§Iberian Peninsula
§Mediterranean to the south & east, Gibraltar to the south, France & Andorra to the north; Atlantic
to the north & west, Portugal to the west
§Balearic Islands in Mediterranean, Canary Islands in Atlantic, Ceuta & Melilla (autonomous cities
in North Africa, border Morocco), town of Llívia (Spanish exclave in France)
§506,000 km2, 46.5 million people
§Madrid, King Juan Carlos I
§61 million foreign tourists
spain
España or Reino de España
File:Spain in its region (whole).svg http://www.statnivlajky.cz/data/flags/ultra/es.png
http://spanelsko.svetadily.cz/userfiles/image/zeme%20sveta/spanelsko-mapa.gif

Summer tourism
§Mild climate during the whole year → beaches
n
http://www.jachcinaplaz.cz/upload/gallery/plaz_656_costa-brava2.jpg
http://newmedia.thomson.co.uk/live/vol/0/2a3c8871446a99bec05f036396a7c80b910112f8/1080x608/web/EURO
PEMEDITERRANEANSPAINCON_ESPCOSTABLANCABENIDORMRES_000349.jpg
http://davemeehan.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/photo-4.jpg
http://www.spain-holiday.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/Playa-de-la-Rijana-Costa-del-Sol.jpg
http://cdn.aarp.net/content/dam/travel/destination-images/spain/costa-del-sol-and-costa-de-almeria/
1400-costa-del-sol-spain-nerja.imgcache.rev1409089561398.web.1400.720.jpg
http://content2.itaka.pl/cms/img/u/kraj/1/costa_de_la_luz_17.jpg
Costa Brava (Wild Coast)
Costa Blanca (White Coast)
Costa Tropical
Costa de la Luz (Coast of Light)
Costa del Sol (Coast of Sun)

Nature & rural tourism
§Mostly mountainous
§Inner Plateau (Meseta Central, 45 per cent)
§Cliffs, beaches, bays, capes & coves
§Balearic Islands, Volcanic Canary Islands
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/22/SotresPanorama.jpg
http://static.panoramio.com/photos/large/18860065.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/ca/10/5e/ca105e88fe040eea8ecf80dd9f76f686.jpg
https://www.colourbox.com/preview/8418925-pirate-coast-cliff-cave-at-menorca-island-spain.jpg
http://hany.info/data/galerie/spanelsko-mallorca-balearske-ostrovy-cala-d-or-santanyi-pobrezi-skaly
-stredozemni-more/full/01-spanelsko-mallorca-balearske-ostrovy-cala-d-or-santanyi-pobrezi-skaly-str
edozemni-more.jpg
http://www.minutex.cz/bin/userfiles/image/staty/kanarske-ostrovy/lanzarote-velka.jpg
Canary Islands

Winter tourism
§High mountains & excellent ski resorts
§Pyrénées, Central System (Sistema Central), Iberian System (Sistema Ibérico) & Sierra Nevada
http://www.firotour.cz/public/ee/1/80/12392_52525_spanelsko_2_v3.jpg
http://www.radynacestu.cz/img/w-900,h-750/2015-02-05/176995179.jpg
http://img4.onthesnow.com/image/la/85/85149.jpg

Cultural tourism
§Crossroads of several civilisations, number of historical cities & towns
§Madrid (1992), Salamanca (2002), Santiago (2000), Barcelona, Seville, Granada Oviedo, Bilbao
§European Capital of Culture – San Sebastián (2016)
§Thirteen UNESCO cities
§
https://anotherheader.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/dsc_3745.jpg
http://hqworld.net/gallery/data/media/46/zubizuri_bridge__bilbao__spain.jpg
http://mostbeautifulplacesintheworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Guggenheim-Museum.jpg
https://travelsuntranslated.files.wordpress.com/2014/02/dscn1687.jpg

festivals
§Many festivals – patron saints, legends, local customs & folklore
§San Fermín in Pamplona – encierro (running of the bulls)
§ 7-14 July, 8:00 am
http://www.gittimgezdimgordum.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/41.jpg
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/Pamplona.jpg
http://sanfermines.net/images/fotos/encierro-curva-mercaderes-02.jpg
http://www.bestourism.com/img/items/big/1400/Las-Fallas-in-Valencia-Spain_Corrida-during-the-festiv
al_5614.jpg http://www.moustachemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Feria-dancing_2236227b.jpg
http://persepolissl.com/fa/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Los-Angeles-Flamenco-Dancer-1-pic-1.jpg
https://www.robertharding.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/817-20081.jpg
http://www.runawaytours.biz/wp-content/uploads/flamencoresweb.jpg

madrid
§Romans (200 BC), Visigoths, Muslis (9 c), Christians (1085)
§El Prado – museum & art gallery
§Royal Palace of Madrid (Baroque)
§Convent of Las Descalzas Reales
http://spanelsko.in/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/M2.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Plaza_Mayor_de_Madrid_06.jpg/1280px-Plaza
_Mayor_de_Madrid_06.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_07.jpg/1280px
-Palacio_de_Comunicaciones_-_07.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Plaza_de_Canalejas_%28Madrid%29_08.jpg/80
0px-Plaza_de_Canalejas_%28Madrid%29_08.jpg Puente de Toledo - 130903 211409.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Palacio_Longoria_%28Madrid%29_16.jpg/1280
px-Palacio_Longoria_%28Madrid%29_16.jpg
City Hall
Plaza Mayor
Canalejas Square
San Jerónimo el Real Church.jpg
Saint Jerome
Bridge of Toledo
City Centre
Longoria Palace

Unesco world heritage sites
§39 cultural sites, three natural sites
§Two of cultural-natural character
§One transboundary with Portugal, two with France, one with Slovenia
§
§
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Castell_de_Cardona.JPG/1280px-Castell_de_
Cardona.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Iglesia_de_San_Pedro%2C_Teruel%2C_Espa%C3
%B1a%2C_2014-01-10%2C_DD_11-12_HDR.JPG/1280px-Iglesia_de_San_Pedro%2C_Teruel%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2014
-01-10%2C_DD_11-12_HDR.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Teruel_-_Iglesia_de_San_Pedro_07.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/Moorish_Palace_Arches_in_the_Alcazar_in_Seville
_%28UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site%29._Seville,_Andalusia,_Spain,_Southwestern_Europe-2.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Estancias_testero_norte_aljaferia.jpg/128
0px-Estancias_testero_norte_aljaferia.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Claustro_mud%C3%A9jar_de_la_Iglesia_de_San_Pedr
o,_Teruel,_Arag%C3%B3n,_Espa%C3%B1a_-_20090426.jpg

§Lighthouse at entrance to La Coruña harbour
§Late 1 century (Romans)
§34 metre high Tower on 57 metre high rock
§21 metres added (18 century)
Tower of Hercules
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Torre_de_H%C3%A9rcules_-_DivesGallaecia2012-62.
jpg http://www.pxleyes.com/images/users/m/mqtrf/508/fullsize/4b26c1baadee4_medium.jpg
http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_1312_0001-750-0-20151105160941.jpg
http://i314.photobucket.com/albums/ll407/hercon/torre-de-hercules1.jpg
http://www.galicia.info/uploads/1/8/4/8/18489470/8768006_orig.jpg

§Pilgrimage site in north-west Spain
§Cathedral – burial place of the apostle James
Santiago de Compostela
http://protiproud.parlamentnilisty.cz/images/textiky/catedraldesdealameda.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Glo
ria.jpg/1280px-Ap%C3%B3stoles_del_P%C3%B3rtico_de_la_Gloria.jpg
http://c8.alamy.com/comp/C58WWK/spain-st-james-way-tomb-of-the-apostle-st-james-in-the-cathedral-of
-C58WWK.jpg
http://sandstead.com/images/spain/santiago/SANTIAGO_DE_COMPOSTELA_Cathedral_interior_1_photosource_
LS_digital_4.JPG

§Defended the Roman town of Lucus (3 century)
§Entire circuit survives intact
Roman Walls of Lugo
http://www.spainisculture.com/export/sites/cultura/multimedia/galerias/monumentos/murallas_lugo_t27
00421.jpg_1306973099.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Muralla_romana_de_Lugo.JPG
http://www.worldheritagesite.org/picx/w987.jpg
http://www.pro9.co.uk/html/gallery/gallery/miscgallery/2009LugoTournamentPromoRomanWalls.jpg
http://i.imgur.com/CWWDTq2.jpg

§Most important gold mine in Roman Empire (1 century AD)
§Hydraulic mining
n(undermining mountain with large quantities of water)
Las Médulas
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Poblado_Metal%C3%BArgico_de_Orellan.jpg/1
280px-Poblado_Metal%C3%BArgico_de_Orellan.jpg
https://authentic-journeys.com/site/assets/files/1080/las_medulas.1500x1000.jpg
http://www.fotolibre.org/albums/userpics/10014/pano_1_gruta_medulas.jpg
https://c1.staticflickr.com/3/2528/3710607702_2e57c19bef.jpg

§Network of four Christian pilgrimage routes
n(extension of the Route of Santiago de Compostela)
§1,500 kilometres of the Basque Country
§Needs of pilgrims
n(cathedrals, churches, hospitals, hostels, bridges)
Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain
http://www.santiago-compostela.net/CaminoMapNorth.gif
http://www.caminodesantiago.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Puente-Bridge-280x240.jpg
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/06/15/article-2159915-139C65FE000005DC-626_634x332.jpg
http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/06/15/article-2159915-13A0C04F000005DC-49_634x382.jpg
http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0669_0012-500-375-20140210155101.jpg
http://www.catalanadventures.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/santiago41.jpg

§Kingdom remained the only Christian region of Spain in the 9 century
§Developed its own style of Pre-Romanesque art & architecture
Monuments of Oviedo and the Kingdom of the Asturias
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/SanMigueldeLillo_2009.jpg/1280px-SanMigue
ldeLillo_2009.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Santa_Cristina_de_Lena_III.jpg
http://for91days.com/photos/Oviedo/Santa%20Cristina%20de%20Lena/Santa-Cristina-de-Lena.jpg
http://www.infoesquelas.com/imgs/parroquias/parroquias_san-julian-de-los-prados_san-julian-de-los-p
rados_prados1_1477_1417020191.jpg
Church of Santa Cristina de Lena
Church of San Julián de los Prados
Church of San Miguel de Lillo
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/20060630-Oviedo_Santa_Maria_del_Naranco.jpg
Church of Santa María del Naranco
http://perroviajante.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/cc3a1mara-santa-catedral-de-oviedo.jpg
Church of Cámara Santa

§Peak of Paleolithic cave art (35,000 to 11,000 BC)
§Document creativity of humans
§Testimony to cultural tradition
Cave of Altamira and Paleolithic Cave Art of Northern Spain
http://realhistoryww.com/world_history/ancient/Misc/Prehistoric_Art/Lascaux_0.jpg
http://i222.photobucket.com/albums/dd295/daibai25/altamiraval.jpg?t=1237058547
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b5/2b/c1/b52bc11223e1ead6a7b31be013816dcf.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/AltamiraBison.jpg/1024px-AltamiraBison.jp
g

§Overlaps the mouth of Ibaizabal bay (west of Bilbao)
§Basque architect Alberto de Palacio, 1893
§45 metre high, spans 160 metres, twisted steel ropes
§First in the world to carry people & traffic on high suspended gondola
Vizcaya Bridge
http://www.acciaioartearchitettura.com/ita/wp-content/uploads/Acciaio_ponte_vizcaya-1-900x600.jpg
http://www.europeish.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/vizcaya.jpg

§Caves in Atapuerca Mountains
§Rich fossil remains of the earliest human beings in Europe
§Dating from nearly one million years ago
§Pit of Bones – largest collection of hominid fossils in the world
§
Archaeological Site of Atapuerca
http://devtome.com/lib/exe/fetch.php?hash=ce7424&media=http%3A%2F%2Fweymouthreliefroad.files.wordpr
ess.com%2F2009%2F09%2Farchaeologist-in-burial-pit.jpg
http://aunclicdelaaventura.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Galer%C3%ADa-y-Sima-del-Elefante-al-fondo
.jpg http://www.atapuerca.tv/imagenes/archivo/6.jpg
http://blogs.elpais.com/.a/6a00d8341bfb1653ef01901e302e38970b-pi
http://www.efeverde.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Atapuerca-restos-humanos-EFE-Santi-Otero.jpg

§Cathedral of Our Lady, Gothic (13-16 centuries) → entire history of Gothic art
§Architecture & unique collection of works of art
§Paintings, altarpiece, stained-glass windows
Burgos Cathedral
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Catedral_de_Burgos-Parador.JPG
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/Spain/Camino_de_Santiago/Burgos/Cathedral/Images/800/Burg
os-Cathedral-May-06-DS8094sAR700.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/Retablo_Mayor_Burgoscat.jpg
http://static.thousandwonders.net/Burgos.Cathedral.original.825.jpg
http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/5f/3a/23/inside-a-wedding-cake.jpg
https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2744/4134821363_e7ea307e01_o.jpg

§Suso Monastery founded by Saint Millán (mid-6 century), soon became a place of pilgrimage
§Glosas Emilianenses – first written in Spanish & Basque
n→birthplace of written and spoken Spanish
§Yuso Monastery below Suso (16 c)
San Millán Yuso and Suso Monasteries
http://www.worldheritagesite.org/picx/w805.jpg
http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0805_0001-750-0-20090924140554.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Monasterio_de_Suso_%282%29.jpg
http://youngadventuress.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/IMG_8513-426x640.jpg
http://www.xn--espaaescultura-tnb.es/export/sites/cultura/multimedia/galerias/monumentos/monasterio
_suso_millan_cogolla_t2600345.jpg_1306973099.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Codiceemil.jpg

§Spans the borders of France & Spain, Mount Perdu (3,352 metres)
§Two of European largest & deepest canyons (Spain)
§Three major cirque walls (France)
Pyrénées – Mont Perdu
Les « trois sœurs » depuis le haut de la vallée d'Ordesa, de gauche à droite : le Cylindre du
Marboré (3 328 m), le mont Perdu (3 355 m) et le pic d'Anisclo (3 263 m).
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Ca%C3%B1%C3%B3n_de_A%C3%B1isclo.jpg
https://photos.travelblog.org/Photos/184823/564236/f/5820944-Little_village_Spanish_Pyrenees-0.jpg
http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/photos/ESP/orig/Os_de_Civis_ruelle2.jpg
http://www.studentsoftheworld.info/infopays/photos/ESP/orig/pyrenees_village.jpg
http://www.france-voyage.com/visuals/photos/ariege-pyrenees-regional-nature-park-18219_w300.jpg
http://farm8.static.flickr.com/7363/9738125263_200938ec96.jpg

§Vall de Boí – small & narrow valley, Edge of the Pyrénées
§Steep mountains with grazing lands on higher slopes
§Each village  – Romanesque church (murals, statues & altars)
§Unique for tall, square bell towers
Catalan Romanesque Churches
of the Vall de Boí
http://www.the-world-heritage-sites.com/pics/santa-maria-de-taull-vall-de-boi.jpg
http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0988_0001-750-0-20090924141127.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/Sant_Quirc_de_Durro.jpg
http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/53/f5/88/pantocrator-san-climent.jpg
https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2944/15155785779_d1396114d9_b_d.jpg
http://www.centreromanic.com/sites/default/files/styles/home_slider/public/slide/main-slider/taull4
_0.jpg?itok=rKt0Sy8Q

Works of Antoni Gaudí (1852–1926)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Sagrada_Familia_nave_roof_detail.jpg/550p
x-Sagrada_Familia_nave_roof_detail.jpg
§Seven properties in Modernist style
§In or near Barcelona
§Very personal style (gardens, sculpture & decorative arts
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
* Eusebi Güell assigned the works to Gaudí
http://www.puretravel.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Architect-Antoni-Gaudi-created-the-modern
ist-Park-Guell-in-Barcelona.jpg
http://static.thousandwonders.net/Casa.Batll%C3%B3.original.15425.jpg
http://news.spainhouses.net/wp-content/uploads/Casa-Vicens.jpg
https://aberishablog.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/guell-palace-antoni-gaudi.jpg
http://cdn.c.photoshelter.com/img-get/I00008rehck77GN0/s/860/688/Colonia-Guell-17.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/SF_-_lago.jpg/800px-SF_-_lago.jpg Milà
28-2-12.jpg
Park Güell
Güell Palace
Crypt in Colonia Güell
La Sagrada Familia
Casa Vicens
Casa Mila
Casa Batlló

Palau de la Música Catalana and Hospital de Sant Pau, Barcelona
§Art Nouveau, Lluís Domènech i Montaner , (early 20 century)
§Steel-framed structures full of light & space
http://www.palaumusica.cat/images/220830/image_gallery_close_up.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/Hospital_de_Sant_Pau_02.jpg
http://barcelona-home.com/blog/wp-content/upload/2013/12/feature3.jpg
http://barcelona-home.com/blog/wp-content/upload/2013/10/palau-de-la-musica-catalana-inside-concert
-hall.jpg
http://cdn.guideandgo.com/shopgroups/GuideAndGo/img/product_images/extra_large_images/Palau-de-la-m
usica-Catalana.jpg http://i1.trekearth.com/photos/60250/palau_musica_catalane_2.jpg

Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco
§Tárraco (Tarragona) – centre of all the Roman Iberian provinces
§Most of remains fragmentary, many preserved beneath more recent buildings
§Remains of the walls, Aqueduct, amphitheatre & circus
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Tarragona_-_Circo_romano_14.JPG/1280px-Ta
rragona_-_Circo_romano_14.JPG Muralles romanes (Tarragona) - 4.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Amphitheatre_of_Tarragona_02.jpg/1920px-A
mphitheatre_of_Tarragona_02.jpg
http://i222.photobucket.com/albums/dd295/daibai25/tarraco.jpg?t=1237329428
http://www.worldreviewer.com/_images/69/61/69613d9eff6b15399e7973a537d34c9b/archaeological-ensem-44
0x298.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b9/1e/fb/b91efb9f653c1db6df8a9a53b265c857.jpg
El Pont del Diable

Poblet Monastery
§Founded by Cistercians in 1151 , lands conquered from Moors
§One of the largest monasteries in Spain
§Fortified royal residence
§Pantheon of the kings of Catalonia & Aragon
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Poblet-Reial_Monestir_de_Poblet_15.JPG/80
0px-Poblet-Reial_Monestir_de_Poblet_15.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Tombs_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Aragon_and_Eleano
r_of_Albuquerque_-_Monastery_of_Poblet_-_Catalonia_2014.JPG/1280px-Tombs_of_Ferdinand_I_of_Aragon_a
nd_Eleanor_of_Albuquerque_-_Monastery_of_Poblet_-_Catalonia_2014.JPG
http://www.paradoxplace.com/Photo%20Pages/Spain/Navarre_Aragon_Catalonia/Catalonia/Poblet/Images/80
0/Facade-Jun06-D9703sAR800.jpg http://medomed.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/monasterio_-Poblet.jpg
https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8337/8253079966_01003ee219_b.jpg
http://www.the-world-heritage-sites.com/pics/poblet-monastery-interior.jpg

La Lonja de la Seda de Valencia
§La Lonja de la Seda = Silk Exchange in English
§Group of buildings (1482-1533), late Gothic
§Demonstrates the power & wealth of Valencia
n(important Mediterranean & European merchant city)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/VALENCIA_ES_Lonja_inside.jpg/800px-VALENC
IA_ES_Lonja_inside.jpg http://fedepesca.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/fachada-lonja.jpg
http://guias-viajar.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/fotos-valencia-lonja-seda-021.jpg
http://babilonia61.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/La-Lonja-de-la-seda-o-Loggia-dei-mercanti-Valenci
a-finestra-con-entrata-principale.jpg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/La_Lonja_de_Zaragoza.jpg

Rock Art of the Mediterranean Basin on the Iberian Peninsula
§Over 750 examples of prehistoric rock art
§From geometric shapes to scenes of men hunting animals
§The corpus of mural paintings – largest in Europe
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/El_pla_de_Petracos_des_de_l%27interior_de_la_cov
a.JPG
http://www.spainisculture.com/export/sites/cultura/multimedia/galerias/monumentos/pena_escrita_fuen
caliente_t1300161.jpg_1306973099.jpg
http://www.hellovisitspain.com/aplicacion/web/uploads/spovmedia/cat_12/de_1297_6_0_CovesdelaSaltado
ra%28F%29.jpg https://merak66.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/pinturas-de-la-cueva-de-la-valltorta1.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Art_rupestre_Chimiachas.jpg
http://www.rupestre.it/images/abcie001_04.jpg

Mudejar Architecture of Aragon
§Developed in 12 century, influenced by Islamic tradition, applied until early 17 century
§Refined & inventive use of brick & glazed tiles, especially in belfries
§4 churches in Teruel, 2 churches & remains of Zaragora palace & 3 other churches in surroundings
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Utebo_-_Torre_de_la_iglesia_Editada.jpg/3
20px-Utebo_-_Torre_de_la_iglesia_Editada.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Torre_de_San_Pedro%2C_Teruel%2C_Espa%C3%B
1a%2C_2014-01-10%2C_DD_01.JPG/800px-Torre_de_San_Pedro%2C_Teruel%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2014-01-10%2C_DD
_01.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Torre_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_%28Teruel%29.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Zaragoza-La-Seo-1.JPG/1280px-Zaragoza-La-
Seo-1.JPG
http://www.myworldshots.com/p1/m/Spain/Zaragoza/Spain-Zaragoza-panoramic-view-of-Aljaferia-Palace-1
4164.jpg
http://www.spainisculture.com/export/sites/cultura/multimedia/galerias/rutas_culturales/torre_mudej
ar_teruel_t4400041.jpg_1306973099.jpg
http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Wm_ogCfOOKU/T0uzKXISBJI/AAAAAAAAKP0/LUV465qv0ik/s1600/Teruel+towers.jpg
Cimborrio Mudéjar Catedral de Teruel.png

Historic Walled Town of Cuenca
§Built by Moors (Caliphate of Cordoba, 8 century)
§Conquered by Castilians (12 century)
§Royal town & bishopric
§Cathedral – first Gothic in Spain
§Casas colgadas (houses hanging over edge of cliff)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Catedral_cuenca.jpg/1280px-Catedral_cuenc
a.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Casacolgantecuenca.jpg/800px-Casacolgante
cuenca.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Museo_de_Arte_Abstracto_Espa%C3%B1ol_en_C
uenca.jpg/1280px-Museo_de_Arte_Abstracto_Espa%C3%B1ol_en_Cuenca.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Cuenca_Convento_de_las_carmelitas.JPG/128
0px-Cuenca_Convento_de_las_carmelitas.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Cuenca_castillo_1.JPG/1280px-Cuenca_casti
llo_1.JPG View of Los Canónigos, Casas Colgadas (in the foreground), San Pablo Bridge (bottom left)
and Downtown Cuenca (background), as seen from Palomera highway

University and Historic Precinct of Alcalá de Henares
§Founded by Cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros (16 century)
§First planned university city in the world
§Birthplace of Miguel de Cervantes
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Palacio_laredo.jpg/800px-Palacio_laredo.j
pg
Laredo Palace
https://midlifecrisisgapyear.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/28-may-11-024.jpg
University
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_KCuHoU9QBUU/TAIowBYhnkI/AAAAAAAAjP8/-KHzhSkckg8/s1600/Picture%25201.jpg
http://www.dream-alcala.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Palacio-Arzobispal-03.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Plaza_de_Cervantes,_Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henare
s,_Espa%C3%B1a_%2810%29.JPG/250px-Plaza_de_Cervantes,_Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares,_Espa%C3%B1a_%2810%29.
JPG http://cge.pages.tcnj.edu/files/2013/01/Calle-Mayor-de-Alcala-de-Henares-a23634078.jpg
http://www.dream-alcala.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/MercadoMedieval.jpg
Plaza de Cervantes
http://www.azureazure.com/files/Images/Bulletins/Travel/alcala_henares/Alcala-Henares-01.jpg
Archbishop Palace
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Quijote_and_Sancho.jpg

Aranjuez Cultural Landscape
§Relationships between nature & human activities, winding watercourses & geometric landscape design
§Royal Palace (16-mid-18 centuries)
§Extensive pleasure gardens
Palacio Real de Aranjuez (5).jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Kioscos_chinescos_aranjuez.jpg/1280px-Kio
scos_chinescos_aranjuez.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Fountain_of_Apollo,_Island_Garden,_Aranjuez,_Sp
ain.JPG http://whc.unesco.org/document/127521
http://2ca54c85d3f608494402-1c6b4b69d2498d95ab6e291a3fb28b64.r36.cf1.rackcdn.com/135/1/large.jpg
https://farm3.staticflickr.com/2439/3676691270_5413db959a_b.jpg
https://c2.staticflickr.com/8/7719/17006266630_3c0fbf8e9f_b.jpg

Historic City of Toledo
§Founded by Romans
§Capital of Visigothic Kingdom
§Fortress of Emirate of Cordoba (in Muslim Spain)
§Outpost of Christian kingdoms fighting Moors
§Temporarily capital of Spain (16 century)
§Combines Christian, Muslim & Jewish influence
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Toledo_Skyline_Panorama,_Spain_-_Dec_2006.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Circo_Romano_-_Roman_Circus_at_Toledo%2C_
Spain.jpg/1280px-Circo_Romano_-_Roman_Circus_at_Toledo%2C_Spain.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/1_Puerta_de_Bisagra_toledo_2014.jpg/1280p
x-1_Puerta_de_Bisagra_toledo_2014.jpg
Roman circus
Puerta de Bisagra (Muslim)

Monastery and Site of the Escurial, Madrid
§The Escurial Monastery (16 century)
§On a plan in the form of a grill
n(instrument of the martyrdom of Saint Lawrence)
§Cloister, seminary, church
§Residence of the King of Spain
Vista aerea del Monasterio de El Escorial.jpg
http://www.corbisimages.com/images/Corbis-AW001192.jpg?size=67&uid=f8f664fe-77a2-482c-a3f4-0173233c
170f http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/EscorialBiblioteca.jpg

Old Town of Segovia and its Aqueduct
§Alcázar palace (11 century)
§Gothic cathedral (16 century)
§Roman aqueduct (about 50 AD)
§Remarkably well preserved
§Two tiers of arches
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/AcueductoSegovia_edit1.jpg/1280px-Acueduc
toSegovia_edit1.jpg http://www.the-world-heritage-sites.com/pics/cathedral-of-segovia.jpg
http://www.hotelinfantaisabel.com/static/galerias/hotel/06-hotel-segovia-sercotel-infanta-isabel-al
cazar.jpg

Old Town of Ávila with its Extra-Muros Churches
§Founded in 11 century, protected Spanish territories from Moors
§Birthplace of Saint Teresa
§Gothic cathedral & defensive wall (11 c)
n82 semi-circular towers & nine gates
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Puerta_del_alcazar.jpg/1280px-Puerta_del_
alcazar.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/%C3%81vila._Catedral_1.JPG/1280px-%C3%81v
ila._Catedral_1.JPG https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Avila_001.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/%C3%81vila._Bas%C3%ADlica_de_los_Santos_H
ermanos_M%C3%A1rtires%2C_Vicente%2C_Sabina_y_Cristeta_1.JPG/1280px-%C3%81vila._Bas%C3%ADlica_de_los
_Santos_Hermanos_M%C3%A1rtires%2C_Vicente%2C_Sabina_y_Cristeta_1.JPG
San Vicente

Old City of Salamanca
§Conquered by Carthaginians (3 c), then ruled by Romans, later by Moors (until 11 c)
§University of Salamanca – 1218, oldest in Spain
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Iglesia_San_Esteban_Salamanca.jpg/800px-I
glesia_San_Esteban_Salamanca.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Patio_Palacio_Salinas_%28Salamanca%29.jpg
/1280px-Patio_Palacio_Salinas_%28Salamanca%29.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Vista_de_la_catedral_de_salamanca.JPG/800
px-Vista_de_la_catedral_de_salamanca.JPG
http://www.the-world-heritage-sites.com/pics/plaza-mayor-salamanca.jpg
http://asdeu.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/University-salamanca.jpg
University

§On the banks of the rivers Agueda and Côa
§Continuous human settlement from the Palaeolithic Age
§Hundreds of panels with thousands of animal figures
§Around 640 in Siega Verde, 5,000 in Côa Valley
§Carved over several millennia
Prehistoric Rock Art Sites in Siega Verde and the Côa Valley (Spain)
http://javiersevillano.es/VillardeArganan/Imagenes/siega_verde_ciervo.jpg
http://elpuentedeltiempo.com/imagftp/im127Pintura_Rupestre_Ciudad_Rodrigo_Siega_Verde.JPG
http://www.depauw.edu/learn/adelantado/issue3/images/secretos_clip_image018.jpg
http://hemeroteca.elimparcial.es/2014/07/31/www.elimparcial.es/fotos/1/siega_verde_salamanca.jpg
http://static.wixstatic.com/media/373490_019e8b1e0bb34ef3ba6a7a77b48455bf.jpg_srz_400_300_85_22_0.5
0_1.20_0.00_jpg_srz
http://www.visitcentrodeportugal.com.pt/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/foz-coa-vale-2-832x468.jpg

Old Town of Cáceres
§Blend of Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic & Italian Renaissance styles
§About 30 towers (Muslim), Torre del Bujaco
http://www.inedito.com/en/assets/caceres/images/ruta-torre-de-bujaco.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Concatedral_de_Caceres.JPG/1280px-Concate
dral_de_Caceres.JPG
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/C%C3%A1ceres_old_town_2011.jpg
http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/02/2e/e6/ee/casco-antiguo-de-caceres.jpg
http://cache3.asset-cache.net/gc/494964815-caceres-extremadura-spain-gettyimages.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset
&k=2&d=cmpbfDnT6HmvVNzwLVxn8SxDg3gHBI0i0OW9adnnRgkIm16XODw4tPLddO2mfXEb7x8vQpcKvVSfn2GKyr1etw%3D%3D

Royal Monastery of Santa María de Guadalupe
§Statue of Virgin Mary found on the bank of Guadalupe River (13 century)
napparently hidden there by local inhabitants from Moorish invaders in 714
§Chapel built on the site → developed into Royal Monastery
Cloister of the Real Monasterio de Santa María
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Monasterio_de_Guadalupe.jpg/1280px-Monast
erio_de_Guadalupe.jpg http://swco.ttu.edu/medieval/images/ologspain1.jpg
http://whc.unesco.org/uploads/thumbs/site_0665_0009-750-0-20131202173050.jpg
https://midlifecrisisgapyear.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/27-may-11-003.jpg

Archaeological Ensemble of Mérida
§Founded in 25 BC – colony called Emerita Augusta (veterans of the army of Augustus)
§Capital of Lusitania province
§Preserves most Roman monuments in Spain
§Bridge over the Guadiana River (longest of all Roman bridges)
§Forum including the triumphal Arch of Trajan
§Amphitheatre, theatre, Circus Maximus
Merida Roman Theatre1.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Puente_romano_m%C3%A9rida.jpg/1280px-Puen
te_romano_m%C3%A9rida.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GxKX_aqKII8/VM0-5vPBRwI/AAAAAAAAXto/p-JubKgdgHw/s1600/SPAIN%2B-%2BArchaeo
logical%2BEnsemble%2Bof%2BM%C3%A9rida.jpg
https://dinneratmidnight.files.wordpress.com/2010/12/southernspain-91.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Templo_de_Diana_M%C3%A9rida.JPG/1280px-Te
mplo_de_Diana_M%C3%A9rida.JPG

Heritage of Mercury.
 Almadén (Spain) and Idrija (Slovenia)
§Mining sites of Almadén – mercury (quicksilver) extracted since antiquity
n(Idrija – mercury first found in 1490 AD)
§Retamar Castle, religious buildings & traditional dwellings
§Together – two largest mercury mines operational until recent times
https://europa.eu/workingforyou/sites/workforyou/files/6-regio_almaden_920x520.jpg
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/b6/f4/5c/b6f45c2b02f7452bcba5a3b109f9824e.jpg
http://www.sberatelmineralu.cz/media/catalog/product/cache/2/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95
/8/6/86_2.jpg

Historic Centre of Cordoba
§Greatest glory – after the Moorish conquest (8 century)
§300 mosques & innumerable palaces & public buildings
n(to rival Constantinople, Damascus & Baghdad)
§Catholic church (7 century) converted into a mosque →
§Great Mosque → Roman Catholic cathedral (13 century)
§Alcázar de los Reyes Cristianos
§Torre Fortaleza de la Calahorra
Mezquita de Córdoba desde el aire (Córdoba, España).jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Torre_de_la_Calahorra.jpg/800px-Torre_de_
la_Calahorra.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/33_-_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos
.jpg/1280px-33_-_Alc%C3%A1zar_de_los_Reyes_Cristianos.jpg
Alcázar

Cathedral, Alcázar and Archivo de Indias in Seville
§Testimony to civilisation of Almohads (ruled Spain until the Reconquest) & of Christian Andalusia
§Alcázar Palace complex (previous Moorish Palace, 12-17 century)
§Five-nave Cathedral (15 century, tomb of Columbus)
§Giralda minaret (masterpiece of Almohad architecture)
§General Archive of the Indies (documents relating to colonisation of Americas)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/View_from_Alc%C3%A1zar_on_Giralda_%287077
900543%29.jpg/800px-View_from_Alc%C3%A1zar_on_Giralda_%287077900543%29.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tumba_de_Colon-Sevilla.jpg/800px-Tumba_de
_Colon-Sevilla.jpg https://jenniferteacher2point0.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/seville-cathedral.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/Seville_alcazar1.jpg
http://blog.hihostels.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/af12305-111.jpg
http://www.visitasevilla.es/sites/default/files/archivo_de_indias.jpg

Doñana National Park
§Andalusia, right bank of Guadalquivir & its delta on the Atlantic
§Lagoons, marshlands, dunes, scrub woodland & maquis
§Threatened bird species, wintering – 500,000 water fowl
http://www.spain-holiday.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/donana_web_036917ce.jpg
http://tripandtravelblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Do%C3%B1ana-National-Park.jpg
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/coto-de-doana-5c6799ad-c6c3-4986-b50d-752c26194ea5.
jpg http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/tumblr_m8dndkrnnh1rsftq9o1_1280.jpg

Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada
§Alhambra & Albaycín – medieval part of Granada (on two neighbouring hills above modern town)
§Generalife – palace & gardens (former residence of emirs)
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cb/Alhambra_Granada_desde_Albaicin.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Roofs_Albayzin_Granada_Spain.jpg
http://www.canvas-of-light.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/20130502-CoLP-0516-Edit-small.jpg
http://www.viajegranada.com/userfiles/viajegranada.com/imgs/viajes_generalife.jpg

Renaissance Monumental Ensembles of
Úbeda and Baeza
§Urban shape dates back to Moorish 9 century & to Reconquest in 13 century
§16 century – Renaissance renovation
http://dickschmitt.com/travels/spain/Jaen_province/Ubeda/images/2008_10_19_Spain_Ubeda-272_fountain
_plaza_Vasquez_de_molina%2010-19-2008%204-44-15%20PM.jpg
http://www.spainisculture.com/export/sites/cultura/multimedia/galerias/monumentos/hospital_santiago
_ubeda_t2300293.jpg_1306973099.jpg
http://artificis.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Hospital_de_Santiago.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Baeza_03.jpg
http://dickschmitt.com/travels/spain/Jaen_province/Baeza/images/2008_10_20_spain_baeza_palacio_de_j
abalquinto-6.jpg
Úbeda
Baeza
http://dickschmitt.com/travels/spain/Jaen_province/Baeza/large_images/Baeza.jpg

Palmeral of Elche
§Orchards of date palms with elaborate ancient irrigation systems, laid in 10 century
§Palmeral (palm groves) – Arab agricultural practices (North Africa) → on European continent
Arcoiris en el Palmeral de Elche.jpg
http://www.spainisculture.com/export/sites/cultura/multimedia/galerias/destinos/palmera_elche_t0300
337.jpg_1306973099.jpg
http://www.spaincenter.org/turismo-spain/comunidad-valenciana/alicante/fotos/elche-011.jpg
http://elchesemueve.com/images/patrimonios/palmera-imperial-elche.jpg

Ibiza, Biodiversity and Culture
§Fortified Upper Town (Alta Vila) – Renaissance military architecture
§Archaeological sites at Sa Caleta (settlement) & Puig des Molins (necropolis)
http://www.puntadive.com/wp-content/uploads/tortuga.jpg
http://www.alexinwanderland.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/IMG_0160_1.jpg
http://balearsculturaltour.net/imagenes/ruta/itinerario/sa-caleta-tolo.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/ForbysIbizaTown_02.jpg
http://www.carhirex.com/sites/carhirex.com/files/content/ibiza_car_hire_3_0.jpg
http://lh4.ggpht.com/_xDR1pd9Mcak/TKfT5UUTx0I/AAAAAAAAFH0/l2si2luaayo/s576/PA020290.JPG
http://www.ibiza5sentidos.es/wp-content/gallery/necropolis-puig-des-molins/necropolispuigmolins1.jp
g

Cultural Landscape of the Serra de Tramuntana
§Mountain range on north-western coast of Majorca
§Transformed by millennia of agricultural activities
http://www.blogcdn.com/news.travel.aol.com/media/2011/06/flickrserradetramuntana.jpg
http://tabippo.net/wp-content/uploads/5108940488_aa0abce425_z.jpg
http://www.familyholiday.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Living-in-a-Paradise-The-Serra-de-Tramuntan
a-of-Mallorca-UNESCO-World-Heritage_03.jpg
http://passportto.iberostar.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/ESP_La-Serra-de-Tramuntana.jpg

San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canary islands)
§Original unplanned Upper Town
§Lower Town – first ideal city-territory according to philosophical principles
§Large number of churches & convents
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/La_Laguna_BW_10.JPG/800px-La_Laguna_BW_10
.JPG La Laguna BW 1.JPG http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/328404.jpg
http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/468681.jpg
http://www.gipweb.es/provincia-santacruzdetenerife/localidades-santacruzdetenerife/archivos_provinc
ias/sancristobaldelalaguna.jpg

Teide National Park (tenerife)
§Mount Teide stratovolcano (highest Spanish peak – 3,718 metres)
§Rises 7,500 m above the ocean floor
§Spectacular environment
§‘Sea of clouds’ forms its impressive background
§
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/TeideNevado.jpg
http://www.htmlhelp.com/%7Eliam/Tenerife/Teide/Roque-Cinchado1.jpg
https://flywithstan.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/img_4745.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Eidechsen_Teide.jpg/1024px-Eidechsen_Teid
e.jpg

Garajonay National Park
§Island of La Gomera (Canary Islands archipelago)
§Approximately 70 per cent covered by laurel forest
n(vegetation from Tertiary period that disappeared from mainland Europe)
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/317192_bc291b1f1fc9dc0700b029e262368e63_large.jpg
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/garajonay_national_park_forest_la_gomera.png
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/slideGarajonay8.jpg
http://www.eyeonspain.com/userfiles/image/mac75/32919316.jpg

Thank you for attention