Hungary
Magyarország
§Carpathian Basin
§Slovakia to the north, Ukraine & Romania to the east, Serbia & Croatia to the south, Slovenia to
the south-west, Austria to the west
§93,000 km2, 9.9 million people
§Budapest
§10.6 million foreign tourists
§
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§Lake Balaton – largest fresh water lake in Central Europe
§Hortobágy – largest natural grasslands in Europe
§Great Synagogue in Budapest – largest synagogue in Europe (1859, Moorish Revival style)
§Pécs – largest Early Christian Necropolis outside Italy
tourist attractions
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§Largest thermal water cave system (hundreds of therapeutic mineral springs), Lake Héviz (largest
thermal lake in Europe), app 1,500 thermal springs (100 just in Capital area), app 450 public baths
§Romans –  remains of bath complexes (Óbuda = Old Buda, part of Budapest)
§Turkish Invasion – spa culture revived (bathhouses Király or Rudas Baths still functioning)
§19 century – deep drilling & medical science (Margaret Island, Gellért, Lukács & Széchenyi Bath)
§Széchenyi Thermal Bath – largest spa complex in Europe
Thermal waters
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Gellert Bath
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C5%91

§Seven cultural sites, one natural site
§One transboundary with Austria, one with Slovakia
Unesco world heritage sites
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§712 caves, 560 km2 (along the border of Hungary & Slovakia)
§Aggtelek, Szendrö-Rudabánya Hill & Esztramos Hill
§Baralda Cave – largest stalactite cave of Europe (18 km long + 8 km in Slovakia)
§Extremely rare combination of tropical & glacial climatic effects
Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst
Domica Cave 22.jpg
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dy205.jpg
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§Historical wine region in north-eastern Hungary (& south-eastern Slovakia)
§27 villages, app 112 km2 of classified vineyards
§Introduced with Celts (i.e. BC) or with Romans (3c AD), existence documented since 16c
§
Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Tokaj_-_Hegyalja-06.jpg Tokaj Hetszolo
vineyard.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Tokaj_cellar2.png
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§Vast area of plains & wetlands (800 km2 NP), largest semi-natural grassland in Europe
§Steppe (grassy plain), Hungarian Grey cattle, Racka sheep, Water Buffalo & horses (herdsmen)
§Stopover site for migrating Common Cranes, Dotterels & Lesser White-fronted Geese
§T-shaped sweep wells, occasional mirage of trees, Nine-holed Bridge (stone bridge, 167 m)
§Traditional forms of land use (grazing of domestic animals for more than two millennia)
Hortobágy National Park – the Puszta
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§Palóc ethnographic village, Hollókö = ‘Raven-stone’, Palóc people (probably descendants of Cumans,
Turkic nomadic people)
§Cserhát Mountains valley surrounded by low peaks below 13-c castle
§Castle & village abandoned, present village grew up below (1683, end of Ottoman period)
§55 village houses, ruins of Castle & surrounding area
Old Village of HOLLÓKÖ and its Surroundings
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§Buda (promontory on the right bank of the river Danube) & Pest (on the plain on the left bank)
§Celtic settlement, Romans – colony called Aquincum (capital of Lower Pannonia, museum)
§Pest – first medieval urban centre (devastated by Tatars in 13c) →
§Castle of Buda (stone walls) built on top of Buda hills → palace complex of Hungarian kings (14c)
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
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remberg_chronicles_-_BVJA.png
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§Castle District – medieval, Baroque & 19c houses, churches & public buildings
§Matthias Church (11c), Fisherman Bastion (7 towers = 7 Magyar tribes, Neo-Romanesque & Neo-Gothic)
§Turkish occupation (16c, 140 years) – built many bathing facilities (Rudas or Kirali Baths still
in use)
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
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eas-Metz.png http://www.esperanza-travel.net/userFiles/upload/images/budimpesta%20dvorac.jpg
http://arnikatravel.com/wp-content/gallery/hungary/castle-district-budapest.jpg River Beatrice
(ship, 2007) 005.jpg
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§First documented use of combined name Buda-Pest – 1831
§Széchenyi Chain Bridge (1849) – suspension bridge, spans the Danube & symbolises reunification
§Andrássy Avenue (Andrássy út, Pest, 1872) – lined with Neo-Renaissance mansions
§Square of Heroes (Hösök tere, 1900) – end of Andrássy Avenue, statue complex (leaders of 7 tribes
that founded Hungary in 9c & other outstanding figures of Hungarian history), Millennium Memorial
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
Széchenyi Chain Bridge in Budapest at night.jpg
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§Pannonhalma Archabbey, top of Mount of Saint Martin (996, one of oldest monuments in Hungary)
§Second largest territorial abbey in the world after Monte Cassino
§Succession of architectural styles of monastic buildings (oldest dating from 1224)
§Basilica with the crypt (13c), Cloisters, Library (360,000, oldest document 1055), Baroque
Refectory
§Surrounded by Arboretum (Botanical Garden with rare tree & bush species) & vineyard
Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment
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Pannonhalma Archabbey

§Lake Neusiedel (Fertö in Hungarian) – second largest Endorheic lake in Central Europe (retains
water & allows no outflow to external bodies of water, converges into lakes or swamps, permanent or
seasonal)
§Covers 315 km2 (75 on Hungarian side), no more than 1.8 m deep, surrounded by reeds (resting place
for migratory birds)
§Rural architecture of villages & several 18-19c palaces
Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape
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http://travelintense.com/wp-content/uploads/lakeneusiedl_birds.jpg Výsledek obrázku pro Lake
Neusiedl birds

§Sopinae – Roman wine-producing colony in Pannonia (2c, Pécs area)
§Capital of Valeria province (one part of Pannonia) & significant Christian centre (by 4c)
§Series of decorated tombs (underground burial chambers with memorial chapels above the ground)
§Richly decorated with murals depicting Christian themes
Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae)
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Thank you for attention