ENGLISH FILE
Intermediate Plus Workbook with key
Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden
with Jane Hudson
OXFORD
Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden
with Jane Hudson
Intermediate Plus Workbook with key
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of English File 1 and English File 2
OXFORD
UNIVERSITY PRESS
4   Ä Why did they call you that?
7
True colours 10    PRACTICAL ENGLISH A bad start
11   « Pack and go!
14   B Opening up or closing down?
17        The generation gap
20   _  In the picture
23   PRACTICAL ENGLISH All kinds of problems
24 27
That's rubbish!
Degrees and careers
30   Ä What's on?
33   d The country in other countries
36   PRACTICAL ENGLISH Time to tell the police
43
Giving it away
46   B Going out and staying in
49   PRACTICAL ENGLISH Is it a clue?
iii^WBiliiiilH^
50 A Looking after yourself 53   B The rest is history
56 59
Can't remember, can't forget
Wedding dramas 62   PRACTICAL ENGLISH Finding Henry
63 66 69
78
A America and the world
Exam time
37   A Doit yourself
40   B At your service
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---------Li
I call everyone 'Darling' because I can't remember their names.
Zss Zsa Gabor, American actress
'AIM
HMHNH
1 READING & VOCABULARY
a Read the text once. What are the three main reasons the article gives for why people want to change their names?
b Read the text again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 More people change their names today than
in the past. _7L
2 Elton John changed his name because it
wasn't very masculine. _
3 Elle Macpherson changed her name because
it wasn't very fashionable. _
4 Some ordinary people change their names to
the name of a celebrity. _
5 The name 'Amy Winehouse' is more popular than the name 'Wayne Rooney'. _
6 Shaun McCormack is happy with his new name._
7 Not everybody changes their name in search
of fame. _
8 Wafah Dufour changed her name because
she separated from her husband. _
9 A deed poll is an official document that says
you have changed your name. _
10 British people have to pay a lot of money to
change their names. _
DON'T LIKE YOUR NAME?
THEN CHANGE IT!
These days, more and more people are changing Iheir names. Last year in the UK, around 58,000 people decided that they wanted a different one. So why do people make this choice, and how easy is it to do so?
Celebrities change their names because they need to create a new image for themselves. In the past, male actors needed to have a masculine name, which is why Marion Robert Morrison chose to call himself John Wayne. Singers look for a name that their fans will remember, which explains why Reginald Kenneth Dwight decided to become Elton John. In the world of fashion, Eleanor Nancy Gow did not become successful until she changed her name to something more stylish: Elle Macpherson.
However, it is not only the famous who seek to change their name. Today, ordinary people do it too, and some of them do it forfun . They often find inspiration in their favourite singers or sporting heroes. In the past few years, 30 men have changed their names to Michael Jackson, 15 more to Wayne Rooney, and five women have become Amy Winehouse. But you have to feel sorry for Liverpool fan Shaun McCormack who changed his name to Fernando Torres six months before the Spanish footballer moved to a different club.
Other people have more serious reasons for changing their names. In many cases, they want to have more privacy, so they choose a name that will not stand out;. John Smith is the most popular of these names, and recently, over 300 people have chosen it. Women who separate from their husbands often want to change their children's surnames to their own. Others want to escape the past or unwanted connection. After the events of 11 September 2001, US-born model Wafah Dufour took her mother's maiden name; because she did not want to be associated with her uncle. His name was Osama bin Laden.
So how do you goibciat! changing your name? In the UK, it is easy because no one is legally obliged to use the name on their birth certificate. However, if you want to change your name on your bank account or on official documents, you need [proof. The proof can be a letter from a responsible person, such as a doctor, a public announcement in a local newspaper, or an official document called a deed poll. Deed polls are available free of charge on the internet, although some people prefer to pay a solicitor to help them with the papers.
The fixation with changing one's name shows no sign of slowing down, and there will probably be more Wayne Rooneys by this time next year. But whichever celebrity is popular at the time, their name will never be a match for the latest group of John Smiths.
c  Match the highlighted words and expressions in the text to the definitions below:
1 change the general impression of yourself that you give to other people   create a new image
2 start trying to do something _
3 information that shows that something is true
4 try to do something _
5 be easily seen or noticed _
6 a lawyer who prepares legal documents
7 not seriously
8 the official document that states the date and place where you were born _
9 feel sadness or pity for someone _
10 a woman's family name before she gets married
2 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds
a Write the names in the chart.
Adele  Alex Bill  Chris  Emily  Eve  James Joe Kate  Leo  Mike  Paula  Ryan  Sam  Sean Sophie
1	2 met	3 ^	4 ... / ' ^ \ * i ll
		Adele	
			
			
51	6 §m	7 \	8 _^
			
			
			
b    cjjcfjMJIif Listen and check. Then listen again and repeat the names.
3 GRAMMAR pronouns
a Right (/) or wrong (A)? Correct the mistakes in the highlighted phrases.
1 My wife and 1 are having ababy girl. We're going to
call her Eloise. 0
2 I'd like you to meet my new boyfriend. Her name's Tom. W\
His name's Tom.
3 Do you know where my keys are? 1 can't find their. O
4 I'm staying at my sister's house when I'm in the UK.
I always stay with her. O
5 We aren't going to Emma and Ian's wedding. They haven't invited ours. O
6 Can I borrow your book, please? I can't find the mine:. O
7 We go everywhere by public transport. The bus stops
■right outside our house. O
8 I've got two nieces. Her names arc Sarah and Laura. Q
9 My car hasn't got any petrol. Let's take your. O
10 It's my dad's birthday tomorrow. I mustn't forget to call hirn. O
b  Order the words to make sentences.
l!!i!H!l!!Hli-Ui4f^^^
-r — —   I w w
liiHillllyiir^riii^
4 ««^    I  mi *
1 has / present / bought / His / him / a / girlfriend / surprise
His girlfriend has bought him a surprise present.
2 parents / us / names / gave / very / My / unusual
3 friend / tonight / me / is / A / dinner / cooking / for
4 is / weekend / the / going / us / apartment / Our / to / neighbour / lend / his / for
5 is / dress / making / Becky's / a / her / party / mum / for
6 to / sell / car / to / I'm / my / neighbour / old / going / a
7 lot / writes / letters / of / friends / My / a / to / dad / old / his
8 box / gave / a / of / the / chocolates / We / hosts
Complete the dialogues. Change the word order in the answer and use pronouns for the direct and indirect objects.
1 A Who cooks your grandfather his lunch? B  My aunt   cooks it for him.
2 A Who sent Sophie those flowers? B Her husband__.
3 A Who is reading the children the story? B Their grandmother_.
4 A Who lent your brother the money? B My parents_.
5 A Who found you your flat?
B A colleague_.
6 A Who brought you and your brothers and sisters
those presents? B  Our grandparents____.
7 A Who is going to buy your girlfriend a car? B  Her father_.
8 A Who showed you the email?
B  My best friend_.
4 LISTENING
a Match the logos with the company's description.
GIZMODO
manufacturer of construction vehicles
social networking site
design and technology blog
$jit        Listen to a radio programme where a guest is giving advice on how to name a company. Answer the questions with the company names in a.
Which company's name?
1 is the right length _
2 is a word you can't find in the dictionary _
3 has a story behind it_____
Listen again and complete the sentences. Use one word in each space.
1 Good company names often have_syllables.
2 To choose a name, you first have to_ideas.
3 Then you should wait for at least a_.
4 The best names are the names you_.
5 Another idea is to_______a new word.
6 You can also change the _ dictionary.
7 A caterpillar is a small_
_ of a word in the
8 Somebody thought that the new tractor______
like a caterpillar.
9 The name 'Caterpillar' shows that you can find_
anywhere.
Listen again with the audio script onp.69 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
full name   /'fol neim/
nickname /'nikneim/
be named after   /bi 'neimd ,oift3/
initials /Vnijlz/
brand name   /'braend neim/
common /'kvman/
old-fashioned   /,oild 'fajjbnd/
celebrity /sa'lebrati/
Mill lM.ll'1        II 1
farincranrp 'm»-l iiKf
■II
■
■
Man needs colour to live. It's just as necessary an element as fire or water.
Fernand Leger, French painter, sculptor, and film maker
■mm
1 VOCABULARY adjective suffixes
a Make adjectives from the nouns and verbs in the list, and complete the sentences.
ambition  boss cheer  create glamour possess  power  rely  self social
1 Jack is extremely   ambitious   . He'd like to be the company director.
2 My colleague is really_. She's always telling
me what to do.
3 Dave's girlfriend is very_. She doesn't let
him talk to other girls.
4 My sister is always_
the time.
5 Jane's husband is really. thinks of himself.
6 My best friend is very _ when 1 need her.
7 Mike is re ally_
people.
She looks happy all
__. He only ever
_. She's always there
. He enjoys being with other _. She looks like
8 My brother's wife is very_
an actress!
9 He's a very_businessman. He has a lot of
influence over other people.
10 Anna is really_. She's made some
wonderful sculptures.
b Complete the text with the adjective form of the words in brackets. In some cases, you may need to add a negative prefix (an-) as well as a suffix to the word.
In the past, very few people ate at the restaurant on the corner of my road because it was dark and 1   dirty   (dirt) inside. It was also very2
(noise) because the owner liked loud music. In the
end, it closed down because it was3_
(profit). Last year, the restaurant changed hands and
now it is 4_(recognize). The new owner has
painted the walls yellow, so it looks cleaner and
much more 5_(space). He has bought
new tables and chairs, which are more 6__
2 PRONUNCIATION word stress
a Underline the stress on the words. Then write them in the correct column in the table.
active  ad|dic|tive  aglgreslsive de|sir|able enlviious  in|ex|pen|sive  ir|re|spon|sible re|bel|li|ous senslible styllish  un|at|trac|tive un|suc|cess|ful
Stress on first syllable	Stress on second syllable	Stress on third syllable
active		
		
		
		
		
b    i}fl§tiR!|§}» Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the adjectives.
3 GRAMMAR adjectives
a  Right {/) or wrong (X)? Correct the incorrect phrases.
1 Blue eyes are less common than brown eyes. 0
2 I like thehatpurple best.    the purple hat best [xl
3 Your glasses are more stylish that mine;. O
4 She bouglu two diffcrcnts jackets in the sale. O
5 Silver isn't as expensive than: gold. O
6 My best friend is the more reliable person I know.
7 Your hair is more dark than.mine. EH
8 My aunt wears clothes very colourful. O
9 These are the most comfortable jeans I've ever bought. O 10 Yellowis poptilarer than red this season.
□
(comfort) than the old ones, and he has also changed
the menu. The old menu was full of7_
(health) fast food like burgers and chips, but now
they serve8__(impress) three-course
meals. We often go there for Sunday lunch, because the food is quite9__(afford).
jjjSjj
b   Complete the dialogue with one or ones where neccessary.
1 A Which is your coat? B The red one
2 A Which biscuits shall I get?
B The chocolate_. They are my favourite.
3 A Shall I use brown or white bread for the
sandwiches? B Brown___. There isn't any white left.
4 A Where's your car?
B  Over there. It's the green_.
5 A Do you prefer Chinese or Indian food? B Indian______. I love really spicy food.
6 A Which earrings do you like best?
B The gold_. They look great.
c  Complete the sentences with the correct comparative or superlative form of the adjectives. In some cases, more than one answer may be possible.
1 Michelle is the   quietest   person in our office, (quiet)
2 I was_than my husband by our
daughter's new haircut, (shocked)
3 My friend's new boyfriend is the _ I know, (stupid)
4 The person who is_
. person
. about the birth is the
baby's grandmother, (thrilled)
5 My sister is______than me. (clever)
6 I'm____________in class this year than I was last
year, (bored)
7 I've never been_
. than when I bought my
first flat, (stressed)
d Complete the sentences with much or a bit + the comparative form of an adjective from the list.
assertive good  polite  short spacious
1 His girlfriend is   much more assertive   than he is. She really says what she thinks.
2 I'm_than my brother. He's 1.82m and
I'm 1.80m. 3 My children are _
.than my sister's.
Hers never even say 'please' or 'thank you'.
4 I'm feeling_than yesterday, but I don't
think I'll be able to go back to work till next week at the earliest.
5 My new flat is___than the old one. It's
80m2, and the old one was 70m2.
4 READING
a  Read the text and complete it with the missing headings.
A WHAT RESULTS CAN YOU EXPECT? B WHO CAN BENEFIT FROM IT? c 98 THERE ANY EVSDENCE THAT IT WORKS?
E WHERE mm IT QRIQINATt?
b Read the text again and choose a, b, or c.
1 Experts think that colour therapy...
a   is good for patients' minds and bodies.
b   helps people who are under a lot of pressure.
c   should only be done in one way.
2 According to Ingrid Collins, colour therapy can make people feel...
a hungrier, b  less moody, c   more active.
3 Dr Max Luscher used colour therapy to treat his patients'...
a   medical problems.
b  psychological problems.
c   family problems.
4 June McLeod thinks that colour therapy... a   should only be used by certain people, b   can be used by people of all ages.
c   shouldn't be used by very ill people,
5 In general, colour therapy makes people feel... a   more assertive.
b   less aggressive, c  more ambitious.
c  Match the highlighted: words in the text to the definitions below.
1 small electric lamps that you hold in your hand torches
2 showed__
3 working at the same time or speed _
4 a meeting with somebody to get advice__
5 sad, depressed____
6 helps something to develop _
7 ill people _
8 something that is done to make somebody look good or feel better _
9 the smallest units of living matter that can exist on their own _
10 long rolls of a kind of paper with writing on them
OUR
HE
Colour therapists believe that the seven colours of the rainbow relate to the body's seven main energy centres. So, if you're feeling blue, a multi-coloured treatment could be just what you need.
1 D
According to the experts, the different colours in the spectrum affect the body's inner vibrations. If your vibrations are not synchronized, colour therapy can help to restore the balance. This will improve your mood and your physical health. There are different types of colour therapy. Many therapists shine coloured lights on the body, and some give their patients coloured silks to wear. Others use different coloured liquids in bottles, or small torches to shine coloured light at the relevant pressure points on the body.
Several studies have been done on the effects of colour. In 1958, an American scientist called Robert Gerard did some research which showed that the colour red can make us feel anxious, while the colour blue promotes calm. The results also revealed that colour can affect appetite, blood pressure, and aggression. Consultant psychologist Ingrid Collins believes that colour therapy can affect our energy levels. The atoms in all the cells of the human body consist of particles of energy that are always moving. When colour is applied to the body, the cells receive more energy.
Papyr.Js scrolls dating back to 1550BC suggest that the ancient Egyptians used colour to treat the sick. Colour therapy also appears in Ancient Chinese texts. The treatment became more common during the 20th century, when Swiss psychologist Dr Max Luscher developed the Luscher-Colour-Diagnostic test. During the test, a person is asked to rank eight colours in order of preference. The results are said to show your worries and their solutions.
According to therapist June McLeod, colour therapy is suitable for everyone, from the young to the old. She suggests that it can help people suffering from all sorts of problems, including stress, insomnia, and even serious illnesses.
After a session of colour therapy, people usually feel more positive and more in control of their lives. In addition to your strengths, it may also show you your weaknesses, so that you can do something about them. According to the experts, when people leave a consjllatfcn, they have a feeling of freshness and a sense of power that they have never experienced before.
5 LISTENING
a    CilJllitsJtfH? Listen to an interior designer giving advice on which colours to paint each of the rooms of a house. Which colours doesn't he mention?
beige  black  blue  brown  cream green grey  orange  pink  purple  red yellow
b Listen again and complete the notes.
DINING ROOM
Use browns, reds, and oranges-they stimulate the
1 appetite
Avoid 2_- it stops people feeling hungry.
KITCHEN
Use colours that match the3_---■
Mix strong colours with 4__ colours.
Avoid 5__and green.
LIVING ROOM
Consider the size and the6-•
Use warm colours to make the room look7---
UseB___to make the room more formal.
BEDROOM
Use9_
relaxing atmosphere.
Avoid red and 10_
and stimulating.
BATHROOM
Use light blue and n_ effect.
Avoid 12____
seem smaller.
_, green, or pink for a
_-too intense
_for a spa
-they make the room
c  Listen again with the tapescript on p.69 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
reveal /n'vhl/	bizarre /bi'za:/
analysis /a'naelasis/	a wide range
exchange /iks'tjemds/	h 'waid remd3/
rarely /'resli/	pleasant /'pleznt/
dye your hair	subtle /'sAtl/
/dai pi 'hea/	shade (of a colour) /Jeid/
^^J^.£:>r....._______________
1 REPORTING LOST LUGGAGE
Complete the dialogue between a passenger (P) and an attendant (A).
1 P* Hellotl'm afraid my luggage hasn't1 arrived yet,
;i^rJ^ghb.w.here-haveyou.corne from? :
.: P> From-Madrid. The-2f________ number is EZY3065.
AiHow m a ny bags a re miss i ng?
R :> J one - a rucksack.
h A Can you describe it for me? What size is it?
K'R,-/:Qft;.;it's-a bright blue 4 m___„________ s_rucksack.
eA: And what was in it?
k P;-Clothes, toiletries, all my personal 5b_.
■ A-;■ Can I have your lic      .-     number in the UK? WZdfe&iriy number is 001 303 298 836.
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
Complete the dialogues with the phrases in the box.
Allow me    isn't it    let me
miss you   That's awful   your day
sl: A- There was an accident on the road this morning so I ' was sitting in a queue for two hours. B... Oh no!   That's awful .
A Then 1 ran out of petrol just four miles before the service station.
B It's not__,isit?
:2?-A I'll put my bag in the boot.
B No, no,_ take that.
i<w A sl'm afraid its rather heavy.
:  v B You've carried it all the way here._.
3 A I can't believeyou're so far away. B Yes, I know. It's strange, ?
vA-V'-l really .......____.: .-
: B<Me,too.
3 READING
a  Read the text and answer the questions.
1 Which documents does a European national need to enter the UK?
2 Can the daughter of a European national come and live with him or her in the UK?
3 How long can you stay in the UK on a visitor visa?
4 Can a general visitor get married in the UK?
5 When can a student visitor stay in the UK for longer than six months?
Coming fc© the UK
i
j European nationals
I ....................• •............................................................
j As an EEA or Swiss national, you have the right of
| residence in the UK if:
j 8 you are working here, or
1 • you can support yourself and your family in the UK.
Entering the UK
| When you enter the UK, you must show your passport j or national identity card. You should use the separate j channel marked 'EEA/EU', where it is available.
| Your family
If you have the right to live in the UK, your family | may join you here. Your family is defined as: j     • your spouse (husband or wife) or civil partner; I     • any children or grandchildren of you, your spouse, I       or your civil partner who are dependent on you; and • the parents or grandparents of you, your spouse, or j       your civil partner.
i For more information, see Residence documents for
! '--------
j European citizens. i>™
| Non-European nationals
If you come to the UK as a visitor, you are normally allowed to stay here for a maximum of six months. If you want to j stay here for longer than six months, check in the Visas I section to see if you qualify for another type of visa.
Tourism and visiting friends
If you want to visit the UK as a tourist or to stay with ! friends in the UK, you should apply to come here as a i general visitor. There are restrictions on what you can I do in the UK in this category. For example, you cannot
I get married.
I
Visiting to study
If you want to study in the UK for up to six months
(or up to 11 months if you will be studying an English
language course), and you will not work while you
j are here, you can come here as a student visitor, j
j For further information on visas, go to our Visiting the i UK page.
1______________________________________________...................
b Look at the highlighted words and expressions. What do you think they mean? Check your ideas in your dictionary.
Holidays are about experiences and people, and tuning into what you feel like doing at the moment. Enjoy not having a watch.
Evelyn Glennie, British musician
1 VOCABULARY holidays
a  Complete the sentences.
1 I'll have to wear a T-shirt in bed because I've forgotten my pyjamas .
2 There are a lot of mosquitoes in our apartment. Let's buy some i_r_____________.
3 I can't plug in my charger. I didn't bring an a___.
4 1 need to transfer some photos to my computer. The m_c_is full.
5 Please shave before we go out. Did you remember
your r_
6 Put on some s_
.before we go to the beach.
You don't want to burn.
7 Do you prefer to wear a bikini or a sw_ the beach?
8 My hair is a mess. Can I borrow a b_
9 1 think you should put on some other shoes.
Fl___-fl_are fine for the pool, but
not for hiking.
10 If you need to borrow some toothpaste, there's some in my w_b_____.
b  Complete the sentences with the correct form of verb + - ing or on + noun. Use the words below.
a boat trip  camp  a cruise  hike  package holidays a safari  sail  sightsee  surf a tour
1 They went   on a boat trip   along the Seine while they were in Paris.
2 I need to buy some strong boots. I'm going _at the weekend.
3 My parents have got a boat, so they go _every summer.
4 Have you ever been_________around
the Mediterranean?
5 He kept on falling off the board when he went ......_______________yesterday.
6 I hate going_. I don't like tents.
7 Did you go_of the Coliseum
when you were in Rome?
8 We bought a guidebook so that we could go _on our own.
9 One day, I'd like to go__
to see lions in the wild.
10 I don't like going.
. I'd love
is much too organized.
Everything
c   Complete the postcard with the past simple form of a suitable verb.
T>ear Debbie
sorry (haven't called, when, i1 u.nm.ch.p.d. my fcng i realized that I'd forgotten my phone c-harger! we're having a great time here in Greece, we spent the. first three stays in Athens, where we Z£----atl the sights. The best day was, when, we
0,1---the hill to see the Aerofoils., it was amazing!
While we were inthe capital, we went to a spa and I 4h___
a massage. I loved It! Now we're here insantorini, and it's.
beautiful, On our first day, we 5d____a diving
course, which was exhausting, in the evening, we were so tired
that we just sett in a cafe" and 6 w__the subset.
yesterday, we 7s_onthe beach all day and we
9----very sunburnt. My back really hurts!
see you when we get back on Friday, Love
Anna § Thokvtfls
2 PRONUNCIATION /s/and/z/
a (Circle) the word with a different sound.
1 ^			4	5 g^'
flip-flops	clothes	cruise	razors	books
(shoep	pyjamas	massage	phones	bottles
socks	shorts	passport	liquids	laptops
sights	towels	sunset	belts	jackets
b    ^IjPfl^ifs! Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
3 GRAMMAR present tenses
a (Cij^de)fhe correct form.
1 Be quiet! I try j(^mTrym^to read.
2 Ben uses j is using sunscreen all year round, not just in the summer.
3 His wife always packs j packs always his suitcase for him.
4 Pay attention! You don't listen j aren't listening to me.
5 Elizabeth doesn't usually wear j don't usually wear make-up on the beach.
6 My boyfriend never is j is never in a hurry.
7 Sam and Richard go j are going hiking every weekend.
8 Who your girlfriend is talking to j is your girlfriend talking to?
9 My brother speaks j is speaking good French because he has lived in France.
10 You go j Do you go to the same place on holiday every year?
b Complete the dialogue with the present simple or present continuous form of the verbs in brackets.
A What1  are   you   doing   next weekend? fdo)
B 12___to a concert, (go)
A Where? B In Glasgow.
A That's a long way to go for a concert! How 3____you_there? (get)
. on Friday morning, (fly) My flight
B 14___
5_....._at 14.25. (leave)
A What time6___the plane___
in Glasgow? (arrive) B We7_at 15.15 and then my sister
8_. (land / pick me up)
A When is the concert?
B On Friday evening. It9______at 8.30. (start)
We 10_ we 11
. some friends at 7 o'clock because . to be late, (meet / not want)
A Well, I hope you have a great time. B Thanks. 112_really_
. to it!
(look forward)
c  Complete the sentences with the present simple or present continuous form of a verb from the list.
not agree     belong     depend     have     not matter recognize     not see     taste     think     not want
1 We might go camping, but it   depends   on the weather.
2 I__that man. I've seen him before.
3 Josh isn't sure about the summer. He_
about doing voluntary work.
4 Whose bag is this?___to you?
5 1___to buy anything. I'm just looking.
6 Can you call back later? We___dinner.
7 That isn't right. I____with you at all.
8 I_why we have to get up early. We're
on holiday!
9 This soup_
eat it.
_horrible. I'm not going to
10 She needs a holiday. It___where.
4 READING
a  Read the text quickly and answer the questions.
1 What was Paul Smith's destination?
2 Did he manage to get there?
b Read the text again and choose the correct answers.
1 Paul Smith is known as 'The Twitchhiker' because... a   he tweeted about his hitchhiking adventures when
he got back.
b  he has accepted help from Twitter users to travel, c   he always tweets when he goes hikng in the country.
2 Paul thought up his plan while...
a   he was walking around the supermarket, b   he was paying for his shopping, c   he was driving home to his wife.
3 Thousands of Twitter users knew about Paul's plan because...
a   he sent a message to everyone he knew.
b   he gave an interview to a national newspaper.
c   he had the support of a famous person.
4 Paul completed the first part of his journey... a   by sea.
b  by rail, c byroad.
5 After Paul had been travelling for a week, he was... a   in Europe.
b   in the USA.
c   in New Zealand.
6 When he reached the end of his trip, Paul felt...
a   disappointed that he couldn't get to Campbell Island, b  worried about how he was going to get home, c   grateful to the people who had helped him.
c  Look at the highlighted words and phrases and try to work out their meaning. Then check the meaning and pronunciation in your dictionary.
i LISTENING
jShhI 1 1 § I'l via
■■■HrirlrTCnf
C"i i I'l.U   Listen to five speakers talking about their experiences at airport security. Match Speakers 1-5 with photos A—E.
No matter what you think of Twitter, you have to admit that connecting over 200 million people worldwide is a pretty big achievement One of the site's greatest fans is ex-radio DJ Paul Smith, also known as The Twitchhiker'. Thanks to Twitter, Paul succeeded in going on a 30-day freejou   _,. 3k him half-way around the world. He didn't actually
hitchhike as such, but he did rely on the kindness of other people to get him there.
The idea came to him in his local supermarket in Gateshead, northern England. The crowded store and inconsiderate customers made him wish he was in another country. By the time he reached the checkout, he had made a plan. He would use Twitter to help him travel to the point in the world that was furthest from his own home: a remote place called Campbell Island to the south of New Zealand. But first he had to convince Jane, his wife of only four days, to let him go.
Oncejane agreed (as he knew she would) Paul announced his plan online, Twitter users sent messages to British actor and journalist Stephen Fry, an enthusiastic supporter of the site, to tell him about Paul's journey. He in turn asked his tens of thousands of followers to help Paul on his travels, Five days later, Paul was ready to go He tweeted his first message and waited for a response, It came from a local Twitter user called Leanne, who offered him an overnight ferry trip to Amsterdam. He was off!
After Amsterdam, two Parisian Twitter users paid for Paul to travel by rail to Paris, While he was there, a middle-aged German businesswoman sent him a high-speed train ticket from Paris to Saarbrücken and then drove him to Frankfurt. Shortly after that, a company director bought Paui a one-way flight from Frankfurt to New York. Within five days of leaving home, Paul had crossed the Atlantic! From New York, he was offered various lifts and bus rides - and even a flight on one occasion -until he reached Los Angeles, There, he received a message from a New Zealand airline offering to fly him to the capital. During his final week, he travelled the length of the country by plane, ferry, car, and camper van, before arriving at Stewart Island, just off the south coast, All he had to do now was to find the captain of a boat that would take him on the final leg1 of his journey-a six-day trip to Campbell Island, 900 km to the south.
But this was where Paul's iuck ran out, Or did it? Paul never actually made it to Campbell Island, because he didn't get a ride, But he did receive another message from the airline offering to fly him home, Paul was delighted to have travelled so far, and decided that it was time to go home. When he got home, 30 hours later, Jane was waiting for him with an enormous smite and a big hug Although Paul didn't actually reach his destination, he succeeded in travelling over 18,325 km around the world absolutely free. Eighteen months on, he is still in touch with the people who helped him on his journey; and through him, they have become friends with one another, Which just goes to show the power of Twitter.
j- *   ■ v-
b Listen again and match the speakers to the sentences.
|   | A I was very annoyed because I was going to
have it for dinner. |   | B As you can imagine, he wasn't at all amused. |   | C It's a good job I found it and not the security
scanner!
|   | D I was lucky to have found such a kind man. |   | E Honestly, I don't know what I'd do without her!
c  Listen again with the audio script onp.69 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn these words and phrases, item   /'a i tarn/
security screener   /si'kjuoroti 'skriina/
undisputed /Andi'spjuitid/
keen on   /'kiin ,nn/
upmarket (restaurants) /Ap'maikit/
eager /'iiga/
soak up   /,souk'Ap/
hotelier /hau'telis/
frugal /'fruigl/
at the bottom   /<Et da 'bntom/
If I won the lottery, I'd start a charity that helped little family hardware shops and fruit shops to open in city centres.
Alexei Sayle, British comedian
""Vat
1 VOCABULARY shops and services
a Read the clues. Complete the puzzle to find the hidden kind of shop. What does it sell?
L	A	U	N	D	E	R	E	T	T	E		
2												
		3										
												
			5									
6												
	7											
S												
	9											
10												
11												
												
1 A type of shop where you pay to wash and dry your clothes in machines is a launderette .
2 A very large shop outside a town that sells a variety of goods is a h_.
3 A shop that sells flowers is a fl_.
4 A shop that sells paper, pens, and pencils is a st_.
5 A shop that sells medicine and toiletries is a ch_.
6 The place where you go to look when you want to buy a house is an e____a______.
7 A shop that sells meat is a b..............__________ ______.
8 A shop that sells bread is a b_.
9 A shop that sells fish is a f_.
10 A shop that sells newspapers and magazines is a n_.
11 A shop where jewellery and watches are sold and repaired is a j_.
12 A shop that sells fruit and vegetables is a gr--.
b Join a word from A with a word from B to form places on the high street. Then complete the sentences.
A chain  craft DIY  dry  health food market off-travel
1 My cousin has a   market stall   selling leather bags in Covent Garden.
2 Can you pick up my suit from
the_, please?
3 Tanya went to the_to buy
some vitamins.
4 Did you book your flights online or at the_____________?
5 We bought a beautiful hand-made wooden bowl at the_.
6 Zara is a_that you find in
many shopping centres all over the world.
7 They stopped at the_to buy a
bottle of wine for dinner.
8 Our local_____............_.........has a very good
selection of gardening and carpentry tools.
c  Rewrite the sentences, replacing the bold words with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the list.
be out of closedown look for look round open up try on
1
2
3
4
5
6
I didn't buy any black trousers because they didn't have my size in stock. I didn't buy any black trousers because they
were out of   my size. I've walked round to see what there is, but I haven't seen anything I want to buy.
I_but I haven't seen anything
I want.
A lot of new phone shops are starting to do business in the city centre.
A lot of new phone shops___in
the city centre.
Excuse me, where can I put on these jeans to see if they fit?
Excuse me, where can I_
these jeans?
The restaurant stopped trading after the health inspector's visit.
The restaurant_____............._____after the
health inspector's visit.
Hannah was trying to find a bikini, but she ended up with a swimsuit.
Hannah_a bikini, but she
ended up with a swimsuit.
B  agent's  cleaner's  fair  licence  statt  store (x3)
14
2 READING
a  Read the text and complete it with the missing headings. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.
A Customer service D Online shopping
B The building E The shopping experience
C Prices F The locarion
b Read the text again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 Daunt's is making a profit despite competition from the internet. _T_
2 The Marylebone High Street branch is the newest store in the chain. _
3 The building was originally built to be a bookshop. _
4 Daunt's in Marylebone has been completely renovated. _
5 There are only two floors in the store. _
6 In the beginning, Daunt's only sold books about travel. _
7 Books by French authors will be found in the same section as travel books on France. _
8 People of all ages are welcome in the store. _
9 Daunt's places a lot of importance on customer service. _
10 Customers can buy books cheaper on the
website. _
Look at the highlighted words and phrases and try to work out their meaning. Then check the meaning and pronunciation in your dictionary.
LONDON'S FINEST BOOKSHOP
Book stores have suffered a lot on the high street recently, due to the massive growth of online book sellers, such as Amazon. One of the few book stores to survive and, indeed, prosper over the last decade is Daunt Books in London, more commonly known as Daunt's. Read on to find out the secrets of its success.
1 F
There are six stores in the chain, but the original and most famous of them is the main store in Marylebone High Street. Marylebone is an alHwai* area of inner-city London which is very popular with shoppers. Daunt's \s a favourite because of its reputation as 'the most beautiful bookshop in London'.
The shop itself is housed in an old arrdquei bookshop, which was built for the purpose in 1912, The shop front is full of character because of its large, historic windows. Inside the store itself Daunt's maintains its original appearance. The walls are lined with wooden bookshelves, which extend right to the back of the long, narrow shop. There is a second level upstairs reached by a wooden staircase, and another staircase leads downstairs to the basement. The shop has a stained-glass window and a number of beautiful skylights in the ceiling which bathe both books and customers in natural light.
Daunt's started life over 20 years ago when the shop was purchased by former banker James Daunt. At first, the store specialized in travel writing and the books were arranged by country. Later, the owner decided to expand without changing the organization of the store. Today you can still find travel guides and maps of Moscow in the section dedicated to Russia, but you can also find novels and poetry by Russian authors there, too. There are also sections dedicated to more unusual places, such as Ethiopia, Tibet, and the polar regions. At the front of the shop, there is a fantastic selection of newly published fiction and non-fiction, and a superb children's section full of weird and wonderful picture books.
4 . ■
The staff at Daunt's have a reputation for being friendly, helpful, and knowl§dg«alfk*, which makes it difficult for booklovers to stay away. Each customer is greeted when ^tjjJBKiPflf^l?; they enter the shop because they have to walk past the service desk. The assistants allow visitors to take their time looking round, yet they are always on hand to give advice when necessary.
Unlike its competitors, Daunt's hasn't invested heavily in technology, because it hasn't needed to. Its website is basic, but charming. It contains a virtual tour of the Marylebone store, which is well worth exploring, and there are also reading lists and 'books of the week'. Daunt's competes on specialism and quality of selection rather than price, offering customers a breath of fresh air when they are looking for a particular book.
3 GRAMMAR possessives
a Reorder the words to make sentences.
1 boyfriend's / with / doesn't / her / on / Beth / get / parents Beth doesn't get on with her boyfriend's varents .
2 saw / car / James's / yesterday / new / We
3 a / at / barbecue / Saturday / John's / There's / on
4 is / of / very / mine / good / a / Karen / friend
5 a / a / of / beautiful / That's / painting / sunset
b (£Jirclg)the correct answer. Tick (/) if both are correct.
1 This istfDebbie's bqojp/ the Debbie's book.
2 That girl is James' new girlfriend j James's new girlfriend. ■/
3 The boy's bikes j The boys' bikes need cleaning before they put them away.
4 The house's door j The door of the house is locked.
5 One day, we'd like to have ours own shop / our own shop.
6 1 thought Alice was a friend of you j a friend of yours.
7 Where's my old shirt / that old shirt of mine?
c  Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets with's or of.
1 Charlotte is wearing    her mother's earrings (earrings / her mother)
2 We climbed to   the top of the mountain (top / the mountain)
3 It's__next week.
(wedding anniversary / my parents)
4 _has broken down.
(car / Linda and Dave)
5 He'sneverbeenin_before.
(office / his boss) 6 Can you see the _
' (lid / my pen)
4 PRONUNCIATION 's; linking
a Right or wrong? Tick (/) if the pronunciation of's is right and cross (X) if it is wrong.
1 Ella's phone	/z/	
2 my friend's daughter	/s/	
3 their aunt's house	/s/	
4 Louise's flat	ItJ	
5 my boss's desk	kl	
6 Rory's laptop	Izl	_
7 my niece's wedding	taJ	
8 Mike's girlfriend	lizl	
9 Beth's children	kl	
10 my nephew's car	hzl	_
b    iilfin-oikj'' Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the phrases.
5 LISTENING
a    ijtiliu^lDs5 Listen to a representative from a British newspaper giving a talk about a new campaign. What is the main aim of the campaign?
A To promote a new kind of store.
B To choose the most successful high street.
C To make residents want to shop in their high street.
b Listen again and answer the questions.
1 How many high streets are there in the UK today? About_.
2 How often do British people use the high street? They__use it.
3 What is the name of the new campaign?
It's called_the_
4 Who do the campaigners hope will be able to use the high street in the future?
They hope their_________
will be able to use it.
5 Apart from politicians, who will be involved in the
discussions?
.and.
. will be involved.
6 Which kind of store is new on the high street?
The_-and-_store is new.
7 What kind of people will be interviewed during the
campaign r
. will be interviewed.
8 Which title will the best high street receive?
It will be called.___________of
the_.
9 According to the speaker, who has conflicting opinions about the high street?
The_have conflicting opinions.
c  Listen again with the tapescript on p. 70 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
high street   /'hai striit/	personalized
struggle (verb)	/'paisanslaizd/
/'strAgl/.	pottery /"prjtari/
crafts /kraifts/	(photo) frame /f'reim/
set up a business	workshop /'waikfrjp/
/set Ap a 'biznas/	hand-painted
wooden /'wudn/	/haend 'pemtid/
A diplomat is a man who always remembers a woman's birthday, but never remembers her age.
Robert Frost, American poet
1 GRAMMAR past simple, past continuous, or used to?
a  Correct the mistakes in the higlighted; phrases.
1 I didn't went out much when I was a teenager.
/ didn't go out_
2 We taked my parents out for dinner last night.
8 We_
_ in the high street, but then they
3 My brother used to had a beard, but now he's shaved it off. :"
4 We were sit in the garden when my grandparents arrived. _
5 Where you stayed when you went to Greece?
6 I didn't used to cat many vegetables when I was a child.
7 What was you doing when I saw you in town yesterday? _______________
8 I gave up trying to explain when I realized that youdidii'l listening.____
9 You use to play in the street when you were young?
10 My girlfriend stoped-eating meat when she was a student. _
b  Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs. Use the past simple, past continuous, or used to. Sometimes more than one answer may be possible.
1 My parents    didn't own    a car until they
got married   . (not own, get married)
2 I_late this morning, so I______
time for breakfast, (wake up, not have)
3 When our guest arrived, I_to the
children and my husband_the dinner.
(read, finish)
4 Emily_glasses until she__
working at the computer all day. (not need, start)
5 Ben_the doorbell because he
_to music with his headphones on.
(not hear, listen)
6 Luckily, they___________............. very fast when they
___the lamppost, (not drive, hit)
7 I_in Germany for a year when I
_a student, (live, be)
_a new hypermarket near our house.
(go shopping, build)
9 My son_his boarding pass while we
_at the airport for our flight, (lose, wait)
10 We always_our holidays in the same
village when we_children, (spend, be)
c   Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs. Use the past simple, past continuous, or used to. Sometimes more than one answer may be possible.
p.
-t -■ -. +. . ■
.. + .
-.1.,- =
* M IV!
:.f ..iau a tnow.r. We '■____(see)
** her every Sunday afternoon when I was little. One day,
my Granny 3____(look after) me because my
parents4_:_____(visit) a friend in hospital.
In the morning, 15______(play) in the garden,
while my gran 6____(cook) lunch. She
7_____(call) me when the meal was ready.
Unfortunately, while 18_______(run) into the
kitchen 19_____(catch) my little finger in the
door and pulled off the nail. It10____(hurt)
a lot, but I was more upset because 111___:
(not think) the nail would grow again. However, my
gran patiently12____(explain) that I would
soon have a new fingernail. After that, 113____;
(look forward to) seeing her every Sunday, so that I
14_____(can) show her how my nail
15____(progress).
2 PRONUNCIATION -ed endings
4 READING
a Write the past simple forms of these regular verbs in the chart according to the pronunciation of the -ed ending.
ask  change  decide  end  hate  hope  live miss play  start  study  travel  want  wash watch
	2 '•^j^	3 /id/
asked		
b    fffcliUt!%t   Listen and check. Then listen again and repeat the past simple forms.
3 VOCABULARY stages of life
Complete the sentences with the singular or plural form of a word or phrase for a stage of life.
1 Their baby is only two weeks old, so he spends most of his time sleeping.
2 T_usually take more notice of their friends
than they do of their parents.
3 I'm sure Jim isn't 40 yet, but he's definitely
i_______h_1_th__
4 One of the most important events for a
p _-_is starting secondary school.
5 Jake's dad is i_h_m_
s_, so he'll probably retire soon.
6 T_are exhausting when they've just learned
to walk.
7 Laura is in her third year of university, so she must be i__h_e_
tw_.
8 My mum is now officially a p_. She was
65 last Friday.
9 My boyfriend says that he wants to have lots of ch_, but I'm not so sure.
a  Read the article once and choose the best title.
A How to cope with a teenage daughter
B Mums and teenage girls: a love-hate relationship
C Why women eventually turn into their mothers
b Read the text again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 Teenage girls often get angry because of their hormones. T_
2 They argue most with their fathers. _
3 The most common cause of arguments between a teenage girl and her mother is the way the girl treats her brothers and sisters. _
4 Mothers and daughters have more arguments about going out at night than about having relationships.
5 They usually don't stop arguing until the daughter is in their late twenties.
6 Less than half of the women said that they discussed their problems with their mothers
when they were teenagers. _
7 75% of the women in the study think that their mothers did a good job. _
8 The ideal age for the mother of a 19-year-old girl is 40.
9 Nearly all of the women think that daughters should tell their mothers everything,
10 In general, mothers can give essential advice
to teenage girls. _
c  Match the high lighted words and expressions in the text to the definitions.
1 brothers or sisters _
2 noisy arguments _
3 in the end _
4 argue and stop being friends with somebody
5 replying rudely to somebody _
6 a sudden explosion of anger
7 words that are considered offensive by most people
8 looked after and taught how to behave
9 near each other emotionally _
10 in spite of_
11 of very great value _
12 conversations in which you say exactly what you feel
18
^1
5 LISTENING
If you are part of a family with a teenage girl, you are no doubt aware of the chaos that their hormones can cause. A recent study has shown that, on average, teenage girls fail out with their brothers and sisters 257 times each year. The rows are not only reserved for siblings, however, as they also have 157 arguments with their fathers. But the person who is most frequently on the receiving end of a tantrum is their mother. The results of the study showed that a typical teenage girl has 183 row's- with her mother each year.
According to the study, the third most common cause of rows between mother and daughter is the relationship the girl has with the rest of the family. Top of the list of causes is bedroom tidiness, followed by ahswerihg:ba£k. In fourth and fifth place come relationships with boys and staying out late. Other causes include appearance, attitude to school work, money, manners, and the use of bad language:. This testing period can go on for several years, but the good news is that, in most cases, it eventually; comes to an end.
It seems that women finally start to appreciate their mothers in their early twenties - by the age of 23, to be exact. But despite the frequent arguments, most mothers and daughters have moments when they are close, Four in ten of the women in the study said that they sometimes had heat%to-beatts with their mothers about things that were worrying them. They regard these conversations as crucial in helping them get through their difficult teenage years. At the same time, the study shows that three quarters of women are grateful to their mum for the way they were brought up, even if they didn't realize it at the time. And 67 per cent recognize that their mum made them the person they are today.
When the 2,000 women in the study were asked about the ideal age gap for the perfect mother-daughter relationship, they recommended a difference of around 25 years. Butfew of the women think it is necessary for daughters to discuss personal matters with their mothers. Only one in five feel that mums and their daughters should be best friends who tell each other everything. Instead, three quarters feel that the relationship is best if some things remain private.
In summing up the situation, a representative from the organization that carried out the study said, 'Being a teenager is hard, but having a mum to turn to and talk things through or ask questions is priceless in helping young women to manage.'
a    (Si 1u4o"l5( Listen to a radio programme about a new TV series. Which word describes how the two groups of people feel about each other at the end of the first episode?(^ircjg) the correct answer.
1 hostile
2 neutral
3 sympathetic
b  Listen again and correct the mistakes.
1 There are four participants in each group.
five
2 Thejuniors are all in their thirties.
3 The seniors are all over 80.
4 The juniors thought that they were going to be in a documentary.
5 Both groups were pleased to be sharing the same house.
6 Each group received six hundred pounds to go shopping with.
7 Thejuniors bought a lot of healthy food.
8 The seniors' questions were about literature.
9 Sam doesn't know much about geography.
10 The next episode of Forever Young is on Friday.
c   Listen again with the audio script on p. 70 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
tomboy /'tnmboi/	ban /bacn/
bookworm /'bukwaim/	curfew /'k3ifju:/
quarrel /'kworal/	buggy /'bAgi/
well-behaved	scooter /'skuita/
/wel bi'heivd/	scream /skriim/
naughty /'noiti/	
When I say I want to photograph someone, what it really means is that I'd like to know them.
Annie Leibovitz, American photographer
1 READING
a  Read the text quickly. Which information is not revealed about the Afghan Girl?
1 what she is called
2 how old she was when the photo was taken
3 whether she has a family
4 where she lives now
b Read the text again and choose a, b, or c.
1 The most remarkable thing about the photo is... a   her hair.
b  her clothes, c   her eyes.
2 The photographer did not take the girl's picture immediately because...
a   he wanted to give her time to get used to him.
b   he didn't notice her at first.
c   she refused to be photographed.
3 It was hard for the photographer to find the girl again because...
a   he wasn't allowed to talk to the refugees, b   a lot of Afghan women looked like her. c   he didn't know anything about her.
4 When the photographer found Sharbat Gula, she was Irving...
a   in a different refugee camp.
b   in an isolated part of Afghanistan.
c   in a different country.
5 What is the photographer's attitude towards Sharbat Gula today?
a   He is concerned about her and her family's future, b   He is keen to take more photographs of her. c   He is grateful to her for making him famous.
c  Match the highlighted words and phrases in the text to the definitions below.
1 remembered _
2 said that something is true
3 very noticeable _
4 the state of being alone and not disturbed by other people______
5 make somebody want to know something
6 a job that you are given to do
7 go near to somebody _
8 questions _
w ho is the Afghan Girl?
■i'JJIJP >'■'< :[M£ ,[IP K|P
in June 1985, a .J^^^_
photograph of a youna ™ woman appeared on the front cover of the National | ■■■ Geographic magazine.H ■»-»■-'--image showed a face wh _„___, a pair of striking; green    '■     ■ -» eyes staring directly i" ■      ' ™ the camera. A red scart   i. -.   . » hung loosely over her ^fcNMf hair. The title of the picture was Afghan Girl, and today it is regarded as one of the most viewed photographs in the world. So, who took it and what is the story behind it?
The photograph was taken by American photojournalist Steve McCurry. In 1984-, he was sent to Afghanistan to take a series of photos reflecting the conflict in the area. McCurry spent most of his time on the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan, where there were a number of refugee camps. It was in one of these camps that he met the girl in the photograph. Realizing that she was very shy, he did not approach her at first. Instead he started photographing her classmates, hoping to arouse:her curiosity. Eventually, she came up to him and agreed to have her photo taken.
Almost as soon as the photograph was published, the magazine received hundreds of enquiries about the girl's identity. But McCurry had not asked her name and so he could not answer. That is, until 2002, when National Geographic sent him to Afghanistan on an assignment to try and find her. With no name, no address, and no information about what tribe she came from, this was not an easy task. All McCurry and his team could do was to visit the refugee camps and show her photo to the remaining inhabitants. Many women claimed thattheywere the girl in the picture, but McCurry was not convinced. Then one day, he spoke to a man who said that he knew her brother. A message was sent to her hometown, and some time later, a much older version of the girl in the picture walked through McCurry's door.
The photographer discovered that the woman's name was Sharbat Gula. She had only been 12 years old when he had taken her photograph, but now she was 30 and had three daughters of her own. She had returned to Afghanistan from the refugee camp in 1992 and she was living in a remote region of the country with her husband, a baker. Sharbat recalled being photographed by McCurry, but she had never seen her famous portrait before.
Since their meeting, McCurry and his team are continually in contact with Sharbat. National Geographic has paid her for the photograph, so she has been able to send her daughters to school. However, the magazine is keeping the location of her hometown a secret to protect her privacy.
2 VOCABULARY photography
a  Complete the description of the photo.
• » j.
■ -
there's a woman and the trunk of a tree that nas been
cut down. The trunk is 2i_th_
b__r_-h_c_of
the photo and the woman is standing 3b_it.
She's leaning on the tree trunk with her left hand
4o_t___o_it. She's
holding out her other hand. 5I_th_
c_of the photo is an older man. He looks
much smaller than the woman because he's
.th_
_d_. It looks as if
he is standing on the woman's hand. There's a bush _o_the man, and
.fr_
8o______the woman there's a wall with a lot of
flowers planted in it. 9I_th_
b_, there are a lot of trees and 10i_
th_t_I_-h_
c_, there's a large white house.
b  Complete the sentences with the words in the list.
blurred  enlarge  flash   lenses  out of focus portrait setting  zoom in
1 I moved when I was taking the photo, so the image is blurred
2 I use different_, depending on the shot
I want.
3 I wanted to take a close-up of my boyfriend, so I used the___.
4 I'm going to _
. this photo and frame it
for my parents as a present.
5 The people are too far away because I didn't _on them.
6 The photo is very dark because I didn't use the_____.
7 I didn't use the right setting, so the building is_______.
3 PRONUNCIATION word stress
a Underline the stressed syllable in the words. Then write them in the correct column in the table.
autolmattie background  belhind foreground pho|to|co|py  pho|to|ge|nic pho|to|gra|pher pholtolgralphic  pholtolgraph pho|to|gra|phy
Stress on first syllable	Stress on second syllable	Stress on third syllable
		automatic
		
		
		
b    @rsraSP Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
4 GRAMMAR prepositions
a Look at the pictures. Complete the sentences with the past simple of the verbs and the correct prepositions.
climb  cycle  dance  fall  run  sit stand swim walk across  along down  in front of next to over past round ttp
1 The cat______climbed up   the tree.
2 We_the bridge.
_the river.
3 The dog _
4 Mark_
5 They_
6 The band.
7 He_
8 They_
9 She_
. Sophie in the cafe. . the pavement. _us.
. a parked car.
_the fire.
_ the stairs.
b  Complete the sentences with a word from the list, and a preposition if necessary.
arrived asked belong entered married paid  proud  spend  told worried
1 Who does this camera    belong to?
2 Everybody stopped talking when we   entered   the room.
3 They're very_their son
because he has been very successful.
4 We_our meal by credit
card.
5 The police officer_________
ly
final
everyone to go home.
6 That actress is_
famous singer.
7 I'm very_
exams.
8 When the taxi driver stopped we _a receipt.
9 How much money do you_
food each month?
10 I__the hotel too late to
call my parents.
Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word(s) in brackets.
1 Holly wants to do a photography course, (interested)
Holly   is interested in doing a photography course.
2 I can't wait to go on holiday, (looking forward)
I'm_on holiday.
3 My boyfriend can't draw very well, (good) My boyfriend isn't
4 My friend said that I had broken her camera, (blamed) My friend _
her camera.
5 I think it's important to have a healthy diet, (believe)
I_a healthy
diet.
6 He said sorry because he had forgotten my name, (apologized)
He_______my name.
5 LISTENING
a    i.Ch'v^R:'' Listen to a two people talkijiE ahn.if a p [into tvliibition.
Number the photos 1-3 in the older     -~ jt.- m -r? -nti" jjj
j   ■   *   - I
b Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 Next year's Photo Exhibition in the village hall will be
2 The tall building in Photo 1 is. building in the world.
3 Jack thinks Photo 1 will not look good if you____.
4 Photo 2______at sunset.
5 The hills in_make Photo 2 wild and
mysterious.
6 Jane thinks the fountain in Photo 3 is not__
enough for the theme of the exhibition.
7 Jack is worried that the _
.will be too
big when they enlarge the photo. 8 They finally choose the photo with the _
c  Listen again with the tapescript onp.71 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
tower /'taua/	flash drive   /'flaef draiv/
hard drive   /'ha:d draiv/	data centre   /'delta senta/
file format   /'fail ,fo:maet/	offline (opp online)   /,of'lain/
resave /rii'seiv/	upload /Ap'laud/
erase /i'reiz/	back up /.baek'Ap/
-ST _yS J t i •
\~1 "KB-
4.** si 5; l/s jC"
(l V   q 1   ■ -
SBwIiilfite
■1
i-t'l w
pa yc
1 RENTING A CAR
a  Complete the questions with two words. Assistant
1     Have you   hired from us before?
2______of car are you looking for?
_like an automatic?
____be any additional drivers?
_include insurance?
_leave the car at the airport?
3
4
Customer
5 _
6_____
b Match the questions with the responses a-f.
a No, this is the first time.
b Yes, it's included in the price.
c Yes, it's an extra £50.
d Yes, my wife.
e A three-door would be fine.
f No, I'd like a manual, please.
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
m
□
□
□
□
□
Complete the sentences with the correct word.
1 What's u_? You sound upset.
2 I'm a_I can't take your call at the moment.
3 It's time for me to go. See you 1_.
4 Please leave your message after the t_.
5 H_on. I'll be back in a moment.
3 READING
a  Read the text once and correct the sentences.
1 A first time driver in the UK should rent a car at the airport. _
2 There's usually a speed camera 200 meters after the speed limit sign.______
3 In towns you can drive at 40mph.
4 You should only overtake a tractor if you are feeling confident. _
Look at the highlighted words and phrases. What do you think they mean? Use your dictionary to lookup their meaning and pronunciation.
If you are planning to see more of the UK than just the major cities, you should consider renting a car to make it easier to travel around. Thousands of visitors enjoy driving in the UK, happily and safely, every year, although driving on the 'wrong' side of the road for the first time can make some drivers nervous. Here are some tips for driving in the British Isles.
® START SLOW
If you've never driven in the UK before, don't plan to pick up a car at the airport and go straight onto a motorway heading for a major city. Use public transport to get to your holiday destination and try driving on the left on quieter roads first. Build up your confidence on smaller, less busy roads, before trying high speed motorways and big city centres.
On motorways, the speed limit is 70 mph (112 kph), but on other roads it goes down to 60-40 mph (96-64 kph). And once you enter a town or a village the speed limit is never more than 30 mph (48 kph). Always look out for the speed limit signs and remember that there are more speed cameras in the UK than in other European countries, If you see a white sign with a picture of a camera on it, there will be a speed camera within about 200 meters.
«j> PARK SAfrSlY
Parking in the UK can be complicated and if you leave your car in the wrong place, the fines can be quite heavy, so it is best to find a car park. Most towns now have Pay and Display parking, which makes life easier for visitors. Check the tariff board to see how much you have to pay and if there is a maximum parking time. Insert coins for the correct amount and the parking meter will give you a ticket to display in your window. Note that in some towns parking charges apply in the evenings and weekends.
The most interesting and scenic roads in Britain are often the smallest, It's possible to get stuck behind a tractor with a load of hay moving at 24 kph. Even if you are feeling more confident, be very careful overtaking on these roads. It's safer to be patient and wait until you have a clear, long view of the road ahead,
_■_
In California they don't throw their garbage away - they make it into TV shows.
Woody Allen, American film director and actor
1 VOCABULARY rubbish and recycling
a Complete the text with the words in the list.
bins  dustmen  landfill site  packaging rubbish
take away take out throw away waste waste-paper basket
In my family, we do our best to recycle as much of our 1 rubbish as possible. We have two 2 in the
kitchen, one for household '-' -     and the other for:
plastic4 and cans. The children each have a
___--.:  in their room where they can 6____.......
their used paper. We7 the rubbish as soon
as the bins are full. Outside on the street, there ai&four /. larger bins, which are all different colours. The green one
is emptied every evening by the B. ________________, but the
others are emptied less frequently. There's a yellow bin for recycling plastic and cans, a green one for glass, and a blue one for paper. A lorry comes to 9; ',. the contents
of these bins about once a month, I suppose that the things that aren't recycled are taken to a 10
b How are the following products usually sold?
1 a chocolate bar     in a wrapper
2 crisps inap_
3 jam inaj_
4 margarine
5 mineral water
6 orange juice
7 peeled tomatoes
8 soft drinks inac_
2 PRONUNCIATION III, /ai/, and leil
a (Circle) the different sound.
mat_ in ab_ in a c_ inat_
c Rewrite the phrases in bold using the correct form of a verb from the list and the object where appropriate.
reapply  recycle  reheat  replay  rethink reuse
1 Experts say that you should warm up food again only once. reheatfood
2 In the past, mothers washed their baby's nappies and put them on again because they were made of cloth.
3 This lipstick lasts for 24 hours, so you don't need to put it on again during the day. _
4 Is it possible to put polystyrene trays through a process so that they can be used again? _
5 The referee made a mistake, so they repeated the last five minutes of the match. _
6 Dan is currently considering his future again because he failed his final exams. _
1 ^	2	3 %
biscuit	decide	container
C5^ronme7vT~J)	diet	garbage
lid	rubbish	paper
packet	wine	waste
4 ^	5	
bin	away	danger
guilty	lifestyle	date
packaging	polystyrene	plastic
recycle	reapply	tray
b    fp^t^ Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
3 READING
a Read the article once and complete it with the missing sentences.
A The produce considered too ugly to sell is often
left on the trees or in the fields. B This is because they no longer invest time and
money in buying food on the high street. C This amounts to two billion tons of food. D The researchers say that the waste costs the
average household £480 per year. E These discounts result in consumers buying far
more food than they actually need.
1
Up to half of the food bought in British supermarkets ends up in the bin, according to a new report. This amounts to a staggering seven million Ions of food per year, worth around £10 billion. The report, entitled Global food: waste not, want not, was compiled by the Institution
of Mechanical Engineers.1_
That means that many families will throw away up to £24,000 worth of food during their lifetime, despite much of it being perfectly ecffbte:. Of the food that is binned:, £1 billion worth is still within its sell-by date and good enough to eat.
The author of the report, DrTim Fox, places some of the blame forthe waste on the consumer culture that exists in the UK. He believes that people have lost the
sense of the value of food.2_
Instead, they prefer to do a weekly shop at one of the many huge supermarkets that have opened in the last decade. Today, the average British family spends only 11 per cent of its budget on food, the report found. Dr Fox explains that because people undervalue the food they buy, they do not think twice about throwing it away.
■mHHHmMmi
According to Dr Fox, the supermarkets themselves are also partly responsible for the waste. This is because they often have special offers, such as 'Buy One, Get
One Free'.3_The products
are taken home, put away in a cupboard or in the fridge, and then forgotten about. Many of these items are near their sell-by date, and it isn't unusual for them to go off before they are eaten. The report suggests that it is often these cheaper products that people throw away.
It is not only food from the supermarket that goes to waste. About 30 per cent of the fruit and vegetables grown in the UK never even make it to the supermarket shelves. This is
because of the strict marketing rules in the country, which require fruit and veg to be a certain shape, size, and
weight. 4_______Dr Fox estimates
that between this agricultural waste and the fresh products thrown away by consumers, up to three quarters of the fruit and vegetables grown in Britain are never actuaLLy eaten.
Unfortunately, this colossal waste does not only occur in the UK. The situation remains the same across the globe, with around half of all food produced lost to waste.
5_That would be more
than enough to feed all of the people in the world who are starving.
b  Read the complete text again. Choose the right answer.
1 Every year, the average British family throws away food worth, a   hundreds of pounds.
b  thousands of pounds, c   billions of pounds.
2 People throw away so much food because... a   they don't eat as much as they used to.
b they go shopping more often than before, c   they don't consider food to be important.
3 Discounted products often end up in the bin because... a   customers buy more of them than they need.
b   customers don't really want them, c   customers prefer better quality goods.
4 A lot of fruit and vegetables are wasted because... a   consumers don't like the taste.
b   farmers don't have time to collect all the products, c   shops aren't allowed to sell them.
5 Compared to the UK, other countries throw away... a   less food.
b   the same amount of food, c   more food.
Match the highlighted words and phrases in the text to the definitions below.
1 thrown away _
2 deals that sell goods at a lower price than usual _
3 extremely large _
4 good or safe to eat _
5 become too old to eat _
6 extremely hungry _
7 the form of something _
8 plan of how to spend money over a period of time____________
9 give something too little importance
4 GRAMMAR future forms: will / shall and going to
a (CirclgHhe correct future form. Tick (/) if both forms are possible.
1 Could you take the rubbish out now? I think it's raining j(^Umm)this evening. _
2 We're flying j We're going toffy home on Saturday. Our flight leaves at 9.00 p.m. __
3 It's too late to call them now. I'll call /1 call them in the morning. _
4 What shall we do j will we do with our old sofa? _
5 Why don't you give away your riding boots? You're never going to wear j You'll never wear them again. _
6 Trust me. I won't tellj I'm not telling anyone. _
7 Sit down. I'm making j I'll make you a cup of tea. _
8 My sister is getting married j is going to get married in the spring.
9 Don't leave the butter out in this heat. It'll melt j
It's melting. _
10 Thanks for the lovely meal. Will I clear j Shall I clear the table? _
b Complete the dialogue with the correct form of will j shall or going to. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
A Hi Clare. Thanks for coming round to help. B No problem. When 1  are you going to move
(you move) to your new house? A Next Saturday. I've got a week to pack everything up.
B Right. So, where 2_(we start)?
A I thought we could do the garage today. Wait there
and3_(I move) the car.
B Have you got any boxes? A Yes, they're in the kitchen.
B 4____(I go) and get them for you.
B Right. Let's start.5_(you take) that
ladder with you? A No,6_
. (I not have) room for it. I'm moving
_(I give) the ladder to one of
_(he come round) on
to a flat.7_
my neighbours. 8_ Tuesday or Wednesday to pick it up.
B What about those old chairs.9_
have) room for those, either?
. (you not
. (I do) with them?
A Good point. What10___
B Why don't you take them to the chanty shop? Come
on.
. (I help) you put them in the car.
A Be careful. They're heavy.
B Don't worry.12_(I not drop) them!
5 LISTENING
You are going to listen to a radio programme about recycling around the world. Look at the list of countries. Which one do you think is the best at recycling? Which one is the worst? Listen and check your answers.
Australia     India     South Africa Sweden
P ¥• S"    * ■
-AW *
.   r   4    j ■■
_ l.-L l_
MUM" mt-
b Listen again and complete the notes.
Australia
Sweden
India
South Africa
Amount of waste
1_kg
per person per year
3_kg
per person per year
5_kg
per person per year
7_kg
per person per year
Amount recycled
a third of the total
96%
a quarter of the total
_%
Recycled products
paper and cardboard, plastic bottles, glass,
clothes, drinks containers
newspapers,
electrical
goods
cans, paper, glass, plastic
c  Listen again with the audio script on p.71 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
scavenge /'skasvindg/	worthless /'w3:0bs/
frozen /'frauzn/	melt down /.melt'daun/
feel guilty   /fill 'grlti/	second-hand
local council	/sekand 'haend/
/taukl 'kaunsl/	chemicals /'kemiklz/
the environment	
/6i m'vairanmgnt/	
I'm going to college. I don't care if it ruins my career. I'd rather be smart than a movie star.
Natalie Portman, American/Israeli actress
1 VOCABULARY study and work
a  Complete the crossword.
■
3L7
N
D
R
R
D
U
A
T
Clues across ~¥
3 A university student who is studying for their first degree.
5 One department in a university, e.g. for Arts or Law.
6 A class in which a small group of students discuss a subject with a teacher.
7 A teacher who is responsible for a small group of students at university.
10 A long piece of writing you do as part of a master's degree. Clues down J/
1 A presentation that takes place on the internet.
2 A talk that is given to a group of students to teach them about a particular subject.
4 A university student who is studying for their second degree.
7 A long piece of writing you do as part of a Ph I).
8 A university teacher of the highest level.
9 The area of land where the main buildings of a university arc.
b Complete the text.
When Mary finished her degree, she started looking out for ijofe. vacancies . She found that she had the right
ZqU___ for many of" them, but she had no
3ex___ because she had never worked before.
One day, she saw an advert for an internship, and so she
decided to 4a .______L _..___it because she
thought she might learn some useful 5sk-----.
She quickly wrote out her CV and included the name of
her university tutor as a 6r__...................._. Then she wrote
a 7C_____l____________and sent everything
off to the company. A week later, she received an email
inviting her to Ba ..._________an interview. The day
after the interview, she 9g......._...................an offer of a
three-month placement, but she decided not to accept it. She hadn't realized that she wouldn't get paid if she io w _____as an intern!
2 PRONUNCIATION word stress
a Underline the stressed syllable in the words in the list. Then write them in the correct column in the table.
atltend  delgree di[sser|ta|tion post|gra|du|ate pro|fess|or  re|fe|ree re|si|dence scho|lar|ship selmilnar tu|to|ri|al   unlder|gra|du|ate valcanlcy
Stress on first syllable	Stress on second syllable	Stress on third syllable
	attend	
		
		
		
		
b    fStP^S^- Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
3 READING
a  Read the text once. Match headings 1-3 to paragraphs A-C.
1 A little money goes a long way
2 New career after an early disappointment
3 Sharing a talent for others to learn
b Read the text again and answer the
questions. Write the letter of the paragraph.
Which entrepreneur...
1 made a large profit from his / her first business? _
2 has broken a record? _
3 has carried out a successful project together with a family member? _
4 was employed by an organization at a very young age? _
5 was given a present which developed
his / her skill? _
6 has colleagues in other countries? _
c  Match the highlighted words to the definitions below.
1 the unique name that identifies a website
2 a person who writes about new books, films, etc. _
3 collected _
4 the act of reporting an event _
5 projects which you cannot be sure will succeed _____
6 good at expressing your ideas clearly
Young entrepreneurs
You don't have to wait until you leave school to make a lot of money, as the three young people below have shown. Read on to find out more about them.
» - . -. Adora Svitak started writing when she
-——     ^T"~m was four years old, and she hasn't
stopped since. At six, she received a —— ■ ——--.! laptop computer from her mother on """"     *" '    which she quickly amassed hundreds of
..... short stories. When she was seven, Adora
published her first book: Flying Fingers: "*T Master the Tools of Learning Through the •. ■ Joy of Writing. It featured several of her
stories, along with her tips on writing and typing. She published a second book, Dancing Fingers, with her older sister Adrianna four years later. Since then, she has turned her writing success into speaking and teaching success. At the age of 12, Adora is an articulate public speaker who has given talks at over 400 schools. She is now planning a conference for other kids like her.
B _
. . When Farrhad Acidwalla was twelve, he
■ ■ .i ,fc : i borrowed $10 from his parents to buy his
c -■    ."WBBmj. , ^ first domain name on the internet. He built
■ _ a successful website related to aviation
' and model aircraft, which he later sold
....    „, .„.„ . . for far more than his initial $10 investment,
■ — — Since then, Farrhad has tried out several ""           " different ^ventures:. He is currently the CEO
t-yj >M    1^ - ■    ■ - ■    M --M ... '
■L_~_.^.. . . -.  of Rockstah Media, a company devoted to web development, marketing, advertising, and branding. The company is just over a year old but it has clients and a team of developers, designers, and marketing experts all over the world, Farrhad is now 16 years old and he plans to continue running Rockstah Media, while he is studying finance at the College of Commerce & Economics in India.
Savannah Britt was a published poet by the age of eight. When she was nine, she started working for a newspaper called The Kitchen Table News as a reviewer, of children's books. Two years later, however, the newspaper closed, and so Savannah found herself unemployed. But that didn't stop her. She started her own m p "3*" publication which was a magazine called
--- -      .....   Girlpez. She was only 11 at the time, so
that made her the youngest magazine publisher in the world, The magazine features coverage of events, like concerts and fashion shows, along with interviews with singers, actors, and celebrities. Now aged 15, Savannah has guided her magazine as it has developed into an online-only format at Girlpez.com.
4 GRAMMAR first and second conditionals     5 LISTENING
a Right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong phrases.
1 If he's late again,
he might lose tiis job.      [/] ■ ■ - ■ —™
2 If I won't answer the phone, "■;■»•■ ■ -~- ■!""—,
leave me a message. |Xj |,fL#j
If I don't answer
3 If they paid us more,
we didn't complain. O
JBMjfiiiii'HMiBjgjjiiBiifin i      .1 I #i'   «r^jf I hiB
'     J1     ■ . 11 J
4 You'd miss the traffic if you     ™"" "~ left a bit earlier. Q —       .- -
5 We'll never finish everything if we won't work late. Q
6 If Sally lived in the city centre, she could walk-to her office.
□
7 Max won't accept the job unless they don't agree-to his conditions. O
8 He does a postgraduate course i ("he can't find a job. O
9 I wouldn't live at home if I will be a student.
□
10 If you didn't have a part-time job, you'd have more time to study. O
b Write first and second conditional sentences.
1 I don't earn enough money so I can't buy my own flat. I could buy my own flat if   1 earned more money .
2 My sister has a boyfriend so she doesn't spend enough time studying.
My sister would spend more time studying if__.....___.
3 If Becky gets a scholarship, she'll go to an American university.
_unless she gets a scholarship.
4 Matt doesn't live in a hall of residence because it's too expensive.
If it wasn't so expensive,_.
5 If you don't have enough experience, they won't offer you the job.
You won't get the job unless_.
6 If you wear the right clothes, the interviewer will be impressed.
__________, the interviewer will get a bad
impression.
7 You miss your lectures because you get up late. If you got up earlier,_.
8 Teachers always notice when students cheat in the exam. If you cheat in the exam,_.
ll'fiiJ^V' Listen to a radio programme about unpaid internships. What is the expert's recommendation?
A Unpaid internships should be banned.
B All three-month internships should be paid.
C The length of internships should be reduced.
D Companies that don't pay interns should be punished.
Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 Companies currently give jobs to about a __of all interns.
2 Olga Britten says that some graduates don't apply for internships because they wouldn't be able to pay their _expenses.
3 According to Olga,_% of young people
couldn't live in London without a salary.
4 Olga suggests that companies are employing the richest graduates instead of the most__ones.
5 Olga states that it is__________to employ a person
in a company for a long time without paying them.
6 Companies that break the law are punished with a heavy_.
7 Olga agrees there will be _
. places for
interns if companies have to pay them. 8 Olga thinks that young people should do work _.......________instead of internships.
Listen again with the tapescript onp.72 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
advert /'aedv3it/
internship /'mt3injip/
be exploited   /bi ik'sploitid/
stack shelves   /.sttek'Jelvz/
sell (sth) door to door   /sel do: to 'do:/
delivery service   /di'hvari S3ivis/
do a round   /,da 9 'raund/
minimum wage   /minimam 'weKbj/
the checkout   /5s 'tfekaut/
w w
1
I find television very educational. Every time someone turns it on, I go into another room and read a book.
Groucho Marx, American comedian
FELEVISION: PAST AND PRESEN
Nothing illustrates the meaning of the word 'progress' more than the way television has developed over the last 90 years. In less than a century, the system for transmitting visual images and sound has gone from being non-existent to becoming an important mass media the world over.
The first televised moving images were made during the 1920s by Scottish engineer John Logie Baird. But it was after the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on 2June 1953 that television really tookb'ff in the UK. Over 20 million viewers followed the event, which was broadcast around the world in 44 languages. Few could afford to have a TV set in those days, so those who had the money to' buy one invited their neighbours - which sometimes meant the whole street - to watch the ceremony on their small black and white screen.
Since then, many more historic moments have been witnessed: on TV, The first moon landing on 20 July 1969 was watched by around 14% of the total world population. Although it was the middle of the night in some parts of the world, an estimated 530 million watched in amazement as Neil Armstrong took his first step. More recently, numerous people around the globe saw Barack Obama's 'Yes, we can'
speech on 4 November 2008 when he became the first black American President. Sporting events and royal weddings have also had extremely high ratings lately. Nearly a billion people ail over the world watched the opening ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics on 27 July of that year, and nearly two billion are reported to have seen Prince William marry Kate Middleton on 29 April 2011,
Of course these days, the transmission of IraiaBiettous occasions is not limited to television. Today, streaming allows viewers to watch internet videos and webcasts of live events in real time. On 14 October 2012, Felix Baumgartner's record-breaking1 skydive from the stratosphere was seen live by viewers all over the world on their computers, tablets, and smartphones. The event was streamed as it happened by more than 140 digital companies, as well as being transmitted in 50 countries by 40 television networks.
Technology has been advancing at an incredible rate since the 1920s. In the UK today, there are 480 different television channels. Every year, 27,000 hours of content is produced. Although Logie Baird also developed high-definition and 3D pictures in the 1940s, this is surely something that even the father of television could not have imagined.
b Read the text again and choose the right answer.
1 The writer thinks TV is a great example of progress... a   because it can transmit pictures and sounds.
b   because people can watch it all over the world, c   because it has developed so fast.
2 Before the Queen's coronation...
a   very few people had a television.
b  people weren't interested in the royal family.
c   television sets were not very expensive.
3 The most popular programme on TV in the last 60 years was...
a   the London Olympics.
b   Prince William and Kate Middleton's wedding, c   Neil Armstrong's moon walk.
4 More people were able to watch Felix Baumgartner's sky dive because...
a   it was televised in many different countries, b  it was very well publicized by social networks, c   it was shown live on different media.
5 If John Logie Baird were alive today, he would be surprised by...
a   the size of the television industry, b  the quality of the images transmitted, c   the appearance of 3D television.
c Look at the highlighted words and phrases and try to work out their meaning. Then check the meaning and pronunciation in your dictionary.
2 VOCABULARY television
a  Complete the text with the words in the list.
remote control screen speakers stand switched over turn down   turned off   turned on   turned up   was on
My friend's brother gave him a 3D TV with a 60-inch 1 screen for his birthday. The TV was so big that it
didn't fit on the 2_he had, so he decided to
buy a new one. Once he had the TV where he wanted
it, he3_it___.....____________and set up the
channels with the 4_. When it was ready,
he sat down to watch a film that5_, but the
sound wasn't very good. He 6_the volume,
but he still couldn't hear the actors very clearly. He had
the same problem when he 7_to another
channel. So he decided to go and buy a pair of
8__to attach to the set. He 9_
the TV, drove into town, and found what he wanted. But he had a shock when he tried out the new sound
system, because he had forgotten to 10_
the volume. The noise was so loud that it made everybody jump!
b Match the descriptions to the types of programmes below.
cartoon chat show cookery programme documentary live sport period drama  quiz show  reality show soap
1 It's Abi's birthday, and Tanya is determined to give her a good time. soap
2 When a 'cool' couple moves in next door, Homer tries to be just like them, but Marge and Bart have problems fitting in. _
3 Coverage of stage two of the prestigious cycling race.
4 Daily round-up of highlights, revealing how the housemates are getting on. _
5 Today, Jamie prepares more quick meals, including an interesting pork recipe. _
6 On a journey taking him from Luxor to Istanbul, Neil Oliver explores the story behind the last Pharaoh of
Egypt--
7 Another episode in the life of the aristocratic Crawley family and their servants in the post-Edwardian era.
8 Two more contestants compete against each other to see who will go through to the next round. _
9 Tonight's guests are former Bond girl Britt Ekland and politician John Prescott. _
3 PRONUNCIATION /w/, M, and Ibl
a    '<5S'f;?"'>:? Listen and complete the sentences.
1 What's the
_ for the
2 The viewers_
3 Have you ever _
4 Didyou_
on______
for the.
the
_ or Cambodia? ___show
5 The.
. team won a.
6 We've been _ up our new _
. since we set
b Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the sentences.
4 GRAMMAR present perfect simple
a Right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the mistakes in ihe lii>>hli<jlui.,d si-nii ncv s
1 **   1 \*
: -J ■■■ ■'■j1
*■ ——■. 1
j y i J
I   11 >\e von hv.irJ lniiii'i'inu's hi n n r lnui..si' S_
1.   I In. ilivu .et h.uen't     iuht-d on liei mil i"i'|iliniie X
hasn't switched on
3 The documentary has finished just. Q
4 They've had the same TV set; since 20 years. O
□
□
5 T've already seen this film.
6  Have vou ever be on TV?
7 I haven't watched that programme since they
i changed the presenter:. O
8 We know each other i for ages.
□
9 I haven't never liked watching live sport. Q 10 i Has the news started vet ? Q
b (Circled the correct answer.
1 Let's switch over.(JVeW7eerj> / We saw this documentary before.
2 Have you heard the news ? The President has just resigned jjust resigned]
3 I went to sleep on the sofa last night and haven't turned off I didn't turn off the TV.
4 Don't tell me what happens- / haven't watched /1 didn't watch the last episode yet.
5 That programme is on j has been on since I was a child.
6 I don't need to see the film because I've already read j I already read the book.
7 The children have had the TV on all day I for all day.
8 They've only known each other for a month / since a month and they're getting married.
c   Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Use the word in brackets.
1 Is this your first time in Spain? (been)
Have you been to Spain before?
2 My friend bought his speakers a week ago. (had) My friend_____a week.
3 I got home two minutes ago. (just) I______home.
4 Jodie Foster became an actress when she was a child.
(since)   Jodie Foster_she was
a child.
5 We moved house in 2005,2008, and 2012. (times) We__________.
6 I didn't like cartoons in the past and I don't like them now. (never)   I____cartoons.
7 They have been married for ten years, (get) They_____.
8 I dont' want a coffee, I had one at home, (already) I don't want a coffee, I_.
5 LISTENING
a    MHfU'iJ.{■[-> Listen to five speakers comparing their use of television and the internet. Answer the questions.
1 Which speakers spend more time watching TV?__
2 Which speakers spend more time online?___
b  Listen again and match speakers 1-5 to sentences A-F. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use.
[] A He| She gets easily distracted in front of the TV.
□ B He / She doesn't often watch TV.
□ C He/She values TV as time to spend with the
family.
□ D He / She uses social media to chat about TV
programmes. I   | E He / She is usually too busy to watch TV.
□ F He/She is very selective about which TV
programmes to watch.
c  Listen again with the audio script onp.72 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
release (a film or TV series) review /ri'vjui/
/n'liis/ cable TV   /keibl ,tii 'vt:/
season   /'siizn/ binge watch viewer   /'vjuia/ /'bmd3 wntJ7
flashback  /'f kefbaek/ a hit   h hit/
cliffhanger   /'klifhaeno/ streaming /'striimin/
When I go out into the countryside and see the sun and the green and everything flowering, I say to myself 'Yes indeed, all that belongs to me!'
Henri Rousseau, French painter
1 VOCABULARY the country
a  Order the letters to make words that match the definitions.
1 an area of land that is covered with trees (ODOW)
wood
2 a high area of land that is not as high as a mountain (LIHL) _
3 the low land between two mountains that often has a river flowing through it (LAYVEL) _
4 put seeds in the ground to grow (TLNAP) _
2 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds
a (Circle) the different sound.
5 a cereal crop which can be made into flour (TH AWE)
6 ready to be picked and eaten (PERI)
7 a small river (MASTER) _
8 a plant like a small, thick tree with many low branches (HUBS) _
9 collect a crop on a farm (STRAVEH) _
10 the part of a fence that can be opened to let people through (TEGA) _
11 a high, very steep area of rock, especially next to the sea(FLICF)___________
12 an area of water that is smaller than a lake (NOPD)
1 IX	2	3
	"© *®	li
bush	farm	hedge
	grass	field
look	path	leaf
wood	valley	sheep
4	5	
	w	
cow	stones	
mountain	crops	
grow	pond	
town	cockerel	
b  Complete the text.
One cf the best ways to seethe fnglbh countryside is
fmmttieair.0^n;_3eW4_sepaialeci'by"h^ ,----
f _ _____'---b .--if belc- r v.:.. -t £31 3: *tip
syecans?e.4er_____ _ _ aregsowinpin some of
■mt,-i while in others there ail- anar-sU [icicefuliy
eatlngtha-gi.____,__Ar^-'s-enearsthe
prcn n d, you ran see Mack-iEif!-white c c-----------_ „
standing in groups, and in the spnngy-ju Lin sec
7sh_ ________ with their91____ ___.Every so
often, there ia a 8 f_________. with 5. trattot parked
outside :hc door. Usually, there is lit. enormous
_____ _ nearly where the gia in Is stored
Outside, there art some times:1 h_,__________________ wd/dng
.irm;r4 the farmyard locking fc: somethtr'.g to eat.
"""here'susnaitya ac________ in 1 high pace
above the female tirds Jcdtaus cut for iheri
b    S®!SilSi|; Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
:rr.
........-
iitaliiil!M^!i«^iipni:!KHft^
3 READING
a  Read the leaflet once and answer the questions. What time does the farm open on Wednesdays? What else can you buy on the farm apart from fresh fruit and vegetables?
Pfefc ^©oat? ®e#0D
Farcy some fresh fruit and vegetables? At Parkside Farm we grow a wide variety of delicious summer fruits and high-quality vegetables for you to come and pick your own. Why not pay us a visit?
About us
Our family has been farming at Parkside Farm since 1958. Although we no longer keep cows, we still have some grassland and some
fields of wheat and other crops.1_Since then, we have
extended the Pick Your Own area and we now grow about 20 different crops.
Opening times
The season: starts in late June, but opening hours are Variable: the first week. Please ring our message line to check. From July onwards, we are open Tues to Satfrom 9.00 a.m. to 5.30 p.m. (last entry 5.00 p.m.)2_Mondays CLOSED.
Crop calendar
Some craps may be in limited -supply at certain times, so always ring the message line for daily updates before setting out,
Strawberries:
early June to mid-October
^ T
ear'ylulyto
Blackberries:
mid-)ulyto mid-October
Please check our website for crop dates of vegetables.
Prices
4_This means that every person has to spend at least £3 on
Pick-Your-Own fruit or they will be charged this amount when they leave. It is NOT an additional charge to the cost of your produce, because you only have to pay it if you pick less than £3 each.
Strawberries: £449/kg Raspberries: £6.39/kg Blackcurrants: l^.yg/kg Redcurrants: £479/kg Blackberries: £539/kg Plums: £2.99/kg Please check our website for prices of vegetables.
Facilities
large car park toilets (including disabled)
containers available for picking 5
debit cards accepted
Shop: sells ice cream, cold drinks, meringues:, Parkside honey, sugar for jam-making
Find us
Parkside Farm is in the London borough of Enfield, north of the city centre.
By car: Take the A1005 north and turn off at Hadley Road. Follow the signs to Parkside Farm.
By train:6
By tube: Cockfoster's tube station is about 4.5 km away, but mini cabs are available.
b Read the text again and complete it with the missing information.
A Plums: mid-July to early September
B The nearest railway station is Gordon Hill, about
1.5 km away. C picnic area
D We started growing strawberries for Pick Your Own back in 1979.
E There is a minimum charge of £3 for each adult or
child who enters the Pick Your Own area. P  Opening hours are variable on Sundays.
c  Look at the highlighted words and phrases and try to work out their meaning. Then check the meaning and pronunciation in your dictionary.
4 GRAMMAR present perfect continuous
a  Complete the text with the present perfect continuous form of a verb from the list.
not add     drink     not eat     go make play     swim     try     use walk
My husband and 11   have been frying   to lead a
healthier lifestyle recently. We 2_,_______
jogging together every day before we go to work. He
3 to work instead of driving, and I
4 :- the stairs in rhv office instead of taking the lift. We 5 : :   a lot of water during the day,:and we 6 :'.     .   ^;.. :        any shacks. After work. I _                           every evening and
my husband 8____ tennis twice a week,
Instead of cooking a big meal when we get home, my
husband 9__■ : '; •"■ us some lovely salads.
He10_______: a lot of oil to the salads, but
they still taste delicious!
b Write present perfect continuous sentences with for or since. Use contractions where possible.
1 I'm looking after my neighbour's dog. They went on holiday last Saturday, (since)
I've been looking after my neighbour's dog since last Saturday.
2 My brother lives in Paris. He went there two years ago. (for)   My brother____.
3 Emma is my girlfriend. We started going out a year ago. (for)   Emma and I__.
4 Rosie is studying. She started when she came home, (since)   Rosie_______.
5 They're training for the new season. Their first session was three weeks ago. (for)
They__.
6 It's raining. It started at about 8 o'clock, (since)
5 LISTENING
a t^iUtlfy • Listen to an interview with Susan, a woman who moved to the country from the city. Where would she like to live in the future?
b Listen again and correct the sentences.
1 Susan lives in southern Germany.
2 The village school has around 90 pupils.
3 Their organic food company buys fruit from other-organic farms.
4 The company sells its products in Germany.
5 Susan likes going running through the fields behind her house.
6 She plays in an orchestra.
7 She doesn't like going out at night because it's too quiet.
8 She would like to live nearer the hospital.
c   Listen again with the audio script onp.72 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
move to (a place / house)	theme tune
/'muiv to/	/'0i:m tjum/
move in (to a place / house)	increase productivity
/muiv'm/	/in,kri:s prodAk'tivati/
move back   /muiv 'bade/	shortage /'JbitKhj/
fit in   /fit 'in/	rationing /'nejbmrj/
TS-»
Vi
T
tell the police
1 MAKING A POLICE REPORT
3 READING
Order the words to make questions and match the questions with the answers.
1 help I you can?     Can I help you?
2 unusual notice this did anything you evening?
3 anything there else is?
4 her you describe can?
5 her see you when last did?
6 do know you her were what plans?
|T] a Yes, my grandmother is missing.
|   | b Well, she's 85 years old. She's quite short
and quite thin with grey hair and glasses. |   | c Last night. I always go round on my way
home from work. |   | d She didn't mention anything. |   | e Yes, the front door was open, which was
strange.
|   | f Yes, she hadn't put the shopping away.
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
Complete the dialogues.
1 A Where is everyone else? B I have no_ idea .
2 A Can you tell me again what the homework is? B Yes, but I_c_this time, because I
won't tell you again.
3 A  I texted John and this is his reply.
B  I don't understand. What does i_
m_?
.4 A  Are you sure you don't want me to come round?
B  No, don't worry. I'm a_r_.
; 5 A Was that your phone? B  Yes. It's a m_fr_
. my boyfriend.
Missing Persons
I
When a person is identified as missing, and it is an emergency, always dial 999. For all non-emergency cases, contact us on 101.
Mow sasa yon report someone missing to the Police?
firsthand reporting from a relative or friend is the most common way that Police are notified of a missing person.
We will take reports of missing persons in any of the following ways:
• #ia.H01 to speak to your local police
• By a visit to a police station
• Contact with a Police Officer/Police Staff away from a police station
What happens when you report someone missing to the Police?
Once a Police Officer has taken a report from you about themissing person, he/she enters alLthe information onto a computer at the police station and circulates the person as 'missing' on the Police National Computer. Immediate enquiries are undertaken by the Initial Investigating Officer to try to find the missing person as soon as possible.
If they are not found then the investigation is passed on to a nominated officer within the police station who will now deal with all further enquiries.
What can they do
The officer wilL firstly make sure that we have all the necessary details so that an efficientinvestigation can be conducted, these will include: ■• Details of friends or relatives ■• PLacesthatthe missing person is known tafrequent
I    • HeaLth or medical conditions that they may suffer from
i    • Financial account details
j Officers will also need to fieareh? the home address with your consent.
!
i What can you do?
j Police realize thatthis is a very traumatic time for you, but this is also a | time where you can help them by making many enquiries yourself.
a Read the text. Number the sentences in the correct order.
1 You believe that a person is missing.
_A police officer completes a computer report.
_The police encourage you to continue asking questions.
__The report is uploaded onto the Police National Computer.
____Police officers look for evidence at the missing person's house.
_ You contact the police.
7 The missing person is found.
b  Look at the highlighted words and expressions. What do you think they mean? Check your ideas in your dictionary.
If you want a thing done well, do it yourself.
Napoleon Bonaparte, 18th century Emperor of the French
VOCABULARY DIY and repairs; paraphrasing
Read the clues. Complete the puzzle to find the hidden object in a shed.
1 It's a thing you use to stop people from opening a gate.
2 It's a thing you use to climb up, e.g. to paint a ceiling.
3 It's a thing you use for making holes.
4 They're things made of metal that you can use to attach one piece of wood to another or to put in a wall to hang pictures on.
5 They're things you can use to cover the bathroom wall.
6 They're things that you use for building walls.
7 It's a thing you use for tightening screws.
8 It's a thing you use for carrying water.
9 It's like a rope but much thinner.
10 It's the thing that you put through a needle when you want to mend your clothes.
b Complete the dialogues.
1 A
2 A
The light isn't working.
Don't worry. I'll change the light bulb.
It's dark outside.
Take a t_.
A How do you lock this door?
B You have to pull the h__up.
A I need to light the candles.
B There are some m_in the drawer.
A I've bought some wrapping paper for Mary's present.
B Greatl Have we got any s_?
A I need to stick this photo on this application form.
B OK. Here's the gl_.
c  Look at the pictures. What are they doing? Complete the sentences.
■ H "*    ■»    fi    W    M «!■
1  !■■ 4
i *■ HI
1 She'5 tying her shoelaces .
2 They_some shelves.
3 She_a hole in the wall
4 He_
5 She.
6 They _
the handle on. . a button on a shirt. _a tyre.
2 PRONUNCIATION consonant clusters
a    SJita^MS Listen and write the sentences.
1_____.
2_____.
3______.
4_____.
5_____.
6_____.
b Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the sentences.
1
3 READING
a  Read the article. Do most people have a natural ability for DIY?
How good are you at doing DIY? 1_Recent research has shown that
DIY ability lies in our genes - which provides the perfect excuse for those of us who struggle to assemble flat-pack furniture or change a tap.
The research was in the form of a study, which was conducted for Halifax Home Insurance last year. Two thousand UK adults of both sexes
took part.2_To be able to do the tasks, the participants needed to
know something about shapes and mechanics. While they were putting the puzzles together, the scientists measured their natural DIY ability. Those who tried to do the tasks by trial and error were unable to finish the puzzles.
After analyzing the results, the researchers revealed that only a third
of the participants had completed the tasks properly.3_Men scored
higher in the experiment, which suggests that they really are better 'programmed' to do essential repairs in the home. Psychologist Dr Glenn Wilson, who led; the experiment, explained that people who are good at doing DIY have a high level of spatial awareness. This is the ability to judge the position and size of objects. 'Although there is not one specific DIY gene,' he said, 'Some people simply do not have the necessary brain skills to manipulate shapes.' People with little or no spatial awareness will always struggle to complete DIY tasks successfully, he said.
Attempting DIY without the necessary skills can have disastrous consequences. It is estimated that £400 million worth of damage was caused last year by people who lack natural Do-lt-Yourself ability.
4_This was after 36-year-old Barry Witham had made a sizeable, hole
in the kitchen ceiling while he was trying to mend a light. Other incidents include cutting his leg with a penknife while trying to fit a carpet and hurting his hand badly while fixing some speakers. Barry is obviously one of those enthusiasts who do not have the spatial awareness necessary for home improvements.
The findings of the Halifax Home Insurance study come just a day after a report revealed that more and more of us are losing interest in
DIY. 5_Apparently, attitudes are changing and today home owners
are more likely to pay someone else to do their repairs rather than do them themselves. This is good news for insurers, who often have to foot the bill for expensive DIY mistakes. However, it is bad news for DIY retailers, whose sales have fallen dramatically recently.
b Read the article again and complete it with the missing sentences.
A The participants were asked to complete some specially designed multidimensional puzzles.
B A Middlesbrough man was recently banned by his wife from doing any more repairs to their home.
C An astonishing two million of us have stopped doing our own home improvements over the past couple of years, according to market analysts.
D If you aren't an expert, it appears that you are not alone.
E This means that approximately two in three Britons lack the natural ability to do DIY.
c  Look at the highlighted; words and phrases and try to work out their meaning. Then check the meaning and pronunciation in your dictionary.
4 GRAMMAR obligation, neccessity, prohibition, advice
a (Circle) the correct form. Tick (/) if both are possible.
Some home repairsare easyandyou 1 don't have to / needn't / consult an expert. But thereare others that you 2must /(§ugM^noT&)try yourself. The following will help you make the right decision when you're thinking of doing a job.
PLUMBING REPAIRS
You 3 don't have to /mustn't call a plumber to do minor repairs, like changing a tap. You can probably do it yourself.
But you 4should / ought to get in an expert for more complicated jobs. If not, you might flood your house.
___PJfc__.__
o"~t -x :
ELECTRICAL REPAIRS
You 5 must / have to switch off the power before doing any small electrical repairs.
You BshouldI must be a qualified electrician to make any changes to the electrical system, so don't even think of doing this yourself.
ROOFING REPAIRS
You 7don't have to / ought not to go up on the roof alone, because you might fall off and injure yourself. However, if you simply want to check something, you 8should I ought to always have a helper to hold the bottom of a ladder so that it doesn't suddenly move.
GAS APPLIANCE REPAIRS
You probably ^ don't need to / needn't call an expert to move your gas oven.
But you 10mustn't / don't need to install a new water heater yourself. Gas leaks kill hundreds of people every year.
Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first. Contractions count as one word.
1 It isn't a good idea to drill a hole near a water pipe. You   shouldn't drill a hole   near a water pipe.
2 In some countries, it's prohibited to make a noise after 10.00 p.m.
In some countries, you_____
after 10.00 p.m.
3 Builders are obliged to wear a helmet on a building site.
Builders____________on a
building site.
4 It isn't necessary for me to decorate my room because I did it last year.
I____my room because I
did it last year.
5 It's a good idea to keep a torch in your car. You___a torch in your car.
6 We aren't obliged to pay any bills because everything is included in the rent.
We_____any bills because
everything is included in the rent.
7 In my country, it's compulsory to take used batteries to a recycling point.
In my country, you____
to a recycling point.
8 It's dangerous to let children play with matches. You_____with matches.
5 LISTENING
a    CfJlBI^3>> Listen to five people talking about DIY disasters. Answer the questions.
When the disaster happened, which speakers...
1 hadn't started doing any DIY? _
2 were in the process of doing DIY?___
3 had just finished doing some DIY? _
b Listen again and match speakers 1-5 to sentences A-F. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use.
A He / She changed their mind about doing some DIY. B He / She hasn't done any DIY since the disaster. C He / She had to put the DIY off to another day. D He / She was injured while they were doing DIY. E He / She managed to find a solution to the
DIY disaster. ^] F He / She was secretly pleased that the DIY had failed. ^\
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
scratch /skraetf/	remove /ri'muiv/
drop /drop/	check out (verb)
plug something in	/i/ek 'aut/
/pUg SAmOin 'in/	rub /rAb/
amplify   /'tempi if ai/	polish (verb) /'polif/
twist /twist/	wipe /waip/
The best customer service is if the customer doesn't need to call you, doesn't need to talk to you. It just works.
Jeff Bezos, founder of Amazon.com
1 GRAMMAR can, could, and be able to
■miwhw _- m
d     *j   _ _
--1      M i -
a (^ircle) the correct form. Tick (■/) if both are possible.
1 My boyfriend can j is able to cook really well, because his dad's a chef. •/
2 You need to can f^^Meto) forget your personal problems when you're at work,
3 My mother could / was able to sew really well when she was younger.
4 If it's nice this evening, we can j we'll be able to have a barbecue.
5 Sorry, but we haven't could / haven't been able to give you the table you wanted.
6 If your brother's restaurant was nearer, we could j would be able to go more often.
7 To work for this company, you must can j be able to speak three languages.
8 We're really sorry we couldn't j weren't able to come to your party.
9 I've never could j been able to make paella, but I'd love to learn.
10 Canyou j Willyou be able to make the lunch tomorrow?
11 They wouldn't give me a refund for the top, but I could j was able to change it for a new one.
12 I hate not can / not being able to read a menu when I'm abroad.
b  Rewrite the highlighted sentences using the correct form of can or be able to. If both forms are possible, write two sentences.
1 Is it OK. if [close the window? I'm really cold.
Can I close the window?
2 It isn't possible for me to come to the next class. I'll be on holiday.
I can't come to the next class.
I won't be able to come to the next class.
3 Is it OK if I sit here?: It's the only free seat.
4 It hasn't been possible for me to write to you. I've been very busy.
5 It wasn't possible for her to fin ish the meal. There was too much food.
6 They're staying in a self-catering apartment. They want to have the possibility of cooking their own meals.
7 I'm sure that isn't John. He's on holiday.
8 We are delighted that it is possible for us to come to vour party. We are looking forward to it.
9 I love having the possibility of getting up late in the holidays.: I usually start work at 8 o'clock.
10 We managed to book a room with a sea view.; It was the last one available.
__
Lk    _L ■
2 READING
a Read the article once and choose the best title.
1 Low-cost airlines improve their service Q
2 How to complain about service on flights? Q
3 Service with a smile-if you're lucky! Q
b Read the article again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 Passengers hardly ever complain about
flight attendants. T_
2 Skymark wants passengers to put their luggage away in the lockers themselves. _
3 Passengers on Skymark flights should expect flight attendants to be polite. __
4 Cabin staff on Skymark flights have been
told not to listen to customer complaints. _
5 Skymark has been criticized about its
new policy. _
6 Skymark is not going to make any changes
to the new rules. _
7 Skymark says the airline values customer satisfaction more than safety. _
8 Skymark has a good safety record. _
9 The plane to Okinawa was flying too low. _
10 Skymark is hoping to expand in the future.__
c  Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions below.
1 say hello to somebody _
2 things that you want to complain about
3 official rules on how to do something
4 causing public discussion and disagreement
5 a group of aircraft that is owned by one person or company _
6 causing a delay _
7 not being punished for doing something bad
8 went towards a place____
9 put something away in a particular place until it is needed _______________
10 risk harming or destroying something
JE i
sin
rfcfcffc"
- : * - ■ M
-----;   I r
While airlines have a reputation for providing bad customer service on board, their cabin staff are usually extremely helpful. They greet you as you board, they serve you drinks and snacks at your seat, and they are always waiting to say goodbye when you disembark. Most people value the professional but friendly attitude of attendants, but it appears that there is one airline that does not.
In May this year, the Japanese budget airline Skymark introduced a new eight-point 'Service Concept' on board its aircraft. The guidelines stated among otherthings that cabin staff would not help passengers stow their luggage into overhead lockers. On top of this, attendants were not required to use 'polite language' when talking to customers. Passengers were also warned that the airline would not accept any complaints on board. Anybody found to be holding.up a flight would be asked to leave, so that the plane could take off on time. Dissatisfied passengers were advised to direct their qfiMances'; to the National Consumer Affairs Center or other related agencies.
Fortunately for Skymark's passengers, it seems the airline is not getting away with their new policy. The head of Japan's Consumer Affairs Agency has made a statement saying that it is improperto tell customers to direct their complaints to a public organization. Moreover, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government has reported Skymark to the airline authorities. Under this pressure, the airline has agreed to revise at least the part of its guidelines regarding customer complaints.
So why would an airline want to jeopardize the reputation of its staff like this? According to Skymark, the main explanation is that the crew's primary task is not to attend to passengers but to act as safety personnel. This concern with safety is understandable when you look at the airline's recent history. Between the start of the year and early May, Skymark is reported to have broken safety rules at least six times. In one incident, a flight to Okinawa approached the island below the legal minimum altitude, and in another, an aircraft landed at Ibaraki Airport without permission.
With a fleet of 29 aircraft, Skymark currently only operates in Japan. However, the airline has a number of Airbus A380s on order. The company has recently applied for rights to fly the new planes to New York JFK and London Heathrow airports. With its current safety record and its cbntroVersiaf customer service policy, who knows whether they will be given permission?
3 VOCABULARY at a restaurant
a  Complete the sentences.
1 Would you like a grass   of juice?
2 He always has a b______of cereal for breakfast.
3 I'm looking for a c_to open the wine.
4 Let's ask for a j_of tap water instead of
mineral water.
5 I'll lay the table for you. Which t_shall I use -
the white one or the blue one?
6 Do you ever make tea in at_
always use mugs?
7 Can I have another w_
_ or do
you
21
please? I'm changing from white to red.
This kn_doesn't cut very well. Could you
bring me another one? Could you put sp_
. on the table? We're
having soup as a starter. 10 I don't like drinking tea out of a mug. I prefer using a cup and s_.
b  Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in the list (past simple, past participle, infinitive, or verb + ■
ask for not book carry clear not lay leave order pour  recommend  send back  serve  take try
1
111
We had a disastrous meal in Menorca once. Some friends had 1  recommended   the local lobster stew to us and so we went to one of the best restaurants on the island to try
it. Unfortunately, we had 2_.__ a table, so we
couldn't have dinnerthere. Instead, we sat down at a table that a family had just left in the restaurant next door. The
owner3_ the table for us, and then the
waiter who was4 __ourtable cameto
5 _our order. He seemed quite young and a
bit inexperienced. When he came back, he was
B__ a tray of drinks, but he couldn't put them
down because he 7_the table. After he
had put the tablecloth down, he 8_ some
wine for us. We 9_it, but we didn't like it,
10
it.
and waited
so we
for our meal. At last, the waiter appeared with the food
we had 11__. Luckily, my son was in the
toilets at the time, because the waiter dropped the stew all over his chair as he was putting it on the table. We
12_the bill and leftthe restaurant without
13_a tip.
4 PRONUNCIATION word pairs with and
a    'Ij^iTV^fi? Listen and complete the sentences. 1 Can you pass the__, please?
2 Let's have_
3 Would you like some _ your meal?
4 Have you put_
_ for lunch.
.with
. on the salad?
for
5 Would you like a mug or a_
your tea?
b Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the sentences.
5 LISTENING
a >^ÍřM@ You are going to hear a radio programme giving advice about how to complain in a restaurant. Number the advice in the order you hear it.
I   I What to do in case you are ill
I   I How to make it even clearer that you aren't satisfied I   I Who to contact about the complaint the next day IT] When to make the complaint I   I How to make the complaint I   I Who to speak to in the restaurant if the complaint is ignored
b  Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 The key to making a successful complaint is to__.
2 You should be _
. and_
when you speak to the waiter. You shouldn't_
_, because it might
not be his or her fault.
4 If the waiter isn't helpful, you should speak
5 Always leave a tip, or the waiter might think you__.
6 In__, contact the
Citizen's Advice Bureau to take the matter further.
7 Contact the restaurant or the health department if you get_....._____....._.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
customer service	stock (noun) /stok/
/.kAstamafr) 's3:vis/	rail /reil/
cashier /kse'Jia/	hanger /'haerjo/
counter /'kaunto/	till /til/
inappropriate	trainee /trei'ni:/
/ina'prauprist/	
^ Jíl
■L
__-_____m
If God has allowed me to earn so much money, it is because he knows I give it all away.
Edith Piaf, French singer
1 VOCABULARY cash machines
Complete the instructions.
2 GRAMMAR phrasal verbs
a  Right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong phrases.
1 My gi rl fr iend picked me up from the airport when I came back. /
2 Their business was doing badly, so they down closed it.
X they closed it down
3 I've bought a home cinema system, but I don't know how to set it up.
4 Your music is too loud. Can you turn down it, please;?
5 I love chocolate, but I've given it up. I'm trying to lose weight.
6 My uncle is a butcher. He's just opened up a new shop.
7 I'm really busy. Can vou call back me later ?
8 You won't remember new words unless you write down them.
9 They've had a baby girl and they've named her after her grandmother.
10 I've bought a new picture. Can you help me put up it?
b  Rewrite the highlighted phrases with a pronoun. Change the word order if necessary.
1 Please can you take out the rubbish ?
take it out?
2 Do you mind if I switch on the lights ?
_?
3 I don't get on with my boyfriend's mother.
4 He's going out with my friend's sister.
5 I would send back that soup if 1 were you.
6 I've been look i n g a fter my friend's children.
7 Can you ask for the bill ?
_____?
8 Wby don't you try on those shorts ?
__?
9 John is going to move in with his girlfriend next month.
10 I'm going to throw away all my old magazines.
3 PRONUNCIATION linking
a    ®Pfit<3S Listen and complete the sentences.
1 If you want to watch the TV,_
2 If you like Anna,__
3 If you can't remember her name,_
4 Tf the children are still asleep,_
5 If you don't know the answer,_
6 If Jack comes,_____
b Listen again and repeat the sentences.
TIPS FOR USING A CASH MACHINE
1 Find a cash machine in a well-lit area. If the machine is out of service .you will have to look for another one.
2 I ■-yourcardinto the rnachine and choose a language.
3 E your PIN. Make sure no one else can see the number,
4 Select a transaction. If you want to take out money, press 'w      ; cash'.
5 Decide which account you want to use, e.g. c....._________account.
6 Select the amount you want. Press 'c
if you make a mistake, and start again.:
7 R the cash from the machine.?
8 If you want to put money;into your account, repeat steps 1 to 3 and press 'make a d
4 READING
a  Read the article once. Have you or has anyone you know ever been a victim of one of these scams?
b Read the article again and complete it with the missing sentences. There is one extra sentence that you do not need to use.
A When you approach an ATM, take the time to look around
for anything unusual near the machine. B Every time you go to take out money, you should be aware of
the people around you. C Try and use the same few cash machines whenever you want
to withdraw cash. D Check for any scratches, glue, tape, or other signs that
someone has altered something. E If your card doesn't come out of the machine, you should
call your bank immediately to cancel it.
Match the highlighted words and phrases in the text to the definitions below.
1 cover something so that it's not visible _
2 a long narrow opening, into which you can put something ______________
3 saw or noticed _
4 making something unable to move or work
5 walking into somebody by accident _
6 the busiest periods _
7 successfully take control of something that other people are also trying to control ______
8 take something very quickly _
9 people who cheat somebody in order to get money illegally _
Every year millions of pounds are stolen at UK cash machines. Here are four scams you need to look out for when you withdraw cash at an ATM.
__
1 SKIMMER ATTACHMENTS
These are devices that record your card details. They are usually attached over the slot where you enter your card. .■* _ '^'f ¥_%.__ The fraudsters paint the
-a-^-a n.   a. j.   _mm..........- .....
_ . ., * , skimmer the same colour as
,   , cash machine, so that
______ . ''*'r '■'.Z*\^C_1L°. ^ey are difficult to see. The
> _______t_%^ » i_mm first thing you should do when
you approach a cash machine is to check that there is
nothing unusual about the card slot. 1..........If you think
you've ^spotted* a skimming device, use your mobile phone to inform the police or ATM operator immediately. Warning other people in the queue is helpful as well.
3 CARD TRAPS
- Card traps work by jamming -..,,.(        your debit card in the machine, so that you cannot take it out again. While you're in the bank reporting what has happened, someone will come and remove the trap together with your card. The trap can be something as simple as a piece of X-ray film covered in glue and inserted into the card slot. Peak times for card trap fraudsters are Friday evenings when lots of people are withdrawing cash and when banks will be closed for a few days.3_________
2 HIDDEN CAMERAS
Fraudsters sometimes hide cameras near cash machines to capture your card details, and most importantly, your PIN. They are usually in places where you would not normally see them, such as in panels above the keyboard or in stands holding fake bank leaflets to the side of the machine. 2      Don't be afraid to remove anything you think might conceal' a hidden camera. If you have any doubts or concerns then report them to your bank immediately and move on to use another machine.
4 SUSPICIOUS BYSTANDERS
m This method of stealing your
mm
_ money is not as sophisticated as
the ones above, but it is still fairly common. It involves a person who distracts you while you are using the cash machine, so that they can snatch your card . .       ■_. B~v or cash without you realizing. _ , • ,    j.. Common techniques are dropping
something at your feet or bumping into] you in a seemingly
innocent way. 4_______If you see anybody hanging around,
you need to be extra careful. Either that, or go and look for another machine.
w mmummmmrm
5 VOCABULARY phrasal verbs
a Rewrite the phrases in bold using the correct form of a phrasal verb from the list.
break down  come round  come up with  give up keep on  make up take on turn up
1 Our car stopped working as we were driving to the beach.    broke down
2 She invented an excuse so that she wouldn't have to go to the party. _
3 They know they're going to lose, so they've stopped trying. _
4 Would you like to visit us for lunch on Saturday?
5 My company is employing ten new members of staff.
6 He thinks he's thought of a solution to the problem.
7 She continued running although she was in pain.
8 My boyfriend always appears an hour after he says he's going to. _
b Complete the dialogues with a phrasal verb containing the particle away or back and a verb from the list.
be     call     get     give fx2]     pay     put run
1 A Can you lend me €50?
B It depends. When can you   pay    me    back ?
2 A Is your girlfriend at home?
B No, she__until Sunday
night.
3 A Where's my new shirt?
B I_it_in your cupboard.
4 A What shall we do with these old books?
B Why don't we_________them__to
a charity shop?
5 A How long will your car be in the garage?
B I'll__it_on Friday.
6 A Can I speak to Grace, please?
B Sorry, she isn't in. Can you_
_later?
7 A Can I borrow your keys?
B Yes, but don't forget to_
them_.
8 A What would you do if a big dog came towards you?
B I'd__. I'm really scared
of dogs.
6 LISTENING
a    *$lir-i«33> You are going to listen to a review of a television programme. Answer the questions.
1 What is the name of the programme?
2 Who is Andrew Felton?
3 What do The Joshua Project, Little Heroes, and The Hidden Homeless Ltd have in common?
b Listen again and correct the mistakes.
1 The series is a period drama.
2 Andrew earned his money by playing football.
3 Andrew lived in a three-bedroom house while he was in Bradford.
4 The Joshua Project is aimed at old people.
5 While he was with Little Heroes, Andrew delivered some books to children.
6 The Hidden Homeless Ltd produces its own food.
7 During the programme Andrew laughed a lot.
8 At the end of the show, Andrew gave £28,000 to the children's cancer charity.
c  Listen again with the audio script on p. 74 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
insurance /m'Jbirons/
afford Moid/
bonus /'baunss/
invest /m'vest/
chain reaction  /tfein ri'aekjh/
charity /'tjaerati/
collect /ko'lekt/
account /a'kaunt/
project /'prod3ekt/
good deed  /god 'di:d/
A good film is when the price of the dinner, the cinema admission, and the babysitter were worth it.
Alfred Hitchcock, British film director
lliiiliiiii
■till!
-ft
1 READING
a  Read the article once and answer the questions.
1 Which event attracted the largest audience?
2 In which event did the organizers lose a large amount of money?
b Read the article again. Answer the questions with A, B, C, or D.
Which festival...
1 was not allowed to be held for a number of years?
2 had the greatest influence on the future of rock music?
3 was used by some bands and singers to make a lot of money?
4 was sponsored by a singer?
5 included singers in the programme who did not play?
6 did not charge an entrance fee?
7 had sixtv times more visitors in its third year?
8 was the last one its organizer was involved with? _
THE BIGGEST MUSIC EVENTS IN HISTORY
Musk festivals are huge these days - both in size and In popularity. However, the events attracting the largest crowds occurred when many of us had not even been born. Read on to find out more about four of the biggest concerts of all time.
A WOODSTOCK; 1969
The Woodstock Music & Art Fair changed the history of rock and roll for ever. It was the first time such a large crowd of music fans had gathered in one place. Around 400,000 people, many of them hippies, arrived on 15 August at a dairy farm in Bethel, New York to enjoy 'three days of peace and music'. Thefirstto arrive had purchased tickets, but the temporary fences were cut the day before the festival started, allowing thousands more to enter without paying. Legendary artists like Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Santana, and The Who were just a few of the 32 acts that appeared on stage that weekend. Others were prevented from performing, including John Lennon, who was refused an entry visa to the US, and Bob Dylan, who was in hospital with one of his children.
B ISLE OF WIGHT, 1970
Although Glastonbury is generally recognized as the biggest music festival in the UK (the Glastonbury Festival in 2013 attracted 135,000 visitors), this event was even bigger. The Isle of Wight Festival started in 1968, and it takes place annually on an island off the south coast of England. Around 10,000 people attended the first festival, which was quite modest compared to the crowd of 600,000 that turned up two years later. Some of them had tickets, but many people watched the event free from the large hill overlooking the site. The main attraction was the impressive line-up: Jimi Hendrix and The Who again, accompanied this time by Joni Mitchell, The Doors, Chicago, and Miles Davis, among others. Unfortunately, the unexpectedly high attendance led to the Isle of Wight Act of 1971, which banned gatherings of more than 5,000 people on the island. However, in 2002 the festival was revived and it has been expanding ever since.
C US FESTIVAL, 1983
This event was the second of two festivals organized by Steve Wozniak, one of the co-founders of Apple Computers. The 1983 festival was held in Devore, California from 28 May to 30 May and it featured exhibitions of cutting-edge technology, as well as music. All of the big names were there including U2, The Clash, The Ramones, and David Bowie. Despite attracting around 670,000 people, who each paid $37.50 for a three-day pass, Wozniak is estimated to have lost nearly $20 million from the festivals. This is mainly due to the massive fees charged by some of the main acts: David Bowie earned $1 million for his appearance, and Van Halen received $1.5 million. In contrast, The Clash refused to play unless the organizers and some of the other bands donated some money to charity.
D NEW YEAR'S CONCERT RIO, 1994
Instead of opting for a traditional venue like a football stadium, of which there are many in Brazil, the Scottish artist Rod Stewart decided to stagethis concert on Copacabana Beach. The event was held on 31 December and it was attended by an estimated three and a half million people. The reason why so many people went along was that the concert was completely free. The singer saw it as a gift to the poor people of Rio de Janeiro and as a way of giving something back to his multitude of fans. The best moment of the concert was when the crowd joined in with the superstar to count down the remaining seconds to the start of the New Year. Rod Stewart's 1994 New Year's concert in Rio appears today in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest free concert in history.
2 VOCABULARY live entertainment
3 PRONUNCIATION word stress
==3
- ^   ■  I - ■    ft >
a (jQirde) the correct answer.
1 Everybody clapped as the basketball players entered thetgreno)/ stage.
2 The audience j crowd were so moved when the play finished, there was a minute of complete silence.
3 The players left the pitch during the interval j half time.
4 The spectators jfans went wild when the band came on.
5 We were given a.plot j programme as we entered the theatre.
6 The first performance j scene of the play is set in an old castle.
7 The only seats left were upstairs in the stalls j circle. b Read the definitions and write the words.
1 a building where you go and see a play theatre
2 a person who plays against somebody o_
3 the place where the tickets for a play are sold b_o_
4 the number of points that somebody gets in a game sc_
5 the piece of cloth that covers the front of the stage c_
6 the sound a referee makes that indicates the end of a football match
f_ _ wh_
7 an afternoon performance of a play m_____
8 an additional playing period at the end of a match e___________t_
9 the pieces of paper that allow you to attend a play or sporting event
t_
a Underline the stress and then write the words in the chart.
arena  au|di|ence curltain  eivent in|ter|val maltilnee oplpolnent periforlmance proglramme specltajtors thelatre
Stress on first syllable	Stress on second syllable
	arena
	
	
	
	
	
b    'J^OTk, fi* Listen and check. Then listen and repeat (he wouls
4 GRAMMAR verb patterns
* ■ V -ft
1     h tiki ■ 1 -
■  ■ Jl
a vCj£cle) the correct answer.
1 My friends enjoy to dance j dance /(poncing), so they go clubbing every weekend.
2 I forgot to book / book j booking a table, and when we got to the restaurant, it was full.
3 We'll have to get a taxi because I can't to start J start j starting the car.
4 It's difficult to get up j get up j getting up early after a late night.
5 My sister hates not to see j not see j not seeing her boyfriend during the week.
6 To go j Go j Going to concerts can be very expensive.
7 We decided not to cook j not cook j not cooking last night and we ate out instead.
8 You must to wear j wear j wearing a suit if you want to make a good impression at your interview.
9 Amy is having a party to celebrate / celebrate j celebrating her birthday.
10 I'm fed up with to watch j watch j watching TV. Let's play cards instead.
06
b Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb from the list. Use infinitive with to, infinitive without to, or gerund.
be btty enjoy get changed  look after not see  steal  not take talk walk
1 Susan can't afford   to buy   a ticket for the Rolling Stones concert.
2 I don't mind___the children tonight so that
you can go out.
3 After they got home, they kept on_until
3 o'clock in the morning.
4 He pretended____us because he didn't want
to talk to us.
5 D on't wait up for me -1 might_home late.
6 I ended up__home because I'd missed the
last bus.
7 I suggested _
the children because the
film wasn't really suitable for them.
8 I suppose we ought_before we go out
tonight.
9 The man denied___my handbag although
it was found in his flat.
10 I didn't expect_
_the play as much as I did.
c  Complete the sentences to mean the same thing. Use the past simple form of the verbs.
1 He learned to speak Spanish from his girlfriend, (teach) His girlfriend    taught him to speak Spanish.
2 The doctor said that I should rest for a few days, (advise) The doctor____for a few days.
3 Sarah's boss said that she should apply for a promotion, (tell)
Sarah's boss_a promotion.
4 Mike's wife said that he should decorate the living room, (ask)
Mike's wife___the living room.
5 The police officer shouted 'stop' at me. (order) The police officer____.
6 We asked our neighbours if they would like to come round for dinner, (invite)
We____for dinner.
7 My parents said we could stay out till 1.00 a.m. (allow) My parents____until 1.00 a.m.
8 I hoped that the baby would be a girl, (want) I__a girl.
"     Sjf  "      m  " *---
a r m-
5 LISTENING
a    '^Hi-tflfvfi" You are going to hear a radio programme about Jon Jacobs, a man who has made half a million dollars by selling virtual property. Listen and match the names to the definitions.
[     1 Entropia Universe |     2 Neverdie |     3 Club Neverdie
1 —t ■
_I 4 Planet Calypso
5 John Forma Kalun
6 Rocktropia
a the person who bought part of the space station
b Jon Jacobs' space station in the game
c an online game
d Jon Jacobs' new venture
e Jon Jacobs'avatar
f the most important planet in the game Listen again and choose the right answer.
1 Jon Jacobs spends his time...
a  working and playing computer games.
b  advising gamers on how to invest their money.
c   making his own computer games.
2 Mr Jacobs got the money for the asteroid from... a   another player.
b  the bank, c   his family.
3 Mr Jacobs earned $200,000 a year from Club Neverdie.. a   because it had a lot of different shops.
b  because people went there to dance, c   because it attracted a lot of players.
4 The current record for the largest single virtual transaction is...
a $335,000. b $500,000. c $635,000.
5 Jon Jacobs sold Club Neverdie because he wanted to... a  develop anew computer game.
b   sponsor live music events.
c   do something new in the same game.
Listen again with the audio script on p. 74 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
live(adj) /laiv/	avatar /'aevata:/
unlike /An'laik/	sword /so:d/
critic /'kritik/	dragon /'draegan/
role play   /'raul p lei/	rob /rnb/
virtual reality	gamer /'gemra/
/,v3:tfu3l ri'sebti/	
TALKING ABOUT HOUSE RULES
Complete the dialogue.
A Is there1 anything I should know before I move in?
■ B Well, to 2s_with, it's a no-smoking house.
A That's not a 3p_. I don't smoke.
f B Secondly, we're all vegetarians, so you 4c_
: cook meat or leave meat products in the fridge, 5T OK. Anything 6e________?
B No, but is there 7a_
you need to know? _I connect my laptop
A There is one thing. 8Co_......._
to your Wi-fi? B  Sure. The password is sweethome, all one9 w A Got it. That's great.
SOCIAL ENGLISH
Complete the dialogues with the phrases in the box.
Any news?    Did you get that    I hope so I'll keep trying   It's all such a mess
1 A What about your interview?   Any news ?
if- B' I didn't get the job.
A That's disappointing.
B I know, but _.
f('2: A When are you going to tell your dad about failing
i your exaros? ■
B I don't know.
A Do you think he'll understand?
B _. I just don't know.
3 A Go straight on, take the first road on your right and
;/> then the second on your left.______?
B Yes, first right and second left.
READING
Read the article and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 In the past, fewer people in their thirties and
forties rented flats or houses. _
2 Sometimes tenants have to pay bills as well as
their rent. _
3 Under a joint tenancy agreement, tenants who
don't pay the rent have to move out. _
4 Landlords and tenants often disagree over
paying for things to be mended. _
5 Tenants should photograph any broken items at
the end of the contract. _
iENTING
V YOUR RIGHTS
Students have always lived in rented accommodation, but now they are being joined by people in their thirties and forties who cannot afford to buy their own place. Arguments are common between the landlord, who owns the flat, and the tenants, who live there, but you can avoid these by reading the following tips.
Don't ignore the small print
You will have to sign a contract called a tenancy agreement when you move in to your rented house or flat.
Before you sign any kind of agreement, you should read it through first. Check that it includes all the relevant information, especially whether the rent includes bills, such as water and electricity. You also need to know whether you can leave before the contract finishes and if so, when you should tell the landlord.
Housemate troubles
With a joint tenancy agreement, each person in the house has equal rights to remain there and you can't make anyone leave. One of the most common problems is money, because all of the tenants share responsibility for the rent. This means that if one person doesn't pay, the law says that the other tenants have to cover the unpaid rent between them. Unfortunately, it isn't often easy to get the money back from the person who didn't pay.
Keep good records
It is much easier to solve a dispute if you have proof of payment, so you should always put bills in a safe place. This is especially important when you eventually come to move out. The question of repairs is often a reason for disagreement between landlords and tenants, so make sure you keep the receipts for any items you have replaced. Don't forget to take photos of anything that was broken when you moved in, so that you can prove that you are not responsible for the damage.
When it's time to leave
Most tenants have to pay a deposit when they move in to rented accommodation to cover any damage they may cause. The law says that the landlord should give back your deposit within ten days if you both agree on the amount. Disputes often occur over the definition of the word 'damage'. The landlord cannot keep your deposit because of damage caused by ordinary use, but he can if you burn a hole in something.
b  J ,ook at the highlighted words and expressions. What do you think they mean? Check your ideas in your dictionary.
1 VOCABULARY
looking after yourself
a  Look at the photos and complete the sentences.
1 He's doing s^imung_.
2 He'sl____w_
*   a    * „         w *
4-
3 He's doing s_ u_
4 He's doing pr_
5 She's using a r_ m_
6 They're using cr_ tr_.
7 They're doing a_
8 She's doing P__
9 She's str_
b Unscramble the words to form beauty treatments. Then complete the advert.
f"-
AQUAMARINE DAY SPA
We have the ideal beauty treatments for you.
Too many late nights?
A1   facial   will make your skin glow, (CAFILA)
Back pain?
Why not have a 2_? (AGSAMES)
Messy nails?
We'll give you a 3_. (RAICEMUN)
Thinking of wearing sandals?
Have a 4_....._. (EDUERIPC)
Getting ready for summer?
We are experts in 5_. (NAGWIX)
Consult our prioes for a whole leg or half a leg.
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.i   l\i ul iIk .ii Hi k <>iK~i ^\ IulIi due nii»ups \\ ui IihiihI u> Ik
1 tile 111USL hl_J.llll-LOUSLlOllS? _
2 the least health-conscious? _
A 18-29s B 30-39s
C 40-49s D 50-59s
b Read the article again. Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 Adults of different ages took part in the Gym Group study.
2 Over 50% of adults aged 18-29 said they didn't eat enough healthy food.
3 People in the older groups said that they felt healthiest at the age of 29.
4 Very few of the adults aged 18-29 were prepared to do anything to lead a healthier lifestyle.
5 Adults in their fifties smoked more than those in their forties.
6 20% of adults in their thirties said they did exercise four or five times a week.
7 People often start leading a healthier lifestyle when their children tell them to.
8 The best time to start making your lifestyle healthier is in your early thirties.
r
THE MOST HEALTH-CONSCIOUS AGE
A study of 2,000 adults in the UK has been able to determine at which age British people are most conscious about their health. The survey was commissioned by the Gym Group in order to find out the profile of potential customers. The adults in the study were divided into groups according to their age and each person was given a questionnaire. The data was analyzed, and the results of the study have just been published.
Adults aged 18-29 were found to be the least health-conscious of all the groups. Many of them admitted that they did not get enough exercise, and more than half claimed to not eat enough healthy food. Of all the groups, they were the least likely to eat enough fruit and vegetables. Instead, they preferred takeaway food, with a quarter having two takeaways a week. Adults in their thirties, forties, and fifties agreed with this finding, stating that they felt least healthy aged 29.
What is more, only 15 per cent of adults in their twenties said they wanted to do something to change their unhealthy lifestyle.
However, it was not only the youngest participants in the study that owned up to bad habits; adults in their forties also revealed their vices. The results showed that they were the heaviest smokers, followed by those in their fifties. And forty-somethings were also shown to be the heaviest drinkers, with the average 40-49 year old consuming nine units of alcohol a week.
So which age group was the healthiest? The study found that it was people in their thirties. The 30-39 age group was found to exercise most frequently, with one in five visiting a local gym or sports club four to five times a week. In addition to being fitter than the other groups, adults in their thirties also said that they consumed a balanced diet. When asked the main reason for wanting to keep in shape, a quarter of them said it was because of starting a family.
A spokesperson for the Gym Group said that people seemed to have a wake-up call about healthy living when they started approaching middle age. She explained that you can get away with not doing as much exercise, having late nights, and eating too much junk food when you are in your twenties. But as you pass your 30th birthday, people tend to put on weight, and it isn't as easy to spend all night partying. She added that this was the ideal age to address your lifestyle and to question your fitness levels and diet.
m   m  *      p_k a
_   - m
■n ■■ w
c  Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions below.
1 stay physically fit _
2 ate the correct amount of each food type
3 knowing that your health is important _
4 something which makes people realize that they have a problem _
5 possible in the future _
6 bad habits _
7 the most improbable _
8 formally requested (a piece of work)
9 admitted doing something wrong _ 10 people in their forties _
3 GRAMMAR have something done
a (Circle) the correct answer.
1 A Can you take my suit to the dry cleaner's
tomorrow?
B But you only cleaned it j(juidit cleaned) last month!
A I know, but I got oil on it yesterday.
2 A I'm going to cut my hair / have my hair cut this
afternoon. B Which hairdresser's do you go to? A Andrew's in the high street. He's very good.
3 A We're fitting a new bathroom / We're having a
new bathroom fitted at the moment. B  Who's doing the work for you? A We're doing it ourselves. My husband is a
plumber.
4 A I can't read this menu. The letters are too small. B You should test your eyes j have your eyes tested. A You're right. Do you know any good opticians?
5 A I went to the supermarket this morning.
B Did you deliver the shopping j have the shopping delivered?
A Yes. They brought it just before lunch.
6 A We're going to paint the living room j have the
living room painted next week. B Are you going to do it yourself? A Yes, my husband and I will do it. We can't
afford to pay someone to do it.
7 A These are great photos.
B Yes. Let's make some prints j have some prints made.
A Good idea. I'll copy them onto a CD and take it to the photo shop tomorrow.
b  Complete the sentences with the correct form of have something done.
1 I'm staying with my in-laws because I'm having my flat
redecorated     (my flat / redecorate)
2 I got a new passport last week, so I had to_
professionally, (my photo / take)
3 How often_you_at the
hairdresser's? (your hair / dye)
4 They_before the journey, and they
broke down on the way. (their car / not service)
5 My neighbour has lost her keys, so she needs to _. (the locks / change)
6 _you__or did you buy a
new one? (your TV / repair) 7 I_never__
. I don't
believe in fortune-telling, (my fortune / tell)
8 My boyfriend_twice a month at the
local garage, (his car / wash)
4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress
a    @Jirt,@ Listen and write the sentences.
2
3
4
5
b Listen again and repeat the sentences.
5 VOCABULARY at the hairdresser's
Complete the sentences.
blow dry     dyed     fringe     highlights parting ponytail     straightened trim
1 Jo's hair gets in her eyes because her   fringe   is too long.
2 My mother-in-law likes to look smart, so she has a____
once a week.
3 I have blonde_done every two or three months.
4 I think her husband's had his hair_. It used to
be almost grey, but now it's dark brown again.
5 My dad combs his hair with a_to one side.
6 I didn't want my hair cut too much, so I only had a_
7 She ties her hair back in a__when she's playing
tennis, so that it won't get in the way.
8 My hair's naturally curly, but I often have it_
when I go to the hairdresser's.
6 LISTENING
a ^Sl3^!^ Listen to a radio programme about five affordable spa holidays. Match the holiday resorts with the countries.
1 Maya Tulum Retreat & Spa
2 Spa Eastman
3 Lasko Thermal Spa Resort
4 Museum Spa Wellness Hotel
5 Fordoun Hotel & Spa
| | Slovenia
| | South Africa
| | Greece
| | Canada
| | Mexico
b Listen again and complete the table.
Resort	Main attraction
Maya Tulum Retreat & Spa	the1 of the resort
Spa Eastman	therapies involving different2
Lasko Thermal Spa Resort	traditional Hindu 3
Museum Spa Wellness Hotel	the historical 4
Fordoun Hotel & Spa	the5 rooms
c  Listen again with the audio script on p.75 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
well-being /wel'biarj/	handkerchief
spa /spa:/	/'haerjkatjif/
treatment	drip /drip/
/'triitmant/	put up with
aches and pains	/,put Vp wicV
/,eiks an 'pemz/	bearable /'bearabl/
blanket /'blsenkit/	sting /stin/
"mr,
History will be kind to me, because I intend to write it.
Winston Churchill, former British Prime Minister
1 VOCABULARY history
Read the definitions and write the words.
1 to use physical strength, guns, weapons, etc. against somebody
fight
2 the military forces of a country that are trained to fight on land
a__........_
3 a person who is in charge of a group of people or a country
1_
4 a situation when two or more countries are fighting each other
w_
5 to use weapons against somebody a_
6 a country that has a king or queen m_____
7 a fight, especially between armies in a war b_
8 action taken by a large group of people to try and change the government of a country
9 fighting between groups of people who live in the same country
c___w_
10 success in a battle
v.............____
2 PRONUNCIATION the letters ar
a (CIrcfethe word where ar is pronounced differently.
1 dark start iwjirj
2 afterwards avatar standard
3 army towards wardrobe
4 bargain farmer monarchy
5 quarter parting reward
6 charger harvest warning
b    flJBifflfll? Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
3 GRAMMAR the passive; impersonal you
a  Complete the second sentence in the passive. Use by only where necessary.
1 They built the castle in the sixteenth century. The castle    was built in the sixteenth century .
2 They give guided tours in German, French, and Spanish.
Guided tours _ _ _
You can buy tickets for the play online. Tickets for the play_
Has pollution affected the ruins? _the ruins_
5 They weren't using the hall, so we could go in.
The hall_:_.
6 I hate security guards watching me.
I hate_.
7 They have to handle the exhibits with care.
The exhibits_.
8 We were relieved that they hadn't cancelled our flight. We were relieved that our flight
9 The Mayor is opening the new museum.
The new museum_.
10 When will the government hold the next elections? When__?
Tick (</) the sentences that contain impersonal you or your. Put a cross (X) if the use of you is not impersonal.
1 Hurry up! You're going to be late. _X_
2 You aren't allowed to take photos here. j/
3 Where can you buy stamps near here? _
4 Did you enjoy the tour of the cathedral? _
5 Reading is good for your vocabulary. _
6 Have you ever been to Stonehenge? _
7 Taxi drivers sometimes take you by the longest route. _
8 I saw your girlfriend at the airport yesterday. _
9 You didn't tell me you had a degree in history. _
10 Soft drinks are bad for your teeth. _
4 READING
Look at the list of key places. Where are they and why are they important in the history of mankind? Read the article and check your answers.
1 Great Eastern Rift Valley
2 Yellow River
3 Los Alamos
Three key places in the history of mankind
Choosing the most significant places in history is not an easy task when there are so many options. The following are three that deserve to come somewhere near the top of the list.
A Great Eastern Rift Valley
This enormous valley runs through Tanzania and Kenya, and it is where the human story really begins. It is where the earliest signs of Homo sapiens and its predecessors have been found. The discovery has led scientists to propose that all the races in the world began in East Africa. They believe that a great migration started around 70,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens began to move out of Africa and across the rest of the world. The most important prehistoric remains have been found at Olduvai, a gorge in Tanzania that stretches for 48 km. There is a museum at Olduvai which contains some of the items that have been found in the area. Several travel companies include a day-trip to the Olduvai Gorge on the itinerary of their safaris in the Serengeti National Park. Visitors are only allowed to walk around the excavation site at certain times of the year, so you are advised to check your dates before you book.
■Hill
B Yellow River
Rivers were absolutely vital for human social development, and this one is no exception. The Yellow River, or 'Huang He' as it is called in Chinese, rises in the Bayan Har Mountains in western China and flows for nearly 5,500 kilometres to the Bohai Sea in the east. It is on the banks of the river, principally in the Wei Valley, that we find the beginning of Han Chinese civilization. Around 2,200 years ago, tribes and villagers were forced to work together in order to dig channels to stop the regular flooding of the river. Out of their cooperation, the Han dynasty was born. Its birth occurred at roughly the same time as the start of the Roman Empire, and the parallels between the two are remarkable, in spite of the enormous distance that lies between them. Travel companies run 10-day or 14-day tours of the river starting in Beijing, but most of these involve long bus or train journeys.
G Los Alamos
Los Alamos is the site of the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in New Mexico, USA, the place where the first atomic bombs were created. The weapons were developed by the United States' Manhattan Project, and they were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in the final stages of the Second World War. At the time, the existence of the laboratory was a secret. The leader of the project was the American physicist Robert Oppenheimer, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. After the event, he spent the rest of his life wondering whether he had done the right thing. LANL is still a working institution, so most of it is closed to the public. However, tourists can visit the town itself, which has a population of around 12,000 inhabitants. Good places to learn about Los Alamos are the Bradbury Science Museum in the town centre and the Los Alamos Historical Society nearby.
Read the article again. Answer the questions with the letter of the paragraph.
In which place...
1 did scientists work together to create something? _
2 do visitors have to do a lot of travelling? _
3 did scientists find the first humans? _
4 did a group of people decide to leave and travel to new places? _
5 are visitors not welcome? _
6 did one important civilization begin at the same time as another? _
7 were there problems because of too much rain? _
8 do visitors have to plan their trip carefully? _
9 did one man regret his actions later? _
Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions below.
1 the parts of something that are left _
2 asking yourself_____
3 people or things that come before others in time____
4 (of a river) begins to move _
5 during the last part _
6 when it rains a lot and the water in rivers comes out over the land _
7 a narrow valley with steep sides that usually has a river running through it _
8 (of water) moves continuously in one direction
5 LISTENING
9 arms, e.g. guns, knives, etc. 10 not exactly, approximately
USEFUL WORDS
AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
soldier /'s3uld3s/ bullet /'bulit/ battlefield /'baetlfkld/ cannon /'kaenan/ rifle /'raifl/
make it back (to base)   /,meik it 'bask/
historical site   /hi'stDrikl sait/
tomb /tuim/
be buried   /bi 'berid/
be crowned   /bi 'kraund/
"v
s3B
vilyjM..-. You are going to hear five people describing where they were at the time of five historical events. Match the speakers to the events. There is one event you do not need to use.
Speaker 1 _ A Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Speaker 2 _. B Moon Landing
Speaker 3 _ C End of Apartheid in South Africa
Speaker 4 _ D Indian Ocean Tsunami
Speaker 5 _ E Fall of the Berlin Wall
F 9/11 Terrorist Attack
Listen again and complete the sentences.
1 After the event, Speaker 1 noticed that... a   the car ferries had stopped running.
b   there were a lot of foreign visitors in his town, c   the shops had closed earlier than usual.
2 20 July 1969 is an important date for Speaker 2 because... a  his best friend got married.
b   she and her husband witnessed a big storm, c   two memorable events happened.
3 The event described by Speaker 3 happened... a  before his flight departed.
b   while his plane was in the air. c   after he had landed.
4 Speaker 4 found out about the event...
a   during a phone call with her husband, b   before she left for work, c   when she arrived at school.
5 Speaker 5 read about the event when... a   she was cooking lunch at home.
b   she was travelling to Thailand, c   she was visiting family.
Listen again with the audio script onp.75 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
1 -
I always have trouble remembering three things: faces, names, and -1 can't remember what the third thing is.
Fred Aden, American comedian
1 GRAMMAR reported speech
a  Right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct the wrong phrases.
1 She told the doctors she didn't remember her name. /
2 He said he may forget my bi rthday, and he did! X he might forget
3 Lizzie told her husband she has never been to Paris.
4 The manager told us it wouldn't happen again.
5 You said you must stay in last night.
6 Olga's son told her he's studying in his room.
7 I said that I hadn't ever lived abroad.
8 She told me she was writing her dissertation this summer.___
9 You said you won't be late for d inner.
10 They told mc they weren't going to sell their house after all. _
b Complete the sentences using reported speech.
1 They told us, 'You can stay here until the end of the month.'
They told us    we could stay there until the end of the month
2 He told me,' I was busy last week.'
He told me____.
3 My parents said, 'We've booked a flight for next month.' My parents said_.
4 She asked him,'Must you go now?'
She asked him_.
5 Dan said, 'I'm working late tonight.'
Dan said__.
6 I said, T don't like this restaurant.'
I said______.
7 My girlfriend said, 'You didn't call me yesterday.'
My girlfriend said__.
8 I asked my b oyfriend, 'Are you coming tomorrow?'
I asked my boyfriend_____.
c  Complete the sentences using reported speech.
1 'Can you give me your phone number, please?' He asked me   to give him my phone number .
2 'Go to bed.'
Denise told her children_
3 'Where did you learn to speak English?'
The interviewer asked me_
4 'Do you understand the instructions?'
The teacher asked us_
5 'Don't call me at work.'
Lisa asked her boyfriend________
6 'What time will you be home?'
My husband asked me__
7 'Please make less noise.'
My neighbour asked us____
8 'Don't forget your doctor's appointment.'
John's wife told him._
2 READING
a  Read the article quickly. Do you use any of these techniqxies?
b Read the article again and answer the questions with A, B, C,orD.
Which technique...
1 is the best for remembering lists of words?
2 was invented by one individual?
3 involves transforming numbers into letters?
4 is the best for remembering things that happened a long time ago?
5 makes something easier to remember by dividing it into bits?
6 is the best for remembering PINs?
7 is named after a Latin word?
8 is best for remembering phone numbers?
Memory techniques
Some methods for remembering information date back centuries and are still useful today. In fact, you may have used some of them yourself! The following are four of the most common memory techniques.
A THE METHOD OF LOCI
■ I
A-
----- .
This technique for improving your memory was originally used in ancient Rome and Greece. With this method, you use famiJiar locations, like your own home, in order to remember a list of items, such as a things-to-do list. If 'buy milk' was the first thing on your list, you might imagine coming home from work and seeing some milk bottles outside the front door. If the second thing is 'post birthday card', you then picture the letterbox on the door as you walk into the house with your milk bottles.
C THE PYTHAGORAS METHOD
Pythagoras is best known as a mathematician, but it seems he was also busy developing a technique to improve memory. Apparently, every night he recalled what happened during that day to help him remember these events in as much detail as possible. After a while, he could recall more than one day at once, which helped him retain these events for months or even years. This method is just as applicable' today, as your teachers know well. That's why they keep telling you to study for exams weeks ;in advance.
B THE CHUNKING TECHNIQUE
This method is most often r .   used for memorizing long sets
■ ■■■■■■» —» » - -   of numbers or for the spelling
■ ■   ■   ■   ■   ■   b j^^mr  91   *   v gc
...■«.«»   of complicated words. With » —- - ^     .......   the chunking technique,
""T™~\      « ■ - -       yQU can breakdown a huqe ,       ,. „   amount of information into !, ■■ •' -   smaller parts, or chunks.
1 m ™* Apparently, it is then easier to
■ ■ • i ■-—»     recall this information when
* * ' *7~™* '*  you need it. For example, if
--1  someone tells you that their
phone number is 0044 1614960998, and you don't have a pen and paper to note it down, you can memorize it in chunks like this: 00 - 44 - 16 - 14 - 96 - 09 - 98.
D USING MNEMONICS
People use mnemonics for \   all kinds of things, but they «_,»■ are particularly useful for
memorizing your PIN. We are constantly told that we must not write our PIN down on a piece of paper, so how are you supposed to remember it? One of the easiest ways is
___________ to associate the numbers with
i  the letters of the alphabet, so —™ !  that 1 = A, 2 = B, and so on.
You can then use the letters - in order - to make a four-word sentence in which each word begins with each of the letters. For example, the letters representing the PIN 3825 would be
- i
■nma J
ü I
+
■Kl rv-H*> I
CHBE, so your sentence could be 'Cats Have Big Eyes'.
c  Match the ihighlightcd words and phrases in the text to the definitions below.
1 well known to you _
2 separate something into different parts _
3 relevant__
4 very old, belonging to a distant period of history
5 imagine something visually _
6 words, sentences, poems, etc. that help you to remember something _
7 keep in your memory _
8 before a particular time _
9 make a connection between things in your mind _
3 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
word families
a  Complete the sentences using a word in the same word family as the verb in brackets.
1 My husband has a terrible    memory   for names, (remember)
2 I used to be awful at history because it was so hard for me to_____dates, (remember)
3 The politician's___were fascinating - she
4 LISTENING
had such an interesting life, (remember)
4 We laid some flowers at the war______
main square, (remember)
5 My grandmother is extremely _
in the
.She
often doesn't know what day of the week it is. (forget)
6 The most__day of my life is probably the
day my son was born, (remember)
7 The concert was__. It's the best one of his
I've ever been to. (forget)
b Write the answers from a in the chart.
Stress on first syllable	Stress on second syllable	Stress on third syllable
memorv		
		
		
c    ,(fQPl|3$ Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
\
<5*
Iff ft?flS3?» You are going to hear a radio programme about a competition called the World Memory Championships. Listen and number the information in the order you hear it.
| | the first competition
| | the current world champion
| | the events in the competition
| | the venue
| | the first world champion
| | the competitors
Listen again and answer the questions.
1 When will the next World Championships
take place? _
2 How many disciplines are there? _
3 How long does it take Simon Reinhard to remember the order of a pack of cards? _
4 How many numbers did Johannes Mallow remember in 15 minutes? _
5 How many times has Dominic O'Brien
been world champion? ___
6 How many packs of cards can Dominic remember the order of? _
7 When was the first competition held? _
8 What nationality were the founders? _
9 How many different countries take part? _
10 Where is the competition usually held? _
c  Listen again with the audio script on p. 76 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES	
Learn the words and phrases.	
remind /n'mamd/	realize /'nolaiz/
reset /rh'set/	occur /o'ka:/
long-term   /lorj 't3im/	fade /feid/
short-term   /Jbit 't3:m/	cope (with) /kaup/
snap /snffip/	classify /'klassifai/
llllltlil Elllllill
My father always wanted to be the corpse at every funeral, the bride at every wedding, and the baby at every christening.
Alice Roosevelt, daughter of American ex-President Theodore Roosevelt
1 GRAMMAR uses of the past perfect
a (Circlg) the correct verb form, past simple, or past perfect.
Last year, my best friend Xqsked)/ had asked me to be the; best man at his wedding. I agreed, although I2was never / had never been a best man before. The week before the wedding, my'friend 3 foW/ had told me what I would have to do on the day and 4gave / had given me strict instructions not to forget the wedding rings. On the morning of the wedding, I Bwoke up [had woken up late because my alarm 6 didn't go off/ hadn't gone off. My girlfriend arrived to pick me up before \ffinished / had V • finished getting dressed. She 8 waited/had waited in the : kitchen while I put on my suit and then we 9drove/ haddriven together tothe town hall. My friend asked me if 110 remembered /had remembered the rings almost as.soon as he 11 saw/had seen me. Of course, in my rush to get ready 112forgot /had forgotten about them completely. I3ut I needn't have worried, because my girlfriend13 came /had come to my rescue. She v'saw / had'seen the rings on the kitchen table, and she '■■put/ had put them safely in her handbag. I don't know who was more relieved, my friend or me!
Complete the third conditional sentences. Use the correct form of the verb: past perfect or would have + infinitive.
1 We didn't go by taxi. We were late.
We wouldn't have been late    if we'd gone by taxi .
2 I didn't wait another five minutes. I didn't see you. I'd have seen you if______.
3 Rick didn't use his satnav. He got lost.
If Rick had used his satnav____
4 The bride's mother felt ill. She went home. The bride's mother wouldn't have gone home if
5 You didn't look after your mobile phone. You lost it. You wouldn't have lost your mobile phone if
6 The dress was in the sale. Lily bought it. Lily wouldn't have bought the dress if
7 They didn't invite us to their wedding. We didn't go. We_________if they'd invited us.
8 You left the door open. The cat got out. If you hadn't left the door open,
VOCABULARY weddings
Complete the crossword.
		1					2							
														
					3									
			4											
													5	
	6													
7									8					
														
											9			
									10					
														
														
11														
														
														
Clues across
1 A social occasion for women only that is held shortly before a woman's wedding day.
3 A small boy who helps or follows a woman at her wedding.
7 A woman on or just before her wedding day.
8 A formal talk given to a group of people.
10 People who are invited to a wedding.
11 The couple say T do'during this.
Clues down 4/
2 A public building where a marriage can take place.
4 A woman or girl who helps the woman who is getting married.
5 A party to celebrate a wedding.
6 A man on or just before his wedding day.
8 A social occasion for men only that is held for a man just before his wedding day.
9 A man who helps and supports the man who is getting married.
_#fc:
1
3 READING
a  Read the article once and match photos 1-4 to paragraphs A-D.
A wedding is a very special occasion, and everyone wants theirs to be perfect. But perfection varies from one country to another. Here's a look at some of the wedding traditions celebrated all over the world.
tfjH^-^^. ■■ n8.. ■"■"VrTf-fT
A
In a contemporary Japanese wedding, on the day the bride and groom first go to a beauty salon where the bride is often painted white from head to toe. Then they are both dressed. The bride wears a kimono and a wig, and chooses a headdress. When they are ready, the couple proceeds to the religious wedding ceremony. A Shinto priest leads the ceremony, which is followed by a reception. During the reception, the bride changes clothes several times. The three most important parts of the wedding are the drinking of sake, which takes place during the religious ceremony and during the reception, the speeches, and finally, the ceremonial lighting of a candle. Before the religious ceremony, the couple has to sign some state documents which make them husband and wife.
B KOQi^Q
When a young Maasai man takes an interest in a girl, he goes to praise her and puts a chain around her neck. Some time later, he brings honey to the girl's mother and then he asks the women of his tribe to make beer from some more honey for his future father-in-law. When the future father-in-law has finished drinking the beer, the young man states his intention to marry the daughter. After that he brings the family gifts. On the day of the wedding, the groom brings the bride's 'price': three black cows and two sheep. The bride's head is shaved and decorated with beautiful beads, and she is led to her husband's home. On arrival, she is blessed with fresh milk and is given a cow of her own. She wears her wedding beads and clothes for three more days, then puts on her usual clothes, and finally, the bride and groom are husband and wife.
C uMJQSfc)
A Mexican wedding ceremony traditionally takes place in a church. Family and friends play an important role in the tradition. A close family member or friend is chosen to carry the lasso, which is a traditional, decorated rope that is placed around the couple's necks while they say their vows. Another person carries 13 coins which symbolize the joint finances of the couple. One woman is chosen as the person who will always help and advise the bride. Other relatives and friends carry wine glasses for the wedding toast. At the reception, which follows the religious ceremony, the guests take part in the 'money dance', where they dance with the couple and pin some money on their clothes. The newLy-weds then use this money to set up their new life together.
D Gto®^®
in Morocco, the wedding ceremony typically lasts several days. A group of older women called negaffa play an important role in preparing the bride for her wedding day. First, they give her a purifying bath, and then they decorate her hands and feet with floral and geometrical henna designs to bring good luck. Black make-up is applied to her eyes and she is dressed in her richly decorated wedding dress and heavy jeweLlery. On the wedding day, plenty of delicious food is prepared and men and women sit separately, chatting and eating snacks while they wait for dinner to arrive. Guests can only start eating their dinner after the bride and groom have visited their table to break the bread. Before the bride becomes the mistress of her new home, she has to walk around her new house three times.
b Read the article again and choose the right answer.
1 In Japan, a couple are officially married... a   when the religious ceremony is over.
b  before the religious ceremony, c   after the reception.
2 On the day of a Maasai bride's wedding,... a   she gives a present.
b  she leaves her parents' house, c   she drinks a special drink.
3 In Mexico, all the guests... a   pay for the wedding.
b  give presents to the bride and groom, c   participate in the wedding.
4 In a Moroccan wedding, the bride... a  wears a flowery wedding dress, b   doesn't put her own make-up on.
c   serves dinner to the guests with the groom.
c  Match the highlighted words in the text to the definitions below.
1 create or start doing something _
2 a covering made of real or false hair that you wear on your head _
3 a group of people from the same background and upbringing who usually live in a small area and are led by a chief__
4 decorated with pictures of flowers______________
5 a couple who have recently got married_____
6 formal and serious promises to do something
5 LISTENING
7 say something nice to someone to express your admiration _
8 removing harmful or dirty substances _
4 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress
a    ®°raa® Listen and complete the sentences.
1 When the bride arrived, she realized that __ her bouquet.
2 You said that_the invitation.
3 If_about the roadworks, they
would have taken the train.
4 We would have arrived on time if _lost.
5 As soon as he saw her, he knew that _something wrong.
b Listen again and repeat the sentences.
a   ^fflP^Sfl Listen to five speakers talking about memorable events at a foreign wedding. Tick (/) the speakers who enjoyed the weddings and put a cross (X) if they didn't enjoy them.
Speaker 1 Q Speaker 3 Q    Speaker 5 Q
Speaker 2 Q Speaker 4 Q
b Listen again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false).
1 Speaker 1 was upset when she was advised to
take her garland off. _
2 Speaker 2 nearly missed his own wedding. _
3 Speaker 3 got stressed while the photos were
being taken. _
4 Speaker 4 watched his cousin give gifts to all the wedding guests. _
5 Speaker 5 is glad that she gave away her dress. _
c  Listen again with the audio script onp.76 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
be engaged  /bi m'gerdsd/ have the nerve   /hov do 'n3iv/ go through with  /goo '6rui wiö7 desperate /'desporot/ take risks   /teik 'risks/ reach /riitj/
thief (pi thieves)   /Qui/ /Biivz/
4P
I) "All
GIVING DIRECTIONS IN A BUILDING
Complete the dialogue.
Son•■-•■:-:.'v Mum, where are you? ^Mother:*.4'ra4i>yoUrfather'sroom in hospital. Where are you?
Outside the main entrance. Which
Son
Mother OK, 2w
way
is Dad's room?
up the ramp to the main doors. Go 3thr the doors and
tt_hgo:4str_
. ahead.
Son ~:It says 'cafeteria'. Are you sure this is the Mother
/way?
.the cafeteria
Son Mother
Son Mother
Son
Yes, I'm sure. Go sp and ;t      ;. right. OK,NowTm in a long corridor.
That's right. Now 8c__on
straight aldhg the corridor, then go ;)u the stairs and turn left,
rfrri in ahbther corridor.
that's right. Now, head 10t_
the end o? the corridor and you "sh. see some numbers on the
doors. Your father is in Room 212. OK... Wait a moment... Here it is - 212. Hi Dad! 1 low are you feeling?
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
Complete the dialogues with a phrase from the box.
Goodness knows   I just wish you were here I must admit   It's great to have you back
, 1 A Phew, what ajourney! But we're here, at last.
B Great._ , Iwas
beginning to wonder if you would ever arrive.
2 A
B It's lovely to be here, 3 A Did you get lost on the way?
B Yes._ what would
have happened if we hadn't had satnav.
4k:A; I miss you so much!:_
all the time. ... ft;jyie,:too. .>*'.
3 READING
a  Read the tips and answer the questions.
1 If someone asks you for directions, what will they find useful on paper?
2 What other information about their destination should you give them?
3 Which word should you only use in the context of direction?
4 What information should you give them if they have to stay on the same road for a long time?
5 What two things shouldn't you do when giving directions in a car?
How to dive directions
Start by giving the destination address and make sure the person writes it down, A postal address is the easiest way to find a location, and if the person gets lost en route, they could use other resources to find their way.
Think of the simplest route. Shortcuts may be faster, but they can also be more difficult! If the person is lost or hasn't got a very good sense of direction, tell them the easiest way to go.
Use buildings or the names of shops to indicate where the person needs to turn off the main road.
Use the word right only in reference to the turning direction. Try to give directions such as Turn left immediately after the light', not Turn left right after the light.' This language can be confusing for a person who is trying to remember which direction to turn,
Specify time or distance. If the person has to stay on the same road for some time, tell them how long their journey should take, for example: it'll take you about 15 minutes. If the journey is going to be quite long, tell them how far they have to go, for example: it's about five kilometres.
If you are guiding someone while they are driving, give directions in a clear, calm voice. Indicate where the driver should go early enough to give him or her plenty of time to understand, plan, and safely carry out his or her next move. Do not shout. Shouting directions may cause the driver to react quickly, without taking time to do so safely.
Do not point and say things like, 'there it is' or 'go that way.' The driver cannot pay attention to their driving and look at which way you are pointing at the same time. Instead, say things like, 'It is on the left, about 100 metres down the road,' or 'Turn left at the next corner.'
b Look at the highlighted words and expressions. What do you think they mean? Check your ideas in your dictionary.
There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right in America.
8/71 Clinton, American ex-President
s *:/ - W*i(F^\fi?jj! t ,   ; •    - <
1 GRAMMAR be, have, and do: auxiliary and main verbs
a  Look at the use of the be, have, and do in the sentences. Mark the sentences MV (main verb) or AV (auxiliary verb).
1 New York City was briefly the US capital from 1789 to 1790. MV
2 George Washington was made US President there.
3 Today, there are hundreds of things to do in New York City. _
4 The city has over 4,000 street food stalls. _
5 More than 250 feature films are shot in New York annually. _
6 The New York subway doesn't close at night. _
7 Some of the subway musicians have played at Carnegie Hall. _
8 English isn't the only language that my family speak at home. _
((Circle) the correct form.
1 "We0^rtthave) j doesn't have any American friends.
2 I have / am nearly 30 years old.
3 We couldn't go out. It is j was raining.
4 My girlfriend isn't like j doesn't like football, so we never watch it on TV.
5 Do you do j Didyou do your homework before you went out last night?
6 Didyou j Have you heard the news? Sarah and Martin are getting married!
7 Clare isn't often j doesn't often late. She usually arrives on time.
8 I can't give you a lift. My car is being / is been repaired.
9 You're back! Had you / Didyou have a good holiday? 10 Have you j Hadyou read the book before you saw the
film?
Complete the dialogues with the correct form of be, have, or do.
1 A Who is America named after?
B I__know. I_absolutely no idea
2 A__ you cold?
B Yes. I. 3 A _
_bring a jacket.
. your boyfriend have a car? _never learned to drive.
_ you doing on the internet
B No. He_
4 A What_
last night?
B  Chatting with some friends. They_
coining to stay next month.
5 A _ _ your car already been repaired
when you went to pick it up ? B No, it_still in the garage.
6 A _you having a party this weekend?
B Yes,_
7 A _
_you want to come?
_you had your eyes tested recently?
B No, but I_seeing the optician next week.
8 A Why_your flight cancelled?
B Because of bad weather. They__put me
on another flight for tomorrow.
9 A _anyone seen my phone charger?
B Yes, it_in my room, sorry.
10 A _you call me last night?
B No, it ____me.
2 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress
a    ^WjfirtSjS Listen and write the sentences. 1_____.
2_____....._______?
3__________.
4_________?
5_____________.
6_________?
b Listen again and repeat the sentences.
3 READING
a  Read t he art icle once.    hic h of die iour peopie would v on vote fori
•mil
* lour great Americans *
Who would you put on a list of the greatest Americans of all time? Below is a selection of four people you might want to choose.
mtlkW Mr... ^M.    ■ -    i ««,H       -■ i
w  ir   h ■ . ■ Ipr   :   .   aw   -L    > tmm
» Jmr-L     -WLW mmm* ^ ■     H » T ■'   rif*"-*-*   = -V «V
■---4—
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D I oiii^ ArrrAiitny was úorri intQa va^v íjcoí fanri.iV r<" Me1/-' i?i&2~* As s ycj"{j í?ry f" *HI ™ '--vrsv,'r*s :na .tusk: r".aae cy n'.^S1,      "1 he neig-d.:.uT-ic.o;l, aiiTd s'srtfd ^řirn»'o írw ťurvoet vvnen he w?is i -5 litá - is ramt5-r th? 1 S"S:Cbr^;o 3-td tit G.iaaňs v.'itr, h,s irr,p.-ovi^t;J :-.;vlfc    ír.^áu E,laveu a -r-y t-I? '" -if-vvi'or.i-iq cie o* the 2Cth centu^''? rrost r-!j;cr;;ii: Te-,..-' r_:.; i:,.   :. - rzz,     <r. s.v k-'c-v-ifcr " s o-stux'ive q«»u sTig.ng vi«if j. if id grsai fk«t es ar. '"~iprnť3€r Alth.    1 r   >.víb rď^e =r~aM ~ střtjre. h 5 .í,Eaer,w ui ytítiaráliorA   r,".„ii;,ar,s nodi r,.r, <) fiaufe.
D Ttir A-f'ioi-i ůT-eiiiai c^' "-cms acfevist ^osa L"z"-'e5
c;tf'< ,d «ec 'ť;      aoy c't-v c vi -gh^ Or 1 Deconnoer 15ťjs, >m Morirgrin<b< v, Amtmcn3 >fie reiusea LoW'-itf/ ff-r i^-at *.i - ." >p'E5ier^-t"-o" 5 'oca' b.s 7l.i.->o...i2id išrLsa, |^r|ůj :r,e Mc.r,tgc;;T,w, Bus 3o',..í:; V/Tcn a"er 3W diy? *0'Cf'd :*■» r';« la anardoi t"e -aw t51 .i-iig: eyr<'3 fi!_.n f-: ucJ c        She ;.r'7*;rL-tc ir be an actiiViit and o&nůted most or n,-f .r,rx.rr,ri to civii rrqr,;s ca-JEts Sh« "K-tr" to cer- tip ,:ovř-nr-e*i r. a-s't e Civ-1 R.gr,!,-,     <;f "SfJ-, a: .c a|ij,#-i|;i. racial aaůr-tsatjcei n scfiocls and i"e wcr"Diace
b According to the article, who...
1 did not spend all his / her life in the USA? _
2 lived the life of a country gentleman? _
3 made people stop using public transport as a protest?
4 spent some time in prison? _
5 succeeded in spite of a very underprivileged background? _
6 was not very interested in politics?___
7 was not very tall?__________
8 witnessed a change in the law that he / she had been fighting for? _
c Look at the highlighted words and phrases and try to work out their meaning. Then check the meaning and pronunciation in your dictionary.
4 VOCABULARY
British and American English
a  Complete the dialogues with the American
equivalent of the British English words in the list.
biscuit  carpark  chips  cinema  film holiday mobile  rubbish  secondary school toilet
1 A I'm hungry.
B  Here, have a   cookie .
2 A Where did you leave your car?
B  In the_next to the mall.
3 A How old is your sister?
B  She's 16. She's still at__.
4 A Where is the_?
B It's down the corridor on the left.
5 A Is your boyfriend at work? B No, he's on_.
6 A What shall we do this evening?
B We could see the new James Bond_,
if you like.
7 A I need to make a call.
B You can use my_.
8 A I much prefer seeing films in a__......__.
B Do you? I prefer watching them at home.
9 A Do you want_with your hamburger?
B No, I'd rather have a salad.
10 A Where are you going?
B  I'm taking out the_.
b Write the British equivalent of the American English words in bold.
1 He has his own apartment, flat.
2 Can we have the check, please?____
3 I want to get some new sneakers. _
4 You can save water if you turn off the faucet when you're cleaning your teeth. _
5 The worst thing about flying is having to stand in line at the airport.............____
6 Cyclists shouldn't ride on the sidewalk. _
7 Let's get the subway, it's much quicker than the bus.
8 Where's the elevator? _
9 We're running out of gas. We'd better stop soon and fill up.__
10 A Do you want some candy?__
B No, thanks. I'm on a diet.
5 LISTENING
a   .®&^53l Listen to a radio programme about the top five tourist attractions in San Francisco. Use a word or words from A and a word from B to write the names of the attractions.
A Alcatraz  Fisherman's  Golden Gate
Lombard Transamerica B Bridge  Island  Pyramid  Street Wharf
1 Golden Gate Bridge 4 _
2__ 5______
3 _
b Listen again and answer the questions.
1 How long did it take to build the bridge?
2 What kind of weather is typical in San Francisco Bay?
3 What can you typically eat in the fishing district?
4 What kind of animals can you see there?
5 What is another name for Alcatraz?
6 What did there use to be on Alcatraz?
7 How many bends are there on the most famous part of the street?
8 What is the speed limit?
9 Where is the tallest building in San Francisco? 10 How high is it?
c  Listen again with the audio script on p. 77 and try to guess the meaning of any words you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
accent   /'asksont/ nod /nod/
(pay sb a) compliment fortnight /'foitnait/
/'kDrnphmant/ weird Avrad/
awesome   /'oisam/ inaccurate /iriaekjarat/
turkey /'t3:ki/ would rather /wod 'raids/ creepy /'kriipi/
i
There is no end to education. It is not that you read a book, pass an examination, and finish with education.
The whole of life, from the moment you are born to the moment you die, is a process of learning.
liddu Krishnamurti, Indian philosophical and spiritual writer
VOCABULARY exams
Match the verbs to the definitions.
cheat  cram  fail pass  sit take
1 achieve the necessary standard in an exam pass
2 act in an unfair way to get an advantage _
3 do an exam _or_
4 not be successful in an exam _
5 learn a lot in a short time before an exam
2 PRONUNCIATION revision of sounds
a Write the words in the correct columns according to the pronunciation of the letter a.
candidate  cram  examiner  fail  invigilator marks oral  papers  pass take
candidate
b ijgtafltftjp Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words, c  Match the words with the same vowel sounds.
cheat choice  could  guess  multiple nervous option  revise  university written
1    .<|||.   problem     option 6    ^ test
2   v *^ dream
3
II
book
4 finish
subject
as	school
	style
	
	enjoy
word _
d   ffj^it'-igft^ Listen and check. Then listen and repeat the words.
3 READING
a Read the article once and match the headings with the paragraphs. There is one extra heading you do not need to use.
A Revising for more than one exam
B Alone or with friends?
C Dealing with unwanted distractions
D On the morning of the exam
E Making the most of your revision time
F Once the exam starts
b Read the article again and choose the right answer.
1 The article recommends that students who are revising should work...
a   in ten minute periods.
b  in up to 40-minute periods.
c   with a break every hour.
2 If you are taking exams in several different subjects...
a   concentrate on only one subject
each evening, b   always start by revising the subject
you like least, c   check your answers to the exams
you have already taken.
3 The article says that feeling nervous on the morning of the exam...
a   can be a good thing, b   doesn't matter if your friends are too. c   only happens when people are late for an exam.
4 When you turn over the exam paper, the article says you should...
a make notes next to each question, b  start with the questions you know
least about, c   do all of the questions in order.
5 The article suggests that ideal exam conditions are when...
a   there are enough invigilators, b   candidates can concentrate fully, c   a doctor is on hand to deal with any problems.
LAST-MINUTE EXAM TIPS
Exams have a habit of creeping up on us and there never seems to be enough time to cover everything. So what can you do to make sure that you perform as well as possible on the day of the exam? It is never too late to learn, so read on!
i>1- 1        i ■
mm/
i
Texting friends or twittering for three hours - with good intentions to revise - will not help. But ten minutes will, if you work the rest of the time and do nothing else. Have a ten-minute break and then start again, gradually building up to 20- or 40-minute periods, while keeping breaks to ten minutes or less. It works - try it and see. Use this technique whenever your mind wanders, and you will make progress. When you work, work; and when you play, play. The two do not mix.
Take six deep breaths to relax and read through the questions, jottthg^^/ri formulae and points to remember on the question paper. Choose your questions, starting with the ones you know you can do to build confidence. Do not spend too long on any one question, and try to do the number required. Use the number of marks for each question as a guide and make sure you do the compulsory questions, if there are any.
2 _
Use the time between exams wisely and keep your revision on track. Forget the exams that you have just taken. There is nothing you can do to influence them now, but there is a lot you can do to improve your performance in the ones yet to be taken. That is where your efforts should lie. Change the order of the subjects you revise in one evening, starting with the one you hate and finishing with the one you like best. You may even get to like that hated subject as you get to grips with it.
3 _
A leisurely breakfast and a walk to the venue is a good start on any day when you have an exam. Do not rush, but do not be late, either. Avoid friends - they can be off-pattirig and may confuse your thoughts. Do not cram new information on the night before an exam. A little anxiety is generally to be expected and will help keep you on your foes.
5 _
Do not be afraid to speak up if the invigilator's squeaky shoes are disturbing your concentration. Those whispers between invigilators when they change watch during exams can be just as annoying. That should not happen, so do not be afraid to say if it disturbs you. It is your exam after all, and you want to be able to sit it under the best possible conditions. If you feel unwell during an exam, make sure that your teacher knows. You could get special consideration if you uhder-perform.
Good luck, whatever your state of readiness. And remember that you can always improve by adopting the tips here which work for you.
Match the highlighted; idioms in the text to the definitions below.
1 not pleasant in a way that can make you feel negative______
2 you lose control of your thoughts and they move to other ideas _
3 keep you alert and ready to deal with problems__
4 writing something quickly__
5 begin to understand and deal with something difficult____
6 moving slowly nearer without being seen or heard _
7 not do as well as expected _
4 GRAMMAR revision of verb forms
5 LISTENING
(gircTe) the correct verb form.
1 ^eftuwe) j We're having exams three times a year.
2 I know I I've known my girlfriend since school.
3 The sun shone j was shining when I woke up this morning.
4 Be quiet! The teacher is giving out j gives out the papers.
5 She's staying in tonight because she's going to j she'll revise.
6 I need a rubber. I've made j I made a mistake.
7 I took j I was taking my driving test six months ago.
8 He spoke j He has spoken to his teacher yesterday about his results.
9 I'm going to j J'/Ilend you my notes if you like.
10 Max couldn't go out because he spent j he'd spent all his money.
Complete the dialogues. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets. Contractions count as one word.
1 A How old are those houses?
B     They were built   in the 1960s, (build)
2 A Why do you miss the sea?
B Because I___on the coast, (live)
3 A Can't you stay a bit longer?
B No, I_____home now. (go)
4 A Why are you complaining about your room? B Because it________properly.
(not clean)
5 A Why does you hair look different?
B  Because I've___a different
colour, (dye)
6 A Why didn't Jack drive to work this morning? B Because___his car. (start)
7 A Why don't we go to Australia for a year?
B Because__my job if we did. (lose)
8 A Why are you angry with me?
B Because I asked______the dinner
and you haven't, (make) 9 A Why is she crying?
B   Because her boyfriend said_
her. (not love) 10 A Why didn't you speak to Millie? B   I didn't recognize her.
a    •(H<i-r«!'i-j:u You are going to hear a radio programme about the international PISA tests. Which three countries get the highest marks in these tests?
b Listen again and complete the notes.
PISA
(Programme for International Student l_
Organized by: the 2___
Purpose: to evaluate the
_ of each country Year when first tests were held: 4_
Tests held: every5____
Age of students:6__
Subjects tested: maths, science, and 1 _ Length of test:8__-
Factors contributing to good results:
Asia: high 9„___
high standard of teaching focus on understanding Finland: high standard of teaching no child left behind community10__
in educators
c  Listen again with the audio script onp.77 and try to guess the meaning of any words that you don't know. Then check in your dictionary.
. it was
USEFUL WORDS AND PHRASES
Learn the words and phrases.
dreaded /'dredid/ hoot /hurt/ scarce /skeas/
the stakes are high  /da 'steiks a: 'hai/ a high-paid job   /a ,hai peid 'chjob/ endurance /m'djuarans/ freeze /i'riiz/
make eye contact   /meik 'ai kontaskt/
her, of course I would have spoken to her. (know)
68
Listening
1 A)))
Presenter Hello and welcome to the show. Giving a company the right name can mean the difference between success and failure. Our business expert Julia is in the studio with us today and she's going to give us some tips on naming a company. Good morning, (ulia.
Julia Hello.
Presenter What advice would you give to someone who is looking for a name for their company?
Julia First of all, you want your customers to be able to remember the name. This means that it has to be quite short. Two syllables seems to be about right - think of eBay, Twitter, and Nike, and you'll see what I mean.
Presenter That makes sense. What else do you recommend, Julia?
Julia Well, there's no magic formula for finding the right name, so you need to take your time over it. First have a brainstorming session, and write down all the ideas that come into your head. Then, take a week or so to think about the names on the list-you might be surprised by the ones that you remember! And this is the point, really. If a name stays in your mind, your customers will probably remember it, too.
Presenter Are there any kinds of words that make a good company name?
Julia Not really. The name can be absolutely anything. You can even invent your own word, if you like. Try joining two words together to form a completely new one, or spell an existing word incorrectly-anything to make your company sound different. Gizmodo is a good example of this - the word isn't in a dictionary; the founders just made it up.
Presenter Have all company names come from brainstorming sessions?
Julia No, not at all. Some companies got their names by chance. Somebody saw or heard something which gave them the idea for a name.
Presenter Can you give us an example?
Julia Yes, of course. Um, have you heard of a company called Caterpillar?
Presenter Yes, I have.
Julia You know how a caterpillar moves, don't you?
Presenter What do you mean?
Julia They have a lot of legs and they move slowly, sort of pulling themselves up and down. Well, this company, which makes tractors, used to be called the Holt Tractor Company. But one day, the founder, Benjamin Holt, heard someone talking about the company's new tractor. The person said that the vehicle moved 'like a caterpillar'. Mr Holt liked this image so much that he changed the company name to Caterpillar. The lesson here is that inspiration can come at any time, so you have to keep your eyes and ears open.
Presenter What an interesting story! Julia, thank you so much for joining us.
Julia My pleasure.
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Presenter Hi, my name's Paul Coombs and I'm an interior designer. Today I'm going to give you some tips on choosing the right colours for each of the rooms of your house.
Let's start with the dining room. Most people choose warm colours like browns, reds, and oranges for this room. If you believe in colour psychology, red and orange are said to be stimulants, so they increase a person's appetite. Colours on the other side of the spectrum, like blue for example, have the opposite effect and stop people from feeling hungry. That's why blue is a poor colour choice for a dining room.
Moving onto the kitchen: now, the colour you paint this room depends on the colour of your kitchen cupboards -you probably won't want to change the ones you've got because they're quite expensive. Popular colours to use in the kitchen are brown, peach, and yellow. Strong colours like brick red or dark green can also look nice when they are used with more neutral colours. Colours 1 wouldn't recommend for a kitchen are lighter shades of green and blue, for the same reason as why they aren't suitable for the dining room.
As for the living room, you have to take the size of the room and the lighting into account here, and you also have to think of the effect you want to create. Light colours will make a room seem larger, whereas darker colours will make it feel more comfortable, more cosy. Warm colours like beige, cream, or some shades of yellow can make a room look inviting, while cooler colours like grey can add a touch of formality. Intense colours such as bright red are generally not good choices for a living room as they are too stimulating.
Now let's take a look at the bedroom. You really want to choose relaxing colours for a bedroom - colours like pale blue, green, or pink usually work well. Red, bright yellow, and other intense colours are too stimulating for a restful room like this, so you shouldn't really use them.
And finally, the bathroom. Again, the colours you use depend on what effect you want to create. Light colours and natural shades such as light blue and sea green have always been popular for bathrooms because they can create a relaxing spa feeling. In the bathroom, you need to avoid dark colours because it will just make the room seem smaller.
Don't forget to take your own colour preferences into consideration when you're deciding which colours to use -you're the one who will have to use the room once it's painted. But if you take my advice, you're sure to be pleased with the result. Good luck with your decorating!
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Speaker 1 This happened a long time ago when my youngest son, Mati, was about five. We had been visiting friends in England, and they had given him a plastic knife as a present. When we got to airport security, the knife showed up on the screen, and a customs official took it out of our bag. While I was talking to the customs official and explaining about the knife, I heard my son shout: 'Hands up!' I turned around and saw him pointing his plastic water pistol at the customs official.
Speaker 2 Recently, I went to visit a friend in Spain. When I got to the airport to fly home, I realized that I'd left my phone at her house. T needed to contact her urgently so that she could bring the phone to the airport, but I had absolutely no idea of her number. Then I remembered that she had sent it to me in a message on Facebook. I explained my problem to one of the men at security, and he let me use his smartphone to access the site and find the number. When I found it, 1 called my friend and she brought my phone to the airport.
Speaker 3 I live abroad and I miss certain things from home, especially houmous. In case you don't know, houmous is a Middle Eastern dish which is a kind of thick paste you can put on bread. Tn England, you can buy it in a jar from a supermarket. Anyway, on my last trip home to London, I had bought some houmous to take home with me. Unfortunately, the security screener saw the jar in my bag and told me that houmous counts as a liquid. She said that I couldn't take it with me and then threw it away.
Speaker 4 It was summer, and my children were quite young at the time. The day before our flight, we had been to the beach. We had spent most of the day on the rocks with a net and a bucket catching crabs. We put the crabs back before we left the beach and then we went home. The next day, at the airport, I noticed that my daughter's bag was extremely wet. When I opened it, I discovered that she had put one of the crabs in an old coffee jar filled with water. Apparently, she wanted to show it to her friends back home.
Speaker 5 You won't believe what I did at the airport once! When we got to the security gate, I suddenly remembered that I had a small bottle of mineral water in my backpack, so I took it out to throw it away in the containers they have there. Unfortunately, I had my wallet with my passport and my boarding pass in the same hand, so when T threw the bottle in, everything else fell in, too. I was hysterical when I realized what I had done, but fortunately my girlfriend was there to help me. She put her arm in the container and felt around until she found my wallet.
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Journalist Hello everyone and thank you for turning up here today. Let me start with a question: How often do you go shopping in the high street of your town or village? The answer is probably 'not very often.' But if I asked you if you wanted your high street to survive, it's quite likely that you would say 'yes'. And this is the problem facing the nation's estimated 5,000 high streets today: we want them to be there, but we hardly ever use them. Sadly, they won't survive on this mixture of kind thoughts and nostalgia.
Which is why we are starting a new campaign. We've called it Reinventing the High Street, and that is exactly what we aim to do. We want to make sure that our historic shopping communities will exist in the future so that our children's children will be able to use them. We hope that our campaign will help to identify the changes needed to adapt the high street to life in the 21st century.
In the weeks and months ahead, we will bring together experts, consumers, and representatives from local and national government to discuss the problem. We want to draw up an action plan to inject new life into the country's high streets. We will highlight ideas that some areas have already adopted which have made them more popular. One example is the click-and-collect store, where consumers go to collect the products they have ordered online. This kind of store provides a much needed modern service for customers, and at the same time attracts people to the store, and so it is good for both sides.
We will also invite well-known faces to share the secrets of their favourite shopping destinations with us. A long list of celebrities has already agreed to be interviewed. And we would also like you, the readers, to nominate the high streets that you feel have found the answer to survival. These will be shopping communities where there is a balance between large and small stores, and where both consumers and store owners meet each other's needs. At the end of the year, a panel of experts will choose a High Street of the Year, which will serve as a model for all of the others in the country.
Most of all through our campaign, we aim to unite the two conflicting opinions that residents have about their high streets. Somehow, it must be possible both to want your high street
to be there and to want to use it. Only when these two desires are brought together as one will our high streets be safe in the future.
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Presenter And now for television. A new reality show called Forever Young premiered on TV Land last night. Like most reality shows, it puts a group of people in a house to see how they get along - nothing new you may think. But in this particular show, there arc two different groups: juniors and seniors. The juniors are three men and two women in their twenties, while the seniors, with the same mix of men and women, have all passed their 70th birthdays. The idea is to see if the two groups can bridge the generation gap and learn something from people who are so much older - or younger - than they are.
In the first episode last night, we met the participants. The seniors, Arthur, Emileen, Eugene, Lou, and Shirley were the first to arrive at the house. They knew that they were going to be in a reality show, but expected the other housemates to be of a similar age. Enter the juniors - that's Andree, Angelina, Christian, Mike, and Sam. They had been told that they were going to star in a fun new TV series, so you can imagine their reaction when they came face-to-face with the seniors. When both groups realized that they were going to share the same house, they were shocked!
Once the participants had calmed down, it was time for the first task. The producers gave each group $500 to buy everything the whole house would need for the next week. At the supermarket, the differences between the two generations soon became apparent. While the seniors were discussing which cleaning products to buy, the juniors were busy filling their trolley with junk food. Of course, both groups were horrified when they saw what the other had bought.
In the next task, called 'Bridging the gap', the seniors team had to answer quiz questions about pop culture, while the juniors were asked about recent history. 78-year-old Arthur managed to identify the Jonas Brothers from a photo for the seniors, but 24-year-old Sam got no points for saying that the American Civil War happened after the Second World War. Despite Sam's ignorance, the juniors went on to win the quiz.
So, the question is, will the two groups manage to bridge the generation gap? Right now, it seems that neither group wants to make contact with the other, but will that change during the show? The only way to find out is to watch the second episode of Forever Young next Wednesday. I know that I'm going to!
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Jack Jane, do you have a minute? I was asked to choose a photograph for the poster of next year's Photo Exhibition in the village hall in March. I'm struggling to choose the best one, can you help?
Jane Sure, would be happy to. Is there a theme for the photo exhibition?
Jack Yes, we're asking people to send their best travel and holiday pictures, so I'm trying to find something for the poster to inspire people. What I want to do is to choose one photo, enlarge it, and then put the text on top of the photo, with the details of the exhibition.
Jane OK, so let's see what you have here.
Jack Well, I managed to narrow down the list to these three photos.
Jane Wow, they all look very professional. I like this one with tourists in the foreground looking at the scenery.
Jack Yes, it's one of my favourites because I took a similar photo from exactly the same spot when I was travelling in Asia. A lot of people go up there just before sunset; it's the best view in Taipei. You can see the whole city below with all the modern tower blocks and skyscrapers, but they all look tiny next to this incredibly tall building. I think it's the third tallest building in the world!
Jane These men on the left-hand side of the picture really give you a perspective, don't they? They make you realize how enormous the tower is. But what I really like about this picture is the way the setting sun is shining on the rock -giving it a lovely, warm brown colour.
Jack Yeah, I quite like the colours of this picture; the brown rock against the green tree and green tower. But I'm not sure it will look that good if you enlarge it to poster-size: these rocks will look too big and I think you won't be able to see the text clearly on the poster.
Jane OK, how about this one, then? It looks like it was also taken at sunset.
Those hills in the distance look so wild and mysterious, and I love the way the sun reflects on the water.
Jack I quite like this one, too. The ducks sitting on the boats drinking and cleaning themselves - they make me smile every time I look at this photo. I think people will really like this picture because it's very peaceful and warm, but at the same time the ducks make it fun.
Jane OK, so this one is a possibility. How about the third photo? Everybody likes pictures of children playing, and this one just makes you want to jump on the fountain and run around with the kids.
Jack I agree, it's a very happy picture; even though you can't see the faces of the children, you can tell they are enjoying themselves. I also like the bright background against the dark foreground. Do you think it would look good on the poster?
Jane I'm not sure. I really like this photo, but you said the theme of the exhibition is travelling and holidays, so I think you want to show something a bit more exotic than a fountain on the poster.
Jack You're right. I'm also worried that the boy in the foreground might look too big when you enlarge it and you won't be able to read the text on the poster.
Jane OK, so it's the three men in the boat with the ducks, then.
Jack Yes, it looks like the best choice. Thanks for your help, Jane.
Jane No problem, I'd love to see the poster when it's finished.
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Presenter Welcome back. Now we're going to take a look at recycling around the world. So, Abby, where shall we start?
Abby Let's start with one of the countries that produces the most waste in the world: Australia. According to the OECD Factbook, that's the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, every Australian creates about 600 kg of waste each year, which is nearly as much as the USA. The good news is that recycling in Australia has grown in popularity in recent years and now about a third of the waste is recycled. Now, nearly all households recycle or reuse paper and cardboard, plastic bottles, glass,
and plastic bags. In fact, Australia is the number one recycler of old newspapers -every year, more than two billion copies are recycled.
Presenter That certainly is good news! What have you got next for us?
Abby We're going to Scandinavia next, to Sweden. In Sweden, recycling is a way of life. Everything from electrical goods to clothes to drinks containers is recycled, and Sweden is the leader in recycling plastic bottles and aluminium cans in Europe. Although the country produces quite a lot of waste - in 2009, the amount was about 480 kg per person per year - only 4% of that ends up in landfill sites. The rest is used in a special programme called the Waste-to-energy Programme. Waste is burnt to provide heat and energy for hundreds of thousands of homes. In fact, recently Sweden ran out of waste for the scheme and it had to be imported from abroad.
Presenter What about countries that aren't so good at recycling?
Abby The main problem with recycling in many countries of the world is that there is no official garbage collection. That means that the State does nothing about recycling, either. Take India, for example. Local newspapers report that each person on average only produces half a kilo of waste per year, but with a population of well over a thousand million, that's still a lot of rubbish!
Presenter So in countries like India, nothing is recycled?
Abby Actually, lots of things are recycled in India, but it's often in a very unofficial way. People call on houses to buy old clothes, out-of-date newspapers, and broken electrical goods cheaply. Then they sell these items at a higher price to companies who make something different out of them. In the end, about a quarter of the waste is recycled.
Presenter Abby, tell us about another country like India.
Abby Well, South Africa has the same kind of problem, although most households do have access to a garbage collection. The problem is there aren't many places to take recyclables, and at the moment all of the waste ends up at a landfill site. In 2011, a waste management report said that the average South African currently produces about 0.7 kg of waste per year and only about 3.3% of this is recycled. This is mostly done by people who collect cans, paper,
glass, and plastic from dustbins and landfill sites. But the government has recently introduced a new law to try to improve the situation. The aim of the new Waste Act is that all households separate their rubbish within the next four years.
Presenter Let's hope it works! Abby, thank you for joining us.
Abby You're very welcom e.
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Presenter Hello and welcome to the programme. Now, you may have noticed how important internships are today if you want to get a job. Around a fifth of young people are being taken on by companies after working as interns. Now, is it fair that companies are employing, often very well-qualified, young people without paying them? Today, we have Olga with us. Olga, you worked as an intern, and now, I'm pleased to say, you are in full-term employment. What's your view?
Olga Well, I'd like to start with the question of living expenses. Most internships last for about three months. Many graduates can't afford to live away from home for such a long time without earning any money. Internships in London are completely out of reach for most of the UK's youngsters. There is a recent survey that reports a huge 78% of all 18- to 34-year-olds have said that they could not afford to live in the capital if they were offered an unpaid internship. That leaves companies in London with only 22% of all the country's graduates to choose from if they don't offer a salary. So by offering unpaid internships, these companies are limiting the choice of people they can take on. If the internship was paid, then the company could choose the most talented applicants, instead of only employing those candidates who have enough money to pay their own living expenses.
Presenter What other reasons do you have, Olga?
Olga Well, employing an unpaid intern for along period of time is actually illegal. You see, the company is breaking the Minimum Wage Act of 1998. This law states that all workers must receive a wage. So far, all of the interns who have taken their employer to court for not paying them have won their case. And
the companies found guilty of breaking the law have all had to pay a heavy fine. So, you see, in the long run, it might actually be more expensive to employ an unpaid intern than to give them a salary. Presenter But won't companies take on fewer interns if they have to pay for them?
Olga That certainly is a possibility, David, but I think that there is another alternative. In my opinion, we should go back to the traditional work experience placements of the past. These placements lasted only two weeks and they were much more suitable for graduates who couldn't afford to work free for a long period of time. If companies offered two-week placements instead of three-month unpaid internships, they wouldn't be in danger of breaking the law and they wouldn't miss out on the talent.
Presenter Thank you, Olga. Now, let's hear from Terence Littlewood. Terence, you don't agree with Olga, do you?
Terence Well, I take a number of Olga's points, but...
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Speaker 1 I'm in my final year at school, so I spend most of my time studying. But some evenings I like to watch TV to relax. I'm not so keen on the programmes on national television, so I usually watch cable networks like Discovery Channel. My favourite programme is How it's made, which is like a kind of short documentary about how they make everyday objects in factories. Like most people my age, I often use the internet - usually to play games or to chat with my friends. I suppose I spend about ] 2 hours a week watching TV and 15 hours online.
Speaker 2 I guess I'm going off television, really. I just find that it isn't as interesting these days. There's so much more happening on the web with people talking about things that are going on. Social media is being updated every second, 24/7, so that you feel that you are actually part of the world around you. Whenever the TV is on, it only has a fraction of my attention, and my eyes are always looking over to my phone or my laptop, which are always within reach. I would estimate that I probably spend twice as much time online these days than I do watching TV.
Speaker 3 My wife and I only switch the television on when we know there's a programme that we want to watch. We both like some of the game shows, and we quite like a good film, but apart from that, our tastes are quite different. I like to watch the football when it's on, but my wife isn't at all interested. She prefers period dramas, which don't appeal to me. We only ever use the internet for emails or to talk to our daughter in Canada once a week. Although we don't watch that much TV, we spend even less time online.
Speaker 4 Yeah, I watch quite a lot of TV really. I never miss my favourite shows, and I've always got my smartphone on, so that I can comment on them with my friends as we watch. The X-Factor is the best - it's a kind of interactive talent show where different people come on stage to show what they can do. During the acts, my friends and I exchange our views on Twitter - it's almost as if we were in the same room together! I spend a lot of time online, too, but not as much as I do in front of the telly.
Speaker 5 I'm really into music, but not the kind of mainstream music you find on music channels on the TV. The only place you can listen to the bands that 1 like is on the internet. When I'm at home, you're much more likely to find me in my study in front of my computer than watching TV. There are some great videos online, not only music videos, but also news stories, too. I can't stand watching the news on TV because it's so boring and repetitive. You get a much wider view from reading different opinions on the internet.
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Interviewer Susan, can you tell us something about where you live?
Susan Yes, it's a little village in north Germany called Molzen. It's about 90 km south of Hamburg, right in the middle of the countryside. There's a school, with about 80 pupils, and there's a sports ground and a park. In the middle of the village, there's a big farm with lots of cows and there's a stream running through the farm. We used to have a village shop, but it closed down last year.
Interviewer Where did you live before?
Susan I used to live in Manchester -1 went to university there.
Interviewer What do you do here in Molzcn?
Susan I run an organic food company with my husband - he's German. We met while I was at university, and we came here because his family has an organic farm near here. Our company buys grain from organic farmers all over north Germany. We turn the grain into flour and then we make baking mixes from the flour. We sell the baking mixes to organic food shops in nearly every European country. I'm the sales and marketing manager, and I have to go to different cities to visit the customers. That's the part of my job I like most, really.
Interviewer What do you like about living where you do?
Susan I like going running along the country roads and through the woods right outside my back door. Tt's easier to drive in the country, too, because there are no traffic lights, and there isn't much traffic on the roads. I also like swimming in the heated outdoor pool in the rain when there is nobody else there except the village ducks. You can swim in the lake at sunset, too, as long as there aren't too many mosquitoes. In my free time, I play in the village band. We often go around the other villages playing at festivals, and there's always someone I know.
Interviewer Is there anything you don't like about living in the country?
Susan Yes, although I don't mind driving, I sometimes hate the fact that I have to drive everywhere because there are no buses or trams. The nearest train station is nearly 8 km away. It's also quite scary outside at night, because it is really dark and there are no street lamps.
Interviewer Do you think that you'll ever go back to the city?
Susan Yes, I hope so. I don't like being so far away from the city. If we lived nearer, I could go to concerts more often. I have to ride on a train for 45 minutes or drive for an hour if I want to go shopping in Hamburg. I'd like to live closer to an airport, too, so I could travel more often. T'd like to go back to living in a city when I retire. At the moment, it's nice to have a big house in the country, but I think when I'm older, a small house in the city will be better.
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Speaker 1 This happened to mc while I was painting the upstairs windows ot my first house. While I was up the ladder, I heard the phone ringing, so I came down the ladder to answer it. I left the paintbrushes and the paint pot on the outside window ledge so that I could carry on later. Unfortunately, while I was on the phone, a gust of wind moved the ladder, causing it to knock the paint pot off the window ledge. The paint fell all over my neighbour's brand new car which he'd parked outside his front door. I spent the rest of the weekend cleaning his car!
Speaker 2 My mother bought us a picture when we moved into our new flat, but my husband didn't like it much, so we didn't put it up at first. We waited until the day before her first visit to hang it on the wall. When my mother arrived, she commented on how nice the picture looked. Then she sat down in the chair underneath it to have a cup of tea. Two minutes later, the picture fell off the wall and landed on her head. She was sitting there with the frame around her neck. Luckily, she saw the funny side of it.
Speaker 3 We were thinking about converting our attic into a study, so I went up to have a look with my son. Suddenly, he took a step forward and started falling through the floor. Luckily, I managed to pull him out before he went through completely. We went straight down to inspect the rooms below, but we couldn't see any damage. Then my neighbour came round to complain about a large hole in the ceiling of one of his bedrooms. It turned out that the attic belongs to both of our houses and we had been over his house when my son fell. That was the end of our plans for the attic!
Speaker 4 This happened when I was laying the new floor of my living room. Before I started, 1 measured the room carefully and cut all of the pieces of wood to the right length. Then I put down the first line of wood, which fitted beautifully. In the next line, I noticed a small space between the end of the new floor and the wall. The space grew as I laid the rest of the wood across the room and by the time I had reached the other side, there was a gap of about five centimetres. The problem was that my living room is not a perfect square. Never mind, you can't actually see the gap because my sofa is on top of it.
Speaker 5 The radiator in our downstairs toilet was leaking water, so I decided to try and fix it myself. I emptied all of the water out of the radiator - or at least I thought I had -and then T started to take it off the wall. Unfortunately, as I did so, a jet of hot black water shot up into the air and made a hole in the ceiling. I dropped the radiator, ran out of the room, and slammed the door behind me. By the time I had turned off the water supply to the house, our downstairs toilet was unrecognizable. Since then, we've always got a professional in to do any jobs around the house.
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Presenter Hello and welcome to the programme. Now, complaining in a restaurant can be quite difficult, and very few people know how to do it well. Today, I've got a restaurant critic in the studio with me. He's going to give us some tips on what you should do if you aren't satisfied with the service you receive. Good morning, Owen.
Owen Hello.
Presenter What's the key to making a successful complaint, Owen?
Owen The most important thing is to act immediately. If you aren't happy with something, say so right away. That way, the restaurant will have a chance to do something about it, and you won't spoil the meal for everybody else.
Presenter How should we go about making the complaint?
Owen Call the waiter over quietly and calmly explain what is wrong. Express your disappointment and then politely ask him or her to solve the problem. It's important not to blame the waiter as he or she may not be directly responsible for the problem. If a dish isn't cooked to your satisfaction, it is more likely to be the chef's fault than the waiter's.
Presenter So, what should we do if the waiter doesn't solve the problem?
Owen That's when you need to take the complaint to someone in a higher position. Ask politely to speak to the manager. Explain the problem to him or her and say why you are not satisfied with the waiter's reaction.
Presenter Are there any other ways of showing that we aren't satisfied?
Owen Yes, you always have the. tip to play with. Giving a small tip is a powerful way of showing your dissatisfaction. Of course, you can always decide not to leave a tip at all, but if you do that, the waiter might think that you have forgotten. Remember to separate a problem with the waiter from a problem with the restaurant. If the food wasn't very good, but the waiter dealt with your complaint as well as he or she could, then you should still leave a tip.
Presenter What about once we've left the restaurant? Is there anything we can do?
Owen Yes, there is. If you're still not satisfied after you have complained to the waiter and the manager, it's time to go to the authorities. In the UK, you can contact the Citizen's Advice Bureau or the Office of Fair Trading, and in the USA, you can try your local Better Business Bureau office. Most countries have consumer organizations like this, and it's important to know how to get in touch with them.
Presenter And finally, what should we do if we get sick after eating in a restaurant?
Owen If you get food poi soning and you believe it came from your meal, you should report it to the restaurant immediately. If the restaurant doesn't take your complaint seriously, you can report your illness to the local health department.
Presenter Owen, thank you for that advice.
Owen My pleasure.
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Presenter ...Now, let's move on to television. Last night was probably the most emotional episode of Secret Millionaire I've seen this season - and it was also the last programme of the series. For those of you who have never seen it, Secret Millionaire is a reality show where unknown millionaires go to poor areas of the UK to find people and organizations they woidd like to give some of their money to.
On last night's show, the guest was the young millionaire Andrew Felton, a 24-year old professional poker player, who has a fortune of around six million pounds. The producers of the programme managed to persuade him to leave his life of luxury to travel
to Bradford, a city with the highest rate of youth unemployment in the UK. Andrew was given the keys to a one-bedroom flat in one of the worst areas of the city and told to go out and find some people to help. To explain why the cameras were accompanying him, he pretended to be an unemployed person making a documentary about volunteering opportunities for young people.
The first organization Andrew visited was The Joshua Project, a children and young people's charity run by Rich, a former music student. Rich runs his group from a converted cinema in an area where crime is high and jobs are non-existent. While Andrew was with The Joshua Project, he referecd a football match, organized a pool tournament for the kids, and helped run a workshop on cultural differences.
The next charity he found was Little Heroes, an organization that helps to improve the lives of children who have been diagnosed with cancer. After meeting the founder, Chris, he helped deliver toys to the children on the cancer ward of the local hospital and he got to know some of the patients.
Last but not least, Andrew got in touch with The Hidden Homeless Ltd, a charity run by Gary, who was once homeless himself. Gary got Andrew involved with Hidden Voices, the magazine produced by the organization. After writing an article for the next edition, Andrew stood in the city centre trying to sell enough magazines for a cup of coffee and a sandwich.
The great thing about the programme was seeing Andrew learn from his experiences while he helped out at the three charities. Being a card player, he isn't used to showing his feelings, but last night, the tears Andrew cried were real. He was shocked to see the contrast between his own life, which revolves mainly around making money, and the lives of the charity workers, who dedicate all their time to helping others.
Usually, the guests on Secret Millionaire agree to donate at least £60,000 of their money to charity, but Andrew gave away much more than that. He donated £100,000 to the children's cancer charity Little Heroes, £25,000 to The Joshua Project, and £28,000 to The Hidden Homeless Ltd. He also gave a personal cheque to the founder, Gary, so that he could take one of the children on the holiday of a lifetime.
So Secret Millionaire went out on a high note last night. Unfortunately, it won't be back again until sometime next year. I hope you're looking forward to the next series as much as I am.
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Guide Hello and welcome to Cyberworld. As you know, computer games are big business these days, not only for manufacturers, but also for some of the players. One particular gamer called Jon Jacobs has just made a fortune by selling one of his virtual properties. Our games expert, Josh, is with us in the studio today to tell us about the transaction. Good morning, Josh.
Josh Hello.
Presenter Josh, can you start by telling us something about Mr Jacobs?
Josh Yes, sure. Erm, Jon Jacobs isn't your stereotypical gamer. In real life, he runs a music and movie business in Hollywood, California. But Mr Jacobs is also an important presence in a virtual world called Entropia Universe. Entropia Universe is an online game played by nearly a million people worldwide. The players use real cash to buy things in the game. Each player has an avatar, and probably the most famous avatar in the game is Neverdie, the one belonging to Mr Jacobs.
Presenter What is it then, Josh, that Mr Jacobs has sold?
Josh Well, until recently, Mr Jacobs, alias Neverdie, was the owner of Club Neverdie, one of the hottest virtual properties in Entropia. Club Neverdie is a space station situated on a virtual asteroid around Entropia's first planet, Planet Calypso. Mr Jacobs bought the asteroid five years ago for $100,000. He had to take out a mortgage on his real-life house to buy it.
Presenter What is so special about Club Neverdie?
Josh Club Neverdie is no ordinary space station- it is a must-see destination for other players. It has a night club, a stadium, and a mall where other players spend real cash on virtual goods and services. When Mr Jacobs sold the property, he was making around $200,000 a year from it, which was enough to comfortably support him and his family.
Presenter Josh, you said that Mr Jacobs bought the asteroid for $100,000. How much was the space station worth when he sold it?
Josh He sold Club Neverdie for $635,000. That means he made a profit of over half a million dollars.
Presenter Wow, that's a lot of money! Who was the buyer?
Josh Actually, there wasn't one buyer. $635,000 is a lot of money, so the space station was sold in parts. The largest portion went to another avatar in the game called John Forma Kalun. He paid $335,000 for his part of the space station, which makes the sale the largest single virtual transaction ever.
Presenter Josh, why did Mr Jacobs decide to sell Club Neverdie?
Josh He needed the money to set up a new planet in Entropia Universe, called Rocktropia. It's a project he has developed with some of the major music companies. Rocktropia is a new concept that allows players to go on music-related missions and attend live concerts by bands from the real world. The project is currently said to be making around $10 per active user per month, but Mr Jacobs won't say how many players are using it.
Presenter Let's wish Mr Jacobs luck in his new venture, then. Josh, thank you for joining us.
Josh No problem.
%A)))
Presenter Yes, well, I've been looking at some destination spas that won't break the bank. Let's start with one that is ranked top of TripAdvisor's list of resorts: the MayaTulum Retreat & Spa in Mexico. The complex offers many different spa treatments as well as dream classes, tropical food, and a traditional Mayan sauna. But the best thing about the resort is its location. Maya Tulum is situated on Mexico's Caribbean coast in the southeast of the country, which means that you get the best of both worlds: the sea and the rainforest. Private villas on the beach are also available.
Moving further north, let's take a look at Spa Eastman in Quebec, Canada. This is a great place for experiencing the effect of different temperatures on the body. You start by lying in a hot
pool or sitting in a sauna, and then you go outside to jump into a cold pool or some snow. It's a truly invigorating experience! If you want to try out some heat therapy, you can do it here, too.
Let's go to Europe now, to the Lasko Thermal Spa Resort in Slovenia. The resort is just outside the village of Celje, a peaceful place surrounded by mountains and wide rivers - the scenery is stunning. But the reason that the resort is so popular is that it specializes in traditional Hindu medicine, which is based on diet, herbal treatment, and breathing exercises. Another attraction is its hot natural springs.
Also in Europe, there's a wonderful little resort on the island of Santorini in Greece. It's called the Museum Spa Wellness Hotel and is set in the middle of a garden that contains the two oldest olive trees on the island. The main building was originally a mansion that was turned into a museum before being converted into a hotel and spa. There's a beautifully decorated swimming pool and a bar in the garden, and in the spa you can have a wide range of treatments, such as manicures, pedicures, facials, and massages.
Africa might not be a continent that you normally associate with spas, but there's an excellent resort in South Africa. The Fordoun Hotel & Spa is located in the Drakensbcrg mountains and it's rated as the best in the country. The hotel has 22 luxurious rooms which all have balconies looking out onto the gardens, so guests can enjoy the scenery as well as the treatment. The spa offers a wide range of services and there is also an indoor pool, bar, and lounge.
And there you have it. The five most affordable spa packages that I was able to find. Please check the websites as the prices can vary depending on the season, but if you are flexible about when you travel, you can find some great offers.
8B)))
Speaker 1 I was at school in southern Sweden. There were ferries that went from my town to different ports in both East and West Germany. For a generation the East Germans had seen the ferries without being allowed to use them. Suddenly, everything changed. Crowds of East Germans arrived in Sweden, easily identified by their
clothes, hair, and big eyes as they saw the shop windows. They had no Swedish currency, but the local shopkeepers got together and gave them all vouchers that they could use for a few small purchases. Speaker 2 After getting dressed for our big day, our wedding party piled into the limo for the drive to church. Thunder showers threatened and I was very nervous. Everyone in the car was listening to the radio in the driver's area in front of the partition. Suddenly, I saw a flash of light outside. I had actually seen the rocket go past! I tried to tell the others, but they were making too much noise. We're still married, and I don't have that much trouble remembering the anniversary date - July 20th 1969.
Speaker 3 I was sitting on a plane, waiting on the runway to take off at Reagan Airport in Washington. Suddenly, the pilot announced that we were returning to the airport and we wouldn't be going anywhere for the time being. 'Forget about your luggage, and get out of the airport as quickly as possible,' he said. I began to realize something horrible was happening when I got off the plane and saw the Pentagon burning. I had no idea what to do except to keep walking.
Speaker 4 We were based in North Malaya and I was up and about getting ready for my part-time job as a school secretary. Suddenly, I heard on the radio that someone had been shot. It took me a while to realize that the newsreader was talking about the US President. I called my husband straight away, but he didn't believe me. The Head of my school didn't believe me either when I told him. He thought I must have misheard and went off to check. Everyone found it difficult to believe what had happened.
Speaker 5 I was in the UK staying with my sister at the time. We were in the kitchen and my brother-in-law had brought home a newspaper. I glanced at the headlines, and I saw that hundreds of people had been killed in Thailand. As time went on, the number increased, first to thousands, then to tens of thousands, and finally to hundreds of thousands. Of course, more countries had been affected, too. I just couldn't imagine how one incident could cause such massive destruction.
%A>))
Presenter Next weekend, London will host the World Memory Championships. T have to confess, I've never heard of this. Jamie, what can you tell us about the competition?
Jamie Well, the competition consists of ten different events, and in each one the competitors have to show their ability to remember different things. In one of the events, they have to recall a random series of numbers. In another event, they have to memorize the order of a pack of playing cards and then say from memory the order of the cards. This event is timed, and the man who holds the speed playing cards record is the German, Simon Reinhard. He remembered the order of the whole pack of 52 cards in 21.19 seconds. This is a task that the ordinary man on the street would not be able to do without any memory training.
Presenter Jamie, tell us something about the current world champion.
Jamie Last year's competition was won by yet another German called Johannes Mallow. Johannes is in his thirties, and he holds several world records. The last one he broke was when he memorized 912 numbers in 15 minutes. In this year's World Memory Championships, he's hoping to hold on to his title.
Presenter Is there anybody else we should know about?
Jamie Yes, the man who won the first World Championships and then went on to win another seven times in the next ten years. His name is Dominic O'Brien, and he's British. Dominic is in his fifties now, and he has developed his own memory technique. Today, he gives lectures about using memory to its full capacity, and he also appears on television. He has written more than 15 books on the subject, and he once had an entry in the Guinness Book of Records for memorizing a random sequence of2,808 playing cards. Before you start trying to work it out, that's 54 packs of cards.
Presenter When was the first World Championships held, Jamie?
Jamie The first time the competition was held was back in 1991. It was organized by two British men: Tony Buzan, one of the world's experts in memory and learning, and Raymond Keane, the British chess Grand Master and the chess correspondent for a national newspaper.
Presenter So, who can compete in this competition?
Jamie Well, theoretically, anybody can take part. None of the top competitors would claim to have been born with a great memory. All of them have learned the necessary techniques to develop their skills, and they have practised to get to the top of their sport. Today, there are competitors from 30 different countries, all of them competing to be the next world champion.
Presenter And is the competition always held in the UK?
Jamie Most of the time, usually in London, but Oxford has hosted the championship once and so has Manchester. But the competition has also been held abroad a few times: twice in Bahrain, twice in China, and once in Malaysia.
Presenter Well, I'm sure I'm not going to remember all that, but Jamie, thanks for coming on.
9 B)))
Speaker 1 My dad's from Pakistan, so I have a lot of relatives living there. When my cousin Farheen got married, we all went over to the wedding. In the evening, I remember being inside a marquee - one of those large tents used for social occasions - when one of my aunties came up to me and put something around my neck. It was a garland of flowers - a big circle of them. At the time, I didn't realize that it was only tourists who wore garlands like this, so I said thank you, and went off to dance wearing the garland. Almost immediately, one of my cousins came up to me and said, 'You want to take that off. We don't really wear those over here.' 1 thought it was so nice that he wanted me to look like one of the family instead of making it obvious to everyone that I was a foreigner.
Speaker 2 This actually happened at my own wedding. My wife is from the United States and I'm from the Basque Country in the north of Spain. We were going to get married at a civil ceremony in a courthouse in New York. On the big day, we were at home getting ready, when we had a call from a friend waiting at the courthouse. She said, 'When are you guys planning to get here? Because you're on in minutes.' We had to leave fast! My father-in-law drove us to the courthouse, which luckily was only
five minutes from where we lived, but he couldn't park outside. It had started to rain, and we had to cross a very busy road to get there. The most memorable thing about our wedding is that we were both absolutely soaked! It was fun, though, and we often laugh about it now.
Speaker 3 When I was living in South Korea, a colleague invited me to her wedding. She was actually from there, so I was really looking forward to experiencing a real South Korean wedding. At the last minute, she asked me to be her bridesmaid - even better, I thought. When we got to the venue, I was surprised to see that there were a lot of other wedding parties there. This is because in Seoul, several couples get married on the same day. After the ceremony, it was time for the photos. My colleague was carrying a bouquet of beautiful flowers, and I had to catch the bouquet for one of the photos. She had to throw it to me three times before the photographer could get the perfect picture!
Speaker 4 One of my uncles is Greek, so when my cousins got married -in the UK - their weddings always incorporated some of the Greek traditions. 1 must have been about six when my cousin Linda married her husband, Larry. I can't recall anything at all about the ceremony, but I have great memories of the reception. My cousin was going around the tables in a long white dress which had bits of money pinned to it. Every so often, a guest would get up and pin some more money to her dress. By the end of the evening, her dress was no longer white, because it was covered in blue and green bank notes. I can remember her laughing and looking really happy that day.
Speaker 5 When I first arrived in Spain in the late 70s, I was invited to a very smart wedding. I decided to wear my best dress, which was akind of ethnic Indian dress with lots of little mirrors and embroidery all over it. I had never been to a Spanish wedding before, so I thought my dress would be perfect. Unfortunately, I was wrong. When I got to the wedding, all of the other guests were dressed in incredibly formal outfits. The men were all in suits and the women were wearing beautiful long gowns. The most embarrassing thing was that the other guests thought I was in fancy dress. I went right off that dress and I gave it away as soon as I could. I later regretted it, though.
t£Q A)))
Presenter One of the most popular destinations in the USA is San Francisco, and I'm going to tell you a bit about its top five tourist attractions.
No surprises for the first one: The Golden Gate Bridge. This is a suspension bridge which crosses the strait between San Francisco and Marin County to the north. It took seven years to build and it was completed in 1937. The bridge is painted orange so that it can be seen in the thick fog that often appears in the bay.
Next on my list is San Francisco's historical fishing district, known as Fisherman's Wharf. For over a century, this area was the centre of the city's fishing community, and it is still famous for having the best seafood restaurants. One of the highlights is Pier 39, where the sea lions come out of the water to rest on the pier. Other attractions include museums, souvenir stores, historical buildings, and scenic views over the bay.
OK, number three is the Island of Alcatraz, also known as The Rock. In the past, the prison on the island held some of the most notorious criminals of the time, including Al Capone. Surrounded by the freezing waters of San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz was believed to be inescapable. Today, the island is a popular tourist attraction and a historic site, and it's open for tours.
Number four is probably the most famous street in San Francisco. It's called Lombard Street, and it's famous because of its steep slope and its tight corners. One part of the street contains eight hairpin bends, which were created to make the hill less steep. The speed limit in this section is only eight kilometres an hour.
And finally, the last attraction on my list is the tallest building on the San Francisco skyline, and it's called the Transamerica Pyramid. This is a skyscraper in the shape of a pyramid that is located in the heart of the financial district. It was finished in 1972 and it's 260 metres high. According to its architect, a pyramid is the best shape for a skyscraper because it lets more air and light into the streets below.
I could easily give you another ten attractions, but that is all we have time for.
lOB)))
Presenter Now, the results of some very important tests are due out next week, but you may not know anything about them. I'm not talking about O-levels or A-levels, but the PISA tests, which take place in over 70 countries of the world. Andrew, what does PISA actually stand for?
Andrew PISA letters stand for Programme for International Student Assessment. And these tests are organized by an international organization called the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD for short. There are currently 34 members of the OECD, but that number is changing all the time as more countries join. All of the member countries sit the PISA tests, but countries who aren't members can also apply to do them.
Presenter OK, so what is the point of these tests?
Andrew Well, the idea is that the results give each country an idea of how well its education system is working. The OECD started working on PISA in the mid-1990s and it was officially launched in 1997. The first tests took place in the year 2000, and since then, they have been held every three years.
Presenter So who were the PISA tests developed for?
Andrew Students can take the tests when they are around 15 years old, but not every student takes part. The OECD makes a random selection of schools, to cover a wide range of backgrounds and abilities; it isn't only students from the best schools that are involved.
Presenter What are the students tested on?
Andrew There are three different tests: reading, maths, and science. Each student sits a two-hour test that covers all three subjects. The tests consist of both multiple-choice questions and questions which require students to write their own response. The combination of questions on the test paper is different for each student. Up until now, the tests have been pen -and-paper, but the OECD is studying the possibility of introducing computer-based tests in the future.
Presenter Which countries do well in the PISA tests?
Andrew Well, there are three countries that regularly come in the top three. These are China - especially the city of Shanghai, Korea, and Finland.
Presenter And why do Asian students tend to be better than the rest?
Andrew It's a question of expectation, really. All students are expected to get good marks, and so they do. On the other hand, the standard of teaching is also very high, and teachers are well-paid and receive good training. Today, the focus in schools is on understanding and not memorizing, so that also helps.
Presenter What about Finland?
Andrew Finland is an interesting case, because the system has not always been so good. But since the school reforms of the 1970s, Finland has become one of the world leaders in education. Schools employ only the best teachers, who work on the principle that all of the students are able to do well. If a child is struggling, it is the responsibility of the school to help that child, so that no one is left behind. These factors mean that there is a climate of trust between the educators and the community, which helps the system work.
Presenter It sounds like we all have something to learn from Finland, then. Thank you.
Answer key
1 READING & VOCABULARY
a 1 to create a new image
2 for fun
3 to have more privacy
i 2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2 go about
3 proof
4 seek to
5 stand out
6 solicitor
7 for fun
8 birth certificate
9 feel sorry
10 maiden name
2 PRONUNCIATION
Alex, Sam James, Kate Emily Eve, Leo Bill, Chris Mike, Ryan Paula, Sean Joe, Sophie
3 GRAMMAR
a 3 I can't find them.
4 S
5 They haven't invited us.
6 I can't find mine.
7 S
8 Their names are Sarah and Laura.
9 Let's take yours. 10 S
b 2 My parents gave us very unusual names.
3 A friend is cooking dinner for me tonight.
4 Our neighbour is going to lend us his apartment for the weekend.
5 Becky's mum is making a party dress for her.
6 I'm going to sell my old car to a neighbour.
7 My dad writes a lot of letters to his old friends.
8 We gave the hosts a box of chocolates.
c 2 sent them to her
3 is reading it to them
4 lent it to him
5 found it for me
6 brought them for us
7 is going to buy it for her
8 showed it to me
4 LISTENING
a 1 Gizmodo, design and technology
2 Caterpillar, manufacturer of construction vehicles
3 Twitter, social networking site
b 1 Twitter
2 Gizmodo
3 Caterpillar
two
brainstorm week remember invent spelling animal/insect
8 moved
9 inspiration
1 VOCABULARY
a 2 bossy
3 possessive
4 cheerful
5 selfish
6 reliable
7 sociable
8 glamorous
9 powerful 10 creative
b 2 noisy
3 unprofitable
4 unrecognizable
5 spacious
6 comfortable
7 unhealthy
8 impressive
9 affordable
2 PRONUNCIATION
a Stress on first syllable: envious, sensible, stylish
Stress on second syllable: addictive, aggressive, desirable, rebellious Stress on third syllable: inexpensive, irresponsible, unattractive, unsuccessful
3 GRAMMAR
a 3 more stylish than mine
4 two different jackets
5 as expensive as
6 the most reliable
7 darker than mine
8 very colourful clothes
9 V
10 more popular than
b 2 ones
3 -
4 one
5 -
6 ones
c 2 more shocked
3 stupidest / most stupid
4 most thrilled
5 cleverer
6 more bored
7 more stressed
d 2 a bit shorter
3 much politer / more polite
4 a bit better
5 much more spacious
4 READING
a 2 C
3 E
4 B
5 A
b 1 a
2 c
3 b
4 b
5 a
: 2 revealed
3 synchronized
4 consultation
5 blue
6 promotes
7 the sick
8 treatment
9 cells
10 Papyrus scrolls
5 LISTENING
a black and purple
b 2 blue
3 cupboards
4 neutral
.5 light blue
6 lighting
7 inviting
8 grey 2 PRONUNCIATION
9 Pale blue a 2 shorts
10 brightyellow 3 cmise
11 sea green 4 beks
12 dark colours 5 botdes
1 REPORTING LOST LUGGAGE
2 flight
3 just
4 medium size
5 belongings
6 contact
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
1 your day
2 let me, Allow me 4 isn't it, miss you
3 READING
a 1 A national identity card or a passport.
2 Yes, she can.
3 Six months
4 No, they can't.
5 When they are studying an English language course.
1 VOCABULARY
a 2 insect repellent
3 adaptor
4 memory card .S razor
6 sunscreen
7 swimsuit
8 brush
9 Flip-flops 10 wash bag
b 2 hiking
3 sailing
4 on a cruise
5 surfing
6 camping
7 on a tour
8 sightseeing
9 on a safari
10 on package holidays
c 2 saw
3 climbed
4 had .5 did
6 watched
7 sunbathed
8 got
3 GRAMMAR
a 2 uses
3 always packs
4 aren't listening
5 doesn't usually wear
6 is never
7 go
8 is your girlfriend talking to
9 speaks
10 Do you go
b 2 am/'m going
3 are, getting
4 am/'m flying
5 leaves
6 does, arrive
7 land
8 is picking me up
9 starts
10 are/'re meeting
11 don't want
12 am/'m, looking forward
c 2 recognize
3 is thinking
4 Does it belong
5 don't want
6 're having
7 don't agree
8 don't see
9 tastes
10 doesn't matter
4 READING
a 1 Campbell Island, New Zealand
2 No, he didn't
b 1 b
2 a
3 c
4 a
5 b
6 c
5 LISTENING
a 1 B
2 D
3 E
4 A
5 C
b A speaker 3 B speaker 1 C speaker 4 D speaker 2 E speaker 5
1 VOCABULARY
a 2 hypermarket
3 florist's
4 stationer's
5 chemist's
6 estate agent's
7 butcher's
8 baker's
9 fishmonger's
10 newsagent's
11 jeweller's
12 greengrocer's
b 2 dry cleaner's
3 health food store
4 travel agent's
5 craft fair
6 chain store
7 off-licence
8 DIY store
c 2 've looked round
3 are opening up
4 try on
5 closed down
6 was looking for
2 READING
a 2 B
3 E
4 A
5 D
b 2 F
3 T
4 F
5 F
6 T
7 T
8 T
9 T 10 F
3 GRAMMAR
a 2 We saw James's new car yesterday.
3 There's a barbecue at John's on Saturday.
4 Karen is a very good friend of mine.
5 That's a beautiful painting of a sunset.
b 3 The boys' bikes
4 The door of the house
5 our own shop
6 a friend of yours
7 S
c 3 my parents' wedding anniversary
4 Linda and D ave's c ar
5 his boss's office fi the lid of my pen
4 PRONUNCIATION
a 3 ■/
4 *
5 *
6 S
7 ^
8 x
9 S 10 x
5 LISTENING
a C To make residents want to shop in their high street.
b 1 5,000
2 hardly ever
3 Reinventing, High Street
4 Children's children
5 Experts, consumers
6 Click, collect
7 Celebrities
8 High Street, Year
9 residents
___
1 GRAMMAR
a 2 We took
3 used to have
4 We were sitting
5 Where did you stay
6 I didn't use to eat
7 What were you doing
8 you weren't listening
9 Did you use to play 10 stopped eating meat
b 2 woke up, didn't have
3 was reading, was finishing
4 didn't use to need, started
5 didn't hear, was listening
6 weren't driving, h it
7 lived, was
8 used to go shopping, built
9 lost, were waiting 10 used to spend, were
c 2 used to see
3 was looking after
4 were visiting
5 was playing
6 was cooking
7 called
8 was running
9 caught
10 hurt
11 didn't think
12 explained
13 was looking forward to
14 could
15 was progressing
2 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 hoped, missed, washed, watched
2 changed, lived, played, studied, travelled
3 decided, ended, hated, started, wanted
3 VOCABULARY
a 2 Teenagers
3 in his late thirties
4 pre-teen
5 inhis mid-sixties
6 Toddlers
7 in her early twenties
8 pensioner
9 children
4 READING
a B Mums and teenage girls: a love-hate relationship
b 2 F 5  F 8 F
3 F 6  T 9 F
4 F 7 T        10 T
c 1 siblings
2 rows
3 eventually
4 fall out
5 answering back
6 tantrum
7 bad language
8 brought up
9 close
10 despite
11 priceless
12 heart-to-hearts
§ LISTENING
a 2 neutral
b 2 twenties
3 70
4 a new TV series
5 shocked
6 five hundred dollars
7 junk food
8 pop culture
9 history
10 Wednesday
1 READING
a 4 where she lives now
b 1 c
2 a
3 c
4 b
5 a
c  1 recalled
2 claimed
3 striking
4 privacy
5 arouse her curiosity
6 assignment
7 approach
8 enquiries
2 VOCABULARY
a 2 in the bottom right-hand corner
3 behind
4 on top of
5 In the centre
6 in the distance
7 in front of
8 opposite
9 In the background
10 in the top left-hand corner
b 2 lenses
3 portrait setting
4 enlarge
5 zoom in
6 flash
7 out of focus
3 PRONUNCIATION
a Stress on first syllable: background, foreground, photocopy, photograph Stress on second syllable: behind, photographer, photography Stress on third syllable: photogenic, photographic
4 GRAMMAR
a 2 cycled over
3 swam across
4 sat next to
5 ran along
6 stood in front of
7 walked past
8 danced round
9 fell down
b 3 proud of
4 paid for
5 told
6 married to
7 worried about
8 asked for
9 spend on 10 arrived at
c 2 looking forward to going
3 very good at drawing
4 blamed me for breaking
5 believe in having
6 apologized for forgetting
5 LISTENING
a A-2 B-3 C-l
b 1 March
2 the third tallest
3 enlarge it
4 was taken
5 the distance
6 exotic
7 boy in the foreground
8 three men in the boat (with ducks)
2 packet
3 jar
4 tub
5 bottle
6 carton
7 tin
8 can
2 reused them
3 reapply it
4 recycle polystyrene trays
.5 replayed the last five minutes
6 rethinking his future
5 LISTENING
a The best is Sweden. The worst is South Africa.
600
plastic bags 480
electrical goods 0.5
clothes
0.7
3.3
>}i.\- All kinds of problems 1 RENTING A CAR
a 2	What kind
3	Would you
4	Will there
5	Does that
6	Can I
b b	5
c	6
d	4
c	2
f	3
SOCIAL ENGLISH
1 up
2 afraid
3 later
4 tone .S Hang
READING
1 A first time driver in the UK should rent a car at their holiday destination.
2 There's a speed camera 200 meters after a white sign with a camera on it.
3 In towns you can drive at 30mph.
4 You should only overtake a tractor if you have a long, clear view of the road ahead.
LVOCABULARY
l 2 bins
3 waste
4 packaging
5 waste-paper basket
6 throw away
7 take out
8 dustmen
9 take away 10 landfill site
PRONUNCIATION
2 rubbish
3 garbage
4 recycle
5 away
6 plastic
READING
__________r_____
a	1	D
	2	B
	3	R
	4	A
	5	C
b	1	a
	2	c
	3	a
	4	c
	5	b
c	1	binned
	2	special offers
	3	colossal
	4	edible
	5	gooff
	6	starving
	7	shape
	8	budget
	9	undervalue
4	GRAMMAR	
a	3	I'll call
	4	shall we do
	5	✓
	6	I won't tell
	7	I'll make
	8	V
	9	It'll melt
10 Shall I clear
) 2 shall we start
3 I'll move
4 I'll go
5 Are you going to take
6 I won't have
7 I'm giving / I'm going to give
8 He's coming round / He's going to come round
9 Won't you have
10 shall I do
11 I'll help
12 I won't drop
I VOCABULARY
Across:
5 faculty
6 seminar
7 tutor
10 dissertation
Down:
1 webinar
2 lecture
4 postgraduate
7 thesis
8 professor
9 campus
> 2 qualifications
3 experience
4 apply for
5 skills
6 referee
7 covering letter
8 attend
9 got
10 worked
PRONUNCIATION
Stress on first syllable: residence, scholarship, seminar, vacancy Stress on second syllable: degree, postgraduate, professor, tutorial Stress on third syllable: dissertation, referee, undergraduate
READING
a	1	B
	2	C
	3	A
b	1	B
	2	C
	3	A
	4	C
	5	A
	6	B
c	1	domain name
	2	reviewer
	3	amassed
	4	coverage
	5	ventures
	6	articulate
4 GRAMMAR
a 3 we wouldn't complain
4 ✓
5 if we don't work late
6 ✓
7 unless they agree to his conditions
8 He'll do a postgraduate course
9 if I was / were a student 10 ■/
b 2 she didn't have a boyfriend
3 Becky won't go to an American university
4 Matt would live in a hall of residence
5 you have enough exp er ience
6 If you don't wear the right clothes
7 you wouldn't miss your lectures
8 the teacher will notice
5 LISTENING
a C The length of internships should be reduced.
b 1 fifth
2 living
3 78
4 talented
5 illegal
6 fine
7 fewer
8 experience
1 READING
a 1 20th July 1969
2 2 9th April 2011
3 2nd June 1953
4 4th November 2008
5 27thJuly 2012
6 14th October 2012
b 1 c
2 a
3 b
4 c
5 a
2 VOCABULARY
a 2 stand
3 turned, on
4 remote control
5 was on
6 turned up
7 switched over
8 speakers
9 turned off 10 turn down
b 2 cartoon
3 live sport
4 reality show
5 cookery programme
6 documentary
7 period drama
8 quiz show
9 chat show
3 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 weather forecast, weekend
2 voted, best band
3 visited Vietnam
4 watch, quiz, Wednesday
5 volleyball, valuable victory
6 very busy, business
4 GRAMMAR
a 3 has just finished
4 for 20 years
5 V
6 Have you ever been
7 y
8 We've known each other
9 I haven't ever liked / I've never liked 10 V
b 2 has just resigned
3 didn't turn off
4 I haven't watched
5 has been on
6 I've already read
7 all day
8 for a month
c 2 has had his speakers for
3 have /'ve just got
4 has been an actor/actress since
5 have/'ve moved house three times
6 have /'ve never liked
7 got married ten years ago
8 have /'ve already had one
5 LISTENING
a 1 Speakers 3,4 2 Speakers 1, 2, 5
b 1 E
2 A
3 F
4 D
5 B
1 VOCABULARY
a 2 hill
3 valley
4 plant
5 wheat
6 ripe
7 stream
8 bush
9 harvest
10 gate
11 cliff
12 pond
b 2 hedges
3 fences
4 crops
5 grass
6 cows
7 sheep
8 lambs
9 farmhouse
10 barn
11 hens
12 cockerel
2 PRONUNCIATION
a 2 valley
3 hedge
4 grow
5 stones
3 READING
a The farm opens at 9.00 a.m. on
Wednesdays. Visitors can buy ice cream, cold drinks, meringues, honey, and sugar, as well as fruit and vegetables.
b 1 D
2 F
3 A
4 E
5 C
6 B
4 GRAMMAR
a 2 have been going
3 has been walking
4 have been using
5 have been drinking
6 haven't been eating
7 have been swimming
8 has been playing
9 has been making 10 hasn't been adding
b 2 has been living in Paris for two years
3 have been going out together for a year
4 has been studying since she came home from school
5 've been training for the new season for three weeks
6 's beenraining since about 8 o'clock
82
5 LISTENING
a She'd like to live in the city.
b 1 Susan lives in north Germany.
2 The village school has around 80 pupils.
3 Their organic food company buys grain from other organic farms.
4 The company sells its products in nearly every European country.
5 Susan likes going running along the country roads and through the woods.
6 She plays in the village band.
7 She doesn't like going out at night because it's really dark.
8 She would like to live closer to an airport.
?Vjfcj 'Time to tell the police
MAKING A REPORT
2 Did you notice anything unusual this evening?
3 Is there anything else?
4 Can yoi: describe her?
5 When did you last see her?
6 Do you know what her plans were?
b 4
c 5
d 6
e 2
f 3
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
2 listen carefully
3 it mean
4 all right
5 message from
READING
2 You contact the police.
3 A police officer completes a computer report.
4 The report is uploaded onto the Police National Computer.
5 Police officers look for evidence at the missing person's house.
6 The police encourage you to continue asking questions.
1 VOCABULARY
padlock
ladder
drill
nails
tiles
bricks
8 bucket
9 string 10 thread
Hidden object in a shed: paintbrush
> 2 torch
3 handle
4 matches
5 sellotape
6 glue
are/'re putting up is/'s drilling is/'s sticking is/'s sewing are/'re changing
2 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 We struggled with the shelves.
2 The TV screen is scratched.
3 He asked if I was stressed.
4 The actress likes the script.
5 They jumped into the stream.
6 An ice cream costs 90p.
READING
No, only a third of people have a natural ability for DIY.
1 D
2 A
3 E
4 B
5 C
4 GRAMMAR
a 3 don't have to
4 ✓
5 V
6 must
7 ought not to
10 mustn't
i 2 mustn't make a noise
3 have to wear a helmet
4 don't need to decorate
5 ought to keep
6 don't have to pay
7 you must take used batteries
8 mustn't let children play
5 LISTENING
a 1 Speaker 3
2 Speakers 1,4, and 5
3 Speaker 2
1 GRAMMAR
a 3 ✓
haven't been able to ✓
be able to been able to
4
5
6
7
8
9 10
✓
11 was able to
12 not being able to
) 3 Could I sit here, please?
4 I haven't been able to write to you.
5 She couldn't finish the meal. She wasn't able to finish the meal.
6 They want to be able to cook their own meals.
7 That can't be John.
8 We are delighted that we can come to your party. / We are delighted that we are able to come to your party.
9 I love being able to get up late in the holidays.
10 We were able to book a room with a sea
	view.
2 READING	
a 3	Service with a smi
b 2	T
3	F
4	F
5	T
6	F
7	F
8	F
9	T
10	T
c 1	greet
2	grievances
3	guidelines
4	controversial
5	fleet
6	holding up
7	getting away with
8	approached
9	stow
10	jeopardize
3 VOCABULARY	
a 2	bowl
3	corkscrew-
4	jug
5	tablecloth
6	teapot
7	wine glass
8	knife
9	spoons
10	saucer
7 screwdriver
b 2 not booked
3 cleared
4 serving
5 take
6 carrying
7 hadn't laid
8 poured
9 tried
10 sent, back
11 ordered
12 asked for
13 leaving
4 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 salt and pepper
2 fish and chips
3 bread and butter
4 oil and vinegar
5 cup and saucer
5 LISTENING
a 6,4,5,1,2,3
b 1 act immediately
2 calm, polite
3 blame the waiter
4 to the manager
5 have forgotten
6 the UK
7 food poisoning
1 VOCABULARY
2 Insert
3 Enter
4 withdraw
5 current
6 cancel
7 Remove
8 deposit
2 GRAMMAR
a 3	✓
4	turn it down, please
5	
6	</
7	call me back later
8	you write them down
9	
10	help me put it up
b 2	Do you mind if I switch them on
3	I don't get on with her
4	He's going out with her
5	I would send it back, if I were you
6	I've been looking after them
7	Can you ask for it
8	Why don't you try them on
9	John is going to move in with her next
	month
10	I'm going to throw them away
3 PRONUNCIATION
a	1	switch it on
	2	ask her out
	3	write it down
	4	wake them up
	5	make it up
	6	send him in
4	READING	
b	l	D
		A
	3	E
	4	B
c	1	conceal
	2	slot
	3	spotted
	4	jamming
	5	bumping into
	6	peak times
	7	capture
	8	snatch
	9	fraudsters
5	VOCABULA	
a	2	made up
	3	given up
	4	come round
	5	is taking on
	6	come up with
7 kept on running
8 always turns up
b 2 is away
3 put, away
4 give, away
5 get, back
6 callback
7 give, back
8 run away
6 LISTENING
a 1 Secret Millionaire
2 a millionaire
3 They're all charity organisations.
b 1 reality show
2 playing cards/poker
3 one-bedroom flat
4 children and young people
5 toys
6 magazine
7 cried
8 £100,000
1 READING
a 1 New Year's concert Rio, 1994
2 US Festival, 1983
b 1 B
2 A
3 C
4 D
5 A
6 D
7 B
8 C
2 VOCABULARY
a 2 audience
3 hal f time
4 fans
5 programme
6 scene
7 circle
b 2 opponent
3 box office
4 score
5 curtain
6 final whistle
7 matinee
8 extra time
9 tickets
3 PRONUNCIATION
a Stress on first syllable: audience, curtain, interval, matinee, programme, theatre Stress on second syllable: event, opponent, performance, spectators
4 GRAMMAR
a 2 to book
3 start
4 to get up
5 not seeing
6 Going
7 not to cook
8 to wear
9 to celebrate 10 watching
b 2 looking after
3 talking
4 not to see
5 be
6 walking
7 not taking
8 to get changed
9 stealing 10 to enjoy
c 2 advised me to rest
3 told her to apply for
4 asked him to decorate
5 ordered me to stop
6 invited them to come round
7 said we were allowed to stay out
8 wanted the baby to be
5 LISTENING			b 2	T
a 1 c 2 e			3	F
			4	T
3 b			5	F
4 f			6	T
5 a			7	F
6 d			8	T
b 1 a			c 1	keep in shape
2 b			2	consumed a balanced diet
^ r			3	health-conscious
J c 4 a			4	wake-up call
5 c			5 6 7 8	potential vices the least likely commissioned
			9	owned up
	11m	hi it-)due?	10	forty-somethings
VOCABULARY
1 TALKING ABOUT HOUSE RULES
2 start
3 problem
4 can't
5 That's
6 else
7 anything
8 Could
9 word
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
1 I'll keep trying
2 It's all such a mess, I hope so
3 Did you get that
3 READING
1 T
2 T
3 F
4 T
5 F
1 VOCABULARY
a 2 lifting weights
3 sit ups
4 press ups
5 rowing machine
6 cross trainers
7 aerobics
8 Pilates
9 stretching
b 2 massage
3 manicure
4 pedicure
5 waxing
6 fake tan
2 READING
a  1 30-39s 2 18-29s
3 GRAMMAR
a 2 have my hair cut
3 We're fitting a new bathroom
4 have your eyes tested
.5 have the shopping delivered
6 paint the living room
7 have some prints made
b 2 have my photo taken
3 do, have your hair dyed
4 didn't have their car serviced
5 have the locks changed
6 Did, have your TV repaired
7 have/'ve, had my fortune told
8 has his car washed
4 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 How often do you have your eyes tested?
2 They've never had their shopping delivered.
3 When did you last have your hair cut?
4 We're having our flat painted next week.
5 I love having my head massaged.
5 VOCABULARY
2 blow dry
3 highlights
4 dyed
5 parting
6 trim
7 ponytail
8 straightened
6 LISTENING
a  1 Mexico
2 Canada
3 Slovenia
4 Greece
5 South Africa
b 1 location
2 temperatures
3 medicine
4 building
5 luxurious
army leader
war attack monarchy
7 battle
8 revolution
9 civil war 10 victory
2 PRONUNCIATION
a 2 avatar
3 army
4 monarchy
5 parting
6 warning
3 GRAMMAR
a 2 are given in German, French, and Spanish
3 can be bought online
4 Have, been affected by pollution
5 wasn't being used, so we could go in
6 being watched by security guards
7 have to be handled with care
8 hadn'tbeencancelled
9 is being opened by the Mayor 10 will the next elections be held
b .3 ✓
4 x
5 ✓
6 x
7 V
8 x
9 x 10 •/
4 READING
a  1 It's in Africa and it's where the earliest signs of Homo sapiens have been found.
2 It's in China, and it's where the Han Chinese civilization began.
3 Tt's in New Mexico, USA, and it's where the first atomic bombs were created.
C B A A C B B A C
c 1 remains
2 wondering
3 predecessors
4 rises
5 in the final stages
6 flooding
7 gorge
8 flows
9 weapons 10 roughly
5 LISTENING
a 1 E
2 B
3 F
4 A
5 D
b 1 b
2 c
3 a
4 b
5 c
^___!______________________
1 GRAMMAR
a 3 she had never been
4 ✓
5 you had to stay in
6 he was studying
7 ✓
8 ✓
9 you wouldn't be late 10 S
b 2 he had been busy the previous week/ the week before
3 they had booked a flight for the following month / the next month
4 if he had to go then
5 he was working late that night
6 I didn't like that restaurant
7 I hadn't called her the previous day / the day before
8 if he was coming the next day / the following day
c 2 to go to bed
3 where I had learned to speak English
4 if we understood the instructions
5 not to call her at work
6 what time I would be home
7 to make less noise
8 not to forget his doctor's appointment
2 READING
b 1 A
2 C
3 D
4 C
5 B
6 D
7 A
8 B
c  1 familiar
2 break down
3 applicable
4 ancient
5 picture
6 mnemonics
7 retain
8 in advance
9 associate
3 VOCABULARY & PRONUNCIATION
a 2 memorize
3 memoirs
4 memorial
5 forgetful
6 memorable
7 unforgettable
b Stress on first syllable: memorize, memorable, memoirs Stress on second syllable: memorial, forgetful
Stress on third syllable: unforgettable
4 LISTENING
a 1 the events in the competition
2 the current world champion
3 the first world champion
4 the first competition
5 the competitors
6 the venue
b 1 next weekend
2 ten
3 21.19 seconds
4 912
5 eight
6 54
7 in 1991
8 British
9 30
10 in the UK
1 GRAMMAR
a 2 had never been
3 told
4 gave
5 woke up
6 hadn't gone off
7 had finished
8 waited
9 drove
10 had remembered
11 saw
12 had forgotten
13 came
14 had seen
15 had put
b 2 I'd waited another five minutes
3 he wouldn't have got lost
4 she hadn't felt ill
5 you'd looked after it
6 it hadn't been in the sale
7 would have gone to their wedding
8 the cat wouldn't have got out
2 VOCABULARY
Across:
1 hen partv
3 pageboy
7 bride
8 speech
10 guests
11 wedding ceremony Down:
2 registry office
4 bridesmaid
5 reception
6 groom
8 stag party
9 best man
3 READING
a	1	A
	2	C
	3	D
	4	B
b	1	b
	2	b
	3	c
	4	b
c	1	setup
	2	wig
	3	tribe
	4	floral
	5	newly-weds
	6	vows
	7	praise
	8	purifying
4 PRONUNCIATION
a  1 she'd forgotten
2 you hadn't received
3 they'd known
4 we hadn't got
5 he'd done
5 USTENING
a 1 /
2 /
3 x
4 S
5 *
b 1 F
2 T
3 T
4 F
5 F
Firiding Henry
GIVING DIRECTIONS IN A BUILDING
2 walk
3 through
4 straight
5 right
6 past
7 turn
8 carry
9 up
10 towards
11 should
2 SOCIAL ENGLISH
2 I must admit
3 It's great to have you back
4 Goodness knows
5 I just wish you were here
3 READING
a 1 The address of their destination
2 You should tell them the easiest way to get there, using buildings or shops to show where to turn.
3 Right
4 The time or distance
5 You shouldn't shout at the driver or point.
b 2 am
3 was
4 doesn't like
5 Did you do
6 Have you
7 isn't often
8 is being
9 Did you have 10 Had you
c  1 don't, have
2 Are, didn't
3 Does, has/'s
4 were, are/'re
5 Had, was
6 Are, do
7 Have, am/'m
8 was, have/'ve
9 Has, is/'s 10 Did, wasn't
2 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 We aren't going out tonight.
2 When are you going on holiday?
3 She does aerobics to keep fit.
4 Who does the baby look like?
5 I have a friend in New York.
6 Where have you been?
3 READING
b 1 B
2 A
3 D
4 B
5 C
6 A
7 C
8 D
4 VOCABULARY
a 2 parking lot
3 high school
4 restroom
5 vacation
6 movie
7 cell phone
8 movie theater
9 fries
10 garbage
b 2 bill
3 trainers
4 tap
5 queue
6 pavement
7 underground
8 lift
9 petrol 10 sweets
5 LISTENING
a 2 Fisherman's Wharf
3 Alcatraz Island
4 Lombard Street
5 Transam erica Pyramid
b 1 seven years
2 thick fog
3 seafood
4 sea lions
5 The Rock
6 a prison
7 eight
8 8kmph
9 in the financial district 10 260 metres high
VOCABULARY
2 cheat
3 sit, take
4 fail
5 cram
2 PRONUNCIATION
a 1 fail, invigilator, papers, take
2 cram, examiner
3 marks, pass
4 oral
: 2 cheat
3 could
4 written
5 nervous
6 guess
7 multiple
8 university
9 revise 10 choice
3 READING
a 1 E 3D
2 A
b 1 b 2 b
4 F
3 a
4 a
5 C
5 b
c 1 off-putting
2 your mind wanders
3 keep you on your toes
4 jotting down
5 get to grips with it
6 creeping up on
7 under-perform
4 GRAMMAR	
a 2	I've known
3	was shining
4	is giving out
5	she's going to
6	I've made
7	I took
8	He spoke
9	I'll
10	he'd spent
b 2	used to live
3	have to go
4	hasn't been cleaned
5	had it dyed
6	he couldn't start
7	I'd lose
8	you to make
9	he didn't love
10	If I'd known
5 LISTENING
a China, Korea, and Finland
b 1 Assessment
2 OECD
3 education system
4 2000
5 three years
6 IS
7 reading
8 two hours
9 expectations 10 trust
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acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all the teachers and students round the world whose feedback has helped us to shape English File.
The authors would also like to thank; all those at Oxford University Press (both in Oxford and around the world) and the design team who have contributed their skills and ideas to producing this course.
Finally very special thanks from Give to Maria Angeles, Lucia, and Erie, and from Christina to Cristina, for all their support and encouragement. Christina would also like to thank her children Joaquin. Marco, and Krysiafor their constant inspiration. The authors and publisher are grateful to those who have given permission to reproduce the/ollowing extracts and adaptations of copyright material: p.9 Adapted extract from "Colour therapy", The Observer, 6 July 2008. Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2008. Reproduced by permission, p.10 Extracts from "Rights and Responsibilities" and "Visiting the UK", www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk, accessed 20 November 2013. Contains public sector rnformation licensed under the Open Government Licence v2.0. p.19 Adapted extract from "Women FINALLY appreciate their mothers at the age of 23.,. and only after 183 rows" by Martha De Lacey, Daily Mail online 14 May 2013. Reproduced by permission of Solo Syndication, p.23 Extract from "Top 10 UK and Irekind Driving Tips" by Ferne Arfin. ©2013 Feme Arfin (http://gouk.about.com/). Used with permission of About Inc., which can be found online at www.about.com. All rights reserved, p.28 Adapted extract from "Top 25 Young Entrepreneur Success Stories" by Nicholas Tart, http://juniorbiz.com. 3 September 2010. Reproduced by land permission of Nick Tart, p.34 Information taken from http://www. parksidefarmpyo.co.uk, 14 October 2013. Reproduced by kind permission of FJ Whitman & Sons Ltd, Parkside Farm. p.36 Extract from the Metropolitan Police website on Missing Persons, http://content.met.police.uk, accessed 20 November 2013. © Mayor's Office for Policing and Crime 2013. Reproduced by permission, p.38 Adapted extract from "A handy excuse: DIY ability is in the genes", Daily Mail online 31 March 2010. Reproduced by permission of Solo Syndication, p.38 Adapted extract from "Wife tells accident-prone Mr Fix It to quit DIY after one too many bungles", Mail on Sunday 24 July 2011. Reproduced by permission of Solo Syndication, p.41 Adapted extract from "Japanese airline tells customers flight attendants will not help them" by JulianRyall, www.telegraph.co.uk, 7June 2012. ©Telegraph Media Group Limited 2012. Reproduced by permission, p.44 Extract from "4 ATM Scams You Need to Know About" by Martin, www.money.co.uk, accessed 14 October 2013. Reproduced by permission, p.49 Adapted extract from "Top 10 renting tips: how to be a happy tenant" by Rupert Jones, The Guardian, 31 August 2012. Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2012. Reproduced by permission, p.70 Adapted extract from "Reinventing the High Street: join the Telegraph campaign" by Peter Stanford, www.telegraph.co.uk, 19 April 2013. © Telegraph Media Group Limited 2013. Reproduced by permission. Although every effort has been made to trace and contact copyright holders before publication, this has not been possible in some cases. We apologise for any apparent infringement of copyright and, if notified, the publisher will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest possible opportunity.
Sources: www.bbc.co.uk; wmv.dailymail.co.uk; www.telegraph.co.uk; www.edibleapple.com; www.thisblogrules.com; www.wilcihow.com; www.wikipedia.com
The publisher would like to thank the/ollowing/or their kind permission to reproduce photographs: Farrhad Acidwalla p.28, Alamy pp.6 (PSL/CAT logo, Ingvar Björk/ Twitter logo, TK/constniction vehicle), 7 (Ruslan Kudrin), 13 (Stockpicz/ phone), 30 (Lightroom Photos/man on moon), 33 (Paul White-Real Yorkshire), 35 (Bildagenturonüne/Klein), 38 (Blend Images), 44 (Jochen Tack/skimmer ATM, dpa picture alliance archive/hidden camera, Bubbles Photolibrary/card trap), 47, 50 (Terra Images/press ups), 51 (TLF Design) 54 (age footstock/rift valley, Ian Dagnall/Los Alamos), 58 (LLC/cards), 60 (epa European pressphoto agency b.v./Japanese bride, Curt Wiler/Maasai bride), 61 (Deborah Benbrook Photography) 67 (Keith Morris), Catherine Blackie p.13 (passport), 37 (mending cup), Savannah Britt p.28, Corbis pp.13 (Andre Davies/Robert Harding Specialist Stock/crab), 37 (RG Images/Stock4B/drilling, DreamPictures/ Blend Images/changing wheel), 42 (Ocean), 50 (Robert Recker/spinning), 64 (Smithsonian Institution/Sitting Bull, Bettmann/Louis Armstrong), Future Publishing p.6 (Gizmodo logo), Getty Images pp.4 (Elle Macpherson, Michael Ochs Archives/John Wayne), 6 (George Grall/caterpillar), 11 (Ian Woolcock), 17 (Blend Images/Mike Kemp), 19 (JGI/Jamie Grill), 20 (AFP), 22 (Craig Ferguson/photographers, Thomas Kokta/fishermen, Amos Chappie/ children playing in fountain), 25 (MCT), 26 (Alistair Berg), 30 (Prince William wedding, Queen Elizabeth II coronation, AFP/Barack Obama), 37 (Brad Wilson/ tying shoelaces, Paul Bradbury/putting up shelves, 40 (Mediaphotos/man cooking, Lonely Planet/hotel), 44 (Image Source/suspicious man), 47 (NBAE/ basketball), 48 (egeeksen), 50 (Robert Daly/sit ups, 52 (Tetra Images/Yuri Arcurs), 54 (View Stock/Yellow river), 55 (AFP), 58 (Alen Popov/concert), 60 (Mexican wedding, AFP/hand), 63 (Pawel Gaul), 64 (George Washington, Rosa Parks), Alonso Herranz Hudson p.21, Istockphoto pp.31, 37 (sewing), 50 (aerobics), Landyvision p.46 (Elliott Landy), North News and Pictures p.13, Rex Features pp.4 (Elton John), 13 (Steve Meddle/knife, Martin Lee/houmous), 15 (Alex Segre), 30 (Daily Mail/Bruce Adams/Olympics, Red Bull Content Pool/ Felix Baumgartner), 41 (Sipa Press), Shutterstock p.50 (weight lifting, rowing machine, cross trainer, exercise ball, stretching), Adorra Svitak p.28 Illustrations by: Christina Hart Davies p.34, Dutch Uncle Agency/Atsushi Hara pp.5, 29, 32,43, Joe Mclaren p.57, Roger Penwill pp.8, 21, 39, 45
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