Unit 10
The main markets for plates are: construction (bridges, building columns), machinery (boilers, cranes, bulldozers, excavators, metal equipment, wagons…), energy markets (line pipe, windmill, offshore) and shipbuilding.
Construction
The main usage of plates in the construction market is to build bridges. The strength of steel enables large areas to be spanned without the need for intrusive columns. Bridge forms include “I” girders, trapezoidal boxes or truss designs, which can be found in short to long spans. Weathering steel grades are popular due to lower painting costs.
Plates are also used in building construction for base plates, heavy support members and splice plates.
Safety floor plates are used in stairways and loading docks while water storage tanks represent another segment of the construction market that uses plates, primarily carbon grades.
Exercise 1:
Please select technical terms from the text below and translate them:
The main markets for plates are: construction (bridges, building
columns), machinery (boilers, cranes, bulldozers, excavators, metal
equipment, wagons…), energy markets (line pipe, windmill, offshore) and
shipbuilding.
Construction
The main usage of plates in the construction market is to build bridges.
The strength of steel enables large areas to be spanned without the
need for intrusive columns. Bridge forms include “I” girders,
trapezoidal boxes or truss designs, which can be found in short to long
spans. Weathering steel grades are popular due to lower painting costs.
Plates are also used in building construction for base plates, heavy support members and splice plates.
Safety floor plates are used in stairways and loading docks while water
storage tanks represent another segment of the construction market that
uses plates, primarily carbon grades.
Answer Key: Exercise 1
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The machinery market covers a variety of plate applications including construction and earthmoving equipment, cranes and molds, tools and dies. The steel used must be weldable and formable to allow for a variety of fabrication demands and generally higher strength level grades are used. Because of the tight tolerances needed to assembly some machinery, laser cutting is used.
In rail transportation, plates are used to construct structural portions of rail cars that support or contain cargo. Car types include tank cars for carrying liquid cargo and hopper cars for hauling grain or other solid materials. Coal cars often use weathering steel grades containing copper for corrosion resistance. Stainless grades are used to construct rail cars for hauling coal and other corrosive materials and carbon grades are used in structural parts of locomotives.
Exercise 2:
Please translate the following text into Czech:
The machinery
market covers a variety of plate applications including construction and
earthmoving equipment, cranes and molds, tools and dies. The steel used
must be weldable and formable to allow for a variety of fabrication
demands and generally higher strength level grades are used. Because of
the tight tolerances needed to assembly some machinery, laser cutting is
used.
Answer Key: Exercise 2
Exercise 3:
Rail cars -
Tank cars -
Hopper cars -
Hauling -
Coal cars -
Stainless -
The oil and gas market uses plates to build exploration, drilling, transmission and refining equipment for the collection, processing and distribution of petroleum-based products and natural gas. Special applications include offshore platforms and pressure vessels in oil refineries.
The pipe and tube market uses discrete and coiled plate steel. Manufacturers form plates into pipes and tubing. Pipes are used to transport petroleum products, natural gas or water. Specifications for these applications vary by use and geographic location. API (American Petroleum Institute) specifications form the basis of most petroleum-based applications.
Exercise 4:
Exercise 5:
Please translate the following text into Czech:
Various parts of
electricity generation and distribution equipment are built from plate
steel. Electric utilities, nuclear or fossil-fuel based, use plate steel
to form pressure vessels that contain steam needed for power
generation. Hydroelectric applications use plate steel to construct
turbines, penstocks and other related equipment. Transmission towers
carrying high voltage lines and utility poles often are constructed from
weathering steel grades. Utility poles are also often painted and made
from galvanized plate steel.
Answer Key: Exercise 5
The shipbuilding market consumes significant amounts of steel plates. Shipyards use plate steel for production of bulk carriers, barges and container and cruise ships. In the United States, most steel made for ship construction is specified by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
U.S. Navy ships use significant amounts of alloy armor plate steels in surface and submarine applications.
Exercise 6:
Translate the following text into Czech:
Shipbuilding
The shipbuilding market consumes significant amounts of steel plates.
Shipyards use plate steel for production of bulk carriers, barges and
container and cruise ships. In the United States, most steel made for
ship construction is specified by the American Bureau of Shipping (ABS).
U.S. Navy ships use significant amounts of alloy armor plate steels in surface and submarine applications.
Answer Key: Exercise 6
But there are also specialty markets, where we can find: wear resistant plates, armor plates, cryogenic plates, molds, tools plates, or clad plates.
The US military uses carbon steel and military alloys for Army and Navy applications. Plate steel is produced to their specifications. Military alloy armor grades for Army and Navy applications are quenched, tempered and tested to very stringent requirements. These plates are used in armored tanks, personnel vehicles, submarines, aircraft carriers and cruisers.
Mining, quarrying and lumbering applications use a variety of plate steels. Mining equipment includes power shovels and dragline buckets for above ground use and underground equipment, such as that used in long wall mining. Quarries use plate steel for digging apparatus and in chutes for conveying aggregate. Lumbering operations use plate steel in saws, shear blades and structural elements.
Exercise 7:
Use Internet for the following tasks:
1. Find a steel mill in the Czech Republic producing plates and see what they offer. (Make sure you check both the Czech and the English language versions)
2. How did they translate the following:
Plates, sections, sheet piles, offshore structures, armour plates,
plates of tool steels, plates of non alloy and alloy steel for quenching
and tempering, plates made of structural steel, pressure vessels, cold
forming
Answer Key: Exercise 7
1.:
http://www.evrazvitkovicesteel.com/
In Czech:
http://www.evrazvitkovicesteel.com/seznam-produktu/produkty/plechy-1/
In English:
http://www.evrazvitkovicesteel.com/en/seznam-produktu/produkty/plates-5/
2.:
Plates -
Sections -
Sheet piles -
Offshore structures -
Armour plates -
Plates of tool steels -
Plates of non alloy and alloy steel for quenching and tempering -
Plates made of structural steel -
Pressure vessels -
Cold forming -
Plate steel is not used extensively by the aircraft and aerospace market. However, the industry does require “aircraft quality” plate steels for specialized parts. Although very little plate steel becomes part of an aircraft, the machine tools, forming presses and other equipment used to fabricate aircraft parts are built from a variety of plate steels.
Plate steel is not used directly in automotive construction; however, it is used to fabricate heavy axles for trucks. Plate steel is used in presses to cold form automotive sections or in plastic injection molding equipment.
Exercise 8:
Harvester -
Plow -
Tiller - ( )
Forming press -
Axle - ( )
Exercise 4:
Energy markets
The oil and
market uses plates to build exploration,
, transmission and
equipment for the collection, processing and distribution of
-based products and natural gas. Special applications include
platforms and pressure
in oil refineries.
The pipe and
market uses discrete and coiled
steel. Manufacturers form plates into pipes and
.
are used to transport petroleum products, natural gas or
water. Specifications for these applications vary by use and geographic
location. API (
) specifications form the basis of most
-based applications.
Points to remember:
- But there are also specialty markets, where we can find: wear resistant plates, armor plates, cryogenic plates, molds, tools plates, or clad plates.
Glossary:
| English | Czech |
| Aircraft carrier | Letadlová loď |
| Armored plate | Pancéřový plech |
| Axle | Náprava kola |
| Clad plates | Plechy na opláštění |
| Cruiser | Křižník |
| Cryogenic plates | Kryogenni plechy (pro nízké teploty) |
| Dragline bucket | Korečkové rýpadlo |
| Harvester | Kombajn |
| Chute | Násypný žlab |
| Long wall | Porubní stěna |
| Penstock | Koryto stavidla |
| Power shovel | Lžícový bagr |
| Quarry | Kamenolom |
| Quenching | Kalení |
| Stringent | Přísný |
| Tiller | Kypřič |
| Wear resistant plates | Plechy odolné proti opotřebení |
Gallery:
Floor Plate
|
Transmission Tower
|
Line Pipes
|
Penstock
|
Tiller
|
Armored Plate
|
Bulk Carrier
|
Cruise Ship
|
Sources:
Applebaum, M, Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Steel. A Glossary of Terms and Concepts, Summer 1998, Solomon Smith Barney Inc., 2000
Coigne, P., Construction Market, ArcelorMittal Brussels, ArcelorMittal University - Understanding Steel, 2009
Werme, A, Understanding Steel: Plates, ArcelorMittal University - Understanding Steel, 2009
ASTM International, Standard Specification for Steel,
Sheet, Carbon, and High-Strength, Low-Alloy, Hot-Rolled and
Cold-Rolled, General Requirements for, Designation: A 568/A 568M-01,
2002
PC Translator. CD-ROM. Korytná:LangSoft & SOFTEX Software, 2007
http://www.evrazvitkovicesteel.com/
http://www.onesteel.com/
http://www.pdmsteel.com/index.html
http://www.steel.org/
http://www.steel-training.co.uk