Okruh Domácí násilí

1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)
  * DV (Domestic Violence) affects people of all ages and backgrounds.
  * IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) often includes physical, emotional, and financial abuse.
  * CPS (Child Protective Services) may intervene in cases where children are endangered by
domestic violence.


2. Odborná terminologie
  * Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behavior used to gain power and control over a
partner.
  * The cycle of abuse includes phases of tension-building, an incident of abuse, reconciliation,
and calm.
  * Survivors of domestic violence often experience long-term psychological effects, including PTSD
and depression.
  * Shelters provide victims with temporary housing and access to legal and psychological support.
  * Economic abuse is a form of control where the victim is deprived of financial resources.


3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)
  * "I feel trapped; I can’t leave because I don’t have any money of my own."
  * "He says he didn’t mean to hurt me, but this isn’t the first time."
  * "She controls everything I do—who I see, where I go, even what I eat."
  * "The bruises are always in places where no one can see them."
  * "I don’t think I can go to the police—they won’t believe me."










Okruh Drogy a látkové závislosti:


1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)
  * DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) monitors the illegal distribution of controlled
substances.
  * SUD (Substance Use Disorder) is a medical condition characterized by an inability to control
substance use.
  * MAT (Medication-Assisted Treatment) is often used to treat opioid addiction.
  * AA (Alcoholics Anonymous) provides peer support for individuals recovering from alcoholism.
  * MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as ecstasy, is classified as a Schedule I
drug in the US.


2. Odborná terminologie
  * Addiction is a chronic disease affecting the brain's reward, motivation, and memory systems.
  * Harm reduction strategies, such as needle exchange programs, aim to minimize the risks
associated with drug use.
  * Withdrawal symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the substance and level of
dependency.
  * Psychoactive substances alter perception, mood, or consciousness.
  * Rehabilitation centers provide both inpatient and outpatient services for people recovering
from substance abuse.


3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)
  * "I only use on weekends, but I’m starting to feel like I need it to relax."
  * "I’ve tried to quit cold turkey before, but the cravings are too strong."
  * "He says he’s clean, but I found syringes in his room."
  * "The pills make me feel like I can finally function, but I know I’m taking too many."
  * "I think she’s using again; she’s been acting really paranoid lately."




Okruh Nelátkové nelátkové závislosti

1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)
  * IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder) is becoming increasingly common among teenagers.
  * FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) is a major factor driving excessive use of social media.
  * IGD (Internet Gaming Disorder) is recognized as a mental health condition by the WHO.
  * CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) is often used to treat behavioral addictions.
  * DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) includes gambling
disorder as a behavioral addiction.


2. Odborná terminologie
  * Behavioral addictions, such as shopping or gaming addiction, share similarities with substance
use disorders.
  * Excessive screen time can lead to issues such as poor sleep, decreased productivity, and social
isolation.
  * Loot boxes in online games are often criticized for promoting gambling behavior in minors.
  * Social media platforms are designed to maximize engagement, which can contribute to compulsive
usage.
  * Therapy for behavioral addictions focuses on identifying triggers and developing healthier
coping mechanisms.


3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)
  * "I just wanted to check my phone for a minute, but suddenly two hours are gone."
  * "I can't stop buying things online—it’s like a high when I hit 'add to cart.'"
  * "He plays video games all night and skips school—it's like he’s addicted."
  * "I keep scrolling through social media even though I know I should go to bed."
  * "I can’t go a day without checking notifications; I feel anxious without my phone."








Okruh Nelátkové závislosti


1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)
  * OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) is sometimes linked to kleptomania as a compulsive
behavior.
  * GD (Gambling Disorder) is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to gamble despite negative
consequences.
  * SA (Sex Addicts Anonymous) offers peer support for those struggling with sexual addiction.
  * WLB (Work-Life Balance) is often compromised in individuals suffering from workaholism.
  * DSM-5 classifies both gambling disorder and kleptomania as impulse-control disorders.


2. Odborná terminologie
  * Workaholism is often driven by a need for achievement or fear of failure and can lead to
burnout.
  * Gambling addiction is reinforced by intermittent rewards, which strengthen the compulsive
behavior.
  * Kleptomania is an impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated urges to steal items of
little value.
  * Sexual addiction is marked by compulsive engagement in sexual behaviors despite harmful
consequences.
  * Cognitive-behavioral therapy is frequently used to address impulse-control disorders such as
gambling or kleptomania.


3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)
  * "I can’t stop working, even on weekends—I feel guilty when I take a break."
  * "I thought I could win back my losses, but I just keep losing more."
  * "I don’t even want the stuff I steal—it’s just the thrill of getting away with it."
  * "It’s like I’m trapped in a cycle of needing to watch porn or hook up—it’s ruining my
relationships."
  * "I don’t have a gambling problem—I just like to play a few hands, but maybe it’s getting out of
control."




okruh Látkové závislosti

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny (Anglické pojmy a akronymy)
  * THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the psychoactive component in marijuana and hashish.
  * LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) is a powerful hallucinogen often referred to as "acid."
  * MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as ecstasy, is popular in party scenes.
  * CNS (Central Nervous System) stimulants include cocaine and methamphetamine.
  * DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic found in certain plants and
animals.

2. Odborná terminologie
  * Marijuana and hashish are derived from the cannabis plant and have varying THC concentrations.
  * Cocaine is a stimulant drug that increases dopamine levels in the brain, leading to intense
euphoria.
  * Methamphetamine, commonly known as crystal meth or "meth," is highly addictive and neurotoxic.
  * Heroin is an opioid derived from morphine, often associated with high overdose risk.
  * Psychedelics like LSD and "magic mushrooms" (psilocybin) alter perception and consciousness.
  * Synthetic drugs such as "krokodil" are known for their devastating physical effects, including
severe tissue damage.

3. Hovorová angličtina (Neformální názvy a fráze)
  * "I just had a joint; it helps me relax." (marijuana)
  * "They offered me some acid at the festival." (LSD)
  * "He's been on coke all night—he’s so hyper." (cocaine)
  * "She’s hooked on smack; it’s really bad." (heroin)
  * "These shrooms made me see the craziest colors." (psilocybin mushrooms)
  * "That krokodil stuff is terrifying—it literally eats your skin." (synthetic desomorphine)
  * "He’s always rolling on molly at parties." (MDMA/ecstasy)
  * "I’m not sure what was in that pill, but it hit me like a truck."

Pojmy spojené s užíváním drog
  * Joint, blunt (marijuana cigarettes)
  * Snorting (cocaine)
  * Shooting up (heroin via injection)
  * Tripping (hallucinogens like LSD or mushrooms)
  * Rolling (MDMA/ecstasy)


Okruh Šikana

Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * Bullying refers to repetitive aggressive behavior with the intention to harm.
  * Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place online through social media or messaging apps.
  * Bystander effect describes how witnesses often fail to intervene during bullying incidents.
  * Flaming is an online exchange of insults in public forums or social media.
  * Doxxing involves revealing personal information about someone online without their consent.

Odborná terminologie
  * Bullying typically involves repeated, intentional acts that exploit an imbalance of power.
  * Cyberbullying can include trolling, impersonation, exclusion, or spreading rumors online.
  * Common causes of bullying include a need for control, social dominance, or poor self-esteem.
  * Effective interventions include anti-bullying campaigns, teacher training, and creating a
supportive classroom environment.

Hovorová angličtina
  * "He keeps texting me horrible things, and I can’t block him."
  * "She made a fake account just to embarrass me online."
  * "I don’t want to go to school—everyone’s talking about the photo he posted of me."
  * "They keep tagging me in memes that make fun of my weight."
  * "He’s always pushing me around in the hallway."
  * "She spread a rumor that I cheated on a test, and now no one talks to me."
  * "Why don’t the teachers ever do anything about him? He bullies everyone."
  * "I saw what they wrote about you in the group chat—it’s disgusting."
  * "He keeps giving me dirty looks and whispering behind my back."
  * "I’m scared to check my phone because there are always new hate messages."



Okruh Násilí na pracovišti

Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * Mobbing refers to group bullying aimed at an individual in the workplace.
  * Bossing is workplace harassment initiated by a superior.
  * HR (Human Resources) departments are responsible for managing workplace harassment reports.
  * Workplace violence includes physical, verbal, and psychological abuse.
  * Gaslighting in the workplace involves manipulation to make the victim question their reality.

Odborná terminologie
  * Mobbing involves collective harassment, such as exclusion, gossip, or undermining the victim’s
work.
  * Bossing occurs when superiors use their authority to intimidate, demean, or isolate
subordinates.
  * Risk factors for workplace violence include toxic organizational culture, poor leadership, and
high stress levels.
  * Prevention measures include anti-harassment policies, mediation, and anonymous reporting
systems.

Hovorová angličtina
  * "They keep ignoring my ideas in meetings, but then steal them and take credit." (mobbing)
  * "My boss keeps making sarcastic comments about my work—it’s so demoralizing." (bossing)
  * "I don’t feel safe here—people are always yelling or slamming things."
  * "She purposely gives me impossible deadlines to make me look bad."
  * "They keep spreading rumors that I’m lazy—it’s ruining my reputation." (mobbing)
  * "He watches everything I do, just waiting for me to make a mistake." (bossing)
  * "Nobody listens to me in the office—I feel invisible."
  * "My coworker deleted my files on purpose to sabotage me."
  * "He humiliated me in front of the whole team during a meeting." (bossing)
  * "I’m too scared to report it—what if they fire me?"



Okruh "Sociální aspekty agresivity a násilí ve společnosti. Extremismus, rasismus a xenofobie“

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * Hate speech refers to abusive or threatening speech targeting a group based on race, religion,
or ethnicity.
  * RWE (Right-Wing Extremism) and LWE (Left-Wing Extremism) are forms of political extremism.
  * Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of people perceived as foreigners.
  * Racism involves prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism based on race or ethnicity.
  * NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) often play a key role in preventing hate crimes and
extremism.

2. Odborná terminologie
  * Aggression can manifest as physical violence, verbal abuse, or psychological manipulation.
  * Extremism is characterized by rigid ideologies that justify violence against opposing groups.
  * Racism and xenophobia are rooted in stereotypes, social inequality, and historical injustices.
  * Hate crimes are criminal acts motivated by prejudice, often targeting minority groups.
  * Preventive strategies include education, promoting diversity, and enforcing anti-discrimination
laws.

3. Hovorová angličtina
  * "They always say immigrants are stealing jobs—it’s just not true." (xenophobia)
  * "He keeps posting racist memes online, and no one calls him out."
  * "That group protests against everything—they’re so extreme."
  * "I overheard them making really offensive jokes about her accent." (racism)
  * "Why do they hate people just because they look different?"
  * "He punched the guy just because he was wearing a rival team’s jersey." (aggression)
  * "She says she’s scared of anyone who doesn’t speak her language." (xenophobia)
  * "You can’t just assume everyone from that country is a criminal."
  * "They vandalized the shop because the owner is from a different religion." (hate crime)
  * "I try to speak up when I hear racist comments, but it’s hard to change their minds."

Možnosti prevence (doplněk k terminologii a větám)
  * Encouraging dialogue and mutual understanding between different communities.
  * Educating young people about the dangers of stereotypes and discrimination.
  * Supporting victims of hate crimes through counseling and legal aid.
  * Promoting inclusive policies that address social inequality and marginalization.


Okruh Kriminalita a vandalismus. Kriminogenní faktory. Viktimologie, formy pomoci obětem trestné
činnosti.

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) is a strategy to reduce crime by
designing safer spaces.
  * RE (Repeat Victimization) occurs when the same individual becomes a victim multiple times.
  * DV (Domestic Violence) and SV (Sexual Violence) are forms of crime with significant
psychological impacts.
  * Criminogenic factors are environmental, social, or individual influences that contribute to
criminal behavior.
  * NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) often provide support for victims of crime.

2. Odborná terminologie
  * Vandalism includes deliberate destruction or defacement of public or private property.
  * Kriminogenic factors include poverty, lack of education, peer influence, and substance abuse.
  * Viktimologie studies the relationship between victims and perpetrators, as well as societal
responses to victimization.
  * Victim support programs offer counseling, legal advice, and financial compensation.
  * Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm by facilitating communication between offenders
and victims.

3. Hovorová angličtina
  * "Someone smashed all the windows in the park last night." (vandalism)
  * "I’m scared to walk home after dark; there’s been a lot of muggings lately."
  * "They graffiti all over the walls, but nobody ever catches them."
  * "He says he only stole because he needed money to pay rent." (criminogenic factor)
  * "The neighborhood feels safer since they installed more lights and cameras." (CPTED)
  * "She’s still traumatized after the burglary—she doesn’t feel safe at home anymore."
  * "The police told me there’s not much they can do unless they catch him in the act."
  * "I got scammed online, and now I don’t trust anyone." (victimization)
  * "They keep breaking into cars around here; it’s getting out of control."
  * "The support group really helped me deal with what happened."

Možnosti prevence (doplněk k terminologii a větám)
  * Educating communities about crime prevention and reporting suspicious activities.
  * Designing safer public spaces through CPTED principles.
  * Providing victims with access to mental health support and legal aid.
  * Encouraging the use of restorative justice practices to repair harm and prevent reoffending.

Okruh  Nezaměstnanost a pojmy související se zaměstnáním

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * Unemployment rate is a key indicator of a country’s economic health.
  * FTE (Full-Time Equivalent) measures the workload of an employed person in terms of full-time
hours.
  * Layoff is a temporary or permanent dismissal of employees, often due to economic reasons.
  * Underemployment refers to individuals working in positions that don’t match their skills or
education.
  * Internship is a position for gaining work experience, typically for students or recent
graduates.

2. Odborná terminologie
  * Voluntary unemployment occurs when individuals choose not to work, despite having job
opportunities.
  * Involuntary unemployment is caused by layoffs or economic downturns.
  * Seasonal employment is temporary work dependent on specific times of the year (e.g.,
agriculture or tourism).
  * Part-time employment refers to working fewer hours than a full-time position.

3. Hovorová angličtina
  * "I got fired last week—they said the company is downsizing." (layoff)
  * "She’s just an intern, so she doesn’t get paid much."
  * "He’s looking for part-time work while he finishes school."
  * "The job market is terrible right now—I can’t find anything."
  * "They let me go, but they didn’t really give me a reason." (terminated)
  * "I’m overqualified for this position, but I need the money." (underemployment)
  * "She only works on weekends because it’s a seasonal job."


Okruh: Chudoba a bezdomovectví

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * ALICE (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed) refers to households with income above the
poverty line but below basic living costs.
  * DINK (Dual Income, No Kids) describes couples with two incomes and no children, often
financially stable but choosing not to expand their family.
  * FPL (Federal Poverty Line) is the income level used to determine eligibility for government
assistance programs.
  * SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) provides food benefits to low-income
households.
  * HUD (Housing and Urban Development) focuses on affordable housing and homelessness prevention.

2. Odborná terminologie
  * Absolute poverty is the inability to meet basic needs such as food, water, and shelter.
  * Relative poverty occurs when an individual’s income is significantly lower than the average in
their society.
  * Chronic homelessness is defined as long-term or repeated homelessness, often involving
disabilities.
  * Affordable housing initiatives aim to provide housing within the financial reach of low-income
families.

3. Hovorová angličtina
  * "We don’t qualify for food stamps, but we can barely pay the bills." (ALICE)
  * "They sleep in their car because they can’t afford rent." (homelessness)
  * "She says they’re DINKs because kids are too expensive these days."
  * "The rent keeps going up, but my paycheck stays the same." (housing insecurity)
  * "I never thought we’d need a food bank, but here we are."
  * "They kicked us out because we couldn’t pay the rent on time."
  * "He’s been on the streets for years; he says there’s no way out."


Okruh: Nezaměstnanost a pojmy související se zaměstnáním

1. Acronyms and Technical Terms
  * WFH (Work From Home) refers to employees performing their job duties from their residence.
  * Remote work is a style of work that allows professionals to operate outside traditional office
settings.
  * Telecommuting is another term for remote work, often involving communication via the internet.
  * Gig economy describes a labor market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work.
  * Shut-in refers to a person who isolates themselves at home, avoiding social contact, often due
to physical or psychological issues.

2. Technical Terminology
  * Flexible working hours allow employees to choose their working time within agreed limits.
  * Freelancing involves working for different companies at various times rather than being
permanently employed by one organization.
  * Isolation can be a downside of working from home, affecting mental health.
  * Digital nomads are individuals who use telecommunications technologies to earn a living and
lead a nomadic lifestyle.

3. Colloquial English
  * "Since the pandemic, I've been working from home full-time." (working from home)
  * "She loves the freedom of remote work; she can travel and still get her job done." (remote
work)
  * "I prefer telecommuting because it saves me time on commuting." (telecommuting)
  * "He's part of the gig economy—doing freelance graphic design gigs." (gig economy)
  * "After losing his job, he became a shut-in and rarely leaves his apartment." (shut-in)
  * "Working from home is great, but sometimes I miss the social aspect of the office."
  * "She's a digital nomad, hopping from country to country while working online." (digital nomad)
  * "I feel like a shut-in these days; I haven't seen friends in weeks."
  * "The flexibility of freelancing suits me, but the lack of steady income is tough."
(freelancing)
  * "They offer flexible working hours, which is perfect for my schedule."



Okruh Chudoba a bezdomovectví

1. Acronyms and Technical Terms
  * Shelter refers to temporary housing provided to individuals experiencing homelessness.
  * Salvation Army is a global organization offering social services, including shelters and
rehabilitation programs for the homeless.
  * UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) provides protection and support to
displaced persons and asylum seekers.
  * Charity encompasses organizations that provide aid to those in need, often focusing on housing,
food, and financial assistance.
  * Transitional housing offers a temporary solution for individuals transitioning out of
homelessness.
  * Permanent supportive housing (PSH) combines affordable housing with support services for
individuals with disabilities or chronic homelessness.
  * Asylum is legal protection granted to individuals fleeing persecution in their home countries.


2. Technical Terminology
  * Homeless shelter provides immediate short-term housing, often combined with food and basic
services.
  * Soup kitchen offers free meals to individuals experiencing food insecurity.
  * Day center is a facility where homeless individuals can access services such as showers,
internet, and job counseling during the day.
  * Resettlement programs help asylum seekers and refugees integrate into a new society, often
involving housing support.
  * Emergency housing is provided in crisis situations, such as natural disasters or sudden
displacement.


3. Key Organizations and Initiatives
  * The Salvation Army: Operates shelters, rehabilitation centers, and social services worldwide.
  * Habitat for Humanity: Focuses on building affordable housing for low-income families.
  * United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): Addresses poverty and inequality, often through
housing and social inclusion initiatives.
  * Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders): While primarily medical, they often assist
homeless individuals in crisis areas.
  * Caritas Internationalis: A global Catholic organization focusing on aid, including services for
the homeless and displaced.
  * UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees): Provides shelters and legal aid for
refugees and asylum seekers.


4. Colloquial English
  * "I stayed at the shelter last night; they gave me a bed and some food." (shelter)
  * "She went to the Salvation Army for help after losing her home." (Salvation Army)
  * "The soup kitchen is open daily, and they serve hot meals to anyone in need." (soup kitchen)
  * "He’s applying for asylum because it’s not safe for him to return to his home country."
(asylum)
  * "They offered her transitional housing while she looked for a permanent place." (transitional
housing)
  * "The charity helped us pay our rent this month so we wouldn’t get evicted." (charity)
  * "I didn’t know where to turn, but the day center helped me find resources." (day center)
  * "They’ve been living in a tent city outside of town since losing their apartment."
(homelessness)
  * "Permanent supportive housing has really helped him stay off the streets." (PSH)
  * "The UNHCR gave us blankets and set up a temporary shelter after the flood." (UNHCR)



Okruh Prostituce a obchod s lidmi:

1. Acronyms and Technical Terms
  * HT (Human Trafficking) refers to the illegal trade of people for exploitation, including forced
labor and sexual slavery.
  * CSEC (Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children) involves the abuse of children for financial
gain through prostitution or pornography.
  * ILO (International Labour Organization) estimates that millions are victims of forced labor and
human trafficking worldwide.
  * Trafficker is someone who recruits, transports, or exploits individuals for profit.
  * Pimp is a term for someone who controls or profits from the prostitution of others.

2. Technical Terminology
  * Sex work involves consensual adult participation in the exchange of sexual services for money
or goods.
  * Exploitation in human trafficking includes forced labor, sexual exploitation, and organ
trafficking.
  * Coercion refers to the use of threats, violence, or manipulation to control someone.
  * Survival sex is when individuals engage in prostitution to meet basic needs like food or
shelter.
  * Debt bondage is a form of exploitation where individuals are forced to work to repay a debt.

3. Key Organizations and Initiatives
  * Polaris Project: A U.S.-based organization that runs the National Human Trafficking Hotline and
provides support to victims.
  * International Justice Mission (IJM): A global organization fighting human trafficking and
modern slavery.
  * Blue Heart Campaign: A United Nations initiative raising awareness about human trafficking.
  * ECPAT International: Focuses on ending child prostitution and sexual exploitation.
  * La Strada International: A European NGO network working against trafficking in human beings.

4. Colloquial English
  * "She was forced into prostitution after being promised a job abroad." (trafficking)
  * "He said he’d help her find work, but instead, he kept her passport and forced her to work in a
brothel." (coercion)
  * "A pimp controls all the money she makes and decides who she sees." (pimp)
  * "Many traffickers target vulnerable people, like those fleeing war or poverty." (trafficking)
  * "She felt she had no choice but to engage in survival sex to feed her kids." (survival sex)
  * "They found a safe house where she could stay after escaping her traffickers." (victim support)
  * "Debt bondage kept him working in terrible conditions to repay an impossible loan." (debt
bondage)
  * "She didn’t realize she was being trafficked until it was too late."
  * "The hotline helped her escape and connected her with legal assistance." (support services)
  * "The traffickers move people across borders using fake documents." (trafficking)

5. Prevention and Victim Support
  * Educating vulnerable communities about the risks of trafficking and exploitation.
  * Strengthening laws and international cooperation to combat trafficking networks.
  * Providing safe houses and rehabilitation programs for survivors.
  * Offering legal aid and counseling to help victims rebuild their lives.

Hovorová angličtina – prostituce a obchod s lidmi

Termíny pro klienty prostitutek
  * John: Častý termín pro klienta prostitutky v USA.

  * "She said her John paid her double last night."

  Trick: Klient, ale také označení samotného aktu poskytované služby.
  * "She’s out there turning tricks to make ends meet."

  Date: Používá se jako eufemismus, zejména v prostředí online seznamování.
  * "He’s just another date; I don’t trust any of them."

  Punters (UK): Termín používaný v Británii pro klienty prostitutek.
  * "The punters usually hang around that alley after dark."

Termíny pro prostitutky
  * Hooker: Běžně používaný, ale často pejorativní.

  * "He called her a hooker and left without paying."

  Escort: Eufemismus používaný pro luxusní prostitutky.
  * "She works as an escort and earns way more than I do."

  Streetwalker: Označení pro prostitutky pracující venku na ulici.
  * "She used to be a streetwalker, but now she has a regular client."

  Working girl: Používáno méně hanlivě mezi komunitami.
  * "The working girls on this block stick together for safety."

  Call girl: Prostituka, která pracuje na objednávku, často přes telefon nebo online.
  * "She’s not just any call girl; her rates are sky-high."


Okruh: Obchod s lidmi pro nucenou práci

Zkratky a odborné termíny
  * Modern slavery refers to the exploitation of individuals through forced labor, debt bondage, or
human trafficking.
  * Debt bondage is when victims are forced to work to repay a debt, often with impossible
repayment terms.
  * Forced labor describes situations where individuals are coerced into work under threat or
without pay.
  * Exploitation includes both sexual exploitation and forced labor, as seen in agriculture,
manufacturing, or domestic servitude.

Technická terminologie
  * Labor exploitation in industries like farming or car washes often involves long hours, unsafe
conditions, and withheld wages.
  * Human smuggling differs from trafficking, as it focuses on illegal transportation, though it
often leads to exploitation.
  * Coercion and control are key tools traffickers use, such as confiscating passports or using
threats of deportation.
  * Exploitation of vulnerability involves targeting individuals who lack social or legal
protection, such as migrants.

Hovorová angličtina
  * "He thought he was getting a legitimate job, but they took his passport and made him a slave."
(forced labor)
  * "They promised her a nanny job, but she ended up cleaning houses 16 hours a day for no pay."
(domestic servitude)
  * "The workers at that farm don’t even get bathroom breaks—it’s modern slavery." (labor
exploitation)
  * "He’s stuck washing cars because he doesn’t have papers and is afraid to go to the police."
(car wash slavery)
  * "They’re paid pennies and live in terrible conditions, but they can’t leave."
  * "They told her she owed them for the trip, and now she’s trapped in debt bondage." (debt
bondage)
  * "The traffickers preyed on him because he didn’t speak the language and had nowhere else to
go." (vulnerability exploitation)
  * "She’s terrified because they said they’d hurt her family if she tried to run."

Prevention and Support for Victims
  * Raising awareness about the dangers of modern slavery and human trafficking.
  * Providing safe housing and legal assistance to victims.
  * Promoting international cooperation to identify and combat traffickers.
  * Offering reintegration programs for victims, including language training and job counseling.