Great Britain the United kingdom of great Britain and northern Ireland §Off the north-western coast of the Continent §Great Britain, north-eastern part of Ireland & many smaller islands §Ireland to the south; Atlantic to the north-west, North Sea to the east, English Channel to the south & Celtic Sea to the south-west; Irish Sea between Great Britain & Ireland §Crown dependencies – Guernsey, Jersey & Isle of Man §Overseas Territories – Bermuda, Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Saint Helena (app 260,000 people) §242,500 km2, 64.5 million people §London, Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952) §31 million foreign tourists File:United Kingdom in its region.svg File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg http://ukmap.facts.co/ukmapof/UKMap.png England – iconic sites §Plymouth (Pilgrims – Mayflower Steps), Portsmouth (HMS Victory), Southampton (RMS Titanic, D-Day) http://susanscott.net/images/WhiteCliffs13.jpg Dover https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/The_Bridge_of_Sighs_looking_west_towards_ Catte_Street.jpg/1280px-The_Bridge_of_Sighs_looking_west_towards_Catte_Street.jpg Oxford https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Part_of_Peterhouse_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_ 1508178.jpg Cambridge https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/William_Shakespeare_-birthplace_-house2.jpg Stratford http://www.chesterbagatelle.co.uk/chester.jpg Chester https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3b/The_Royal_Pavilion_Brighton.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/MayflowerSteps.jpg/800px-MayflowerSteps.j pg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a2/Cherhillwhitehorse.jpg Cherhill White Horse https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Old_Portsmouth.jpg/1280px-Old_Portsmouth. jpg Portsmouth https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/RMS_Titanic_Musician%27s_Memorial,_Southampton. jpg England – cathedrals https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/York_Minster_Chapter_House%2C_Nth_Yorkshi re%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/1280px-York_Minster_Chapter_House%2C_Nth_Yorkshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Canterbury_Cathedral_Choir_2,_Kent,_UK_-_Diliff .jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Winchester_Cathedral_Choir%2C_Hamshire%2C _UK_-_Diliff.jpg/1280px-Winchester_Cathedral_Choir%2C_Hamshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg https://intoxreport.files.wordpress.com/2015/07/winchester-cathedral.jpg Winchester (7c) https://c1.staticflickr.com/1/56/143388390_2b1221e9c0_b.jpg York (11c) http://karlabennion.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/2011-09-05-Canterbury-Cathedral-Copy.jpg Canterbury (11c) File:Salisbury Cathedral June 2015.jpg http://hisalisbury-stonehenge.co.uk/media/2168/salisbury-cathedral-interior-zen-whisk-2.jpg Salisbury (13c) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Exeter_Cathedral_Lady_Chapel%2C_Exeter%2C _UK_-_Diliff.jpg/800px-Exeter_Cathedral_Lady_Chapel%2C_Exeter%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg http://www.exeter.anglican.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/F8O6818Exeter-West-front_web.jpg Exeter (14c) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Lincoln_Cathedral.jpg Lincoln (11c) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/York_Minster_Nave_1%2C_Nth_Yorkshire%2C_U K_-_Diliff.jpg/1024px-York_Minster_Nave_1%2C_Nth_Yorkshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg England – cathedrals England – castles §Windsor §Lincoln (copy of Magna Carta) http://uclu.org/sites/uclu.org/files/windsor_1.jpg https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/ee-content/media/1720/windsor-castle-guards-21-1.jpg http://theremnanttrust.info/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/0671-Magna-Charta-Manuscript-1.jpg http://www.lincolnbig.co.uk/assets/images/content/_widescreen/lincoln-castle-lbig-web.jpg England – castles §Nottingham (Robin Hood) §Winchester (depiction of the Round Table of King Arthur) http://s0.geograph.org.uk/geophotos/03/18/80/3188009_4f8b97d6.jpg http://www.urbanghostsmedia.com/home/twamoran/urbanghostsmedia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/notti ngham-castle-rock.jpg WinchesterCastle.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/The_Great_Hall%2C_Winchester_Castle_-_geograph. org.uk_-_1540296.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Winchester_RoundTable.jpg/800px-Wincheste r_RoundTable.jpg England – castles §Leeds Castle (Anne of Bohemia spent the winter of 1381 on her way to be married to Richard II) §Hampton Court (gardens, maze & Royal Tennis Court – 16 century) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Leeds_castle.JPG/1280px-Leeds_castle.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Leeds_Castle_from_the_west.jpg/1280px-Lee ds_Castle_from_the_west.jpg Richard2 Anna.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/HamptonCurt.jpg/1280px-HamptonCurt.jpg http://www.landmarktrust.org.uk/Global/property-images/DtoL/FishCourt/Holiday/Hampton%20Court%20aer ial%20300%20HB22.jpg http://www.almuntadaschool.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Jesmond-Dene-tennis-court.jpg England – national parks A view of grass covered hillside located within a British National Park. https://www.lumixgexperience.panasonic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/gallery/DukeSilas/Grasmere-from-Sil ver-Howe.jpg View to Sharpitor from Meavy.JPG Peak District Lake District Dartmoor http://www.visitsouthmolton.co.uk/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/exmoor-national-park1.jpg https://i.ytimg.com/vi/eygYVnX6yf8/maxresdefault.jpg http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/multimedia/archive/00390/72099297_FOREST_390942c.jpg Exmoor Jurassic Coast New Forest London §Founded by Romans – Londonium in 43 AD https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Tower_of_London_White_Tower.jpg/1280px-To wer_of_London_White_Tower.jpg Westminster Abbey 2015.jpg https://www.stpauls.co.uk/SM4/Mutable/Uploads/imported_media/The_west_facade,_from_south.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Buckingham_Palace_from_gardens%2C_London% 2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/1280px-Buckingham_Palace_from_gardens%2C_London%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg https://london.globaloutpostservices.com/global/images/imagegallery/the-city/London-British-Museum. jpg Trafalgar Square, London 2 - Jun 2009.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/London_Eye_-_TQ04_26.jpg/800px-London_Eye _-_TQ04_26.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Nelson%27s_Column,_Trafalgar_Sq,_London_-_Sep_2 006.jpg scotland §Clean, unspoilt country – Scottish Highlands (Ben Nevis), Loch Ness & Lomond §Caledonian Canal – connects Inverness with Corpach (97 km, 1/3 man-made) §Thousands historic sites (stone circles, standing stones, burial chambers, Bronze, Iron & Stone Age remains) http://www.dunlachlan.co.uk/photos/Ben%20Nevis.jpg http://www.schottlandreisen.de/images/Karte-Caledonian-Canal.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Caledonian_canal_at_Fort_Augustus.jpg http://pixartimes.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Callanish-Standing-Stones.jpg http://duntrunehouse.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/Pictish-standing-stone-at-Aberlemno.jpg http://www.aolcdn.com/photogalleryassets/mydailyuk/911648/men-an-tol-megalithic-stone-monument-1300 .jpg scotland §Historic castles, houses, battlegrounds, ruins §Golf (St Andrew), fishing (salmon) & hunting (deer, grouse) §Scotch whisky – tours around distilleries http://kingsmillshotel.com/wp-content/uploads/Loch-Ness1.jpg http://www.visitscotland.com/cms-images/2x1/about/food-drink/whisky/malt-whisky-trail-sign http://www.visitscotland.com/cms-images/2x1/see-and-do/country-sports/country-sports-salmon http://www.photographers-resource.co.uk/images/A_heritage/dovecots/article/dunure_ayr.jpg http://www.kenbell.org/wp-content/flagallery/scotland/blackhouses.jpg http://oikos-international.org/standrews/wp-content/uploads/sites/108/2014/03/Old-Course-St-Andrews -Links-Trust-2-960x390.jpg scotland §Edinburg – Edinburgh Castle, Palace of Holyrood, Royal Mile, Arthur’s Seat (remnant of volcano) §Stirling – “Gateway to the Highlands” (between highland & lowland Scotland), Stirling Castle & Wallace National Monument https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Edinburgh_Castle_from_the_south_east.JPG/ 1920px-Edinburgh_Castle_from_the_south_east.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wfm_wallace_monument_cropped.jpg/800px-Wf m_wallace_monument_cropped.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Stirlingcastle.jpg/1280px-Stirlingcastle. jpg http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2009/08/28/article-1209574-06329208000005DC-701_468x368.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/William_Wallace_Statue.JPG wales https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Wales_2.svg/830px-Flag_of_Wales_2 .svg.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/fc/Uk1pnd2000.jpg http://www.xn--c1adibzobjjo.xn--p1ai/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/51ba99a33af3e68265.jpg http://www.visitbritainblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Welsh-Valley-by-David-Peters-on-Flickr-6 00.jpg http://cache.diomedia.com/230h/01/AX/UP/01AX-UP9M.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/Pentre_Ifan_-neolithic_dolmen_-Wales-1June2009. jpg http://www.qub.ac.uk/research-centres/cirb/ConservationEducation/Rhododendron/Image,234661,en.jpg Wales – national parks http://www.visitwales.com/%7E/media/5e1d59b183934e1f8f2ec5f333a89cfe.ashx?h=361&la=en&w=642 http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02294/Snowdonia-National_2294165i.jpg Snowdonia http://www.celtic-trails.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/s119-886-a6_pembroke_g.jpg Pembrokeshire Coast https://unfoldingstories.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/img_1733.jpg Brecon Beacons Wales – castles http://www.caernarfon.com/visitwales/caernarfon.jpg http://www.photographers-resource.co.uk/images/A_heritage/castles/Wales/Beaumaris/3166231165_f49e5e a026_b.jpg http://www.castlewales.com/conwy01.jpg Caernarfon Beaumaris Conwy http://www.britainexpress.com/zen/albums/potd/Harlech-Castle-7737.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/05/Pembroke_Castle_1.jpg Pembroke Harlech Northern Ireland https://briarcroft.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/rhodiehill21.jpg http://homeandaway.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/nordirland-sevaerdigheder.jpg http://cdn-01.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/migration_catalog/article25627782.ece/c2d0c/ALTERNATES/w620/mo urneMountains http://irelandfamilyvacations.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/Castle-Caldwell-Gatehouse.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/af/e9/7a/afe97add78d4e88d915248f019f430f4.jpg http://www.hagansleisure.co.uk/media/uploads/Carrick%20A%20Rede%20Bridge%202.jpg Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge Northern Ireland §Over two hundred monastic houses §Londonderry – only remaining completely walled city in Ireland §Old Bushmill Distillery – oldest licenced whiskey distillery in the world http://www.corrymeela.org/cmsfiles/events/2015/SeptOctNov/dunluce.jpg http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02474/walls400_2474746b.jpg http://www.travellinglanguages.com/English-in-ireland/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2015/02/Bushmills_ Old_Bushmills_Distillery_300_dpi.jpg Dunluce Castle Maghera Church - geograph.org.uk - 222328.jpg http://www.whisky-drinker.com/pages/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/BM_BOTTLES_LINEUP_RGB-2.jpg Unesco world heritage sites §23 cultural sites, four natural sites, one of cultural-natural character §17 in England, four in Scotland, three in Wales, one in Northern Ireland, Bermuda, Pitcairn Islands & Saint Helena River Stour in Canterbury, England - May 08.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lincoln_Cathedral_Nave_1%2C_Lincolnshire% 2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg/1024px-Lincoln_Cathedral_Nave_1%2C_Lincolnshire%2C_UK_-_Diliff.jpg Old Royal Naval College Chapel Interior, Greenwich, London, UK - Diliff.jpg http://images.boomsbeat.com/data/images/full/38904/canterbury_cathedral_20-jpg.jpg http://pixdaus.com/files/items/pics/1/16/251116_08a390f8f7f92552eba72650450603e1_large.jpg Heart of Neolithic Orkney (Scotland) §Four sites, 5,000 years BP §Skara Brae (settlement with stone built houses connected by narrow roofed passages) §Maes Howe (large chambered tomb) §Stones of Stenness (four surviving standing stones & surrounding ditch) §Ring of Brodgar (36 surviving stones) https://digitaldirtvirtualpasts.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/skara_brae_kap_06_hires_c2a9kb.jpg Maeshowe Chambered Cairn http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/Images/Maes-Howe-chamber-large_tcm4-562954.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8pOnqaXMb5I/T-8nLocvYaI/AAAAAAAACGo/7fXovNsmsmE/s1600/Orkney_KAP_Standing _Stones_of_Stenness.jpg http://www.aolcdn.com/photogalleryassets/mydailyuk/911648/ring-of-brodgar-standing-stones-1300.jpg http://im.ft-static.com/content/images/9258b3a2-2717-11e3-bbeb-00144feab7de.img St kilda §Volcanic archipelago off the west coast of Scotland, no permanent residents since 1930 §Towering black cliffs (430 metres) with steep grass-green slopes §One million seabirds at the breeding season (incl rare & endangered species) §Evidence of two millennia of human occupation (stone huts & houses, field systems) http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_YDeW6uBEz2o/SGqdnNmCSyI/AAAAAAAADYs/JrRDYRorXWk/s400/080602IMG_3797.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Soaysheepkilda.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Machias_Seal_Island_puffins.jpg http://www.northernlight-uk.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/the-high-street-in-the-village-on-hirta- st-kilda-by-dawn-menzies.jpg http://i4.dailyrecord.co.uk/incoming/article1761256.ece/ALTERNATES/s615/St%20Kilda%20.jpg http://images.nationalgeographic.com/wpf/media-live/photos/000/596/cache/st-kilda-hebrides-scotland _59660_990x742.jpg Atlantic puffin Feral Soay sheep Stac Levenish Forth bridge §Railway bridge – spans the estuary of the Forth River, opened in 1890 §Earliest great multi-span cantilever bridge in the world & one of the longest (2,529 metres) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/The_guts_of_the_Forth_Bridge_-_geograph.org.uk_ -_1318782.jpg https://bostondecksandporches.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/cantilever_bridge-forth-bridge-edinburgh- scotland1.jpg https://watchoot.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/forth-bridge.jpg Old and new town of Edinburgh §Old Town – along ridge from the Castle on Castle Rock (remnant of volcano) to Palace of Holyrood §Medieval narrow closes, merchant & noble houses (up to six storeys) File:St Giles Cathedral - 01.jpg Saint Giles https://files.list.co.uk/images/2009/09/24/old-town-pic-LST048302.jpg Old Town http://www.eprover.org/EVENTS/PAAR-2010/Arthurs_seat_edinburgh.jpg Arthur’s Seat https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Royal_Palace_of_Holyroodhouse_2.jpg http://www.celysvet.cz/krasne-fotky/staty/164/edinburgh-castle--edinburgh--scotland.jpg Castle https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Edinburgh_map.png Hollyrood Old and new town of Edinburgh §New Town – Neo-Classical, glacial plain to the north of Old Town, large green spaces (18c onwards) §Waverley Valley with Princes Street Gardens http://www.stuckonscotland.co.uk/pictures/new_town_edinburgh_scotland_G6104.jpg https://www.greatrail.com/media/21424417/edinburgh-victoria-street-c-scottish-viewpoint.jpg http://3randolph.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/RandolphCrescent3_Exterior-2.jpg http://m.999photos.com/uk/edinburgh/princes_street_gardens_3.gif New Lanark §Small 18 century village §Early 19 century – philanthropist & Utopian idealist Robert Owen bought the site → §Turned it into model industrial community §Cotton mill buildings, spacious workers’ housing, public facilities, educational institute & school https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/NewlanarkNL05.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Robert_Owen%27s_House%2C_New_Lanark.jpg http://newlanarkhotel.co.uk/upload/images/Aerial%20Hotel.jpg https://owenrobert.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/1517386039_84f86632c7_z1.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/New_Lanark_waterwheel_01.jpg giant’s causeway and causeway coast (northern Ireland) §40,000 massive black basalt columns projecting out of the sea (volcanic activity 50-60 million years BP) §Tops of columns form stepping stones leading from the cliff foot & disappear under the sea §Most hexagonal (some with four, five, seven or eight sides; tallest about 12 metres, 28 metres thick in places) https://img1.etsystatic.com/013/0/5491011/il_570xN.420702825_9bk4.jpg http://affairstoday.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/northern-ireland-giants-causeway-1920x1080.jpg http://ccralive.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/giants_causeway_01-1024x682.jpg http://www.europe-autos.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Giants-causeway-NI.jpg Frontiers of the roman empire §2 century AD to defend Roman Empire from the ‘barbarians’ §Limes Romanus – 5,000 km (from the Atlantic across Europe to Black Sea, Red Sea & across North Africa) §Remnants of walls, ditches, forts, fortresses, watchtowers & civilian settlements §118 km long Hadrian’s Wall (Hadrian, 122 AD), 60 km long Antonine’s Wall (Antonius Pius, 142 AD) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hadrians_Wall_map.svg/800px-Hadrians_Wall _map.svg.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Milecastle_39_on_Hadrian%27s_Wall_2.jpg/8 00px-Milecastle_39_on_Hadrian%27s_Wall_2.jpg http://www.educationscotland.gov.uk/Images/hadrianswallL_tcm4-553745.jpg https://pbt1920.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/chesters-fort-on-hadrians-wall-2.jpg http://www.peterloud.co.uk/photos/OthersUK/Hadrians_Wall/756_Wall_Walltown-1_w750.jpg Durham castle and cathedral (England) §Castle – stronghold & residence of Prince-Bishops of Durham, 11 century (William the Conqueror) §Protected northern boundaries of England §Cathedral – within the Castle, 11/12 centuries to house the relics of Saint Cuthbert (evangeliser of Northumbria, 634-687 AD) & Venerable Bede (672/3-735 AD) §Largest & finest example of Norman architecture in England http://scholadavidica.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/durham_cahedral.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/47/Durham_Cathedral._Interior.jpg http://www.canterbury-cathedral.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/cathedral-from-ChChG.jpg Durham Castle - view from within the Castle courtyard https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Durham_Millburngate_Bridge.jpg/1024px-Dur ham_Millburngate_Bridge.jpg Studley royal park incl ruins of fountains abbey §Was one of largest & richest Cistercian abbeys in Britain (12 century) §Landscape created around the ruins of the Abbey (18 & 19 centuries) §Gardens, canals, ponds, cascades, lawns, hedges… The Park, one feature of the World Heritage Site https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/StudleyAbbey1.JPG/1280px-StudleyAbbey1.JP G http://thechromologist.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Fountains-Abbey-Source-aboutbritain.com_.jpg http://www.culturesouthwest.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/10828879916_e6af46b38b_c1.jpg https://nttreasurehunt.files.wordpress.com/2010/06/ntpl_169720.jpg Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire, UK - Diliff.jpg saltaire §Exceptionally complete & well-preserved industrial village (2 half of 19 century) §Founded by mill-owner Titus Salt as model village for his workers §Textile mills, public buildings & workers’ housing, urban plan survives intact Saltaire mills from the Leeds and Liverpool Canal https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Saltaire_Building.JPG/800px-Saltaire_Buil ding.JPG Church https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Saltaire_Salts_Mill.jpg/1280px-Saltaire_S alts_Mill.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salts_Mill_2.jpg/1280px-Salts_Mill_2.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c3/Cottages_at_Saltaire_-_geograph.org.uk_-_163620 5.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e6/Saltaire_Wohnviertel.jpg Derwent valley mills §Series of 18 & 19 century cotton mills, industrial landscape (high historical & technological significance) §1721 – construction of Silk Mill in Derby, 1770s – two water-powered spinning mills at Cromford→ §Modern factory system established & developed §Industrial establishments in rural landscape → required housing & facilities for mill workers https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Derby_cotton_mill_2006.jpg/800px-Derby_co tton_mill_2006.jpg Arkwright Masson Mills.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Masson_Mills_WTM_5895.JPG/800px-Masson_Mi lls_WTM_5895.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Masson_Mills_WTM_12b_Power_Loom_5980.JPG/ 1280px-Masson_Mills_WTM_12b_Power_Loom_5980.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Leawood.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Chpr_workshop.jpg Ironbridge gorge §Ironbridge – symbol of Industrial Revolution, remains of mines, pit mounds, foundries, factories, workshops, warehouses, iron workers’ housing, infrastructure §Iron Bridge – erected 1779, spans deep valley, first bridge in the world built from iron http://www.coachbookings.com/uploads/1238072002.jpg http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01974/PF-Ironbridge-Gorg_1974295i.jpg http://www.photographers-resource.co.uk/images/A_heritage/industry/Ironbridge/Coalport/H3110907002_ 009.JPG http://www.photographers-resource.co.uk/images/A_heritage/industry/Ironbridge/Coalport/H3110907002_ 055.JPG http://artintheheartpoetry.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/bhvtfoundry.jpg https://a1.muscache.com/im/pictures/51994925/c70d9a5e_original.jpg?aki_policy=x_large Blenheim palace §Palace presented by English nation to John Churchill, the first Duke of Marlborough (for his victory over French & Bavarian troops in 1704) §Built between 1705-1722, within large landscape park https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Blenheim_Palace_Grand_Bridge.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Blenheim_Palace_6-2008_3.jpg/1280px-Blenh eim_Palace_6-2008_3.jpg http://www.folkestonedfas.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Blenheim-Palace-exterior.jpg http://www.sisley.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Blenheim-Palace-East-Front-and-Italian-Garden.jp g City of bath §Romans – 1 century AD, used natural hot springs as thermal spa (Aquae Sulis) §18 century – developed into spa city, Neo-classical Palladian buildings (crescents , terraces & squares) §Preserved Roman structures – Temple of Sulis Minerva & baths complex http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-T_tMxHc9ipQ/Uv8IAOJg6fI/AAAAAAAAA4c/-qN69m-A2u8/s1600/Bath+hippocampus+mo saic.jpg http://holeinthedonut.smugmug.com/DailyPhotos/HITD-Daily-Photos/i-4PQMH2C/0/L/England-Bath-Sacred-S pring-at-Roman-Baths-L.jpg http://teakdoor.com/Gallery/albums/userpics/10495/Bath-13.jpg http://teakdoor.com/Gallery/albums/userpics/10495/Bath-15.jpg http://www.enjoyourholiday.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Holiday-in-the-City-of-Bath.-England-2.jp g http://www.cotswolds.info/images/Bath/famous-people/royal_crescent_and_circus.jpg http://www.amazingplacesonearth.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/BATH.jpg Stonehenge, avebury and associated sites §Avebury – largest Neolithic stone circle in the world (3700 – 1600 BC) §Stonehenge – most sophisticated (2 different kinds of stones – Bluestones & Sarsens, 40 tons, 240 km) §Purpose? astronomic, ceremonial, mortuary? http://moon-books.net/blogs/moonbooks/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Avebury-restored.jpg http://www.bestvaluetours.co.uk/images/products/at/xl-p-703-avebury.jpg http://celticmythpodshow.com/Resources/Galleries/Avebury/Orig/Avebury_Entrance_3c8b4.jpg http://laplacamadre.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/stonehenge-cotswolds_post-152.jpg https://learningfromdogs.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/stonehenge.jpg Stonehenge, avebury and associated sites §Silbury Hill (largest prehistoric mound in Europe) §Beckhampton Avenue (curving avenue of stones) §West Kennet Avenue (avenue of two parallel lines of stones) http://dorwynmanor.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Silbury-Hill-near-Avebury-001.jpg The Kathmandu Darbar Square http://static1.squarespace.com/static/53ce3c52e4b0efb67d7048f2/53cf7b58e4b0dc638325235a/53d11686e4b 01c1b0c1fa615/1407327512990/Adam+%26+Eve-02.jpg?format=1000w Adam & Eve http://cromwell-intl.com/travel/uk/avebury/pictures/avebury-010-013.jpg http://www.stone-circles.org.uk/stone/images/westkenav2.jpg Dorset and east devon coast §Cliffs stretch for 155 kilometres along the Channel coast §Provide almost continuous sequence of rock formations spanning the Mesozoic Era §Called Jurassic Coast (fossils provide continuous record of life on land & in the sea since 185 million years BP) http://www.iorise.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Lulworth-Cove-along-Jurassic-Coast-England.jp g http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/64787000/jpg/_64787549_westbaywintercopyrightmarksimons.jpg http://hqworld.net/gallery/data/media/27/broad_bench__jurassic_coast__dorset__england.jpg http://www.desktopwallpaperhd.net/wallpapers/6/c/wallpapers-nature-cliffs-seaford-sussex-england-si sters-britain-window-seven-europe-61484.jpg http://www.icoast.co.uk/resources/images/layers/pages/Fossil_hunting_1.jpg http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/images/localworld/ugc-images/276272/Article/images/20730172/585 3490.jpg Cornwall and west devon mining landscape §Landscapes radically reshaped during 18 & 19 centuries by deep mining (copper & tin) §Remains of mines, engine houses, foundries, smallholdings, ports, canals, railways & tram roads §Ancillary industries & new towns & villages Crowns peh.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Poldark_Mine_-_geograph.org.uk_-_989503.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Gwennap.jpg/1280px-Gwennap.jpg Pit https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Wheal_Unity_mine_in_Cornwall.jpg/1280px-W heal_Unity_mine_in_Cornwall.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/St_Agnes%2C_Blue_Hills_Tin_Streams_-_geograph.o rg.uk_-_41217.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Waterwheel_at_Morwellham_Quay.jpg Wheelpit Royal botanic gardens, kew §Designed by Charles Bridgeman, William Kent, Capability Brown & William Chambers, 1759 §Historic landscape gardens, used to study botany & ecology §Botanic collections (conserved plants, living plants & documents) §Arboretum, bonsai, cacti, orchid, magnolia & fern collections, rose, azalea, lilac, grass, bamboo & rock gardens The Palm House and Parterre http://in1.ccio.co/tb/DS/x7/2814818486585603uD0g6AT5c.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Pagoda%2C_Royal_Botanic_Gardens%2C_Kew%2C_Londo n.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Orchids,_Kew_Gardens,_Surrey_-_geograph.org.uk_ -_1177810.jpg https://doctorfitz.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/orchids-001.jpg https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5105/5634217471_00990c0d50.jpg Tower of london §White Tower – typical example of Norman military architecture §William the Conqueror to protect London & emphasise his power, 1066 §Tower of London – built around White Tower (royal buildings, 11-16 centuries) §Royal palace, prison (Anne Boleyn, Catherine Howard, Mary Stuart, Sir Walter Raleigh) n Tower of London viewed from the River Thames.jpg http://www.eastlondonadvertiser.co.uk/polopoly_fs/1.2810766.1380186727%21/image/3545413739.jpg_gen/ derivatives/landscape_630/3545413739.jpg http://www.attractiontix.co.uk/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Beefeaters.jpg http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/78131000/jpg/_78131253_tower_poppies.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/2/25/StEdwardsCrown.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/St_John%27s_Chapel%2C_Tower_of_London.jpg /1280px-St_John%27s_Chapel%2C_Tower_of_London.jpg Palace of westminster and westminster abbey §Westminster Abbey – William the Conqueror (11 century) §Coronation of all English & British monarchs, most of them married & buried http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01763/abbey-inside-2_1763770i.jpg File:Westminster Abbey Interior 03.jpg https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5027/5597183689_e9010326f0_o_d.jpg http://www.letenkyblog.cz/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Ln1.jpg http://www.zsnadrazi.cz/rocenka/roc00/anglie44b.jpg Palace of westminster and westminster abbey http://www.britain-magazine.com/wp-content/uploads/westminster-palace-05.gif http://www.nedcitylunch.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/ImageVaultHandler_aspx.jpg §Westminster Palace – home to British Parliament (1840s, on medieval remains) §Church of Saint Margaret – Gothic (11 century, parish church of the Palace) Photograph https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Saint.margarets.overall.london.arp.jpg/10 24px-Saint.margarets.overall.london.arp.jpg Maritime Greenwich §Symbolises English artistic & scientific effort of 17 & 18 centuries §Queen’s House – Inigo Jones, first Palladian building in England §Royal Hospital for Seamen – now Royal Naval College (Christopher Wren, Baroque) §Old Royal Observatory – base-line for the world time zone system, marks the Prime Meridian 312SFEC LONDON-20070917.JPG http://www.urbanpixxels.com/wp-content/uploads/Queens-House-Greenwich-5.jpg http://www.studytours.hu/?scr=image%28m:upload%29,ld,img,4&loc=1&id=uplm390&cs=3017834110 http://infogyor.hu/external/uploaded_images/p19sm1l93c1i061o8j7ph2nq7002.jpg Royal Observatory https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/RNCpano.jpg/1000px-RNCpano.jpg Canterbury Cathedral, St Augustine’s Abbey and St Martin’s Church §Canterbury – seat of the archbishops of the Church of England for nearly five centuries §Cathedral – mixture Romanesque & Gothic styles (11 century, Thomas Becket – 1170 → pilgrimage site) §Church of Saint Martin – oldest church in England §Ruins of the Abbey of Saint Augustine (introduction of Christianity to the Anglo-Saxons) Augustine Abbey.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Staugustinescanterburyrotundaandnave.jpg/ 1280px-Staugustinescanterburyrotundaandnave.jpg Canterbury St Martin close.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Canterburycathedralthrone.jpg/800px-Cante rburycathedralthrone.jpg http://www.canterbury-cathedral.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/cathedral-from-ChChG.jpg http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/UK/Britain_South_and_West/Canterbury_Cathedral/Canterbury _Internal/Images/StT-Chapel2-Jul07-DC4947sAR.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Canterbury_Cathedral_092_Murder_of_St_Thomas.JP G Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd (Wales) §Edward I (1272–1307) – series of castles (pacifying local population & establishing English colonies in Wales) §Four castles – Beaumaris, Conwy, Caernarfon & Harlech §Fortified towns at Conwy & Caernarfon – 13/14 century military architecture http://www.greatorme.org.uk/P7230356A.JPG http://img14.poco.cn/mypoco/myphoto/20130131/04/173390381201301301351504175429880531_001.jpg http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2014/09/22/1411374590736_wps_2_B17DTR_Caernarfon_Castle_.jpg http://orig06.deviantart.net/4aff/f/2009/162/a/4/harlech_castle_by_doriannavarre.jpg Harlech Beaumaris Caernarfon Conwy http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/06/e0/6f/8f/caernarfon-town-walls.jpg http://www.castlewales.com/conwy15.jpg Pontcysyllte Aqueduct and Canal (Wales) §18 km navigable Aqueduct – to carry the Llangollen Canal over the Valley of the River Dee §Completed during Industrial Revolution – early 19 century §Pioneering masterpiece of engineering & monumental metal architecture §Use of both cast & wrought iron, longest & highest aqueduct in Britain WalesC0047.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Pontcysyllte_aqueduct_arp.jpg/1280px-Pont cysyllte_aqueduct_arp.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Under_Pontcysyllte.jpg http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_1303_0001-750-0-20090923145918.jpg http://www.llangollen.com/visitwales/pontcysyllte.jpg Blaenavon Industrial Landscape §19 century – Wales was leading producer of iron & coal in the world §Blaenavon – landscape created by industrial processes associated with production of iron & coal §Coal & ore mines, quarries, furnaces, railway system, public buildings & workers’ housing refer to caption http://www.visitwales.com/%7E/media/569fab7d36044fb2b61f85a4009ce44c.ashx?as=0&h=350&w=1024 https://www.hlf.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/col-13/public/media/projects/lp-08-00111_views03_ 0.jpg?itok=WnM9XB7W http://werelderfgoedfotos.nl/images/galleries/183/3.Blaenavon.www.jpg http://www.heredajo.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/X100-20150621-168.jpg Historic Town of St George and Related Fortifications (Bermuda) §St George – oldest English town in the New World (1612) §Outstanding example of planned urban settlements established in the New World §Associated fortifications illustrate development of English military engineering (17-20 century) http://www.bermuda-online.org/fortstcatherine.jpg https://www.stgeorgesclub.bm/Images/PhotoGalleryzip_files/FORT%20ST%20CATHERINE%20AND%20THE%20BEACH %20HOUSE.jpg http://www.wondermondo.com/Images/NAmerica/Bermuda/Bermuda/StGeorge.jpg http://www.elbowbeachcycles.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/town-hall-st-georges.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/St._Peter%27s_Church_-1.jpg/1280px-St._Pe ter%27s_Church_-1.jpg Gough and Inaccessible Islands (south Atlantic) §Two extraordinary uninhabited oceanic islands, almost untouched (number of endemic species) §Cliffs – one of largest colonies of sea birds (Rockhopper Penguins, Fur & Elephant Seals; whales, dolphins) https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7422/10831781584_d6790955d3_b.jpg http://andradegp.weebly.com/uploads/2/2/8/4/22840778/5356643_orig.jpg https://c4.staticflickr.com/4/3658/3508414918_c162d9ef06_b.jpg http://oceandoctor.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/20110318-IMG_3384-taken-by-David-E-Guggenheim.jpg http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0740_0019-385--19700101010000.jpg Gough Inaccesile http://www.birdwatch.co.uk/userfiles/news/Theusualnumbersofbree.jpg http://ocean.si.edu/sites/default/files/photos/Gough-and-Inaccessible-Islands.jpg Henderson Island (Pitcairn island, Pacific) §Uninhabited raised coral atoll, almost untouched by human presence §Provides ideal conditions for studying dynamics of evolution & natural selection §Ten plant & four land birds native to the island, home to large breeding seabird colonies http://www.rspb.org.uk/Images/hendersonlorikeets_tcm9-354127.jpg?width=768&crop=%280,196,2460,1580% 29 http://www.travelstories.gr/community/data/attachment-files/2012/01/88412_b301c06a60c60044ee74759a3 17615bd.jpg Green turtle swimming over coral reefs in Kona.jpg http://www.diveandtraveltheworld.com/wordpress/wp-content/images/destinations/parcific-ocean/p-h-is land/banyan-trees.jpg Thank you for attention