Islam in Europe –history.
Present time.
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The early history
►the state of Andalusia (756-1492) on the Iberian Peninsula
►the Crusades (1095-1291) – Richard the Lion-Hearted
►the Ottoman Empire
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►Many historians and sociologists - Islam was the leading cause of Europe's movement from the
darkness of its Middle Ages -to the brilliance of its Renaissance
►Europe- backward in medicine, astronomy, mathematics, and many other fields, Muslims possessed a
lot of knowledge

Richard the Lion-Hearted
King Richard I The Lion Heart Výsledek obrázku pro picture Richard the Lionhearted Výsledek obrázku
pro picture Richard the Lionhearted

Suleyman the Magnificent
Výsledek obrázku pro Suleiman Magnificent Výsledek obrázku pro Suleiman Magnificent


Granada – Al-Hambra - Spain
Sunset over Granada´s Alhambra Palace.


Crusades
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►Islam began to spread – the main reason for the Crusades
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►The goal - to take Jerusalem back from the Muslims
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►the Crusaders  gained something else – encounter with the Islamic world's advanced civilization
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►Inhabitants of Islamic world  - quite advanced in the fields of medicine, astronomy, and
mathematics
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►new values rarely found in Europe at that time  - pluralism, tolerance, understanding, compassion,
and self-sacrifice
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Spain-Andalusia and Turkey
►Andalusia had a great cultural influence upon Europe until  the late fifteenth century
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►high level of civilization - more advanced than the rest of Europe, and that it was one of the
principle factors in the development of European civilization
►Andalusia finally finished to exist in 1492 with the fall of Granada, the last Muslim kingdom on
the Iberian Peninsula
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►the Ottoman Empire - the Balkans -during the fifteenth century as a result of several victories
►Ottoman civilization remained in the Balkans for 400 years

http://www.riseofislam.com/images_rise/205.jpg
http://www.riseofislam.com/images_rise/205.jpg


18th-20th centuries
►European colonial empires with a Muslim majority (in North Africa,  India, and Malaysia)
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►Contact with Muslim populations, both as the army and civil administration in these new colonies
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►Muslim immigrants who came to the colonizing country – reasons – as seamen, soldiers, students
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►After the colonies achieved independence, the European countries enabled mass immigration from
their former colonies- workers -France, the UK, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Scandinavia

Islam in Turkey
►establishment of the republic in 1923 -  a strong tradition of secularism – Ataturk´s reforms
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►Islam was gradually omitted from the public sphere and the principle of secularism was inserted in
the Turkish Constitution in 1937
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►Today- majority of the population confess Islam – 99%
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►Further development???

Islam in Poland
►There are about 35-40,000 Muslims in Poland -   Poles, Tatars, Arabs, Turks,  Palestinians and
others
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►Most of them, around 11-13,000 people, live in Warsaw
► four mosques in Poland, one of them in Warsaw, built in 1993 – belongs to the Muslim Religion
Association
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► a library with a multimedia room, art gallery, restaurant, café and shop
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Islam in the CR
►In 1991 Center of Muslim communities (Ústředí muslimských náboženských obcí) was established
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► In 1998 a mosque was opened in Brno and a year later in Prague
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►Most of the Muslims are from Bosnia-Herzegovina (early 1990s) and former countries of the Soviet
Union (mostly from Causasus region, from the late 1990s until the present)
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►Middle class people of Egyptian, Syrian and other Middle Eastern origin (typically those who
studied in Czechoslovakia and decided to stay)
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Discussion questions
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►In which European countries can you find big Muslim communities?
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►What are the perspectives of integration of Muslims in the EU countries?
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►Will Turkey enter the EU?
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Muslim-Christian relations
►1683 ??? Vienna battle,
►Jan Sobieski
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