§Landlocked country §France to the west, Italy to the south, Austria & Liechtenstein to the east, Germany to the north §Birthplace of the Red Cross (1863) §History of armed neutrality (1815) §41,300 km2, 8.2 million people §Bern, called Bundesstadt (federal city) §9 million foreign tourists Switzerland Schweiz (German), Suisse (French), Svizzera (italian), Svizra (Romansh), Confoederatio Helvetica (latin) File:Switzerland in its region.svg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/320 px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Switzerland_CH_map.gif http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Switzerland_CH_map.gif http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Switzerland_CH_map.gif http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Switzerland_CH_map.gif http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Switzerland_CH_map.gif https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Karte_Schweizer_Sprachgebiete_2015.png/22 0px-Karte_Schweizer_Sprachgebiete_2015.png German French Italian Romansh https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Karte_Schweizer_Sprachgebiete_2015.png/22 0px-Karte_Schweizer_Sprachgebiete_2015.png Tourist attractions §Key feature – distinct cultural diversity §Northeast – clean and correct, 8-to-5-working, firmer Swiss-German-speaking Switzerland §Southwest – wine drinking and laissez-faire style known from the French §Southeast (south of the Alps) – sun warms cappuccino-sippers strolling in Italian-style piazzas §Centre – classic Swiss mountain landscape and alphorns §Most obvious result of this variety – four official languages – German, French, Italian & Romansh http://www.jungfrau.ch/fileadmin/images/medienmitteilungen/2010/Interfolk_Jungfrau_2010/Interfolk_F irst_Okt_2010_020.jpg Natural beauties §Large part of the country – the Alps, app 100 peaks – close to or higher than 4,000 meters §3,000 km² of glaciers and firn – Aletschgletscher (largest, 118 km2), numerous lakes §Cave-like buildings in mountains to serve military purposes (hold arms & even fighter planes) File:Matterhornnorth.jpg http://www.stepstomarrow.com/map-switzerland-01.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Engadine.jpg/1280px-Engadine.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/Aletschgletscher-Eggishorn.jpg http://lh3.googleusercontent.com/-fbMcgPdKcn0/VaNXohVGS7I/AAAAAAABEEc/Al241wkHBz0/hidden-swiss-bunk ers-17%25255B6%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800 hidden-swiss-bunkers-19 Aletsch Glacier Matterhorn Natural beauties §Zermatt (starting point for Monte Rosa & Matterhorn), St Moritz (1928 & 1948 Winter Olympics) §Interlaken – along Aare River (between Lakes Thun & Brienz) http://www.boleslavskacestovka.cz/upload/produkty/_1428689775.gif http://autocaravanas.autocity.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/foto1.jpg http://img.myswitzerland.com/mys/n49464/images/buehne/stmoritz_wi.jpg http://www.zermatt.ch/extension/portal-zermatt/var/storage/images/media/bibliothek/neuigkeiten-foto s/guide-michelin-2015/709085-1-ger-DE/Guide-Michelin-2015_front_magnific.jpg basel §Situated on Swiss, French & German border (suburbs in France & Germany) §Red sandstone Romanesque Cathedral (Erasmus of Rotterdam buried) Basel, as seen from the Elisabethenkirche https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Basel_-_Stadtpanorama_vom_M%C3%BCnstertur m.jpg/1920px-Basel_-_Stadtpanorama_vom_M%C3%BCnsterturm.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Rhine_Rhein_Basel_2006_871.JPG/1280px-Rhi ne_Rhein_Basel_2006_871.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Basler_-_Basler_M%C3%BCnster_Westfassade. jpg/800px-Basler_-_Basler_M%C3%BCnster_Westfassade.jpg Geneva §Geneva – centre of French-speaking part of Switzerland (headquarters of United Nations & Red Cross) §Notre-dame, Temple de la Madeleine archaeological site https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Geneva-aerial-view.JPG/1280px-Geneva-aeri al-view.JPG http://www.layoverguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/Geneva-Switzerland1.jpg http://www.newurbanarchitect.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Geneva-Old-Street.jpg File:Basilique Notre-Dame, Genève.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Geneve_temple_Madeleine_2011-08-17_13_05_59_PIC T3862.JPG Madeleine Notre Dame locarno §Italian-speaking part of the country, northern tip of Lake Maggiore at the foot of the Alps §Sanctuary of Madonna del Sasso – pilgrimage site from 15 century §Castello Visconteo – 12 century, part may have been designed by Leonardo da Vinci https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Locarno_Castello_Visconteo.JPG/1280px-Loc arno_Castello_Visconteo.JPG http://www.feratel.com/fileadmin/content_images/Schweiz/Locarno/Brissago_Sommer.jpg http://luftbilder-der-schweiz.ch/images/e/e5/Locarno_1_20105412.jpg http://www.ck-karavan.cz/fotky/velky/svycarsko-alpska-zeleznice-bernina-express-italie-program-3-de n-foto-44.jpg lugano §Italian-speaking part of the country (nicknamed Monte Carlo of Switzerland) §On Lake Lugano, surrounded by the Lugano Pre-Alps http://media.ticinotopten.ch/Lugano-veduta-aerea-27737-T10-HD.jpg Lucerne (luzern) §German-speaking part in central Switzerland §Chapel Bridge (Kapellbrücke) – wooden bridge, built 1333, oldest covered bridge in Europe http://www.swissholidayco.com/Public/Assets/User/images/Region/Central%20Switzerland/Chapel-Bridge. jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Luzern_old_part_of_town.JPG/1280px-Luzern _old_part_of_town.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg/1 280px-Lucerne%27s_Jesuit_Church_at_Sunset.jpg http://chantae.files.wordpress.com/2013/10/my-great-adventure-2013-1878.jpg https://www.bhmpics.com/download/chapel_bridge_lucerne_switzerland-1920x1080.jpg Augusta raurica §First Roman settlement on the Rhine, founded 44 BC (about 20 km from Basel) §Among most important archaeological sites in Switzerland, open-air museum https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Theater_Kaiseraugst.jpg/1920px-Theater_Ka iseraugst.jpg Chateau de chillon §On narrow shore of Lake Geneva & access to Alpine valley of the Rhone §Built to control the road from Burgundy to the Great Saint Bernard Pass in 1005 Castle of Chillon N.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chillon_-_Montreux.jpg/12 80px-Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chillon_-_Montreux.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Basement-of-chillon-castle.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Grand_Hall_of_the_Count.jpg/1920px-Grand_ Hall_of_the_Count.jpg Unesco world heritage sites §Nine cultural sites, four natural sites §Two transboundary with Italy, one with Austria, Germany, Italy, Switzerland & Slovenia FRANCE § https://d1k976m6pd0u9m.cloudfront.net/public/media/55350468e1944.jpg http://eatours.com/wp-content/uploads/Switzerland.jpg http://www.roomsevilla.com/images/00switzerland.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Roman_era_stone_arch_bridge,_Ticino,_Switzerlan d.JPG La Chaux-de-Fonds and Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning §Early 19 century to suit the needs of watchmaking (dedicated to single industry) §Along parallel strips, housing & workshops intermingled (watchmaking culture dating to 17 c) §Document transition from cottage industry to factory production of late 19 & 20 centuries Le Locle Kath Kirche.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Le_Locle%2C_usine_Tissot.JPG/1280px-Le_Lo cle%2C_usine_Tissot.JPG http://img.myswitzerland.com/mys/n10691/images/buehne/cs_153737.jpg http://img.myswitzerland.com/mys/n26177/images/buehne/34_ancienmanege.jpg http://www.ehf-horlogere.ch/uploads/6/0/0/3/6003177/9248950_orig.jpg Lavaux Vineyard Terraces §30 km along shores of Lake Geneva (from Chateau de Chillon to outskirts of Lausanne) §Cover lower slopes of mountainside between villages & the lake (in continuous use & well maintained) §11 century, Benedictine & Cistercian monasteries Vineyards near Lausanne http://ovationdmc.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Lavaux.jpg Old City of Berne §On a hill surrounded by Aare River, 12 c (fountains, sandstone facades, narrow streets & historic towers) §Lauben – 6 km of arcades (15c), one of longest covered shopping promenades in Europe §Over 100 public fountains, 16c – 11 topped with statues (Justice, Messenger, Piper, Samson, Moses) §Time Bell (Zytglogge, 1220s), Gothic Cathedral (Münster, 15c, tallest in Switzerland) §Town Hall (15c), Federal Palace (Bundeshause, 19c), Bear Garden (Bärengraben, heraldic animals of Bern) https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Bern_104.jpg/800px-Bern_104.jpg Federal Palace Aerial view of the Old City http://pher.ch/photos/cities.ch/bern/Bern,%20the%20Cathedral%20%28Muenster%29%204.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Rathaus_%28Bern%29.jpg http://marbau.li/media/Bern-bei-Nacht.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/Berner_Iustitia.jpg Town Hall Abbey of St Gall §Carolingian monastery – important cultural centre of Europe (from 8c to 1805 – secularization) §Abbatial church (present cathedral), cloister housing Library (one of richest & oldest in the world) §Almost all important architectural periods from High Middle Ages to historicism http://seer.ufrgs.br/public/journals/100/homepageImage_pt_BR.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DEDpS6lA2ak/UcTd2HCDGWI/AAAAAAAAMq8/-iuM-WV4GKs/s1600/zeppelin-flight-pic ture-st-gallen-switzerland-europe-city-center-monastery-complex-layout-cathedral-abbey.jpg http://raredelights.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Abbey-Library-of-St.-Gall.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/St.Gallen_Abbey.JPG/800px-St.Gallen_Abbey .JPG http://destinosa1.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall-hd-3.jpg *Frankish Empire, 780-900, reign of Charlemange & his heirs Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona §Glarus Alps – glaciated mountains, 7 peaks above 3,000 m (north-eastern part of the country) §Example of mountain building through continental collision §Tectonic thrust (older, deeper rocks carried onto younger, shallower rocks) Martinsloch.jpg http://img.myswitzerland.com/mys/88226/images/buehne/diashow_format1-1.jpg http://en.graubuenden.ch/typo3temp/pics/Sardona_Panorama_35966852dc.jpg http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/structure/tectonics/thrust_tectonics/thrustsbanner.jpg Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch §Example of High Alps formation, centred on Eiger, Mönch & Jungfrau peaks §Spectacular peaks, U-shaped glacial valleys, cirques, horn peaks, valley glaciers & moraines §Most glaciated part of European Alps – Aletsch glacier (largest & longest in Europe) http://world_heritage.jaxa.jp/images/heritage/description/ph0468_l.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/M%C3%A4nnlichen.jpg Jungfrau Eiger Mönch https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Villa_Cassel.jpg Cirque – kar, moraine – moréna (kamenný val) Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona §Fortified walls & castles Castelgrande, Montebello & Sasso Corbano (around the town of Bellinzona) §Castelgrande – on rocky peak overlooking the entire Ticino valley §Fortified walls run from the Castle to Montebello (on rocky hilltop, integral part of fortifications) §Sasso Corbaro – isolated rocky promontory, highest of the three castles Montebello and Sasso Corbaro castles above Bellinzona https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Castelgrande_Bellinzona.JPG/1920px-Castel grande_Bellinzona.JPG Castelgrande Sasso Corbaro https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/ChateauMontebelloBellinzona.jpg/1280px-Ch ateauMontebelloBellinzona.jpg Montebello Montebello http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/19050839.jpg Sasso Corbaro Monte San Giorgio §Pyramid-shaped wooded mountain beside Lake Lugano (shared with Italy) §Best fossil record of marine life & land-based fossils from Triassic Period (245-230 million years ago) §Records life in tropical lagoon (reptiles, fish, bivalves, ammonites, crustaceans) (reptiles, insects, plants) http://home.arcor.de/annette.roehl/img/msg.jpg http://media.ticinotopten.ch/Monte-San-Giorgio-Fossili-3534-T10-HD.jpg http://www.montesangiorgio.org/.imaging/stk/site-monte-san-giorgio/textImageAbove/dms/site-monte-sa n-giorgio/Immagini-Capitoli/MSG/fossili/Saurichthys-con-embrioni_low/document/Saurichthys-con-embri oni_low.jpg http://www.italia.it/fileadmin/src/img/cluster_gallery/siti_unesco/Monte_San_Giorgio/Esemplare_comp leto_di_attinotterigio_della_specie_Eoeugnathus_megalepis_FdB.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Pachypleurosaurus.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/9b/44/79/9b4479c7ca8415a39a4eb8df7348cf2e.jpg Rhaetian Railway §Brings together two historic railway lines that cross Swiss Alps through two passes §Albula line – opened 1904, north-western part, 67 km long (Switzerland) §Features 42 tunnels & covered galleries & 144 viaducts & bridges §Bernina line – opened 1910, 61 km, features 13 tunnels & galleries & 52 viaducts & bridges (Italy) http://streamlinermemories.info/CAN/BrusioSpiral.jpg http://cache4.asset-cache.net/gc/508488855-train-of-the-rhaetian-railway-on-the-gettyimages.jpg?v=1 &c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=AyU%2BrtZP7HyAkvts%2FqODTHntOFQ2KI%2FBlRaphG08fFuig5vD%2BLkT220WhB4QMFSE http://sonurai.com/wallpaper/LangwieserBridge_EN-US8248360022_th.jpg http://www.ualmedia.pt/resources/images_2013/new4media/fotogaleria/rhaetian_alps/albula_Jan_Geerk.j pg Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair §Carolingian* convent – founded around 775, probably on the orders of Charlemagne §Saint Cross Church, residential tower, residence of bishop, two courtyards surrounded by cloisters, two entrance towers & agricultural buildings §Greatest series of figurative murals (painted app 800 AD) & Romanesque frescoes & stuccoes § § § § § § § § § n n n n n n n n n*Frankish Empire, 780-900, reign of Charlemange & his heirs A clock tower standing beside two small houses and a museum. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Benediktinerkloster_St._Johann_Skulptur.J PG/800px-Benediktinerkloster_St._Johann_Skulptur.JPG Charlemagne https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/St_Johann_-_18.jpg https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MonasterosanGiovanniInterno.JPG/1280px-Mo nasterosanGiovanniInterno.JPG http://www.swissinfo.ch/blob/150326/fca19e8920e9c0ecdaec63b8f195b8c4/keyimg20080715-9333481-0-data. jpg §Serial property of 111 small individual sites §Switzerland 56 sites, Austria (5), France (11), Germany (18), Italy (19) & Slovenia (2) §Remains of prehistoric pile-dwelling (stilt house) settlements §Built from around 5000 to 500 BC on the edges of lakes, rivers & wetlands §Well-preserved & culturally rich archaeological sites (study of early agrarian societies in the region) § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § §Original piles found in many Swiss lakes; reconstruction of a Neolithic dwelling in Neuchâtel Prehistoric Pile dwellings around the Alps https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/514383703_640.jpg https://c1.staticflickr.com/5/4022/4592015590_17fd5c13c8_b.jpg Thank you for attention