, we're out of mediums at the moment, but we should be getting some in soon.
a not have in stock at the moment
b put something on to see if it fits
c (of a shop) not have any more to sell
d stop trading or doing business
e trytofindsomething
f walk round a place to see what there is
b  ®2.23 Listen and check.
ACuvAiiON Cover 1-6 and look at definitions a-f. Say the phrasal verbs.
b  $2.22 Listen and check.
ACTIVATION Cover the words and look at the photos. Say the
wyrds.
P> Shop names with's
The names for many sorts of shops end in 's. This is short for (sb)'s shop, e.g. baker's = baker's shop, chemist's = chemist's shop. In the plural of these shops, there is no apostrophe, e.g. There are several bakers here.
Shop names are also often compound nouns, e.g. bookshop, pet shop, heaJth food store,
Other places to buy things in the UK Charity shops sell second-hand items (especially clothes) which have been given to them by people to raise money for charity. Pound shops sell a variety of cheap goods which cost one pound. Craft fairs are events where you can buy handmade things, often made by local people-Outlets are shops that sell branded goods at reduced prices.
Op-22
Photography
VOCABULARY BANK
1 DESCRIBING A PHOTO
a   Look at the photos ar>d complete the sentences with a word or phrase from the list. Use capital letters where necessary.
behind hi'tramd/  in the background ,'h;ckgraund/
in the bottom right-hand corner -,hntam rait fucntl Iratn^
in the centre \cnlw   in the distance A-hsMns.''
in the foreground f.ryraund/   in front of /in 'frAm svl
in the top left-hand corner ,l up lel'r Ii.tihI krcn.n
on top of nn 'tnp wl   opposite ftjfftzit/
Photo 1
1 fn the background, there's 3 mountain and some low doucL
2 _ _, there's
a grandmother and three children.
3 The boy in an orange T-shirt is standing
_his
grandmother.
4 _ of the photo, there's a building with lots of steps.
5 There's a small building that looks like a temple
_ a small
hill.
Photo 2
6 _
there's
10
a woman standing on a terrace looking at the view. The woman is standing
_a low wall.
the
woman, there's a building with a tower that looks like a church.
_j on the
right, you can just see the top of an oid building which looks like a ruin.
there are
some trees.
£) on top of or at the top of
The bird is on top The bird is at the of the photo. top of the photo.
b  ©3.10 Listen and check.
activation Cover 1-10. Describe where the people and things are in the two photos.
2 TAKING PHOTOS
a   Match the sentence halves.
1 e You use fiash when...
2 You zoom m when...
3 | A photo can be out of focus if...
4 I Many cameras have 3 portrait setting
to use when...
5 A photo can be overexposed if...
6 With good cameras you can use different lenses, e.g. a wide-angle lens, when...
7 ■ You edit a photo when.,,
a you're far away from something and you
want to take a close-up of it. b you want to take a photo of a landscape
but you can't get all of it in. c there's too much light on the subject when
you're taking It. d you want to take a photo of a person, e you want to take a photo somewhere dark,
e.g. indoors or at night, f you change the size, colour, or brightness. g your camera isn't automatic and you
haven't used the right settings.
b  ©3.11 Listen and check.
activation Cover a-g and look at 1-7, Say the rest of the sentences,
©p. 30
Rubbish and recycling
VOCABULARY BANK
RUBBISH: NOUNS AND PHRASAL VERBS
Read the defi nit ions for rubbish and waste. Then match the other nouns from the list to their definitions.
nouns
bin /bin/  bin bag 'Hm bxuj
landfill site ia'tidl'il suit-'  refuse collector ."refjuss kalekta' rubbish Y.\|i]|    waste wcisi waste-paper basket /.wets! 'pops lxi:skjl/
1 rubbish things that you throw away because you don't want them any more (NAmE garbage or trash)
2 ■■■   .■■ materials that are riot needed and are thrown away, e.g. industrial ~, toxic -
3 _ a container that you put rubbish in
{also dustbin)
4 a plastic bag which you put rubbish in and then throw sway
5 . _ a small basket kept indoors where people throw away paper and small things
6 _ the person whose job it is to take
away the rubbish (also dustman, informal bin man)
7 _ an area of land where large amounts of waste are covered with earth
©4.1 Listen and check.
Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from the list.
phrasal verbs
give away .-yiv .i'wci. take away luik .i'uei takeout icikaul'  throw away/t)rooa'wct/
T If that pen doesn't work, just.
I hate having pens around that don't work.
2 Please could you the rubbish? I did il last week.
3 I'm moving house in a few weeks, and I've decided to
a lot of books and clothes to
a charity shop. A In most countries, people throw away used glass, cardboard, etc, in special bins. Local councils then collect this waste and _ft_ to be
recycled,
d   ©4.2 Listen and check.
activation Cover the words and say the definitions and sentences.
2 PACKAGING
a   Match the words and photos.
bottle :
can .kiL-n cardboard box
/'ko:dbo:d bnks/ carton •'kuitn/ jar J.iu:
plastic bag 'phtsuk h:vq
pot prtl
pouch pin j| |
sell-by date /'selhai den/
tin i c n /
(polystyrenes tray ttei
lid lal (orcap k;vp.)    1 tub tAb packet /"pffikii/ wrapper 'rtens'
15== ^
b   ©4.3 Listen and check.
activation What kind of packaging is normally used for,. .7
biscuits   cereal   chicken legs   ice cream milk olives   pasta sauce  sardines  soft drinks yogurt
3 THE PREFIX RE-
a   Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
reapply ri:n'plni.--   feeyele /rh'saikl/   reheat n:'hi:i replay i h'plei   rethink /i i:'l)ink    reuse ri:'in:/.
1 There's a bottle bank at the local supermarket where you can recycle all your glass bottles and jars.
2 All supermarkets in the UK now charge extra for plastic bags. They prefer customers to have shopping bags which they can_.
3 If you're not sure about the project, you should _the whole thing.
4 You can_your dinner in the microwave.
5 They'll have to_the match next Saturday.
6 You should
have fair skin.
sunscreen every hour if you
b  ©4.4 Listen and check.
©P-36
Study and work
VOCABULARY BANK
1 HIGHER EDUCATION
a   Read the text about University College London (UCL) and complete it with words from the list.
campus ,'lka;mp3s.'  dissertation /disa'teijn/
faculties /'facklliz/  halls of residence /h.rlz av 'rezidans/
lectures fkkifaJ  postgraduates fcwttfyrfcdjitSI
professors /praTessz/ seminars 'scminuiz/
thesis ■■'oiiMs tutor
undergraduates /.\ndo'ur«;d>)U3ls/  webinars ■'wcbinu:/,''
University College London, also known as UCL, is one of London's most important universities. Founded tn 1826. it is based in the Bloomsbury area of central London. Hie main 1 campus is located around Gower Street.
UCL currently has around 38,000 students, both
(si u den Is Studying lor their first degree) and '' _ (students studying lor further
degrees). Further degrees include a Master's degree, usually a one-year course at the end of which students
have to write a1__or a PhD (doctorate), a
Ihree-year (or more) course during which studenis have lo write a doctoral5 _.
UCL has around 7,000 academic and research staff, and 840 4 _ (the highest ranked
university leather), which is more than any olher British university. The research and leaching is divided into ten
, e.g. Arts and Humanities, Engineering Sciences, Medical Sciences, etc.
Many students, particularly first year undergraduaies
and overseas students, five ine_ . The
majority of others find their own accom modal ion. Students are taught in tutorials (small groups of studenis with a
_), or through 10_ (larger
classes where students discuss or study with their teacher)
or11_(where a large group of studenis
listen to a talk bui do not participate). Some teaching may also be in the form of1? (seminars conducted over the internet).
Famous past Students range Irom Alexander Graham Bell, ihe invenior of the telephone, and Mahaima Gandhi, to all Ihe members of the rock group Coldplay, who met while at university there.
b ©4.13 Listen and check. What do the bold words and phrases mean?
activation With a partner, say three things which are the same and three which are different about universities in your country.
2 APPLYING FOR A JOB OR COURSE
a   CompSete the gaps with a noun from the list.
CV vi: \ n   experience 'tk'spDriansv  intern hn'ixn/ interview .''mtavjur   job offer fd^nb 'nfa/ permit 'p'i:ml1    qualifications kwnlil'i'kcijh/: reference refranv   skills Nkilz/   vacancy /'vcikansi
What you may need to have
* 1 qualifications (e.g. a degree, a dipLoma)
* J_(having- done some work before)
- a_(e.g. languages, IT)
* a _ (a letter from a person who wouLd be prepared to recommend you)
What you may need to do
* Look lor a 5job _ or course
* apply for a* work _. a place on a
course, a grant / scholarship
* write b 7                     and a covering letter ■ attend an a_
* gets'_or an offer for a place on a
course
* work as an 10
o  ® 4.14 Listen and check. What do the bold words and phrases mean?
Op-40
attend or assist
attend = (formal) to be present at an event
We strongly recommend that students attend all of
their lectures.
assist = (formal) to help sb to do sth
Jack was happy to assist Peter with gathering
information for the report.
apprenticeship or internship
apprenticeship = a period of time during which sb (usually a young person) works for an employer to learn the skills needed for a specific job The apprenticeship to be an electrician lasts about three years and there is art exam you must pass at the end.
internship = a period of time during which sb (usually a student or recent graduate) gets practical experience of a job
Before I got my first job, I did an internship at a publishing company.
Television
VOCABULARY BANK
1 TYPES OF PROGRAMME
a   Match the photos to the types of programmes-
advert "tcdvMl
cartoon ku:'tu:n,' (or animation .Ltm'mc-ijh/} chat show I \m cookery prog ram me/'kokori proograjm/ current affairs programme , k.\r.ini .Vfc.-v pr."KKjra;m/ documentary .(.lokju'menlri/ (crime) drama 'Jij:iiki live sport ',knv *5pXl/ fjeriod drama -'pi.-iri.xl ilm:m;v quiz show "ku 1/ f.^.j I reality show ri'adgti fm! the news /os "nju:z/ the weather forecast
series, soaps, and sitcoms
A series 'serin is a set of TV programmes about the same subject or with the same characters. It is divided into episodes, which usually last between 30 minutes and an hour. When a series first comes out, episodes are usually broadcast once a week. A popular series may return for a second (third, etc.) season. Streaming services like Netf lix now release complete seasons at a time. Sometimes a season is referred to as a box set.
A soap saup (short for soap opera} is a story about the lives and problems of a group of people. It is broadcast several times a week, or even every day,
A sitcom iiikum (short for situation comedy) is a regular TV programme that shows the same characters in different amusing situations.
activation What are the most popular series, soaps, quiz shows, and reality TV shows in your country at the moment?
2 PHRASAL VERBS
a   Complete the definitions with a phrasal verb from the list.
be on bi: on/ turn down I 'j:n dago/  turn off it -j:n off turn on it3:n nn.'  turn over / to:n "nova"  turn up /ta:n AfV
1 the TV = press a button, e.g. on a remote control, to start it working (also switch on)
2 _ _the TV = press a button to stop it working
(also switch off)
3 _the TV = make the volume louder
4 _the TV = make the volume quieter
5 the programme now = it is being shown on TV at this moment
6 _to another channel = press a button to
watch a different channel (also change channef)
b  ©5.3 Listen and check.
ACTIVATION Answer the questions with a partner. Do you ever...?
» choose to stay at home in the evening because there's a good programme on
• turn over to another channel in the middle of a programme
• turn the volume off while you're watching a programme
• turn off a programme as soon as it starts
b ©5.2 Listen and check.
Op.46
The country
VOCABULARY BANK
1 NATURE
2 ON A FARM
a   Match the words and photos.
branch hr;i:nlj bush h.,| cliff . khf/ fence tfcntJ field
gate .gcit/ grass uruiv hedge 'hedLy' hill ;hil/ lake Icik/
leaf h:i (plural /eaves M:w) mud Mini path ■pu:U/ rocks inks-sticks Miki stones m.thhi/-stream /strhm/ valley v:l-11 well wel/ wood /wod/
h   ©5.12 Listen and check.
activation Cover the words and look at the pictures. Say the words.
the country and the countryside We normally use the country to talk about any area that Is not a town or cityj e.g. / live ir> the country, We use the countryside when we are talking about the scenery in the country, e.g. fields, woods, etc., usually in a positive way, e.g. We stayed fn a little village surrounded by beautiful countryside.
hens hcnvJ lambs Lt.ni/ sheep fi;p tractor .■"tntkLV
Match the words and photos
barn hu:n cockerel 'kukoi.il cow kuu donkey /'dorjki/ farmhouse ."luimhaus/
5.13 Listen and check.
c   Complete the text with a verb or past participie from the list.
grow  harvested  pick planted
In the UKP especially In the east of England, a lot of
farmers '_cereals (for example, wheat),
vegetables, and fruit, Most crops are 1 _ in
the early spring and are 3_ _ in the summer,
for example, wheat in August, and most potatoes from June onwards. Soft fruits like strawberries are usually ripe in June and July, and many farms invite people to come and 4 _ their own fruit,
d  ©5.14 Listen and check. What do you think the bold words mean?
activation Cover the words in a and look at the pictures. Say the words, ©p.51
At a restaurant
VOCABULARY BANK
1 THINGS ON THE TABLE
a   Match the words and photos.
bowl i".'ii. candle k.umll, corkscrew k.^:k\ksu:
CUp   i. V|l
fork te.kt glass yluiv jug IdsAg/ knife 'naif' mug 'inAt)'
napkin 'ruL-pkm (also serviette ,saivi ) oil and vinegar .ill on 'viniy.v plate /plcit/
salt and oepper ,smIi .in 'peps/ saucer v^-o serving cfish       w \ di| spoon feptunj tablecloth 'lablklntt' teapot 'n:pi>[ teaspoon y'ti:sou:iy fay Irei 1 wine glass 'u;km liIu:-.
b   06.1 Listen and check.
activation What would you expect to find on a restaurant table in your country? What do you put on the table when you lay it for lunch or dinner?
food, plate, food - things that you eat plate ~ a round flat object that you put food on when you eat it dish = 1 a flat container for serving food 2 food prepared in a particular way, e.g. the dish of the day, a vegetarian dish
meal = an occasion when people eat food, e.g. breakfast, lunch, dinner
course = one part of a meal, eg, the main course, a four-course meal
2 THINGS PEOPLE DO IN RESTAURANTS
a   Match the verb phrases and photos.
waiters
lay the table
(opp. dear the
table) 1 take an order
recommend, a
dish
carry a tray serve customers pour the wine
customers
book a table order food try the wine send something back
ask for the bill leave a tip
b  06.2 Listen and check.
ACTIVATION Cover the words and look at the photos. Say the phrases.
Op. 56
ft	lk r - *
3 L m	
Ha	
	
	
W	f -
9	-
DIY and repairs
VOCABULARY BANK
1 IN A SHED: TOOLS AND OTHER THINGS FOR REPAIRS
a   Match the words and photos
brick hi i k
bucket LbAfcn drill fail hammer Ikl-iiki ladder IxJn nail ne-il/ padlock •■''pj-'dlnk/ paintbrush 'pt*inir»ivk.f-piece of wood [pits nv 'wixi/ rope i wtp'
screwdriver /'skru:draiv;V screw /skru:/ spanner spmat tap *tiepr 1 tile flail wire w;ji,i
b  ®6.16 Listen and check,
2 IN A DRAWER: USEFUL THINGS AROUND THE HOUSE
Match the words and photos,
box of matches
links rjv 'maMjiz/ drawing pin J mug pin-fuse /fjua/ glue glui handle "hazndlf light bulb km hAlb/
16.17 Listen and check.
needle and thread
.',ni:dl an 'On: J/ penknife "punnair/ Sfillotape 'seJsteip^ t string .Mretj
tape measure 'leip mej? torch in; I J7
7
3	VERB PHRASES			
3	Match verbs 1-9 to phrases a-			
	I	c change	a	something together with glue or
	2	drill		Sellotape
	3	mend	b	a button on a shirt
	4	put together [assemble)	c	a light bulb or a wheel
		Co pp. take apart)	d two things together, e.g. your	
	5	put up		shoelaces or two pieces of string
	6	set up		a new wi-fi network or a home
	7	sew		cinema system
	8	stick	f	shelves or curtains
	9	tie	3	a hole in a wall or in a piece of
				wood
			h	something that's broken
			i	flat-pack furniture
b	9	6.18 Listen and check.		Qp.62
11
Synonyms
Synonyms are words with a very similar meaning, e.g. you can repair, mend. Or fix something which is broken.
Phrasal verbs
VOCABULARY BANK
£l Phrasal verbs: revision
Type 1 - phrasal verbs with no object The verb and particle are never separated:
be on TV, grow up art a farm, move back to the city. Settle down to start a family, turf) over to another channet
Type 2 - phrasai verbs with an object -separable
The verb and particle can be separated:
back op a file, dose down a shop, put together a piece of furniture, put up shelves, send back something you bought online, set up a wi-fi network, switch off a computer, take out the rubbish, throw away leftover food, try on clothes, turn up / down / on / off the TV, keep away insects
Type 3 - phrasal verbs with an object -inseparable
The verb and partic!e[s) are never separated:
ask for the bill, be out of a new product, look for a cash machine, look round a shop, sell out of a size, zoom in on sth you want to photograph
2 PHRASAL VERBS WITH AWAY AND BACK
PHRASAL VERBS TO DO WITH MONEY
Match phrasal verbs 1-6 to definitions a-f.
1 If I lend you the money can you pay me back next week?
2 I need to take out some money. Where's the nearest cash machine?
3 I won't be able to pay off my student loan until I'm 45-
A B He's so generous. When he won the lottery, he gave nearly all the money away.
5 m Nowadays it's difficult for couples to live on
only one salary.
6 I had to live off my parents while I was at university,
a depend financially on
b finish paying for something
c give as a present
d have enough money for what you need
e return money you have borrowed
f remove something from somewhere
(1)7.3 Listen and check.
The meaning of the particle
With some phrasal verbs, the meaning of the particle (the preposition or adverb after the verb) can help you to understand the phrasal verb, e.g, away often means to a different place, out of sight, and back often means to return an action, e.g. go back.
a   Complete the sentences with a verb from the list.
be (x2)   call   get   give   put   run take
away! I won't hurt you. _away until the end of next week.
away
1 Don't_
2 The boss will He's at a conference in Mexico.
3 Please _ your toys away. They're ail over the floor. 4- If you take a paracetamol, it'll _ _ the pain away!
back
5 I'm sorry, but I'm confiscating your phone. You'll it back at the end of the day.
6 He's out, I'm afraid. Could you . back in about half an hour?
7 A Where are you going?
B Just to the shops. I'll back in ten minutes.
8 That's my book!_it back.
b  ©7.4 Listen and check.
3 MORE PHRASAL VERBS WITH TAKE
a   Complete the gaps with a particle from the list.
after  apart  on  off (x2)   out  over up
1 Sorry, I can't come tonight. I'm taking my girlfriend
_ for dinner,
2 They're taking_ten new interns at Radio London,
Why don't we apply?
3 I :,:ikt- my mother. We're both very outgoing.
4 The plane took _ twenty minutes late.
5 Unfortunately, my company was taken _ by a multinational firm, and I lost my job.
6 Take_ _ your shoes, please, I've just cleaned the
floor.
7 You need to take the keyboard_to clean it
properly.
8 I need to do more exercise. I think Til take cycling.
b  ©7.5 Listen and check.
Op-cS
Looking after yourself
VOCABULARY BANK
1 AT THE HAIRDRESSER'S OR BARBER'S
a   Match the words and photos.
2 KEEPING FIT
a   Match the words and photos for equipment and exercises.
« ■ A	
	
	
	i[>1
	
	
bunches Ivmm|i/ a buzz cut /oa/ fcAt/ a fringe .'fnnd.v' ( a parting /'piijno' a ponytail poonileil/ plaits plaits
have your hair...
bleached hli:ijd/ curled kj:ld/ dyed/tinnI: put up pl4 AO? straightened -ihcilnd
have...
a blow-dry 'h|,nj ilrni
a perm p-j:m/
a shave |l-iv
a treatment irhimani/
a trim ■Trim- (or have your hair trimmed)
highlights 'li.nlinis- (or iowlightsl
b  ©8.3 Listen and check..
activation How often do you go to the hairdresser's or barber's? What do you usually have done? Q p.76
			1 3 lr		
			7 a l     ^~ 1		
					
Equipment
(use) an exercise bike (use) a running machine (do / lift) weights (use) a rowing machine (use) a cross-trainer (use) a yoga mat
©8.6 Listen and check.
Exercises
do $j>ups do press-ups do stretches do aerobics do spinning T do Pi late s (or yoga)
activation What equipment or exercises are good if you...?
• want to lose weight
• want to tone your muscles
• want to do cardio exercises
3 BEAUTY TREATMENTS
a   Match the words and photos.
manicure 'numikjoa' pedicure 'pedikjuw facial 'h-'ijl massage ''rmisutj waxing ■■'waksln/ fake tan 'feik lan/
b ©3.7 Listen and check.
activation Which of these treatments would you enjoy?
©p.7o
• have a bad back
• want to improve your flexibility
**3	1
	
	
Appendix
DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS
prepositions after verbs
I agree With my boss about the problem. He apologized for being late-She applied for the job. We      ays argue about mpney-I used to argue with my sister a lot. We arrived at the airport at 6.00 a.m. We arrived in Paris in the evening. I don't believe in ghosts. That bag belongs to me I can't choose between these two shirts. Our weekend plans depend on the weather.
I dreamt about my grandfather last night, They all laughed at me when I fell over.
I'm looking forward to my holiday,
I'll pay for your coffee.
We all posed for a photograph,
! prefer taking the train to flying.
You can always rely on your parents,
He reminds me of an old school friend.
She shared her sweets with my son.
They smiled at me.
I love spending money on clothes.
They succeeded1 in climbing the mountain.
I talked to the hotel manager about my
room.
Are you waiting for someone?
Don't worry about itp it's not a problem.
prepositions after adjectives
She's angry about her salary. She's angry with her boss. He's very close to his father.
The film is different from the book.
lJm really disappointed with these photos.
She's excited about her new job.
Oxford is famous for its university.
I'm fed up with waiting. Let's go!
He's very fond of his teacher.
I'm frightened / afraid / scared of snakes.
He's good / bad at remembering names.
Vegetables are good for you,
She's interested in French literature,
I'm not very keen on fast food
They were very kind to me.
He's married to my best friend.
I'm very pleased with my progress,
I'm proud of my children.
I'm ready for a holiday.
He's responsible for the sales team.
Don't be rude to him.
We're sorry about what happened.
They're tired of working every day.
She's worried about her car.
VERB PATTERNS
verb + infinitive with to
afford {to buy a flat) agree {to help someone) arrange (to meet) be able (to sivimi choose (to do something) decide (to buy a new computer) expect (to feii an exam) forget (to lock the door) help (to cook dinner-) hope (to go to university] learn (to swim) manage (to escape) need (to leave early) offer (to do the washing-up) plan (to Star? a ramify) pretend (to be someone else) promise (to pay someone back) refuse (to cooperate) remember (to buy a present) seem (to be broken) try (to repair the car) want (to go on holiday) would like [fo fravef abroad!
verb + gerund (-mg)
admit (stealing the money) avoid (driving in the city centre) can't stand (queue ing) deny (being involved) dislike (going shopping) enjoy (playing tennis) feel like (going home eariy] finish (having breakfast) hate (being late)
imagine (frying without the internet) keep (forgetting his name) like (cooking for friends) love (reading)
mind (working in the evenings)
miss (Jiving in Spain)
prac tise (playing a difficult piece)
prefer (running to swimming)
recommend (opening a bank account)
spend [a long time practising)
stop (raining)
suggest (seeing a doctor)
verb + object + infinitive with to
advise (me to pay cash) all ow (us to Jeave early) ask [her to help)
invite (us to go away for the weekend)
need (you to fill in a form)
order (him CP sit down)
persuade (me to come to the party)
teach (me to play the piano)
tell (them to be quiet)
want (you to explain)
verb +■ object + infinitive without to
let (me stay up fate) make [me tidy my room)
Irregular verbs
Infinitive	Past simple	Past participle Infinitive	Past simple	Past participle
be rtriJ	was -a iv	been hi:n                   lend lend	lent lent	lent
beat H:i	beat	beaten 'biitri/              Eat /let/	lot	let
become fbtltAxn/	became hi'kcim/	become                     lie 'lai/	lay	lain/leiEi/
begin Ibttynt	began /hi^am/	begun /bi'tjAn;             lose fiatzJ	lost Insl	lost
bite Kni	bit	bitten fbitn/                 make meik.-	made .'mad/	made
break/breik/	broke /braok/	broken .'braokan/           mean /mi:n/	meant/mcrtl/	meant
bring ■'bn^l	brought hrn:t/	brought                    meet mitt/	met met/	met
build /bild/	built hilt.	built pay/poi/	paid tpadi	paid
buy Km	bought /bart/	bought                       put /pot/	put	put
can /ksen/	could kud	read /ri:d'	read /red/	read .red/
catch 'ksclj/	caught kart/	caught                       ride 'raid/	rode i.i. nl	ridden /Yidn/
choose t\fu:/J	chose ijrnj/.	chosen /'ij^wn/             ring /riTj/	rang ImnJ	njng /ran/
come ■kAm/	came kt.Mii	come                        nun/r ah/	ran rca	run
cost kll^l	cost	cost say/sci/	said feed	said
cut Dual	cut	cut                          see/si:/	saw sa	seen /si:ii/
do/du;/	did /did/	done /uah/                 sell /scl/	sold v-KjId/	sold
draw dm:	drew dru:	drawn draru               send send/	sent fsenl	sent
drink /drink/	drank/drank/	drxink /drank/               set 'sc I /	set	set
drive Airaiv/	drove .'drxiv/	driven ilnvn/              sew on	sewed v.kkI	sewn fcabh/
eat fct/	ate tat/	eaten inn.                  shine .Jain/	shone /jim/	shone
fell/fad/	fell/fe"	fallen ."b:bri/ shut/jAi/	shut	shut
feel/fid/	felt fcli/	felt                             sing/siry'	sang sisn.	sung .'s.u.v
find I'lMiuI.'	found 'faund/	found                       sit,'sit/	Sat -.LLI	sat
fly	flew/flut/	flown/Maun/                sleep >.|i;p	slept /slept/	slept
forget .'fo'gct/	forgot /fo'gnl/	forgotten Fffl'gptrl           speak ---i:k	spoke /spaok/	spoken .'spflukoit/
getucl/	got gm-	got                             spend s[h.tuI	spent spent	spent
give (gwf	gaive 'yciv/	given/yivn/                 stand ^lituI	stood Mm!/	stood
go 'uaV	went "went/	gone .'cjmi/                   steal .stilly	stole stsol/	stolen FslaAanJ
grow giou	grew gnrJ	grown grain.'              stick Mik	stuck -i -.k	stuck
hang /hajry	hung h \n	hung                          swim /swim/	swam /swarm/	Swum /swAni/
have htev	had ruLd	had                           take icik	took Auk'	taken fHetkan
hear fbo/	heard ftjaidJ	heard                       teach TiitJ?	taught /n:i/	taught
hide /hatcl/	hid h.ul	hidden /hidnJ               tell /tel/	toid i.-^Ki-	told
hit fin	hit	hit                             think .Uigk/	th ought D.-ki	thought
hurt In: r/	hurt	hurt                         throw BotV	threw ,f)ru:/	thrown Ur.-um/
keep ki:p	kept ktpi	kept understand	understood /Aiida'siud/	understood
know /nau/	knew /nju:/	known/nam/ frncWsncnd/		
lay .'lei/	laid /leid/	lajcl                         wake /weik/	woke iwjuM	woken Pifnakan
learn flam/	learnt /Ixnt/ learned :atn<j	learnt W*Br/WM/	wore /w,-*/	worn fwxn!
		learned                      win win	won waii/	won
leave /li:v/	left /left/	left                          write/ran/	wrote i.nut/	written 'run/
Vowel sounds
SOUND BANK
fish
tree
cat
:lock
1^
horse
bull
boot
usual spelling
computer
risk/ bin lid tin
sitcom since
ee   sheep screen ea   stream leaf e     recycle thesis
pack campus active cash packet stand
ar    carton charger starter jar
a     croft drama grass
bossy rock top bottom off on
(o}ortorch
corkscrew al    stall fall aw   awful saw
u     bush butcher's oo  wood cookery look good
oo   spoon zoom u*   glue true ew   screw crew
I but also
pretty women busy decided village physics
people machine key field receipt
pi ■ is
aunt laugh heart
watch want wash
sausage because
war quarter pour
fought saucer caught
audience board
could should would woman
suitcase cruise shoe move soup
through queue
Many different spellings, hi is always unstressed.
spf?<ik- ■ spack: .5. -round c. nr.iin professor
		er    serve prefer ir     dirty circle ur    turn blurred	research work world worse journey
	bird		
			
		e     pet hen lens sell fence selfish	friendly already healthy jealous many said
j	agg-		
			
especially before consonant + e
IM
usual spelling
up
train
brush dustman mug mud bucket jug
ai
ay
gate baker's nail waiter replay tray
phone
o*    remote stone
tone rope oa   boat soap
i*    tie wire bike     | y     dry recycle igh  light bright
ou   round out 0vv| found foreground
ow  towel crowd
boy
Ol
noisy avoid oil join oy   enjoy employ
ear
eer cheerful volunteer ere   here we're ear clear hear
air
chair
tourist
lul
airport repair fair hairdresser are careful square
but also
money front someone enough touch couple
break great weight straighten they grey
grow show bowl although sew
buy eyes height
really idea period theatre series
their there wear area
A very unusual sound.
euro tour sure  manicure luxurious
A sound between hi and h\l. Consonant + y at the end of words is pronounced hi. happy  angry thirsty
Not a very common sound, education  usually situation
I  I short vowels long vowels     I  I diphthongs
Consonant sounds
SOUND BANK
parrot
bag
key
gir!
vase
tie
dog
snake
zebra
usual spelling
p    plate packet adaptor trip pp   opposite apply
b     bulb bin bag probably tub bb   rubbish robbed
c     comb score k     keep trekking ck   brick padlock
shower
■3.
television
g greengrocers
guidebook
forgetful vinegar gg   aggressive luggage
f florist's safari ph pharmacy
photography ff    cliff affairs
v valley vacancy travel envious CV shave
tt
tutor teapot stick start batteries bottle
d     drill handle
comedy hairdryer dd   addictive middle
S      swimr.ult likes
ss    bossy dissertation
ce/ci fence cinema
z      quiz razor s     easy newsagent's loves reuse
sh   shop toothbrush childish cash
ti (+ vowel) ambitious stationer's
ci (+ vowel) deli* ous facial
! but also
chemist's scholarship qualifications account
enough laugh
of
asked passed
planted bored
science
scene
cycle
sugar sure
machine
chef
Not a very common sound.
revh; on decision  massage usually
usual spelling
c^^- thumb
mother
chess
jazz
leg
right
witch
yacht
monkey
nose
singer
house
th    throw rethink thread path tablecloth maths toothpaste
th    the that
with weather sunbathe together
ch   chat chicken tch  stretch match t (+ure) lecture future
j jeweller's pyjamas g dangerous
package dge hedge bridge
I lay lucky until reliable
II skill rebellious
r     result referee
profitable story rr     current carry
w    war waste
webinar switch wh  whistle which
y     yet yellow yoga yourself
before u
university argue
m    memory stream mountain moody mm hammer swimming
n     needle pond
intern barn nn   spinning thinner
ng   unpacking flying string bring
before k
thanks pink
h     hill hiking
behind farmhouse unhappy perhaps
! but also
written wrong
one once DIY
lamb climb
knife know
who
whose
whole
] voiced       ] unvoiced
OXFORD
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