Slezská univerzita v Opavě
Obchodně podnikatelská fakulta v Karviné
BUSINESS ENGLISH 2
Janusz Karpeta
Karviná 2014
Projekt OP VK č. CZ.1.07/2.2.00/28.0017
„Inovace studijních programů na Slezské univerzitě,
Obchodně podnikatelské fakultě v Karviné“
Obor: Jazykověda.
Anotace: Opora Business English 2 je určena pro studenty prezenční formy studia a svým rozsahem
odpovídá výuce anglického jazyka za druhý semestr na ekonomických fakultách. Opora je
rozvržena do dvanácti tematických okruhů – Negotiations, Business Emails in English,
Succesful Entrepreneurs, Meetings, Business Letters in English, Lean Manufacturing, Stock
Markets, Trade Fair, Franchises, Dealing with Customers, Reading Business News in English
a Mixed Additional Business Exercices a obsahuje také anotaci, včetně klíčových slov. Kapitoly
jsou rozčleněny do následujících části: slovní zásoba, text a otázky k textu, nácvik lexika
a gramatiky a na konci následuje test. Jednotlivé kapitoly si kladou za cíl procvičit, prohloubit
a zdokonalit si znalosti v anglickém jazyce v oblasti týkající se úspěšných podnikatelů,
vyjednávání, schůzek, franšíz, akciových trhů, komunikace se zákazníky, veletrhů, štíhlé
výroby, obchodních dopisů a emailů, čtení obchodního textu a obchodní slovní zásoby. K tomu
je přizpůsobená slovní zásoba a cvičení. Vybraná obchodní témata připravují svou odbornou
slovní zásobou, nácvikem lexika a gramatiky či testů na konci kapitol na typizované a z velké
části autentické obchodní situace z jazykového hlediska. Závěrečná část se věnuje aktivnímu
nácviku všech nejběžnějších spojení, frází či jiných obchodních obratů, které moderní obchodní
angličtina využívá. Materiál celkově tvoří základ pro zvládnutí jednotlivých problematik v praxi
a usnadní posluchačům lépe se adaptovat na cizojazyčné firemní prostředí. Jedním z klíčových
výstupů opory Business English 2 je kromě zvládnutí slovní zásoby, cvičení lexika či gramatiky
také umění pracovat s odborným textem a v neposlední řadě posílení komunikativních
dovedností v moderním profesním podnikatelském prostředí. Jedná se o inovovanou studijní
oporu.
Klíčová slova: Succesful Entrepreneurs, Negotiations, Meetings, Franchises, Stock Markets, Dealing with
Customers, Trade Fair, Lean Manufacturing, Business Letters in English, Business Emails in
English, Reading Business News in English, Mixed Buisness Exercices
Autor: Mgr. Janusz Karpeta
Recenzenti: Mgr. Jana Hejtmánková, Ph.D., Ing. Michal Červinka, Ph.D.
ISBN 978-80-7248-962-6
- 3 -
CONTENT
ÚVOD ........................................................................................................................................ 7
1 NEGOTIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 8
1.1 VOCABULARY...................................................................................................................... 8
1.2 TEXT......................................................................................................................................... 9
1.3 LEXIS...................................................................................................................................... 11
1.4 GRAMMAR .......................................................................................................................... 12
1.4.1 INDIRECT SPEECH IN ENGLISH ........................................................................ 12
1.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 12
1.5 SPEAKING ............................................................................................................................... 14
1.6 TEST........................................................................................................................................ 15
1.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 17
1.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 17
1.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES ............................................................................................ 18
1.7.3 TEST......................................................................................................................... 18
2 BUSINESS EMAILS IN ENGLISH............................................................................ 20
2.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 20
2.2 TEXT ..................................................................................................................................... 21
2.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................... 23
2.4 GRAMMAR .......................................................................................................................... 24
2.4.1 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS WITH ADJECTIVES...................................... 24
2.4.2 GRAMMAR -EXERCISES.............................................................................................. 25
2.5 SPEAKING............................................................................................................................ 26
2.6 TEST...................................................................................................................................... 27
2.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 29
2.7.1 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 29
2.7.2 TEST ........................................................................................................................ 30
3 SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS .......................................................................... 32
3.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 32
3.2 TEXT ..................................................................................................................................... 33
3.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................... 34
3.4 GRAMMAR .......................................................................................................................... 35
3.4.1 PAST SIMPLE............................................................................................................. 35
3.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 35
3.5 SPEAKING............................................................................................................................ 37
3.6 TEST...................................................................................................................................... 38
3.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 39
3.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 39
3.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 39
3.7.3 TEST ........................................................................................................................ 40
4 MEETINGS................................................................................................................... 42
4.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 42
4.2 TEXT ....................................................................................................................................... 43
4.3 LEXIS ...................................................................................................................................... 45
4.4 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES ....................................................................................................... 46
- 4 -
4.4.1 AGREEING, DISAGREEING, GIVING OPINIONS, INTERRUPTING AND
SUGGESTING IN ENGLISH.................................................................................. 46
4.4.2 GRAMMAR - EXERCISES............................................................................................. 46
4.5 SPEAKING ............................................................................................................................... 48
4.6 TEST........................................................................................................................................ 49
4.7 KEY......................................................................................................................................... 50
4.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 50
4.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES ............................................................................................ 51
4.7.3 TEST......................................................................................................................... 51
5 BUSINESS LETTERS IN ENGLISH......................................................................... 53
5.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 53
5.2 TEXT ..................................................................................................................................... 54
5.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................... 56
5.4 GRAMMAR .......................................................................................................................... 57
5.4.1 PREPOSITIONS IN BUSINESS LETTERS......................................................................... 57
5.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 58
5.5 SPEAKING............................................................................................................................ 59
5.6 TEST...................................................................................................................................... 60
5.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 62
5.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 62
5.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 63
5.7.3 TEST......................................................................................................................... 64
6 LEAN MANUFACTURING........................................................................................ 65
6.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 65
6.2 TEXT....................................................................................................................................... 66
6.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................... 68
6.4 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES ....................................................................................................... 69
6.4.1 DESCRIBING TRENDS IN ENGLISH.................................................................... 69
6.4.2 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES – EXERCISES...................................................................... 69
6.5 SPEAKING............................................................................................................................ 71
6.6 TEST...................................................................................................................................... 72
6.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 74
6.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 74
6.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES ............................................................................................ 74
6.7.3 TEST......................................................................................................................... 75
7 STOCK MARKETS ..................................................................................................... 77
7.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 77
7.2 TEXT ....................................................................................................................................... 78
7.3 LEXIS ...................................................................................................................................... 80
7.4 GRAMMAR .......................................................................................................................... 81
7.4.1 FUTURE TENSES IN ENGLISH ............................................................................ 81
7.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 82
7.5 SPEAKING ............................................................................................................................... 83
7.6 TEST...................................................................................................................................... 84
7.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 85
7.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 85
7.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 86
- 5 -
7.7.3 TEST ........................................................................................................................ 87
8 TRADE FAIR................................................................................................................ 88
8.1 VOCABULARY......................................................................................................................... 88
8.2 TEXT ....................................................................................................................................... 89
8.3 LEXIS ...................................................................................................................................... 91
8.4 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES....................................................................................................... 93
8.4.1 PRESENTATION SKILLS IN ENGLISH................................................................. 93
8.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES............................................................................................ 94
8.5 SPEAKING............................................................................................................................ 95
8.6 TEST...................................................................................................................................... 96
8.7 KEY ....................................................................................................................................... 98
8.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................... 98
8.7.2 GRAMMAR – CVIČENÍ................................................................................................ 99
8.7.3 TEST......................................................................................................................... 99
9 FRANCHISES............................................................................................................. 101
9.1 VOCABULARY....................................................................................................................... 101
9.2 TEXT ..................................................................................................................................... 102
9.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................... 104
9.4 GRAMMAR ............................................................................................................................ 106
9.4.1 PRESENT PERFECT.................................................................................................. 106
9.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES.......................................................................................... 106
9.5 SPEAKING ............................................................................................................................. 108
9.6 TEST.................................................................................................................................... 109
9.7 KEY ..................................................................................................................................... 111
9.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................. 111
9.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES.......................................................................................... 112
9.7.3 TEST....................................................................................................................... 112
10 DEALING WITH CUSTOMERS ............................................................................. 114
10.1 VOCABULARY.................................................................................................................. 114
10.2 TEXT ..................................................................................................................................... 115
10.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................. 117
10.4 GRAMMAR ........................................................................................................................ 118
10.4.1 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS................................................................. 118
10.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES.......................................................................................... 118
10.5 SPEAKING.......................................................................................................................... 119
10.6 TEST.................................................................................................................................... 120
10.7 KEY ..................................................................................................................................... 122
10.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES ................................................................................................. 122
10.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES.......................................................................................... 123
10.7.3 TEST....................................................................................................................... 123
11 READING BUSINESS NEWS IN ENGLISH.......................................................... 125
11.1 VOCABULARY....................................................................................................................... 125
11.2 TEXT ..................................................................................................................................... 126
11.3 LEXIS .................................................................................................................................. 128
11.4 GRAMMAR ........................................................................................................................ 130
11.4.1 PASSIVE FORMS IN ENGLISH.................................................................................... 130
- 6 -
11.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES.......................................................................................... 130
11.5 SPEAKING.......................................................................................................................... 132
11.6 TEST.................................................................................................................................... 133
11.7 KEY ..................................................................................................................................... 135
11.7.1 GRAMMAR –EXERCISES .......................................................................................... 137
11.7.2 TEST ...................................................................................................................... 137
12 MIXED ADDITIONAL BUSINESS EXERCISES WITH THE KEY .................. 139
12.1 KEY TO MIXED ADDITIONAL BUSINESS EXERCISES................................... 154
ZÁVĚR.................................................................................................................................. 168
SLOVNÍK (SLOVNÍ ZÁSOBA)......................................................................................... 169
SEZNAM POUŽITÉ LITERATURY................................................................................ 180
- 7 -
ÚVOD
Opora Business English 2 je určena pro studenty prezenční formy studia a svým
rozsahem odpovídá výuce anglického jazyka v druhém semestru na ekonomických fakultách a
navazuje na sylabus daného předmětu. Opora je rozvržena do dvanácti tematických okruhů –
Succesful Entrepreneurs, Negotiations, Meetings, Franchises, Stock Markets, Dealing with
Customers, Trade Fair, Lean Manufacturing, Business Letters in English, Business Emails in
English, Reading Business News in English a Mixed Business Exercices a obsahuje také
anotaci, včetně klíčových slov. Kapitoly jsou rozčleněny do následujících části: slovní zásoba,
text a otázky k textu, nácvik lexika a gramatiky a na konci následuje test. Jednotlivé kapitoly
si kladou za cíl procvičit, prohloubit a zdokonalit si znalosti v anglickém jazyce v oblasti
týkající se úspěšných podnikatelů, vyjednávání, schůzek, franšíz, akciových trhů, komunikace
se zákazníky, veletrhů, štíhlé výroby, obchodních dopisů a emailů, čtení obchodního textu
a obchodní slovní zásoby. K tomu je přizpůsobená slovní zásoba a cvičení. Vybraná obchodní
témata připravují svou odbornou slovní zásobou, nácvikem lexika a gramatiky či testů na
konci kapitol na typizované a z velké části autentické obchodní situace z jazykového hlediska.
Závěrečná část se věnuje aktivnímu nácviku všech nejběžnějších spojení, frází či jiných
obchodních obratů, které moderní obchodní angličtina využívá.
1 Negotiations
- 8 -
1 NEGOTIATIONS
1.1 VOCABULARY
alternatives alternativy
to amplify rozvést
arbitration rozhodčí řízení
to bargain vyjednávat
bottom-line spodní hranice
collective společný
to compensate nahradit, vykompenzovat
to comply vyhovět, splnit
to comprise zahrnovat, obsahovat, tvořit
concession ústupek
conflict resolution řešení konfliktu
to confront čelit, postavit se
consensus shoda, souhlas
cooperation spolupráce
counter proposal protinabídka
counterattack protiútok
counterpart protějšek
demands požadavky
deadlock mrtvý bod
dispute spor, hádka, pře
to be entitled to mít právo na
flexible pružný, přizpůsobivý
haggling smlouvání, dohadování, handrkování se
hostility nesouhlas, odpor
to high-ball učinit vysoký požadavek
impulse podnět, stimul
indecisive váhavý, nerozhodný
leverage působení, vliv
log-rolling vzájemné vychvalování
to low-ball učinit nízký požadavek
to mislead uvést v omyl, oklamat
mutual vzájemný
objective cíl
point of view pohled
pressure tlak
proposal návrh
receptive ochotný, přístupný
resentment zlost, vztek
resistance odpor
to resolve řešit
tactics taktika
tension napětí, pnutí
trade-off výměnný obchod
ultimatum ultimátum
unrealistic nerealistický
victory vítězství
to yield ustoupit
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 9 -
1.2 TEXT
NEGOTIATING IN BUSINESSES
Today, in our next business communication discussion for our young entrepreneurs we
are dealing with a few golden rules to successful negotiations with our business
communication expert from Multitask Communication Enterprise based here in the UK.
Journalist: How much time do business people need for negotiations?
Business communication expert: Always try to negotiate for at least 15 minutes. Any
less than that and it is unlikely that either party has had enough time to fairly consider the
other side. Generally, the size or seriousness of the negotiation determines the amount of time
needed to negotiate it. Setting a time limit is a good idea. Approximately 90% of negotiations
get settled in the last 10% of the discussion.
Journalist: Who shall begin the negotiation?
Business communication expert: Always offer to let the other party speak first. This is
especially important if you are the one making a request for something such as a raise. The
other party may have overestimated what you are going to ask for and may actually offer
more than what you were going to request.
Journalist: In your opinion, what is the most appropriate communication behavior in
negotiations?
Business communication expert: Always respect and listen to what your opponent has
to say. This is important even if he or she does not extend the same courtesy to you. Do your
best to remain calm and pleasant even if the other party is displaying frustration or anger.
Remember some people will do anything to intimidate you.
Journalist: Could you tell our young entrepreneurs some other communication tips in
negotiations?
Business communication expert: Acknowledge what the other party says. Everyone
likes to know that what they say is important. If the other party opens first, use it to your
advantage, by paraphrasing what you have heard. Repeat their important ideas before you
introduce your own stronger ones.
Journalist: According to some communication theories, verbal and non-verbal
communication is important. Does the same theory apply to business negotiations?
Business communication expert: Yes, you are right. You should pay attention to your
own and your counterpart's body language. Make sure that you aren't conveying any negative
body language.
Journalist: Could you mention some typical demonstrations of body language used in
business negotiations?
Business communication expert: Say, for instance, if your counterpart avoids eye
contact it might mean that he or she is lying, not interested or not telling the whole truth.
Further, if someone shows serious eye contact it might suggest that the person is trying to
intimidate your or shows anger. In addition to that, if your business partner is touching e.g.
the face or fidgeting, that is a clear signal that he or she is nervous, lacks confidence or is
submissive. Finally, if he or she is nodding, that is a positive sign showing agreement and
willingness to compromise, or vice versa, if he or she is shaking the head or turning away,
that is rather a negative signal indicating frustration, disbelief or disagreement with the given
point.
Journalist: Our time is up; well thank you for your practical insight of basic skills
required in modern business negotiations.
Business communication expert: You are welcome!
1 Negotiations
- 10 Zdroj:
Business English: The Negotiation Process. [online]. EnglishClub, 1997, 2013
[cit. 2013-01-21]. Dostupné z: http://www.englishclub.com/business-
english/negotiations-process.htm
QUESTIONS
How important is time in negotiations?
______________________________________________________________________
What is the turn-taking thing in negotiations like?
______________________________________________________________________
How should businesspeople behave in negotiations?
______________________________________________________________________
How important is body language in negotiations?
______________________________________________________________________
Can you name some typical demonstrations of body language in negotiations?
______________________________________________________________________
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 11 -
1.3 LEXIS
1. Complete the sentences and use the vocabulary listed above:
1. In the past it took over two days of
negotiating for the parties to come to a
…. Today it is much quicker.
a) hostility b) bottom-line
c) consensus d) indecisive
1…
2. It was … decision to settle our
differences out of court.
a) flexible b) mutual c) unrealistic
d) victorious
2…
3. According to communication
experts one … that always works is to
ask your counterpart to speak first.
a) tactic b) bargain c) resistance
d) tension
3…
4. Our team would have more … if
we had some more recent
information.
a) haggling b) concession c) leverage
d) impulse
4…
5. The other team was … to our
proposal until we made our last
demand.
a) tension b) resistance c) receptive
d) hostility
5…
6. The representatives from the other
company were … over the details of
the contract all day long yesterday.
a) haggling b) conflict c) dispute
d) misleading
6…
7. We were surprised by the move our
counterpart had made. We did not
expect them to … so quickly.
a) arbitration b) counterproposal
c) yield d) amplify
7.
8. None of the parties was willing to
give in. Therefore, it was no surprise
that within twenty minutes the
negotiations had already ended in a
…
a) collective b) bottom-line
c) counterpart d) deadlock
8.
9. The aim of the meeting is to find
some areas of …
a) pressure b) cooperation c) victory
d) objective
9.
10. Our team had to have a break as
the counterpart was planning to …
a) high-ball b) trade-off c) demands
d) consensus
10.
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. učinit ústupek
2. udělat protinabídku
3. vyjednat lepší podmínky pro obchod
4. silný vyjednávač
5. dosáhnout kompromisu
3. Which word is different?
1. negotiation arbitration bargaining haggling
2. demands low-ball high-ball burdens
3. aim objective disregard goal
4. avoid confront dodge evade
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. I'm afraid I had something different in mind. 6. That's not exactly how I look at it.
2. I'm prepared to compromise, but... 7. In other words, you feel that...
3. I think we can both agree that... 8. I don't see any problem with/harm in that.
4. That's a fair suggestion. 9. I'd have to disagree with you there.
5. Is that your best offer? 10. From my perspective...
1 Negotiations
- 12 -
1.4 GRAMMAR
1.4.1 INDIRECT SPEECH IN ENGLISH
Jestliže chceme v angličtině sdělit, co říkal někdo jiný, tlumočit něčí myšlenku nebo
pocit, můžeme užít řeč přímou nebo řeč nepřímou. Nepřímá řeč bývá v anglickém jazyce
uvedena slovesy jako say, tell, admit, complain, explain, remind, reply, think, hope, offer,
refuse atd. Po slovesech say a tell následuje ve formálním stylu spojka that, v neformálním
stylu se vypouští. Ostatní slovesa bývají následována spojkou that. Pokud je nepřímá řeč v
angličtině uvedena slovesem v minulém čase, dochází ke změnám:
a) slovesných časů a forem,
b) zájmen osobních, přivlastňovacích a ukazovacích,
c) příslovečného určení místa a času.
Nyní následují příklady k uvedeným bodům a), b), c).
PŘÍKLAD 1
The headquarters are in Prague. – She said that headqaurters were in Prague.
PŘÍKLAD 2
We made a profit of % 25 million last year. – He said they had made a profit of %
25 million the previous year.
PŔÍKLAD 3
We will open a new factory here. – We would open a new factory there.
1.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use reported speech in the following statements:
1. Bill: „We are going to have another meeting tomorrow.“ - Bill reminded…
2. The counterpart claims: “The submitted conditions were unacceptable.“ – The
counterpart claimed…
3. Susan says: “I am afraid I have to disagree with you on this point.“ – Susan said…
4. Tom explains: “We have bought a new factory in China. – Tom explained…
5. Peter reports: “I will predict an increase of domestic sales up to 3% next month.” –
Peter reported…
2. Complete the most suitable endings in the following situations, e.g. If you pay cash, we
will give you a discount.:
1. If you make your payment within two weeks, …
2. We could offer you a discount of 2% if …
3. We will offer you something in return if…
4. Our team will sign the contract if…
5. I am afraid, I am not entitled to conclude the agreement, you…
6. If you raise the price…
3. Match the following prepositions with the verbs:
a) with, b) for, c) through, d) up, e) away, f) into, g) after, h) up i) down
1. give new brochures… 2. look … a career opportunity 3. set … one’s own business 4.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 13 cope
… more tasks 5. (on the phone) put someone … 6. companies look … the
environemntal issues 7. close … the company 8. enterprises go … economic troubles
1 Negotiations
- 14 -
1.5 SPEAKING
1. Try to negotiate with your partner some basic things in your life, e.g. one of you wants
to go to the cinema, the other one wants to stay at home and watch TV etc.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 15 -
1.6 TEST
1. During negotiations, one should treat an … with respect and consideration at all
times.
• friend
• comrade
• opponent
2. In "win-win" negotiations, the two parties try to establish a common ...
• goal
• point
• destination
3. Before anyone starts negotiations it is wise to consider one's own ...
• bottom-line
• ultimatum
• clampdown
1. It may be possible to … that a counterpart is lying by observing body language.
• infect
• detect
• effect
2. The negotiating team intimidated the other company into accepting their terms by …
to quit.
• endangering
• threatening
• jeopardizing
3. The opponent used last-minute … such as acting as though he was "Mr. Nice Guy".
• prank
• tricks
• tactics
4. According to professional literature on negotiations one key to … conflict-resolution
is to deal with issues rather than personalities.
• effective
• ineffective
• efficent
5. Our team had no "bargaining power" … the other team of negotiators.
• compared to
• compared with
• comparison with
6. If one team wins and the other loses it is a ... strategy.
• win-win
• win-lose
• loss-loss
7. If both teams have come to a deadlock, the outcome of the meeting is a …
negotiation.
• loss-loss
• win-win
• win-lose
8. Our team had no "bargaining power" … the other team of negotiators.
• compared to
1 Negotiations
- 16 •
compared with
• comparison with
9. If one team wins and the other loses it is a ... strategy.
• win-win
• win-lose
• loss-loss
10. If both teams have come to a deadlock, the outcome of the meeting is a …
negotiation.
• loss-loss
• win-win
• win-lose
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 17 -
1.7 KEY
1.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Complete the sentences and use the vocabulary listed above:
1. In the past it took over two days of
negotiating for the parties to come to a
…. Today it is much quicker.
a) hostility b) bottom-line
c) consensus d) indecisive
1. c) consensus
2. It was … decision to settle our
differences out of court.
a) flexible b) mutual c) unrealistic
d) victorious
2. b) mutual
3. According to communication
experts one … that always works is to
ask your counterpart to speak first.
a) tactic b) bargain c) resistance
d) tension
3. a) tactic
4. Our team would have more … if
we had some more recent
information.
a) haggling b) concession c) leverage
d) impulse
4. c) leverage
5. The other team was … to our
proposal until we made our last
demand.
a) tension b) resistance c) receptive
d) hostility
5. c) receptive
6. The representatives from the other
company were … over the details of
the contract all day long yesterday.
a) haggling b) conflict c) dispute
d) misleading
6. a) haggling
7. We were surprised by the move our
counterpart had made. We did not
expect them to … so quickly.
a) arbitration b) counterproposal
c) yield d) amplify
7. c) yield
8. None of the parties was willing to
give in. Therefore, it was no surprise
that within twenty minutes the
negotiations had already ended in a
…
a) collective b) bottom-line
c) counterpart d) deadlock
8. d) deadlock
9. The aim of the meeting is to find
some areas of …
a) pressure b) cooperation c) victory
d) objective
9. b) cooperation
10. Our team had to have a break as
the counterpart was planning to …
a) high-ball b) trade-off c) demands
d) consensus
10. a) high-ball
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. učinit ústupek to yield, make a concession
2. udělat protinabídku to make a counteroffer
3. vyjednat lepší podmínky pro obchod to negotiate better conditions for the business
4. silný vyjednávač a strong negotiator
5. dosáhnout kompromisu to reach a compromise
3. Which word is different?
1. negotiation arbitration bargaining haggling
2. demands low-ball high-ball burdens
3. aim objective disregard goal
4. avoid confront dodge evade
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. Obávám se, že jsem měl něco jiného na mysli. 6. To není přesně tak, jak se na to dívám.
2. Jsem připraven udělat kompromis, ale … 7. Jinými slovy, pociťujete, že…
3. Domnívám, se, že oba můžeme souhlasit, že … 8. Nemám s tím žádný problém.
4. To je férový návrh. 9. V tomto bodu bych s Vámi nesouhlasil.
5. Je to Vaše nejlepší nabídka? 10. Z mého pohledu…
1 Negotiations
- 18 -
1.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use reported speech in the following statements:
1. Bill reminded they were going to…the next/following day.
2. The counterpart claimed…had been unacceptable.
3. Susan said she was afraid…
4. Tom explained they had bought…
5. Peter reported he would predict…the following month
2. Complete the most suitable endings in the next/following situations:
1. If you make your payment within two weeks, I will…
2. We could offer you a discount of 2% if you gave (past tense)…
3. We will offer you something in return if you buy…
4. Our team will sign the contract if you give…
5. I am afraid, I am not entitled to conclude the agreement, you have to, should…
6. If you raise the price, I will…
3. Match the following prepositions with the verbs:
1. give new brochures away 2. look for career opportunity 3. set up one’s own business
4. cope with more tasks 5. (on the phone) put someone through 6. companies look
after the environemntal issues 7. close down the company 8. entperises go through
economic troubles
1.7.3 TEST
1. During negotiations, one should treat an … with respect and consideration at all
times.
• friend
• comrade
• opponent
2. In "win-win" negotiations, the two parties try to establish a common ...
• goal
• point
• destination
3. Before anyone starts negotiations it is wise to consider one's own ...
• bottom-line
• ultimatum
• clampdown
4. It may be possible to … that a counterpart is lying by observing body language.
• infect
• detect
• effect
5. The negotiating team intimidated the other company into accepting their terms by …
to quit.
• endangering
• threatening
• jeopardizing
6. The opponent used last-minute … such as acting as though he was "Mr. Nice Guy".
• prank
• tricks
• tactics
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 19 -
7. According to professional literature on negotiations one key to … conflict-resolution
is to deal with issues rather than personalities.
• effective
• ineffective
• efficient
8. Our team had no "bargaining power" … the other team of negotiators.
• compared to
• compared with
• comparison with
9. If one team wins and the other loses it is a ... strategy.
• win-win
• win-lose
• loss-loss
10. If both teams have come to a deadlock, the outcome of the meeting is a …
negotiation.
• loss-loss
• win-win
• win-lose
2 Business emails in english
- 20 -
2 BUSINESS EMAILS IN ENGLISH
2.1 VOCABULARY
@ (at) @ zavináč
afford dovolit si
appear objevit se
appropriate vhodný
attach připojit přílohu
avoid vyhnout se něčemu
bcc skrytá kopie
casual přirozený, neformální
cc kopie
check zkontrolovat
clear srozumitelný
copy kopírovat
courteous zdvořilý
delete smazat
dot tečka
download stáhnout
efficient účinný, schopný
forgive odpustit, prominout
formality formálnost
forward přeposlat
impolite nezdvořilý
include zahrnovat
initiate zahájit
inquiry dotaz, otázka
line řádek
polite zdvořilý
punctuation interpunkce
purpose účel, cíl
put sb. at ease uklidnit koho
receive přijmout
recipient příjemce
reply odpovědět
reply to all odpovědet všem
run on zdlouhavý
send odeslat
send and receive odeslat a přijmout
sender odesílatel
sentence věta
spelling pravopis
step krok
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 21 -
2.2 TEXT
HOW TO WRITE A PERFECT PROFESSIONAL EMAIL IN ENGLISH
Although emails are often seen as less formal than printed business letters, in the
business world you cannot afford to let your language appear to be informal. Email may be
faster and more efficient, but your client or business partner will not easily forgive
correspondence that is too casual. Not to fear! Read on to discover simple secrets that will add
a high level of professionalism to your English emails.
Begin with a greeting
It's important to always open your email with a greeting, such as "Dear Lillian,".
Depending on the formality of your relationship, you may want to use their family name as
opposed to their given name, i.e. "Dear Mrs. Price,". If the relationship is more casual, you
can simply say, "Hi Kelly," If you’re contacting a company, not an individual, you may write
"To Whom It May Concern:"
Thank the recipient
If you are replying to a client's inquiry, you should begin with a line of thanks. For
example, if someone has a question about your company, you can say, "Thank you for
contacting ABC Company." If someone has replied to one of your emails, be sure to say,
"Thank you for your prompt reply." or "Thanks for getting back to me." If you can find any
way to thank the reader, then do. It will put him or her at ease, and it will make you appear
more courteous.
State your purpose
If, however, you are initiating the email communication, it may be impossible to include
a line of thanks. Instead, begin by stating your purpose. For example, "I am writing to enquire
about …" or "I am writing in reference to …" It's important to make your purpose clear early
on in the email, and then move into the main text of your email. Remember to pay careful
attention to grammar, spelling and punctuation, and to avoid run-on sentences by keeping
your sentences short and clear.
Closing remarks
Before you end your email, it's polite to thank your reader one more time as well as add
some courteous closing remarks. You might start with "Thank you for your patience and
cooperation." or "Thank you for your consideration." and then follow up with, "If you have
any questions or concerns, don't hesitate to let me know." and "I look forward to hearing from
you."
End with a closing
The last step is to include an appropriate closing with your name. "Best regards,"
"Sincerely," and "Thank you," are all professional. It's a good idea to avoid closings such as
"Best wishes," or "Cheers," as these are best used in casual, personal emails. Finally, before
2 Business emails in english
- 22 you
hit the send button, review and spell check your email one more time to make sure it's
truly perfect!
Zdroj: Englishtown: Community. [online]. [cit. 2013-01-30]. Dostupné z:
http://www.englishtown.com/community/Channels/article.aspx?articleName=184-email
QUESTIONS
What is the main difference between a business email and a business letter?
______________________________________________________________________
How do you begin a business email when addressing it to a company and a friend?
______________________________________________________________________
What are some common expressions to be used for thanking the recipient?
______________________________________________________________________
How do state your purpose in a business email?
______________________________________________________________________
What are some common closing remarks in a business email and how do you end it?
______________________________________________________________________
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 23 -
2.3 LEXIS
1. Match the words with their definitions:
1. reply to all a) get rid of an email you do not want 1.
2. reply b) send a copy to 2.
3. delete c) send an answer to the person who
sent an email
3.
4. cc d) send a blind copy to 4.
5. bcc e) send an email you have received to
someone else
5.
6. forward f) send an answer to the person who
sent an email, and everyone who
received a copy of it
6.
7. attach g) send a document, e.g. a picture,
with an email
7.
2. Complete missing expressions in the following email:
a) Looking forward, b) Please let me know, c) Thanks for, d) Please find attached, e)
forward
Petra,
1. … your email asking for budget breakdown for our current marketing campaign. 2. … an
Excel with detailed figures for this. 3. … if you cannot read the attachment. I am copying
Michael and Susan in on this. Please 4. … it to the rest of the marketing team if you feel that is
a good idea.
5. … to your reaction.
Bests wishes,
Brian
3. Explain the most common abbreviations in emails:
1. HTH a) not my problem 1.
2. FYI b) as far as I know 2.
3. FW c) to be forwarded 3.
4. NMP d) for your information 4.
5. TBF e) hope this helps 5.
6. AFAIK f) forwarded message 6.
2 Business emails in english
- 24 -
2.4 GRAMMAR
2.4.1 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS WITH ADJECTIVES
Přídavná jména mají v angličtině tři stupně: základní tvar, druhý stupeň a třetí stupeň. Druhý
stupeň se tvoří pomocí +er (faster, quicker, nicer), třetí stupeň pomocí the + est (the fastest,
the quickest, the nicest). Dlouhá přídavná jména se stupňují pomocí opisů, a to slovy MORE
(more interesting, more beautiful, more intelligent) a MOST (the most interesting, the most
beautiful, the most intelligent). V angličtině se vyskytuje několik výjimek:
good, better, best
bad, worse, worst
far, farther, fartherst
far, further, furthest
many, more, most
much, more, most
little, less, least
few, fewer, fewest
V druhém stupni při porovnávání vlastností předmětů používá angličtina slůvko THAN.
V případě, že srovnáváme stejné vlastnosti předmětů, používá angličtina spojení AS … AS.
K dalším menším změnám dochází například v těchto příkladech:
long (dlouhý)
longer (delší) longest (nejdelší)
big (velký) bigger (větší) biggest (největší)
nice (hezký) nicer (hezčí) nicest (nejhezčí)
large (velký) larger (větší) largest (největší)
clever (chytrý) cleverer (chytřejší) cleverest (nejchytřejší)
funny (legrační) funnier (legračnější) funniest (nejlegračnější)
dry (suchý) drier (sušší) driest (nejsušší)
thin (hubený) thinner (hubenější) thinnest (nejhubenější)
Nyní následují další příklady k uvedeným pravidlům výše.
PŘÍKLAD 1
Your last offer is better than the first one.
PŘÍKLAD 1
This is one of the worst situations that can happen in our company.
PŘÍKLAD 2
The language in his email is less complicated than hers.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 25 -
2.4.2 GRAMMAR -EXERCISES
1. Use the correct forms of the adjectives:
1. boring …
2. smart…
3. old-fashioned …
4. brave…
5. limited…
2. Complete the suitable comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives:
1. Our department is (big) … than yours.
2. Computers are (expensive) … than telephones.
3. Emails are the (cheap) … way of modern communication.
4. Dealing with foreign clients may be (difficult) … than with the ones you know well.
5. This is the (quick) … method of payment.
6. The (easy) … thing to do is to forward that message as soon as possible.
3. Say which of the tips you are supposed to use and which ones you are not in business
emails:
In business emails
you are supposed to:
DO! DO NOT!
1. check your spelling
and grammar
2. use slang or swear
words
3. include a greeting
and a sign off
4. type in upper case
5. use smileys and
emoticons
6. copy every email to
the whole office
7. include proper
punctuation
8. write an angry email
9. include a subject line
10. always use humour
in emails
2 Business emails in english
- 26 -
2.5 SPEAKING
1. Repeat the main rules for writing a business email in English.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 27 -
2.6 TEST
1. Could you please … that email you received from the boss.
• forward me
• forward to me
• forward it to me
2. I am so sorry but I have not obtained your … in your last email.
• copy
• enclosure
• attachment
3. Contemporary enterprises have a system, which … their employees' email.
• mentors
• monitors
• advises
4. At the beginning of your email message, it is common to thank for the counterpart’s
…
• replication
• replay
• reply
5. Businesspeople pay always attention to their businesslike language in all …
communications.
• electronics
• electric
• electronic
6. Paul was upset yesterday and sent our quotation … to another company.
• by-chance
• by-accident
• by error
7. In email correspondence when you send someone a "hidden" copy of an email it is
known as:
• deceiving
• cc-ing someone
• bcc-ing someone
8. Our secretary may have … your last email by mistake.
• deleted
• delete
• destroyed
9. We are so sorry but your email ended up in my … folder.
• trash mail
• bad mail
• junk mail
2 Business emails in english
- 28 -
10. When you send your business report to Susan, make sure to… the boss as well.
• forward
• copy
• send
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 29 -
2.7 KEY
1. Match the words with their definitions:
1. reply to all a) get rid of an email you do not want 1. f)
2. reply b) send a copy to 2. c)
3. delete c) send an answer to the person who
sent an email
3. a)
4. cc d) send a blind copy to 4. b)
5. bcc e) send an email you have received to
someone else
5. d)
6. forward f) send an answer to the person who
sent an email, and everyone who
received a copy of it
6. e)
7. attach g) send a document, e.g. a picture,
with an email
7. g)
2. Complete missing expressions in the following email:
a) Looking forward, b) Please let me know, c) Thanks for, d) Please find attached, e)
forward
Petra,
1. C… your email asking for budget breakdown for our current marketing campaign. 2. D… an
Excel with detailed figures for this. 3. B… if you cannot read the attachment. I am copying
Michael and Susan in on this. Please 4. E… it to the rest of the marketing team if you feel that
is a good idea.
5. A… to your reaction.
Bests wishes,
Brian
3. Explain the most common abbreviations in emails:
1. HTH a) not my problem 1. e)
2. FYI b) as far as I know 2. d)
3. FW c) to be forwarded 3. f)
4. NMP d) for your information 4. a)
5. TBF e) hope this helps 5. c)
6. AFAIK f) forwarded message 6. b)
2.7.1 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use the correct forms of the adjectives:
1. boring …more, the most boring
2. smart…smarter, the smartest
3. old-fashioned …more old-fashioned, the most old-fashioned
4. brave…braver, the bravest
5. limited…more limited, the most limited
2 Business emails in english
- 30 -
2. Complete the suitable comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives:
1. Our department is bigger … than yours.
2. Computers are more expensive … than telephones.
3. Emails are the cheapest … way of modern communication.
4. Dealing with foreign clients may be more difficult … than with the ones you know
well.
5. This is the quickest … method of payment.
6. The easiest … thing to do is to forward that message as soon as possible.
3. Say which of the tips you are supposed to use and which ones you are not in business
emails:
In business emails
you are supposed to:
DO! DO NOT!
1. check your spelling
and grammar
Do!
2. use slang or swear
words
Do not!
3. include a greeting
and a sign off
Do!
4. type in upper case Do not!
5. use smileys and
emoticons
Do not!
6. copy every email to
the whole office
Do not!
7. include proper
punctuation
Do!
8. write an angry email Do not!
9. include a subject line Do!
10. always use humour
in emails
Do not!
2.7.2 TEST
1. Could you please … that email you received from the boss.
• forward me
• forward to me
• forward it to me
2. I am so sorry but I have not obtained your … in your last email.
• copy
• enclosure
• attachment
3. Contemporary enterprises have a system, which … their employees' email.
• mentors
• monitors
• advises
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 31 -
4. At the beginning of your email message, it is common to thank for the counterpart’s
…
• replication
• replay
• reply
5. Businesspeople pay always attention to their businesslike language in all …
communications.
• electronics
• electric
• electronic
6. Paul was upset yesterday and sent our quotation … to another company.
• by-chance
• by-accident
• by error
7. In email correspondence when you send someone a "hidden" copy of an email it is
known as:
• deceiving
• cc-ing someone
• bcc-ing someone
8. Our secretary may have … your last email by mistake.
• deleted
• delete
• destroyed
9. We are so sorry but your email ended up in my … folder.
• trash mail
• bad mail
• junk mail
10. When you send your business report to Susan, make sure to… the boss as well.
• forward
• copy
• send
3 Successful entrepreneurs
- 32 -
3 SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS
3.1 VOCABULARY
accomplish dosáhnout
accomplishment úspěch, výkon
acknowledged všeobecně uznávaný
background zázemí, původ
brand značka
CEO výkonný předseda společnosti
competition konkurence
competitor konkurent
consumer spotřebitel
contribution přispění
customer zákazník
entrepreneur podnikatel
entrepreneurial podnikatelský
entrepreneurship podnikání
evidence důkaz
impact dopad, vliv
invention vynález
long term dlouhodobý
loyalty loajalita
market trh
obvious zřejmý
panache elegance, šmrnc
prowess zručnost, obratnost
reinvention znovuobjevení
relationship vztah
retailer maloobchodník
to set up založit
shareholder akcionář
short term krátkodobý
subsequent následný
to acquire získat
to address oslovit
to compete konkurovat, soutěžit
to conquer dobýt, zvítězit
to contribute přispět
to enter vstoupit
to gain získat
to influence ovlivnit
to invent vynalézt
to penetrate proniknout
to persuade přesvědčit
to revolutionize udělat převrat
to sell prodávat
to serve vykonávat (funkci)
user-friendly uživatelsky přívětivý
visionary vizionář
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 33 -
3.2 TEXT
SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEURS
In the whole world the greatest entrepreneurs are those who revolutionize business,
open opportunities for others and change the way we think and live. Their impact is felt for
generations. They are known for their greatest accomplishments in the specific line of
business. They inspire others and lead to newer and newer inventions, which make
consumers’ life much easier. They make all their best to meet the modern customers’ needs
and establish the long term relationship based on brand loyalty. There is no doubt that the
greatest entrepreneurs of modern times come from the IT background. The obvious evidence
of that is one of most acknowledged visionary Steve Jobs and his company that is one of the
top companies in the USA and the world.
Steve Jobs’ and the Apple Inc. story are a well-documented. Steve Wozniak combined
his computing genius with Steve Jobs’ marketing prowess and, voilà, Apple was born.
Ultimately, their impact was to make personal computing much more user-friendly, while
their entrepreneurial talent was in creating product loyalty and in owning every aspect of the
computer. When Wozniak and Jobs built their first Macintosh, they had no idea of the impact
it’d have on user-friendly personal computing. Then came their revolutionary operating
system, which gave users a desktop, windows and a mouse. If it weren’t for these elements,
we might still be using a C: prompt.
Conquering both the hardware and software worlds was quite a feat, but Apple took it
another step. Since Jobs’ return as CEO and the subsequent reinvention of the brand, Apple
has led the digital music revolution, selling more than 110 million iPods and 4 billion songs
from its iTunes online store. (Apple announced in February that iTunes is the No. 2 music
retailer in the United States, behind mega-retailer Wal-Mart.) Apple even entered the mobile
phone market successfully with its revolutionary iPhone. No other competitor has conquered
so many markets with the panache that Apple Inc. has, and that wouldn’t have been possible
without Steve Jobs. Jobs also founded Pixar Animation Studios (originally The Graphics
Group, which he bought from George Lucas) and served as CEO until it was acquired by
Walt Disney Company in 2006, making Jobs the largest individual Disney shareholder.
Zdroj: SUCCESS: Greatest Technology Entrepreneurs of All Time. [online]. 2013
[cit. 2013-01-21]. Dostupné z:
http://www.success.com/articles/199----greatest-technology-entrepreneurs-of-all-time#Jobs
QUESTIONS
What qualities do the most successful entrepreneurs have in common?
______________________________________________________________________
What background do the modern and successful entrepreneurs come from?
______________________________________________________________________
What invention did Steve Jobs and his friend Steve Wozniak come up with?
______________________________________________________________________
What impact did their invention have on the further development of computers and
software?
______________________________________________________________________
What other markets did Steve Jobs enter and how successful was his company there?
______________________________________________________________________
3 Successful entrepreneurs
- 34 -
3.3 LEXIS
1. Complete the missing collocations:
Words in Czech Noun in English Adjective in English
1. podnikatel/podnikatelský
2. dobrodružství/dobrodružný
3. rozhodnutí/rozhodný
4. úspěch/úspěšný
5. finance/finanční
6. stress/stresující
2. Add the opposites to the following adjectives:
1. hard-working a)
2. honest b)
3. organised c)
4. cooperative d)
5. generous e)
6. calm f)
7. professional g)
3. Which word is different?
1. founder bounder creator maker
2. entrepreneur entrepreneurship entrepreneurial entity
3. brand branding brandy brand loyalty
4. customer client clientele seller
4. Translate the following expressions into Czech:
1. mít vizi 6. vstoupit na nový trh
2. zorganizovat tým nadšených spolupracovníků 7. připravit marketingovou kampaň
3. získat finanční prostředky 8. získat nové zákazníky
4. přesvědčit okolí o svém produktu 9. udržovat si pozitivní image
5. vytvořit dlouhodobý vztah k značce 10. mít chuť dál expandovat
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 35 -
3.4 GRAMMAR
3.4.1 PAST SIMPLE
Minulý čas prostý se tvoří pro všechny osoby pomocí stejného zakončení, tedy sloveso
pravidelné + ed nebo u sloves nepravidelných nepravidelný tvar (came, took, brought apod.):
Kladná věta: Podmět + sloveso v minulém tvaru + zbytek věty (I attended the
meeting).
Zápor: Podmět + didn't (did not) + sloveso v infinitivu + zbytek věty (Our team did
not/didn’t come to the meeting).
Otázka: Did + podmět + sloveso v infinitivu + zbytek věty? (Did you buy the services
of that company?).
Minulý čas prostý se používá k:
k vyjádření ukončeného děje v minulosti,
k vyjádření děje, který následuje za jiným v příběhu, vyprávění apod.,
k vyjádření minulé události nebo zvyku,
bývá nejčastěji uváděn v kontextu s časovými spojkami jako: yesterday, ago, before,
after, last week apod.
Nyní uvádímé další příklady k výše zmíněným pravidlům:
PŘÍKLAD 3
I went to a business trip to Berlin two weeks ago.
PŘÍKLAD 4
I didn't go to a business trip to Berlin two weeks ago.
PŘÍKLAD 5
Did you set up the business?
3.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use the correct forms of the irregular verbs:
1. to set up…
2. to buy…
3. to sell…
4. to take over…
5. to withdraw…
2. Complete the suitable verbs forms:
1. Steve Jobs (create) …… his company a couple of decades ago.
2. Steve Jobs (come up) …… with new revolutionary inventions.
3. Apple (enter) …… the new markets and (become) ……. successful.
4. Apple (conquer) …… many new markets immediately.
5. Walt Disney Company (acquire) …… Pixar Animation Studios in 2006.
3 Successful entrepreneurs
- 36 -
3. Now form the questions to the sentences from Exercise 2 and use different question
forms, such as when, what, who, etc.:
1. …
2. …
3. …
4. …
5. …
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 37 -
3.5 SPEAKING
1. Prepare a short presentation about a well-known entrepreneur and tell your friends
about him/her.
3 Successful entrepreneurs
- 38 -
3.6 TEST
1. The greatest entrepreneurs are those who ... business.
• cease
• revolutionize
• terminate
2. They had no idea of the … it had on the IT business.
• fact
• pact
• impact
3. There is no … that the greatest entrepreneurs of modern times come from the IT
background.
• alternative
• answer
• doubt
4. Walt Disney Company … another business.
• entailed
• required
• acquired
5. Brand … is a long term process in each business.
• penalty
• loyalty
• disloyalty
6. Apple Company has created many … products.
• user-able
• user-madly
• user-friendly
7. Steve Jobs … his company a couple of decades ago.
• finded
• founded
• found
8. It is very easy to do business with Apple Company, they are so…
• slow to respond
• bureaucratic
• professional
9. Steve Jobs served as … in his Pixar Animation Studios.
• PA
• CEO
• MD
10. … is a person who owns shares.
• Steakholder
• Shareholder
• Shareower
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 39 -
3.7 KEY
3.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Complete the missing collocations:
Words in Czech Noun in English Adjective in English
1. podnikatel/podnikatelský entrepreneur entrepreneurial
2. dobrodružství/dobrodružný adventure adventurous
3. rozhodnutí/rozhodný decision decisive
4. úspěch/úspěšný success successful
5. finance/finanční finance financial
6. stress/stresující stress stressful
2. Add the opposites to the following adjectives:
1. hard-working a) lazy
2. honest b) dishonest
3. organised c) disorganized
4. cooperative d) uncooperative
5. generous e) mean
6. calm f) angry, excited
7. professional g) unprofessional
3. Which word is different?
1. founder bounder creator maker
2. entrepreneur entrepreneurship entrepreneurial entity
3. brand branding brandy brand loyalty
4. customer client clientele seller
4. Translate the following expressions into Czech:
1. to have a vision 6. to enter a new market
2. to organize a team of enthusiastic collaborators 7. to prepare a marketing campaign
3. to raise funds 8. to win/gain/obtain/get new customers
4. to persuade/convince the environment of your product 9. to maintain a positive image
5. to establish a long-term relationship to the brand 10. to have the desire to expand further
3.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use the correct forms of the irregular verbs:
1. set up
2. bought
3. sold
4. took over
5. withdrew…
2. Complete the suitable verbs forms:
1. Steve Jobs created his company a couple of decades ago.
2. Steve Jobs came up with new revolutionary inventions.
3. Apple entered the new markets and (become) ……. successful.
4. Apple conquered many new markets immediately.
5. Walt Disney Company acquired Pixar Animation Studios in 2006.
3 Successful entrepreneurs
- 40 -
3. Now form the questions to the sentences from Exercise 2 and use different question
forms, such as when, what, who, etc.:
1. When did Steve Jobs create his company?
2. What did Steve Jobs come up with?
3. What markets did Apple enter?
4. How quickly did Apple conquer new markets?
5. Who acquired Pixar Animation Studios?, Which company acquired Pixar Animation
Studios? When did Walt Disney Company acquire Pixar Animation Studios?
3.7.3 TEST
1. The greatest entrepreneurs are those who …. business.
• cease
• revolutionize
• terminate
2. They had no idea of the … it had on the IT business.
• fact
• pact
• impact
3. There is no … that the greatest entrepreneurs of modern times come from the IT
background.
• alternative
• answer
• doubt
4. Walt Disney Company … another business.
• entailed
• required
• acquired
5. Brand … is a long term process in each business.
• penalty
• loyalty
• disloyalty
6. Apple Company has created many … products.
• user-able
• user-madly
• user-friendly
7. Steve Jobs … his company a couple of decades ago.
• finded
• founded
• found
8. It is very easy to do business with Apple Company, they are so…
• slow to respond
• bureaucratic
• professional
9. Steve Jobs served as … in his Pixar Animation Studios.
• PA
• CEO
• MD
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 41 -
10. … is a person who owns shares.
• Steakholder
• Shareholder
• Shareower
4 Meetings
- 42 -
4 MEETINGS
4.1 VOCABULARY
absent nepřítomný
to accomplish dosáhnout
to address oslovit
to adjourn odložit, přerušit
agenda program, pořad jednání
AGM (annual general meeting) valná hromada
to allocate rozdělit, přidělit
AOB (any other business) různé
apologies omluva
to ballot hlasovat
board of directors představenstvo
boardroom zasedací síň správní rady
to brainstorm hledat nové nápady
casting vote rozhodující hlas
chairperson/chair předseda
to clarify objasnit, vyjasnit
clarification objasnění, vyjasnění
closing remarks poznámky na závěr
to collaborate spolupracovat
to commence začít
to comment vyjádřit se
conference porada, jednání
conference hall zasedací síň
confidential důvěrný
consensus shoda, souhlas
deadline končný termín
to designate jmenovat, vybrat, určit
formality formalita
grievance stížnost
guest speaker hostující mluvčí
to implement zavést, provést
mandatory povinný
minutes zápis, oficální zpráva
to motion předložit návrh
objectives cíle
opening remarks poznámky na začátku
participant účastník
proxy vote hlas v zastoupení
punctual dochvílný
to recommend doporučit
show of hands hlasování zdvižením ruky
unanimous jednohlasný
vote hlas
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 43 -
4.2 TEXT
MEETINGS
Many young managers still may it find difficult to encounter different meetings with
their staff members. In the following interview, the journalist is talking to a senior manager
who has a lot of experience in that field of corporate communication.
Journalist: My first question is how do managers call a meeting in businesses or are
they called to a meeting?
Senior manager: There are a number of ways that you may call or be called to a
meeting. Some meetings are announced by e-mail, and others are posted on bulletin boards. If
a meeting is announced at the end of another meeting, it is important to issue a reminder. A
reminder can also come in the form of an e-mail or notice. Verbal announcements or
reminders should always be backed up by documented ones. The date, location, time, length,
and purpose of the meeting should be included.
Journalist: So, what is then the second step?
Senior manager: In order to keep the meeting on task and within the set amount of
time, it is important to have an agenda. The agenda should indicate the order of items and an
estimated amount of time for each item.
Journalist: Managers’ job is to delegate different tasks. Is it possible with the
meetings?
Senior manager: Sure, it is. The person in charge of calling and holding a meeting may
decide to allocate certain roles to other staff members. Someone may be called upon to take
the minutes, someone may be asked to do roll call, and someone may be asked to speak on a
certain subject. This should be done either in person, or in an e-mail.
Journalist: Yes, I see. So how should a manager start a meeting?
Senior manager: Whether you are holding the meeting or attending the meeting it is
polite to make small talk while you wait for the meeting to start. You should discuss things
unrelated to the meeting, such as weather, family, or weekend plans. Following that, once
everyone has arrived, the chairperson, or whoever is in charge of the meeting should formally
welcome everyone to the meeting and thank the attendees for coming.
Journalist: How do you check that everyone is in the meeting?
Senior manager: If the meeting is a small group, it is probably unnecessary to take
attendance out loud. The person who is taking the minutes will know everyone personally and
can indicate who is present and who is absent. In a larger meeting, it may be necessary to send
around an attendance sheet or call out names.
Journalist: How do all participants know what is going to be discussed?
Senior manager: Some people who hold meetings prefer to pass around copies of the
agenda, and others will post a large copy on a wall, or use an overhead projector. No matter
which format is used, attendees should be able to follow the agenda as the meeting
progresses. Before beginning the first main item on the agenda, the speaker should provide a
brief verbal outline the objectives.
Journalist: Who should take the minutes?
Senior manager: Anyone, including you, may be assigned to take the minutes at a
meeting. Often someone who is not participating in the meeting will be called upon to be the
minute-taker.
Journalist: Does the slogan “Time is money” hold true in the meeting?
Senior manager: One of the most difficult things about holding an effective meeting is
staying within the time limits. A good agenda will outline how long each item should take. A
good chairperson will do his or her best to stay within the limits.
4 Meetings
- 44 Journalist:
When do managers need to turn to voting?
Senior manager: When issues cannot be resolved or decisions cannot be easily made,
they are often put to a vote. Most votes occur during meetings. Votes can be open, where
people raise their hands in favour or in opposition of the issue. In an open vote, the results are
evident immediately. Other votes, such as who should be elected to take on a certain role, are
private or closed. During private votes, attendees fill out ballots and place them in a box to be
counted. The results may not be counted until after the meeting.
Journalist: And finally, the meeting is about to end, how do you close the meeting?
Senior manager: There are different reasons why a meeting comes to an end. Time
may run out, or all of the items in the agenda may be checked off. Some meetings will end
earlier than expected and others will run late. The odd time, a meeting may be cut short due to
an unexpected problem or circumstance.
Journalist: What else should be mentioned at the end of the meeting?
Senior manager: The end of the meeting is also the time to thank anyone who has not
been thanked at the beginning of the meeting, or anyone who deserves a second thank you.
Congratulations or Good-luck can also be offered here to someone who has experienced
something new, such as receiving a promotion, getting married, or having a baby. In the
closing remarks, the chairperson, or participants may want to discuss the date and time for the
next meeting, when the minutes will be available, or when a decision should be made by. This
is also the time to give contact information, such as how to send a question by e-mail or who
to call regarding a certain issue.
Journalist: Thank you very much for your time!
Zdroj: Business English: Preparing for a Meeting. [online]. EnglishClub, 1997, 2013
[cit. 2013-01-21]. Dostupné z: http://www.englishclub.com/business-
english/meetings-preparations.htm
QUESTIONS
What is the typical structure of the corporate meeting?
______________________________________________________________________
What does the senior manager mean by the agenda?
______________________________________________________________________
Who looks after the minutes?
______________________________________________________________________
What are some of the good qualities of the chairperson?
______________________________________________________________________
What happens at the end of the meeting?
______________________________________________________________________
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 45 -
4.3 LEXIS
1. Complete the email and use the following expressions below:
competitors, duties, meeting, attend, expecting, make arrangements, purpose
To: jana.k@hotmail.com
cc: dana@hotmail.com; tomas@hotmail.com; nela@hotmail.com
From: peter@hotmail.com
Subject: Meeting
Hi Everyone,
We will be having a … next Monday from 1:00 PM-3:00 PM in Room 7.
All supervisors are expected to … . The … of the meeting is to
discuss the upcoming trade fair. As you probably have heard, this
could be one of our busiest trade fairs to date. There are already five hundred
… coming to the trade fair from all European countries and even from North
America. We are also … some Asian representatives too. Please
… to have other staff members cover your … during
the meeting.
Thank you,
Peter
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Dovolte, abych zahájil dnešní poradu…
2. Prvním bodem jednání bude…pak bude následovat…
3. Nyní budeme hlasovat…kdo je pro, proti, kdo se zdržel
hlasování?
4. Má někdo další návrhy?
5. Zápis z porady vám pošlu emailem…
3. Match the words with the correct definitions?
1. absent a) the person who leads or
presides at a meeting
5. consensus e) close a meeting
2. confidential b) not present 6. chairperson f) private
3. board of directors c) in complete agreement 7. deadline g) group of elected
members of an
organization/company who
meet to make decisions
4. adjourn d) due date for completion 8. unanimous h) general agreement
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. On the agenda today…
6. Sorry to hold the meeting up.
2. Okay everybody, thanks for coming. 7. I just wanted to see what kind of feedback
you’ve got.
3. Just a couple of things on the agenda. 8. Anybody got anything else they want to raise
before we wrap up?
4. If we could go through them in order… 9. I really strongly disagree.
5. Right then… let’s get down to business. 10. Any other business.
4 Meetings
- 46 -
4.4 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES
4.4.1 AGREEING, DISAGREEING, GIVING OPINIONS, INTERRUPTING AND
SUGGESTING IN ENGLISH
Během porad lze v angličtině volit z celé řady jednotlivých sloves, spojení či jiných
výrazů pro přesné vyjádření:
a) názorů: In my opinion..., in my view…, if you want to know my opinion…, the
way I see it…, I feel…, I think…, I believe…, I suppose…, I assume…, I guess…, it
seems, appears to me that… .
b) souhlasu: I agree…, I can go along with that…, I think we are in agreement on
that…, I share your view… .
c) nesouhlasu: I do not think it is a good idea…, I cannot go along with you there…,
I am afraid I cannot agree with you…, I am sorry but I do not agree at all…, I
absolutely disagree…, I think you are wrong… .
d) přerušení: May I interrupt you for a moment?..., I am sorry to interrupt you…,
break in, but…, May I come in at this point?…, Excuse me, may I ask a
question?..., I do not want to interrupt, but…, I would like to add something here if I
may…, If I might just add something here… .
d) návrhů: I would like to make a proposal…, I would like to make a suggestion…, I
suggest…, I propose…, I would like to put forward a different proposal…, Would
not it be a good idea that we…, Let us first have a look at…, Why do not we…?
Nyní následují další příklady.
PŘÍKLAD 6
I believe we can sign the contract today.
PŘÍKLAD 7
I am afraid; I do not go along with your quotation.
PŘÍKLAD 8
Let us put forward another proposal, which you might find quite acceptable.
4.4.2 GRAMMAR - EXERCISES
1. Compelete the suitbale prepositions:
1. I agree … their price.
2. … my opinion, you are wrong.
3. Derek, do not break … , I need to finish my thought!
4. Could we have a vote … it?
5. Today I would like to go … the main points quickly, we are running out time.
2. Use the suitable word in English:
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 47 -
1. May I (vyrušit) …… for a while?
2. Could we (přejít k dalšímu bodu jednání)……?
3. Our team has to absolutely (nesouhlasit) …… with your proposal!
4. How is going to keep the (zápis z jednání) …… today?
5. Now, let us have a (hlasovat) …… on the new project!
6. Who is in (pro) …… and who is (proti) ……. please raise your hands!
7. (Zdržel se někdo hlasování) …… ?
8. Today we are meeting to (hledat nové nápady)……
9. Please treat this information (tajně) ……
10. We have come (jednohlasně) …… to the conclusion that we would buy another
10% in their business.
3. Complete the minutes with the suitable word:
a) confirmed, b) commence, c) opinion, d) significance, e) vote, f) unanimous,
g) objected, h) opted for, i) chairman
Minutes of the meeting held at the Head Office of MacKenzie, on Jan.1
1. The … opened the meeting, 2. … the minutes of the last meeting and
stressed the 3. …of coming to a decision, then he asked Mrs. Susan to 4.
… the discussion by giving the others his …. on the new project. Fortunately, everyone
5. …a quick decision, so all participants did not have to 6. … on accepting the
procedure in terms of implementing the new project. No one 7. … and shortly
afterwards the 8. … decision was taken.
4 Meetings
- 48 -
4.5 SPEAKING
1. In pairs conduct a meeting, in which you will discuss different issues. Try to argue for
and against. Give your opinion as well.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 49 -
4.6 TEST
1. Bruce, the chairperson, ran out of time and he was forced to … the conference.
• accomplish
• adjourn
• confirm
2. Thomas will … as soon as all of the board members take a seat.
• commence
• brainstorm
• move
3. The meeting will … two hours.
• take place
• take
• break
4. In a meeting it is possible to … that a counterpart is telling the truth by observing
his/her body language.
• infect
• detect
• effect
5. Susan, if you have a … please wait until Sophie has finished speaking.
• comment
• implement
• detent
6. Our top managers we'll be discussing this year's profits at the …
• AOB
• AGM
• AMM
7. In her … the chairwoman thanked everyone for doing such a good job this week.
• agenda
• motion
• closing remarks
8. Before we … I want to remind everyone to sign the attendance form on the way out.
• cooperate
• collaborate
• wrap up
9. I was away on business in Turkey last month, so … was assigned.
• proxy-vote
• participant
• ballot
10. The board members of AVEX Company couldn't come to a ... so they had to hold a
vote last week.
• motion
• completion
• consensus
4 Meetings
- 50 -
4.7 KEY
4.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Complete the email and use the following expressions below:
To: jana.k@hotmail.com
cc: dana@hotmail.com; tomas@hotmail.com; nela@hotmail.com
From: peter@hotmail.com
Subject: Meeting
Hi Everyone,
We will be having a meeting next Monday from 1:00 PM-3:00 PM in Room 7.
All supervisors are expected to attend. The purpose of the meeting is to
discuss the upcoming trade fair. As you probably have heard, this
could be one of our busiest trade fairs to date. There are already five hundred
competitors coming to the trade fair from all European countries and even from North
America. We are also expecting some Asian representatives too. Please
make arrangements to have other staff members cover your duties during
the meeting.
Thank you,
Peter
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Dovolte, abych zahájil dnešní poradu… Let me commence / start / begin / open our today’s
meeting…
2. Prvním bodem jednání bude…pak bude následovat… The first item on the agenda will be… then will follow…
3. Nyní budeme hlasovat…kdo je pro, proti, kdo se zdržel
hlasování?
Now, we are going to have a vote… who is in favour, who
is against, any abstentions?
4. Má někdo další návrhy? Has anyone / does anyone have further proposals /
suggestions?
5. Zápis z porady vám pošlu emailem… I will send you the minutes by email…
3. Match the words with the correct definitions?
1. absent b) 5. consensus h)
2. confidential f) 6. chairperson a)
3. board of directors g) 7. deadline d)
4. adjourn e) 8. unanimous c)
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. Na dnešním programu jednání je… 6. Omluvám se, že zdržuji poradu.
2. Díky všem, že jste dorazili. 7. Chtěl jsem vidět, jakou mate zpětnou vazbu.
3. Několik věci na program jednání. 8. Má ještě někdo něco, než budeme končit?
4. Kdybychom si je mohli projít po řadě… 9. Opravdu musím velice nesouhlasit.
5. Tedy dobrá… pojďme na věc. 10. Různé.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 51 -
4.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Complete the suitable prepositions:
1. I agree with their price.
2. In my opinion, you are wrong.
3. Derek, do not break in, I need to finish my thought!
4. Could we have a vote on it?
5. Today I would like to go over the main points quickly, we are running out time.
2. Use the suitable word in English:
1. May I interrupt for a while?
2. Could we move to the next item on the agenda?
3. Our team has to absolutely disagree with your proposal!
4. How is going to keep the minutes today?
5. Now, let us have a vote on the new project!
6. Who is in favour and who is against please raise your hands!
7. Any abstentions?
8. Today we are meeting to brainstorm.
9. Please treat this information confidentially.
10. We have come unanimously to the conclusion that we would buy another
10% in their business.
3. Complete the minutes with the suitable word:
a) confirmed, b) commence, c) opinion, d) significance, e) vote, f) unanimous, g)
objected, h) opted for, i) chairman
Minutes of the meeting held at the Head Office of MacKenzie, on Jan.1
1. The i) chairman opened the meeting, 2. a) confirmed the minutes of the last meeting
and stressed the 3. d) significance of coming to a decision, then he asked Mrs. Susan to
4. b) commence the discussion by giving the others his c) opinion on the new project.
Fortunately, everyone 5. h) opted for a quick decision, so all participants did not have
to 6. e) vote on accepting the procedure in terms of implementing the new project. No
one 7. g) objected and shortly afterwards the 8. f) unanimous decision was taken.
4.7.3 TEST
1. Bruce, the chairperson, ran out of time and he was forced to … the conference.
• accomplish
• adjourn
• confirm
2. Thomas will … as soon as all of the board members take a seat.
• commence
• brainstorm
• move
3. The meeting will … two hours.
• take place
• take
• break
4 Meetings
- 52 -
4. In a meeting it is possible to … that a counterpart is telling the truth by observing
his/her body language.
• infect
• detect
• effect
5. Susan, if you have a … please wait until Sophie has finished speaking.
• comment
• implement
• detent
6. Our top managers we'll be discussing this year's profits at the …
• AOB
• AGM
• AMM
7. In her … the chairwoman thanked everyone for doing such a good job this week.
• agenda
• motion
• closing remarks
8. Before we … I want to remind everyone to sign the attendance form on the way out.
• cooperate
• collaborate
• wrap up
9. I was away on business in Turkey last month, so … was assigned.
• proxy-vote
• participant
• ballot
10. The board members of AVEX Company couldn't come to a ... so they had to hold a
vote last week.
• motion
• completion
• consensus
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 53 -
5 BUSINESS LETTERS IN ENGLISH
5.1 VOCABULARY
attachment příloha
block format zarovnání do bloku
body hlavní část
bullets odrážky
certified mail potvrzená, doporučená pošta
coherent souvislý, jasný, srozumitelný
concise stručný
confidential důvěrný
diplomacy diplomacie
diplomatic diplomatický
direct mail reklamní pošta
double space dvojité řádkování
enclosure příloha
formal formální
format formát, struktura, uspořádání
heading záhlaví
indent odsazení
informal neformální
inside address informace o příjemci
justified margins zarovnané okraje
letterhead hlavička
logo logo, emblém
margin okraj
memorandum, memo písemné interní sdělení
modified block format upravené zarovnání do bloku
on arrival notification, e.g. confidential označení charakteru dopisu, np. důvěrně apod.
postage poštovné
proofread korektura, udělat kontrolu
punctuation interpunkce
reader-friendly srozumitelný pro čtenáře
recipient příjemce
right ragged nezarovnaný okraj textu vpravo
salutation oslovení
sensitive information citlivá informace
semi-block format formát s odsazenými odstavci, nezarovnaný vlevo
sincerely s úctou
single spaced jednoduché řádkování
spacing řádkování
tone charakter, ton
transitions, e.g. furthermore… přechodový prvek v textu dopise, np. dále…
5 Business letters in english
- 54 -
5.2 TEXT
WRITING A BUSINESS LETTER
The term "business letter" makes people nervous. Many people with English as a second
language worry that their writing is not advanced enough for business writing. This is not the
case. An effective letter in business uses short, simple sentences and straightforward
vocabulary. The easier a letter is to read, the better. You will need to use smooth transitions so
that your sentences do not appear too choppy.
Salutation
First and foremost, make sure that you spell the recipient's name correctly. You should
also confirm the gender and proper title. Use Ms. for women and Mr. for men. Use Mrs. if
you are 100% sure that a woman is married. Under less formal circumstances, or after a long
period of correspondence it may be acceptable to address a person by his or her first name.
When you don't know the name of a person and cannot find this information out you may
write, "To Whom It May Concern". It is standard to use a comma (colon in North America)
after the salutation. It is also possible to use no punctuation mark at all. Here are some
common ways to address the recipient: Dear Mr Powell, Dear Ms Mackenzie, Dear Frederick
Hanson:, Dear Editor-in-Chief:, Dear Valued Customer, Dear Sir or Madam:, Dear Madam,
Dear Sir, Dear Sirs, Gentlemen:, etc.
First paragraph
In most types of business letter it is common to use a friendly greeting in the first
sentence of the letter. Here are some examples: I hope you are enjoying a fine summer.,
Thank you for your kind letter of January 5th., I came across an ad for your company in The
Star today., It was a pleasure meeting you at the conference this month., I appreciate your
patience in waiting for a response., etc.
After your short opening, state the main point of your letter in one or two sentences:
I'm writing to enquire about..., I'm interested in the job opening posted on your company
website., We'd like to invite you to a members only luncheon on April 5th., etc.
Second and third paragraphs
Use a few short paragraphs to go into greater detail about your main point. If one
paragraph is all you need, don't write an extra paragraph just to make your letter look longer.
If you are including sensitive material, such as rejecting an offer or informing an employee of
a layoff period, embed this sentence in the second paragraph rather than opening with it. Here
are some common ways to express unpleasant facts: We regret to inform you..., It is with
great sadness that we..., After careful consideration we have decided..., etc.
Final paragraph
Your last paragraph should include requests, reminders, and notes on enclosures. If
necessary, your contact information should also be in this paragraph. Here are some common
phrases used when closing a business letter: I look forward to..., Please respond at your
earliest convenience., I should also remind you that the next board meeting is on February
5th., For further details..., If you require more information..., Thank you for taking this into
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 55 consideration.,
I appreciate any feedback you may have., Enclosed you will find..., Feel free
to contact me by phone or email.
Closing
Here are some common ways to close a letter. Use a comma between the closing and
your handwritten name (or typed in an email). If you do not use a comma or colon in your
salutation, leave out the comma after the closing phrase: Yours truly, Yours sincerely,
Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Thank you, Best wishes, All the best, Best of luck, Warm regards,
etc.
Writing Tips
Use a conversational tone. Ask direct questions. Double-check gender and spelling of
names. Use active voice whenever possible. Use polite modals (would in favour of will).
Always refer to yourself as "I". Don't use "we" unless it is clear exactly who the pronoun
refers to. Rewrite any sentence or request that sounds vague. Don't forget to include the date.
Day-Month-Year is conventional in many countries; however, to avoid confusion, write out
the month instead of using numbers (e.g. July 5th, 2007)
Zdroj: EnglishClub: Learn English: Business English: Business Letters. [online]. 1997, 2013
[cit. 2013-01-29]. Dostupné z: http://www.englishclub.com/business-english/business-letters-
write.htm
QUESTIONS
What is a business letter according to the article?
______________________________________________________________________
What are the main parts of a business letter in English?
______________________________________________________________________
What are some writing tips for a proper business letter in English?
______________________________________________________________________
How do you start and close a business letter in English?
______________________________________________________________________
What information should be included in the main body of a business letter in English?
_____________________________________________________________________
5 Business letters in english
- 56 -
5.3 LEXIS
1. Match the words with the suitable definitions:
1. attachment a) the content of the letter; between the
salutation and signature
1.
2. direct mail b) a word or phrase that indicates what
the text below will be about
2.
3. heading c) greeting in a letter 3.
4. proofread d) the set up or organization of a
document
4.
5. salutation e) marketing letters addressed to a
large audience
5.
6. format f) read through a finished document to
check for mistakes
6.
7. body g) extra document or image that is
added to an email
7.
2. Add the opposites to the following adjectives:
1. ponderous a) public 1.
2. formal b) undiplomatic 2.
3. coherent c) reader-friendly 3.
4. confidential d) prolix 4.
5. diplomatic e) informal 5.
6. concise f) incoherent 6.
3. Which word is different?
1. salutation opening greeting closing
2. sender addressee receiver recipient
3. paragraph body section part
4. insincerely sincerely yours truthfully sincerely
4. Translate the following expressions into Czech:
1. Dear Madam 6. Please respond at your earliest convenience.
2. I appreciate your patience in waiting for a response. 7. For further details...
3. I'm writing to enquire about... 8. Enclosed you will find...
4. We regret to inform you... 9. I look forward to...
5. After careful consideration we have decided... 10. Sincerely yours
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 57 -
5.4 GRAMMAR
5.4.1 PREPOSITIONS IN BUSINESS LETTERS
V obchodní korespondenci je nutné dodržovat gramatickou správnost v oblasti předložek.
V další části si zopakujeme ty nejdůležitější předložky.
předložky v obecném použití,
předložky spojené napevno se slovesem,
předložky spojené napevno s podstatným jménem,
předložky spojené napevno s přídavným jménem.
Nyní následují jednotlivé příklady ke zmíněným pravidlům.
PŘÍKLAD 1
I went to a business trip to Amsterdam a week ago
PŘÍKLAD 2
We have not paid for the goods yet.
PŘÍKLAD 3
The acknowledgment of the order.
PŘÍKLAD 4
His company was quick in responding to our complaint.
5 Business letters in english
- 58 -
5.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Try do guess the correct prepositions and fill them in:
Farnham Green, Warnside, Upminster, UB23.
Tel: 091 8976. Fax: 091 9008. E-mail: manhot@xx.itl www.man.itx
15 January 2013
The Sales Manager,
Melody Modes Ltd.,
Carrham, Upminster UE12.
Your Ref: KPS/C3, Our Ref: Con/13/1
Dear Sir,
Thank you for your letter … 12 January regarding our conference facilities for your
sales convention in July this year.
I have pleasure … enclosing our current conference brochure and tariff. You will note that we
offer a variety … venues inside the hotel itself, … groups of between 20 and 150
people, … a choice of catering facilities and with or without accommodation. This year we are also
able to arrange functions in marquees in the hotel grounds, … a more limited range … catering, but
again with or … hotel accommodation.
We have two lecture rooms, with audiovisual equipment - overhead projectors and video and
DVD facilities - which might be … interest … you. There are also product display
facilities … the hotel.
If you require all or some … your delegates to be accommodated ... the hotel, I recommend
early booking, as July is one … our peak months. We offer 4-star accommodation, every room … en
suite facilities, minibar, television, personal safe,
trouser press. We have two restaurants, four bars, a fully equipped gymnasium, and an indoor/outdoor
swimming pool.
I look forward … hearing from you further, and I shall be happy to supply any additional
information you might require; you will be very welcome … visit the hotel to see … yourself the
facilities we offer.
Yours faithfully,
Hector Manning
General Manager
Enc.
Zdroj:
Cambridgecollege: BUSINESS ENGLISH & LETTER WRITING. [online]. [cit.2013-01-
29].Dostupné z: http://www.cambridgecollege.co.uk/coursesattachments/blwmod1.pdf
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 59 -
5.5 SPEAKING
1. Repeat with your partner the main rules for writing a business letter in English.
5 Business letters in english
- 60 -
5.6 TEST
1. Business letters should be … and … to read.
• simple … easy
• oversimple … easy
• complex … ponderous
2. In business letters it is advisable to use … voice.
• imperative
• passive
• active
3. The first paragraph of a business letter should be comprised entirely of …
• a friendly greeting and stating a main point in your letter
• "small talk"
• personal affairs
4. The first and second paragraph…
• go into greater detail about your main point
• conclude your general aspect of your main point
• shorten your main point
5. The last paragraph should include … .
• plans, wishes, and goodbyes
• requests, reminders, and notes on enclosures
• intention, notices, and notifications
6. In a business letter, it is advisable to refer to yourself as to …
• “They”
• “We”
• “I”
7. A(n) … letter in business uses short, simple sentences and straightforward
vocabulary.
• competent
• effective
• impotent
8. In business correspondence it is advisable to use Mrs. if you are 100% sure that a
woman is … .
• married
• single
• divorced
9. Generally in business letters ... are used.
• Ms. for girls and Mr. for boys
• Ms. for women and Mr. for men
• Mrs. for all women and Mr. for men
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 61 -
10. It is advisable to use … modals in a business letter.
• polite
• direct
• indirect
5 Business letters in english
- 62 -
5.7 KEY
5.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Match the words with the suitable definitions:
1. attachment a) the content of the letter; between the
salutation and signature
1. g)
2. direct mail b) a word or phrase that indicates what
the text below will be about
2. e)
3. heading c) greeting in a letter 3. b)
4. proofread d) the set up or organization of a
document
4. f)
5. salutation e) marketing letters addressed to a
large audience
5. c)
6. format f) read through a finished document to
check for mistakes
6. d)
7. body g) extra document or image that is
added to an email
7. a)
2. Add the opposites to the following adjectives:
1. ponderous a) public 1. c)
2. formal b) undiplomatic 2. e)
3. coherent c) reader-friendly 3. f)
4. confidential d) prolix 4. a)
5. diplomatic e) informal 5. b)
6. concise f) incoherent 6. d)
3. Which word is different?
1. salutation opening greeting closing
2. sender addressee receiver recipient
3. paragraph body section part
4. insincerely sincerely yours truthfully sincerely
4. Translate the following expressions into Czech:
1. Vážená paní 6. Prosím dejte nám vědět co možná nejdříve.
2. Vážím si Vaši trpělivosti ohledně odpovědi. 7. Pro další podrobnosti...
3. Píšu, abych se poptal na ... 8. V příloze najdete...
4. Litujeme, ale musíme Vám sdělit... 9. Těším se na...
5. Po pečlivé zvážení jsem se rozhodli... 10. S úctou
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 63 -
5.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
Try do guess the correct prepositions and fill them in:
Farnham Green, Warnside, Upminster, UB23.
Tel: 091 8976. Fax: 091 9008. E-mail: manhot@xx.itl www.man.itx
15 January 2013
The Sales Manager,
Melody Modes Ltd.,
Carrham, Upminster UE12.
Your Ref: KPS/C3, Our Ref: Con/13/1
Dear Sir,
Thank you for your letter of 12 January regarding our conference facilities for your
sales convention in July this year.
I have pleasure in enclosing our current conference brochure and tariff. You will note that we
offer a variety of venues inside the hotel itself, for groups of between 20 and 150
people, with a choice of catering facilities and with or without accommodation. This year we are also
able to arrange functions in marquees in the hotel grounds, with a more limited range of catering, but
again with or without hotel accommodation.
We have two lecture rooms, with audiovisual equipment - overhead projectors and video and
DVD facilities - which might be of interest to you. There are also product display
facilities within the hotel.
If you require all or some of your delegates to be accommodated in the hotel, I recommend
early booking, as July is one of our peak months. We offer 4-star accommodation, every room with
en suite facilities, minibar, television, personal safe,
trouser press. We have two restaurants, four bars, a fully equipped gymnasium, and an indoor/outdoor
swimming pool.
I look forward to hearing from you further, and I shall be happy to supply any additional
information you might require; you will be very welcome to visit the hotel to see for yourself the
facilities we offer.
Yours faithfully,
Hector Manning
General Manager
Enc.
5 Business letters in english
- 64 -
5.7.3 TEST
1. Business letters should be … and … to read.
• simple … easy
• oversimple … easy
• complex … ponderous
2. In business letters it is advisable to use … voice.
• imperative
• passive
• active
3. The first paragraph of a business letter should be comprised entirely of …
• a friendly greeting and stating a main point in your letter
• "small talk"
• personal affairs
4. The first and second paragraph…
• go into greater detail about your main point
• conclude your general aspect of your main point
• shorten your main point
5. The last paragraph should include …
• plans, wishes, and goodbyes
• requests, reminders, and notes on enclosures
• intention, notices, and notifications
6. In a business letter, it is advisable to refer to yourself as to …
• “They”
• “We”
• “I”
7. A(n) … letter in business uses short, simple sentences and straightforward
vocabulary.
• competent
• effective
• impotent
8. In business correspondence it is advisable to use Mrs. if you are 100% sure that a
woman is … .
• married
• single
• divorced
9. Generally in business letters ... are used.
• Ms. for girls and Mr. for boys
• Ms. for women and Mr. for men
• Mrs. for all women and Mr. for men
10. It is advisable to use … modals in a business letter.
• polite
• direct
• indirect
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 65 -
6 LEAN MANUFACTURING
6.1 VOCABULARY
batch série
benefit výhoda
CEO výkonný předseda
competitor konkurent
costs náklady
customer zákazník
efficiency výkonnost, efektivita
emphasis důraz
focus on … pozornost, zaměření na …
implementation provedení, uskutečnění, realizace
improvement zlepšení, zdokonalení
inventory zásoby
key klíčový
lead time doba mezi započetím procesu a realizaci výsledků
lean manufacturing štíhlá výroba
mass production velkovýroba, hromadná výroba
objective cíl
performance výkon
previous předchozí
producer výrobce
production výroba
sigma standardní odchylka
target cíl
to accuse of obvinit, obžalovat
to achieve dosáhnout
to admire obdivovat
to be slow on the uptake pomalu chápající, málo bystrý
to cut redukovat, snížit
to eliminate odstranit, zlikvidovat
to implement provést, uskutečnit, realizovat
to improve zdokonalit, zlepšit
to measure měřit, změřit
to overstate přehánět, zveličovat
to produce vyrábět
to raise zvýšit
to reduce snížit, redukovat
to simplify zjednodušit
to speed up zrychlit
value added s přidanou hodnotou
waste plýtvání, mrhání, ztráta
6 Lean manufacturing
- 66 -
6.2 TEXT
LEAN CUTS FAT OFF GE’S PRODUCTION LINE
By Ed Crooks
Chip Blankenship, the chief executive of General Electric’s appliances business, says
the company has been able to bring jobs back to the US from China and Mexico because of its
adoption of so-called lean manufacturing: the widely admired set of production techniques
pioneered by Toyota.
Lean has been a popular management philosophy since the 1990s, and GE might be
accused of being slow on the uptake.
But lean represents a breach with GE’s previous management culture, according to
professor Jeffrey Liker of the University of Michigan, author of several books on Toyota.
Jack Welch, GE’s chief executive until 2001, championed six sigma: a system based on
statistical analysis designed to improve quality and reduce costs.
In its focus on production efficiency, six sigma shares an objective with lean
manufacturing. Its methods, however, are different.
Six sigma relies on specialists, known as black belts, to measure, analyse and improve
key processes.
Prof Liker says that under Mr Welch, the black belts’ behaviour reflected his “topdown”
management style, with heavy emphasis on hitting financial targets.
The differences can be overstated. GE talks about hybrid techniques that it describes as
lean six sigma. However, there is one central feature of lean that is quite distinctive: its stress
on staff at all levels being focused on raising performance.
One side of lean production is technical, involving processes such as just-in-time
delivery to reduce inventory. The other involves people, organising production workers into
teams with responsibility for identifying problems and suggesting solutions.
At GE’s Louisville plant, lean also means co-locating all the functions associated with
manufacturing: design, engineering, quality control, production, even product development,
on the same site, so opportunities to improve the process or respond to changes in the market
can be acted on quickly. Those are benefits that are impossible to achieve with outsourced
manufacturing in a low-wage economy.
In a Harvard Business Review article Jeff Immelt, GE chief executive, said that by
using lean production Appliance Park teams have cut by 68 per cent the time taken to build a
dishwasher.
Zdroj: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/25ee1d1a-7994-11e1-8fad-
00144feab49a.html#axzz2IgvZTBls
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 67 -
QUESTIONS
What has Chip Blankenship, GE’s CEO, achieved in the US?
______________________________________________________________________
How did Chip Blankenship accomplish that?
______________________________________________________________________
What is a six-sigma system in GE for?
______________________________________________________________________
What does lean production involve in GE?
______________________________________________________________________
What are clear benefits of applying lean production in GE?
______________________________________________________________________
6 Lean manufacturing
- 68 -
6.3 LEXIS
1. Match the words with their explanations:
1. mass production a) a decrease in the size, price, or
amount of something, or the act of
decreasing something
1.
2. benefit b) the act of improving something or the
state of being improved
2.
3. analysis c) a careful examination of something in
order to understand it better
3.
4. improvement d) an advantage, improvement, or help
that you get from something
4.
5. reduction e) when products are made in large
numbers by machines so that they can
be sold cheaply
5.
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Štíhlá výroba je metodika, kterou vyvinula firma Toyota
po druhé světové válce a označuje se jako TPS - Toyota
Production System.
2. Jedná se přístup k výrobě způsobem, kdy se producent
snaží uspokojit v maximální míře zákazníkovy požadavky
tím, že bude vyrábět jen to, co zákazník požaduje.
3. Snaží se vytvářet produkty v co možná nejkratší době a
pokud možno s minimálními náklady, bez ztráty kvality
nebo na úkor zákazníka.
4. Štíhlá výroba zamezuje plýtváním zásob, čekání a
nadbytečné výrobě.
5. Štíhlá výroba zahrnuje lidi, organizování výrobních
dělníků do týmů s odpovědností za zjištění problémů a
navrhování řešení.
3. Build different words in English:
Verb Noun
1. produce ….
2. … reduction
3. implement …
4. … elimination
5. cut …
6. … waste
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 69 -
6.4 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES
6.4.1 DESCRIBING TRENDS IN ENGLISH
Během porad lze v angličtině volit z celé řady jednotlivých sloves, příslovcí, spojení či
jiných výrazů pro přesné vyjádření:
a) trendů směrem na horu: np. to increase, to go up, to rise, to reach a high, to reach
a peak, to peak, to soar, to rocket, to grow…
b) stability: to be stable, to remain constant, to hold steady, to flatten out, to stabilize,
to level off, to bottom out…
c) změny směru: to recover, to pick up, to falter, to fluctuate…
d) trendů směrem dolu: to decrease, to drop, to climb back, to plunge, to slump, to
collapse, to slip back, to crash, to fall, to go down, to decline…
d) trendů pomocí příslovcí: suddenly, sharply, slightly, moderately, considerably,
gradually, quickly, slowly, steeply, intensively, clearly…
e) trendů pomocí sloves a podstatných jmen s ustálenou předložkou: to rise from…to,
to increase by, an increase of…, to fall from…to, to decrease by, a rise in, a fall in,
to be at…
Nyní následují konkrétní příklady k výše uvedeným frázím.
PŘÍKLAD 1
The turnover rose from $ 1m to $2m.
PŘÍKLAD 2
Sales are at last year’s level.
PŘÍKLAD 3
This year, its first quarter income went up by 5%.
6.4.2 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES – EXERCISES
1. Study the examples above and fill the chart:
Rise Fall No change Change of direction
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6 Lean manufacturing
- 70 -
2. Use the simple past forms of the following verbs:
In the period between Jan 2011 and Jan 2012, an upward trend 1. (be) ... recorded in the
growth rate of retail sales peaking at 25% at the end of the observed period. Having reached a
low towards the end of January 1999, retail sales 2. (start) ... rising in February, 3. (slip) ...
back in March and 4. (remain) ... stable at 21% throughout April. A sharp increase to 32% is
visible in early May followed by an abrupt drop to 18% in June. Retail sales 5. (climb) ...
back to 21% in July. They 6. (go up) ... up mildly in August and 7. (continue) ... rising in
September.
3. Based on the graph below, complete the suitable data:
In the period between Feb 1999 and Jan 2000, an upward trend was recorded in the
growth rate of retail sales peaking at 1. ...% at the end of the observed period. Having reached
a low towards the end of January 1999, retail sales started rising in February, slipped back in
March and remained stable at 2. ...% throughout April. An increase to 3. ...% is visible in
early June followed by an abrupt drop to 4. ...% in July. They went up mildly in August and
continued rising in September.
Zdroj: http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/index.html
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 71 -
6.5 SPEAKING
1. Look for some companies, which use lean production and talk about its benefits with
your partner.
6 Lean manufacturing
- 72 -
6.6 TEST
1. Lean production is mainly about … costs.
• breaking
• cutting
• severing
2. The benefits of lean production generally are …
• high costs, low quality, and longest lead times
• middle costs, highest quality, and shortest lead times
• lower costs, higher quality, and shorter lead times
3. Traditional manufacturing philosophies … emphasis on high utilization of machinery
and manpower.
• lie
• lay
• led
4. The objective of batch production is to make large lots of a particular item and to gain
… efficiencies of equipment and machine changeover time.
• economic
• economical
• eco
5. Lean production … inventory waste, waiting and overproduction.
• concludes
• includes
• eliminates
6. Focus of Just in Time is … on delivering what the customer wants, when they want it,
in the quantity they want.
• at
• in
• of
7. … time is the actual time it takes to complete a process from start to finish to produce
one unit.
• cycles
• cycle
• cycling
8. … time is the delay between the initiation and execution of a process.
• Leading
• Leader
• Lead
9. Lean production puts stress on staff at all levels being focused on … performance.
• raising
• riding
• rising
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 73 -
10. Lean production techniques … by the Japanese.
• were pioneers
• were pioneered
• were pioneering
6 Lean manufacturing
- 74 -
6.7 KEY
6.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Match the words with their explanations:
1. mass production a) a decrease in the size, price, or
amount of something, or the act of
decreasing something
1. …e
2. benefit b) the act of improving something or the
state of being improved
2. …d
3. analysis c) a careful examination of something in
order to understand it better
3. …c
4. improvement d) an advantage, improvement, or help
that you get from something
4. …b
5. reduction e) when products are made in large
numbers by machines so that they can
be sold cheaply
5. …a
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Štíhlá výroba je metodika, kterou vyvinula firma Toyota
po druhé světové válce a označuje se jako TPS - Toyota
Production System.
1. Lean Manufacturing is a methodology developed by
Toyota after the 2nd World War and is referred to as
TPS - Toyota Production System.
2. Jedná se přístup k výrobě způsobem, kdy se producent
snaží uspokojit v maximální míře zákazníkovy požadavky
tím, že bude vyrábět jen to, co zákazník požaduje.
2. This is an approach to production, when the
producer tries to satisfy as much as possible the
customer’s needs by producing only what the customer
requires.
3. Snaží se vytvářet produkty v co možná nejkratší době a
pokud možno s minimálními náklady, bez ztráty kvality
nebo na úkor zákazníka.
3. It strives to create products in the shortest possible
time and with a minimal cost, without the loss of
quality or at the expense of a customer.
4. Štíhlá výroba zamezuje plýtváním zásob, čekání a
nadbytečné výrobě.
4. Lean production eliminates inventory waste, waiting
and oveproduction.
5. Štíhlá výroba zahrnuje lidí, organizování výrobních
dělníků do týmů s odpovědností za zjištění problémů a
navrhování řešení.
5. Lean production involves people, organising
production workers into teams with responsibility for
identifying problems and suggesting solutions.
3. Build different words in English:
Verb Noun
1. produce production
2. … reduction
3. implement implementation
4. … elimination
5. cut cut
6. waste waste
6.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Study the examples above and fill the chart:
Rise Fall No change Change of direction
1. go up go down stay the same recover
2. increase decrease remain steady pick up
3. soar drop hold constant falter
4. rocket plunge stabilize fluctuate
5. peak slump level off improve
6. grow decline bottom out get better
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 75 -
2. Use the simple past forms of the following verbs:
In the period between Jan 2011 and Jan 2012, an upward trend 1. was recorded in the
growth rate of retail sales peaking at 25% at the end of the observed period. Having reached a
low towards the end of January 1999, retail sales 2. started rising in February, 3. slipped
back in March and 4. remained stable at 21% throughout April. A sharp increase to 32% is
visible in early May followed by an abrupt drop to 18% in June. Retail sales 5. climbed back
to 21% in July. They 6. went up mildly in August and 7. continued rising in September.
3. Based on the graph below, complete the suitable data:
In the period between Feb 1999 and Jan 2000, an upward trend was recorded in the
growth rate of retail sales peaking at 1. 6% at the end of the observed period. Having reached
a low towards the end of January 1999, retail sales started rising in February, slipped back in
March and remained stable at 2. 1,5% throughout April. An increase to 3. 3,8% is visible in
early June followed by an abrupt drop to 4. 2,5% in July. They went up mildly in August and
continued rising in September.
6.7.3 TEST
1. Lean production is mainly about … costs.
• breaking
• cutting
• severing
2. The benefits of lean production generally are …
• high costs, low quality, and longest lead times
• middle costs, highest quality, and shortest lead times
• lower costs, higher quality, and shorter lead times
3. Traditional manufacturing philosophies … emphasis on high utilization of
machinery and manpower.
• lie
• lay
• led
4. The objective of batch production is to make large lots of a particular item and to
gain … efficiencies of equipment and machine changeover time.
• economic
• economical
• eco
5. Lean production … inventory waste, waiting and overproduction.
• concludes
• includes
• eliminates
6. Focus of Just in Time is … on delivering what the customer wants, when they want
it, in the quantity they want.
• at
• in
• of
6 Lean manufacturing
- 76 -
7. … time is the actual time it takes to complete a process from start to finish to
produce one unit.
• Cycles
• Cycle
• Cycling
8. … time is the delay between the initiation and execution of a process.
• Leading
• Leader
• Lead
9. Lean production puts stress on staff at all levels being focused on … performance.
• raising
• riding
• rising
10. Lean production techniques … by the Japanese.
• were pioneers
• were pioneered
• were pioneering
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 77 -
7 STOCK MARKETS
7.1 VOCABULARY
asked price nejnižší cena za cenné papíry, kterou prodávající akceptuje
at the market příkaz ke koupi a prodeji akcie za momentálně nejlepší
cenu
auction market dražební trh
benefits of trade výhody obchodu
bid price nabídková cena
bond market trh obligací
broker makléř
capital market kapitálový trh
clerk zaměstnanec makléřské firmy předávající zakázky a
informace mezi makléři v kanceláři a makléři v budově
burzy
commission provize
costs of trade náklady obchodu
customer zákazník
derivatives market trh derivátů
floor broker makléř v budově burzy
foreign exchange market devizový trh
futures market termínový trh
investment banker investiční bankéř
IPO market trh s počáteční veřejnou nabídkou
limit order příkaz ke koupi a prodeji akcie za určitou (lepší) cenu
listed stock kótovaná akcie
market burzovní trh
market-maker obchodník na burzovním trhu
NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotations
automatizovaný systém burzovních záznamů Národního
sdružení obchodníků s cennými papíry
New-Issues Market trh, na kterém firma prodává své akcie pro získání peněz
pro rozjezd nebo expanzi
NYSE New York Stock Exchange
over the counter market přepážkový trh
performance výkon
price cena
primary market prvotní trh
quotes kotace
secondary market druhotný trh
security cenný papír
share akcie
specialists makléř specializující se na určité akcie v budově burzy
stock akcie
stock market akciový trh
stockbroker makléř
7 Stock markets
- 78 -
7.2 TEXT
MY TYPICAL TRADING DAY
Today, in our next business communication discussion for our young entrepreneurs we
are dealing with stock markets, and at present we are discussing a typical trading routine with
a young and successful broker from the US.
Journalist: How would you describe your daily program at the stock exchange? Is it
rather a routine job or is it a job full of constant changes?
Broker: Well, it is rather a routine. I believe routines are important when seeking
consistent results or evaluating performance. By following a routine, a trader can get involved
in the process of trading each day, rather than getting wrapped up in analyzing results.
Evaluating results certainly has its place, but it can be a hindrance to trading your best from
day to day.
Journalist: When do you usually start your job and what are your typical activities?
Broker: My routine begins in the morning about 90 minutes prior to the opening bell. I
come into my home office and get my computers up and running. I have three PC’s and four
screens which I use each day. I take a look at the news and see what headlines may have an
effect on the day’s open (CNN.com), as well as what stocks may be in play due to news on
them (updated throughout the day at Briefing.com’s In Play page available from my
CyberTrader brokerage account). I then start to load up my watch lists into quote windows, as
well as into my Real-Time Streaming Stock Alerts windows. I use Trade-Ideas Pro, which
alerts me the moment stocks hit new highs or lows, or any of a number of other criteria are
met. It also helps me search for patterns or volume moves intraday, which I find useful for
daytrades.
Journalist: Well, I see, and what happens then? What software do you use in your line
of business?
Broker: Once I have loaded those lists, I then turn to my primary brokerage account
which is CyberTrader. I use the CyberTrader Pro platform, which has every tool I have ever
needed to execute trades and monitor positions. I use the Market View windows for quote
lists, but my favorite feature of this direct-access trading platform is their conditional alerts
feature. So during the premarket, I set conditional alerts for my swing trading newsletter
picks, by using time, bid/ask, and price conditions. I can set these to automatically generate
live orders once they trigger, or simply to alert me once the conditions are met. I generally set
them to get me into at least a partial position, and then I will monitor the pilot position and
add to it as I see fit. Once I am in the positions, I then set automatic exit alerts as stop-loss
orders to close out the trade for me if needed. This not only saves me valuable time, but it
allows me to focus on remaining positions rather than second-guess whether or not I should
exit. Let me say that many more times than not I am quite glad to have had an automatic stop
order generated for me using these conditional alerts! Nothing is worse in trading than
fighting a losing position and regretting not getting out at the originally planned stop-loss
price. These alerts take that possibility out of play for me, and let me keep trading and looking
for the next move.
Journalist: Besides that, do you get involved in other trading activities as well?
Broker: Throughout the day, I keep tabs on the market in a few ways. I read some
financial websites such as RealMoney to keep me aware of current and upcoming events, and
it is always good to read trading articles from other traders. I also am on instant messenger
with a few other traders which I have worked with for several years. We work well looking
for intraday setups together better than any of us might do individually. As long as you can
stay focused on the market and not get sidetracked discussing other topics, this is a good way
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 79 to
trade. I have never looked at other traders as competition, but rather as helpful resources to
share ideas with and seek out new ways to profit. It also gives me interaction with people
which is good when trading in a home office. A trading chat room can be helpful (but
sometimes expensive) when looking for others to share ideas with, but I am not a member of
any.
Journalist: Now, just to get an idea, how much do you trade? Is it possible to measure
it?
Broker: Sure, it is. I probably place about 20 round-trip trades per day on average. I
will keep stocks overnight, but I also daytrade. I don’t let commissions deter me from
entering new trades, because they have become so cheap that only a very small move in the
stock can more than pay for the commission. If I feel the market is on the move, I will
become more aggressive in adding to open positions or seeking new ones. If the market is
slow-moving and range-bound, I am reluctant to add new positions unless they are for swing
trading.
Journalist: What happens at the end of your trading day?
Broker: Once the closing bell sounds, I get away from the computer fairly quickly. I do
not stick around for earnings, as I never hold stocks going into the announcements. After
staring at my screens so long, I want to get out of the house! About 90 minutes after the close,
I begin my research and scan for stocks using my stock charting software. I run scans for
custom criteria to narrow down the list, but primarily I am manually scrolling through
hundreds of charts looking for chart patterns I like. This process takes well over an hour, and
then I begin to compose my swing trading newsletter. The newsletter takes another hour, and
then I publish it to my website and email it to subscribers. Now I have my swing trading
candidates for the following day as well as some potential daytrades which I may have found
while scanning the universe of stocks.
Finally my work is done for the day, and I can eat dinner and kick back for some serious
reality TV! If you don’t have a DVR or TIVO, I highly recommend getting one!
Follow a regular routine and you will soon learn what things are most important to your own
trading process. Good night and trade well tomorrow!
Journalist: Thanks a lot for your time and good luck!
Broker: I appreciate it.
Zdroj: Thestockbandit: Swing Trading & Momentum Investing. [online]. 2013 [cit.
2013-01-21]. Dostupné z: http://www.thestockbandit.com/
thestockbandit@thestockbandit.com
QUESTIONS
What are some typical trading activities in the morning?
______________________________________________________________________
What software does the broker use in his job?
______________________________________________________________________
How much does the broker trade a day?
______________________________________________________________________
What trading activities is he involved in throughout the day?
______________________________________________________________________
What are his trading activities at the end of the day?
______________________________________________________________________
7 Stock markets
- 80 -
7.3 LEXIS
1. Complete the sentences and use the vocabulary listed above:
1. In Europe, the stock market has
been … for two days straight lately.
a) fall b) lower c) down 1.
2. Apple’s stocks are … 15% this
month.
a) higher b) up c) high 2.
3. As it has been proved many times
before, trading stock is not an …
science
a) exact b) faultless c) spotless 3.
4. When a stock market … ( = goes
down considerably), many investors
lose a lot of money.
a) crashes b) smashes c) clashes 4.
5. Our corporate … advised us to buy
this company's stock.
a) breaker b) broker c) brokerage 5.
6. The stock decreased in value
because many investors were selling
it … after the negative financial news
came out yesterday in Italy.
a) on b) out c) off 6.
7. Economic negative news had no …
on the price of the stock..
a) impasse b) impact c) interest 7.
8. These days many investors are
uneasy … the health of the European
economies.
a) of b) at c) about 8.
9. Online brokers are usually less
expensive than their offline …
a) counterparts b) counterpartners
c) counteracts
9.
10. Our business is hoping for a 15%
… over the next twelve months.
a) increasing b) increase c) increased 10.
2. Translate the following phrases into English:
1. obchodovat s akciemi
2. emise všech druhů akcií
3. provádět operace
4. obchodovatelná komodita
5. přebytek
3. Match the nouns with appropriate adjectives:
1. IPO a) borrowing 5. trading e) exchange
2. foreign b) deposits 6. monetary f) subject
3. short-term c) market 7. financial g) rate
4. interbank d) system 8. interest h) transactions
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. Borrowers are individuals who need loans and
mortgages.
….
2. Intermediaries are banks that assist in different financial
activities.
…
3. A lender is a person who puts his money aside for future
use.
…
4. The resources include bank deposits, investments in
shares and bonds.
…
5. Lenders deal with operations with surplus cash in
money markets.
…
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 81 -
7.4 GRAMMAR
7.4.1 FUTURE TENSES IN ENGLISH
V angličtině není žádný budoucí čas jako takový, nicméně je zde několik tvarů, které se
mohou vztahovat k budoucnosti – tři z nich jsou will, going to a přítomný čas průběhový.
Rozdíl mezi nimi není v blízkosti nebo vzdálenosti budoucnosti, ani v jistotě; mluvčí volí
budoucí tvar v závislosti na době, kdy bylo učiněno rozhodnutí a jak se mluvčí na budoucí
událost dívá.
1. Předvídání (will, going to)
Will se nejčastěji používá jako pomocné sloveso ukazující na budoucí čas, vyjadřuje budoucí
fakt nebo předvídání – to se nazývá „čistou budoucností“ nebo budoucím časem prostým.
(We will be away for two weeks.) Will použité pro předvídání může být založeno více na
názoru než na faktu. (I think Laura will do very well in her exams. She works hard.)
Going to se také může použít u předvídání, zvláště, když je založeno na přítomném
faktu, je zde nějaký důkaz, že se něco určitě stane. (She is going to have a baby. (Bude mít
dítě. – Je vidět, že je těhotná.)
Někdy není mezi will a going to žádný rozdíl.
2. Rozhodnutí a záměr (will, going to)
Will se také používá jako modální pomocné sloveso k vyjádření rozhodnutí, záměru nebo
nabídky vytvořené v okamžiku mluvení (I’ll have a steak please.) Going to se používá k
vyjádření budoucího plánu, záměru nebo rozhodnutí vytvořeného před okamžikem mluvení
(When I grow up, I’m going to be a doctor.)
3. Dohody (přítomný čas průběhový)
Přítomný čas průběhový se může použít k vyjádření budoucí dohody mezi lidmi, to se
obvykle vztahuje k blízké budoucnosti. (We’re going out with Jeremy tonight.) Někdy není
rozdíl mezi odsouhlasenou dohodou (přítomný čas průběhový) a záměrem (going to) (We’re
going to get / we’re getting married in the spring.)
Nyní následují další příklady k uvedeným pravidlům.
PŘÍKLAD 1
We will be away for two weeks in Germany on our business trip.
PŘÍKLAD 2
When I grow up, I’m going to be an entrepreneur.
PŘÍKLAD 3
We are going out with our new business partners this evening.
7 Stock markets
- 82 -
7.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use future forms in the following situations:
1. Have your read the latest news on the stock market? – Yes, it says that the stock
market … probably … stay the same this year.
2. What do you competitors intend to do? – They … sell all their shares.
3. This report is urgent, it needs sending immediately. – OK, I … do it.
4. This company is getting bigger and bigger. – They … open another new branch in
Dubai.
5. According to the latest predictions, the Japanese economy … grow next year.
2. Complete the suitable present and future tenses in the following situations:
1. If you … buy some more shares within another two weeks, you … be much better
off.
2. It … cost another 10.000 $ if you … not act promptly.
3. This corporation … not offer a bigger discount, if you … not do something in return.
4. Our manager … sign the agreement if… provide us more freedom in our decisionmaking
processes.
5. Unless you … lower your price by at least 6%, we … cannot provide any other
advantages.
3. Translate into Czech the following phrases:
1. As a result of the stronger dollar…
2. Due to terrible economic results, …
3. Because of shortages in the supply of gas…
4. Based on the latest news, …
5. Owing to this fact, …
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 83 -
7.5 SPEAKING
1. Retell your friend the content of the article „My typical trading day“ using your own
words.
7 Stock markets
- 84 -
7.6 TEST
1. HTC stock started the day with a steep 40% drop, but … to close down just 2,5%.
• rebounded
• took a beating
• remained unchanged
2. The shares of FIAT Company… after they reported a 25 percent decline in firstquarter
earnings.
• went through the roof
• sank
• soared
3. ČEZ shares … by 100% after news of the big contract in Russia came out.
• went up slightly
• rocketed
• finished
4. Samsung stock … 15 cents down.
• went up
• finished
• terminated
5. The Asian market was down 300 points, but finished up 40 points last week. What
are some of the reasons for this …?
• roundabout
• turnaround
• turnover
6. Our enteprise owns 10.000 … of their stock.
• papers
• lists
• shares
7. According to professional literature on stock markets a … market refers to a period
of time when many stocks rise in value.
• bell
• bull
• ball
8. When a stock market "… ", it means it recovers after being down.
• relies
• rellies
• rallies
9. Price … are fluctuations in the price of a stock.
• levels
• swings
• switches
10. In Europe, there was record- … trading volume on the London Stock Exchange this
week.
• breaking
• taking
• destroying
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 85 -
7.7 KEY
7.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Complete the sentences and use the vocabulary listed above:
1. In Europe, the stock market has
been … for two days straight lately.
a) fall b) lower c) down 1. c) down
2. Apple’s stocks are … 15% this
month.
a) higher b) up c) high 2. b) up
3. As it has been proved many times
before, trading stock is not an …
science
a) exact b) faultless c) spotless 3 a) exact
4. When a stock market … ( = goes
down considerably), many investors
lose a lot of money.
a) crashes b) smashes c) clashes 4. a) crashes
5. Our corporate … advised us to buy
this company's stock.
a) breaker b) broker c) brokerage 5. b) broker
6. The stock decreased in value
because many investors were selling
it … after the negative financial news
came out yesterday in Italy.
a) on b) out c) off 6. c) off
7. Economic negative news had no …
on the price of the stock..
a) impasse b) impact c) interest 7. b) impact
8. These days many investors are
uneasy … the health of the European
economies.
a) of b) at c) about 8. c) about
9. Online brokers are usually less
expensive than their offline …
a) counterparts b) counterpartners
c) counteracts
9. a) counterparts
10. Our business is hoping for a 15%
… over the next twelve months.
a) increasing b) increase c) increased 10. b) increase
2. Translate the following phrases into English:
1. obchodovat s akciemi trade stocks
2. emise všech druhů akcií the issuance of all kinds of shares (stock)
3. provádět operace to perform operations
4. obchodovatelná komodita tradeable commodity
5. přebytek surplus
3. Match the nouns with appropriate adjectives:
1. IPO c) market 5. trading f) subject
2. foreign e) exchange 6. monetary d) system
3. short-term b) deposits 7. financial h) transactions
4. interbank a) borrowing 8. interest g) rate
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. Borrowers are individuals who need loans and
mortgages.
Vypůjčovatelé jsou jedinci, kteří potřebují půjčky a
hypotéky.
2. Intermediaries are banks that assist in different financial
activities.
Zprostředkovatelé jsou banky, které pomáhají v oblasti
různých finančních aktivit.
3. A lender is a person who puts his money aside for future
use.
Věřitel je osoba, která vyděluje peníze pro budoucí použití.
4. The resources include bank deposits, investments in
shares and bonds.
Zdroje / prostředky zahrnují vklady, investice do akcií a
dluhopisů.
5. Lenders deal with operations with surplus cash in
money markets.
Věřitelé se zabývají operacemi s přebytečnou hotovostí na
peněžních trzích.
7 Stock markets
- 86 -
7.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use future forms in the following situations:
1. Have your read the latest news on the stock market? – Yes, it says that the stock
market is probably going to stay the same this year.
2. What do you competitors intend to do? – They are going to sell all their shares.
3. This report is urgent, it needs sending immediately. – OK, I will do it.
4. This company is getting bigger and bigger. – They are going to open another new
branch in Dubai.
5. According to the latest predictions, the Japanese economy will grow next year.
2. Complete the suitable present and future tenses in the following situations:
1. If you buy some more shares within another two weeks, you will be much better off.
2. It will cost another 10.000 $ if you do not act promptly.
3. This corporation will not offer a bigger discount, if you do not do something in
return.
4. Our manager will sign the agreement if you provide us more freedom in our
decision-making processes.
5. Unless you lower your price by at least 6%, we cannot provide any other
advantages.
3. Translate into Czech the following phrases:
1. As a result of the stronger dollar… následkem silného dolaru
2. Due to terrible economic results, … kvůli špatným hospodářským výsledkům
3. Because of shortages in the supply of gas… vzhledem k nedostatku dodávky plynu
4. Based on the latest news, …na základě posledních zpráv
5. Owing to this fact, …vzhledem k této skutečnosti
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 87 -
7.7.3 TEST
1. HTC stock started the day with a steep 40% drop, but … to close down just 2,5%.
• rebounded
• took a beating
• remained unchanged
2. The shares of FIAT Company… after they reported a 25 percent decline in firstquarter
earnings.
• went through the roof
• sank
• soared
3. ČEZ shares … by 100% after news of the big contract in Russia came out.
• went up slightly
• rocketed
• finished
4. Samsung stock … 15 cents down.
• went up
• finished
• terminated
5. The Asian market was down 300 points, but finished up 40 points last week. What
are some of the reasons for this …?
• roundabout
• turnaround
• turnover
6. Our enteprise owns 10.000 … of their stock.
• papers
• lists
• shares
7. According to professional literature on stock markets a … market refers to a period
of time when many stocks rise in value.
• bell
• bull
• ball
8. When a stock market "… ", it means it recovers after being down.
• relies
• rellies
• rallies
9. Price … are fluctuations in the price of a stock.
• levels
• swings
• switches
10. In Europe, there was record- … trading volume on the London Stock Exchange this
week.
• breaking
• taking
• destroying
8 Trade fair
- 88 -
8 TRADE FAIR
8.1 VOCABULARY
addition přírůstek
annual roční
approximately přibližně
brand značka
brand awareness povědomí o značce
contemporary současný
conveniently výhodně, prakticky
core hlavní
decennium desetiletí
epitome model, představitel
event událost
exhibition výstava
exhibition grounds výstavištní areál
exhibition stand stánek na výstavišti
exhibitor vystavovatel
gross celkový, hrubý
joint-stock company akciový společnost
member člen
net čistý, netto
organizer organizátor
participant účastník
prominent čelní, významný
provider poskytovatel
purpose cíl, záměr
shape tvar, podoba
shareholder akcionář
shares akcie
subsidiary pobočka
successful úspěšný
to abbreviate vytvořit zkratku
to apply for žádat o, podat žádost
to be held konat se
to commemorate oslavit
to establish ustavit, založit
to exhibit vystavovat
to offer nabízet
to operate provozovat
to provide poskytovat
to rank řadit
trade fair veletrh
venue místo
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 89 -
8.2 TEXT
BVV or Trade Fairs Brno
Since 2001 the official name of the company has been Veletrhy Brno, a.s. ( BVV Trade
Fairs Brno, joint-stock company). Derived from its original name the abbreviated form BVV
stands for Brněnské Veletrhy and Výstavy (Brno Trade Fairs and Exhibitions). The
abbreviated form BVV is still in use due to its high level of brand awareness.
With 61 per cent of shares the main shareholder of BVV Trade Fairs Brno is Messe
Düsseldorf, Germany. Thus, BVV is a member of Messe Düsseldorf Group
(http://www.messe-duesseldorf.de), one of the largest trade fairs organizers worldwide.
BVV Trade Fairs Brno is one of the most prominent trade fairs organizers in Central
and Eastern European countries. Its core business activity is organizing of trade fairs and
exhibitions at the Brno exhibition centre and providing exhibition services.
The business of BVV Trade Fairs Brno builds on a tradition established in 1928 by the
Exhibition of Contemporary Culture in then Czechoslovakia. In the 1950’s the first Exhibition
of Czechoslovak Engineering was held in the exhibition grounds and since then the exhibition
activities have continued to grow to the present shape of a Central European Exhibition
Centre. No wonder the City of Brno became the epitome of trade fairs and exhibitions for the
Czechs and their neighbours. In Czech, the word “Brno” is synonymous with “trade fair”.
At the moment, the Brno Exhibition Centre offers more than 130,000 sq m of net
exhibition area thus ranking among the world largest exhibition centres. Brno Exhibition
Centre first opened in 1928 commemorating the first decennium of independent
Czechoslovakia founded in 1918. Brno as a location for the new exhibition centre was chosen
on purpose being conveniently situated between Prague and Bratislava. A number of
exhibition halls on the fairground are referred to as true jewels of functionalist architectural
style. The latest addition to the fairground complex is the P Hall opened in June 2009 offering
over 10,000 sq m of net exhibition area.
Every year approximately 50 trade fairs or other exhibition events are held at the Brno
Exhibition Centre and over 1 million visitors come to see them. Traditionally, the largest and
most important event is the annual MSV International Engineering Fair, one the most
prestigious engineering fairs in Europe. Apart from trade fairs the centre is an excellent venue
for holding congresses, conventions, high-level meetings, gala evenings, concerts or sports
events. In 2007 the centre became the setting for a music performance of one of the world’s
most successful bands, the Rolling Stones.
BVV Trade Fairs Brno also offers complete exhibition services including design and
construction of exhibition stands. Also, BVV Trade Fairs Brno is the Czech agent for trade
fairs organized by Messe Düsseldorf. The company operates two subsidiaries - exhibition
services providers, in Düsseldorf and Moscow.
Zdroj: BVV Veltrhy Brno: BVV Trade Fairs Brno. [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-01-23]. Dostupné
z: http://www.bvv.cz/en/bvv-trade-fairs-brno/company/
8 Trade fair
- 90 -
QUESTIONS
What does the abbreviation BVV stand for?
______________________________________________________________________
How old is the BVV trade fair?
______________________________________________________________________
Which international group is BVV part of?
______________________________________________________________________
How spacious are today’s exhibition grounds of BVV?
______________________________________________________________________
What is the latest addition to BVV?
______________________________________________________________________
What is the most prestigious trade fair at BVV?
______________________________________________________________________
What is the average attendance per year at BVV?
______________________________________________________________________
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 91 -
8.3 LEXIS
1. Put the following trade fair related activities in correct order:
a) Finally, set up the stand for your company. 1.
b) Firstly, decide with your boss on the budget for the
stand.
2.
c) Do not forget to arrange for the logistics of the delivery,
such as stand, publicity, product.
3.
d) Secondly, select the right size and the setting of the
stand, either in this country or abroad.
4.
e) Make sure you consider your different requirements
such colour scheme, graphic panels and audio-visual
equipment.
5.
f) Then, make necessary design arrangements at your
stand.
6.
g) After that, you book stand space for your company with
the exhibition organizers, e.g. at BVV.
7.
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Dovolte, abych vás uvítal na našem stánku.
2. Dovolte, abych vám sdělil několik informaci o naši
firmě.
3. Rád vám také představím naše nejnovější portfolio
výrobků a služeb.
4. Pro zájemce nabízíme možnost si osobně domluvit
schůzku s našimi zástupci firmy.
5. V neposlední řadě vás rádi pohostíme dobrým jídlem a
pitím.
3. Match the words with the correct definitions?
1. exhibition a) an open space on which
a fair takes place
5. fairground e) a show of paintings,
photographs, or other
objects that people can go
to see
2. stand b) a company that is owned
by all the people with
shares in it
6. shares f) a place where an
organized meeting, concert
etc. takes place
3. venue c) one of the equal parts
into which the ownership of
a company is divided
7. organizer g) a type of product made
by a particular company,
that has a particular name
or design
4. brand d) someone who makes the
arrangements for
something that is planned
to happen
8. joint-stock-company h) a table or small structure
used for selling or showing
things
8 Trade fair
- 92 -
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. Our strategic competitive advantages are longstanding
tradition, experience in organizing trade
fairs, strategic geographic location, excellent
infrastructure of the Brno exhibition centre and
appropriate concepts of the trade shows. All these
attributes create perfect conditions for our
international events that serve as a perfect basis
for business." Jiří Kulíš, CEO of BVV Company
.
2. "The partnership of Messe Düsseldorf with
BVV Trade Fairs Brno is an important and
logical step in our international activities in
Central Europe. Our aim is the leadership of
BVV in Central Europe. And together we have
accomplished this goal. Not pointlessly, we call
the Brno fairgrounds the „Central European
Exhibition Centre“. Herbert Vogt, Managment
Board of BVV Company
Zdroj: BVV Veltrhy Brno: Management of the Company:. [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-01-23].
Dostupné z: http://www.bvv.cz/en/bvv-trade-fairs-brno/company/management/
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 93 -
8.4 GRAMMAR AND PHRASES
8.4.1 PRESENTATION SKILLS IN ENGLISH
Během veletrhů či jiných setkání, tedy všude tam, kde je zapotřebí představit ostatním
obchodním partnerům nové produkty či služby lze v angličtině volit z celé řady
jednotlivých sloves, spojení či jiných výrazů pro přesné vyjádření dané skutečnosti:
a) úvod prezentace: Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along
here today…, The purpose of today’s presentation is to discuss how we can…, Now
let me begin by…, secondly…, and finally…, I’d be very happy to invite you to ask
questions at the end of the session…, The subject/topic of my talk is ..., I'm going to
talk about ..., My topic today is…, My talk is concerned with ...
b) členění prezentace: I’m going to divide this talk into four parts., There are a
number of points I'd like to make., Basically/ Briefly, I have three things to say., I'd
like to begin/start by ..., Let's begin/start by ..., First of all, I'll... , … and then I’ll go
on to …,
Then/ Next ..., Finally/ Lastly ...
c) uzavíráme jednotlivé části: That's all I have to say about... , We've looked at... ,
So much for...
d) začínáme novu část: Moving on now to …, Turning to..., Let’s turn now to …,
The next issue/topic/area I’d like to focus on …, I’d like to expand/elaborate on …,
Now we'll move on to... , I'd like now to discuss..., Let's look now at...
e) analyzujeme a doporučujeme: Where does that lead us?, Let's consider this in
more detail... , What does this mean for...? , Translated into real terms... , Why is
this important? , The significance of this is...
f) uvádíme příklady: For example,... , A good example of this is... , As an
illustration,... , To give you an example,... , To illustrate this point...
h) uzavíráme prezentaci: To sum up ... , To summarise... , Right, let's sum up, shall
we? , Let's summarise briefly what we've looked at... , If I can just sum up the main
points... , Finally, let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered... ,To
conclude... , In conclusion ... , In short ... , So, to remind you of what I’ve covered in
this talk, … , Unfortunately, I seem to have run out of time, so I’ll conclude very
briefly by saying that …. , I'd like now to recap...
i) parafrázujeme, vysvětlujeme: Simply put... , In other words....... , So what I’m
saying is.... , To put it more simply.... , To put it another way...
j) vyzýváme k diskusi, zadáváme otázky: I’m happy to answer any queries/
questions, Does anyone have any questions or comments?, Please feel free to ask
questions, If you would like me to elaborate on any point, please ask, Would you like
to ask any questions?, Any questions?
Nyní následují další příklady k výše uvedeným frázím.
8 Trade fair
- 94 PŘÍKLAD
1
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you very much for coming along here today.
PŘÍKLAD 2
I have divided the presentation into 3 parts…, First, second, third, finally…
PŘÍKLAD 3
“If you have a look at this first graph…, if you have any questions, I'd be happy to
answer them now…, that brings me to the end of my presentation…, thank you for
attention… .
8.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Complete the suitable prepositions:
1. Let us have a look … first graph.
2. I would like to start … saying a few words…
3. My talk is concerned … the business progress for 2013
4. Let me move on … my next point.
5. The next issue I am going to focus … is…
6. Finally, let me remind you … of some points we have covered today…
2. Use the suitable expressions in the following presentation situations:
a) As you can see, b) Now let’s look at, c) If you have a look at
1. … this first slide, you can see the graph where our sales topped 40 million the year
before last. Then last year sales dropped to 30 million, with a slight recovery at the end
of the financial year 2012. However, this year sales have continued to drop to an all
time low of 20 million. 2. … our market share 3. …, we have 35% of the market share,
8% down on last year.
3. Translate the tips given by professionals into Czech:
1. Male 1: With a presentation, I think the aims and the structure need to be clear.
2. Male 2: I like to wait until the end of the presentation before people feed back on
what I’ve just said, rather than interruptions throughout the presentation.
3. Male 3: I think of a presentation… If you’re standing up in front of a group of people,
you need to make sure you’re entertaining, make sure you’re engaging, make sure
you’re interesting, make sure you’re relevant, make sure you’re talking to the right
audience.
4. Female: Don’t make it too long, otherwise people fall asleep! Be short, precise and to
the point, definitely.
Zdroj:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/business/talkingbusiness/unit3present
ations/4tips.shtml
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 95 -
8.5 SPEAKING
1. Imagine your company is planning to attend a domestic trade fair and you are going
to give a short presenattion of your company, products and services.
8 Trade fair
- 96 -
8.6 TEST
1. A trade fair is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can …
their latest products, service.
• vitrine and demonstration
• showcase and demonstrate
• cabinet and manifest
2. A trade fair studies activities of … and examines recent market trends and
opportunities.
• competitors
• friends
• comrades
3. Public trade fairs are attended by …
• company representatives
• the public
• legislative bodies
4. Trade Only trade fairs are attended by …
• company representatives
• company lawyers
• corporate attorneys
5. In general, trade fairs involve a considerable marketing … by participating
companies.
• investment
• equipment
• deposit
6. Our top managers will … the coming trade fair in Barcelona.
• participate in
• enter
• introduce
7. Trade fairs, which take place on the internet, are called …
• vital tradeshows
• viral tradeshows
• virtual tradeshows
8. Virtual tradeshows are increasing in popularity due to their relatively … cost and
because there is no need to travel whether you are attending or exhibiting.
• low
• medium
• high
9. The trade fair in Brno is … every year.
• held
• hold
• taken
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 97 -
10. In the whole world trade … usually include space rental, design and construction of
trade show displays, telecommunications and networking, travel, accommodations, and
promotional literature and items to give to attendees.
• costs
• finance
• reimbursement
8 Trade fair
- 98 -
8.7 KEY
8.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Put the following trade fair related activities in correct order:
a). Finally, set up the stand for your company. 1. b)
b) Firstly, decide with your boss on the budget for the
stand.
2. d)
c) Do not forget to arrange for the logistics of the delivery,
such as stand, publicity, product.
3. f)
d) Secondly, select the right size and the setting of the
stand, either in this country or abroad.
4. g)
e) Make sure you consider your different requirements
such colour scheme, graphic panels and audio-visual
equipment.
5. e)
f) Then, make necessary design arrangements at your
stand.
6. c)
g) After that, you book stand space for your company with
the exhibition organizers, e.g. at BVV.
7. a)
2. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Dovolte, abych vás uvítal na našem stánku… First, let me welcome you to our stand…
2. Dovolte, abych vám sdělil několik informaci o naši
firmě.
Second, let me tell you some information about our
company.
3. Rád vám také představím naše nejnovější portfolio
výrobků a služeb.
I would be happy to / glad to introduce you to our latest
portfolio of products and services.
4. Pro zájemce nabízíme možnost si osobně domluvit
schůzku s našimi zástupci firmy.
For those interested, we offer the opportunity to personally
make an appointment with our company representatives.
5. V neposlední řadě vás rádi pohostíme dobrým jídlem a
pitím.
Finally we will treat you with good food and drink.
3. Match the words with the correct definitions?
1. exhibition e) 5. fairground a)
2. stand h) 6. shares c)
3. venue f) 7. organizer d)
4. brand g) 8. joint-stock-company b)
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. "Our strategic competitive advantages are
long-standing tradition, experience in organizing
trade fairs, strategic geographic location,
excellent infrastructure of the Brno exhibition
centre and appropriate concepts of the trade
shows. All these attributes create perfect
conditions for our international events that serve
as a perfect basis for business." Jiří Kulíš, CEO
of BVV Company
„Našimi strategickými konkurenčními výhodami
je dlouhá tradice, zkušenosti s pořádáním
veletrhů, strategické geografická poloha,
vynikající infrastruktura na brněnském výstavišti
a vhodné koncepty veletrhů. Všechny tyto
atributy vytvářejí dokonalé podmínky pro naše
mezinárodní události, které slouží jako dokonalý
základ pro podnikáníů“ říká Jiří Kulíš, výkonný
předseda společnosti BVV
2. "The partnership of Messe Düsseldorf with BVV
Trade Fairs Brno is an important and logical step in
our international activities in Central Europe. Our
aim is the leadership of BVV in Central Europe.
And together we have accomplished this goal. Not
pointlessly, we call the Brno fairgrounds the
„Central European Exhibition Centre“. Herbert
Vogt, Managment Board of BVV Company
"Partnerství Messe Düsseldorf s Veletrhy Brno je
významným a logickým krokem v našich
mezinárodních aktivitách ve střední Evropě.
Naším cílem je vedení BVV ve střední Evropě. A
společně jsme dosáhli tohoto cíle. Ne zbytečně,
říkáme Brnu výstavišti "Centrální evropské
výstavní centrum" říká Herbert Vogt, člen
představenstva společnosti BVV
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 99 Zdroj:
BVV Veltrhy Brno: Management of the Company:. [online]. 2011 [cit. 2013-01-23].
Dostupné z: http://www.bvv.cz/en/bvv-trade-fairs-brno/company/management/
8.7.2 GRAMMAR – CVIČENÍ
1. Complete the suitable prepositions:
1. Let us have a look at first graph.
2. I would like to start by saying a few words…
3. My talk is concerned with the business progress for 2013
4. Let me move on to my next point.
5. The next issue I am going to focus on is…
6. Finally, let me remind you of some points we have covered today…
2. Use the suitable expressions in the following presentation situations:
a) as you can see, b) now let’s look at, c) if you have a look at
1. C this first slide, you can see the graph where our sales topped 40 million the year
before last. Then last year sales dropped to 30 million, with a slight recovery at the end
of the financial year 2012. However, this year sales have continued to drop to an all
time low of 20 million. 2. B our market share 3. A, we have 35% of the market share,
8% down on last year.
3. Translate the tips given by professionals into Czech:
1. Muž 1: U prezentace se domnívám, že cíle a struktura by měly být srozumitelné.
2. Muž 2: Rád počkám na konec prezentace, než získám zpětnou vazbu od lidí ohledně
toho, co jsem právě řekl, než být přerušován během celé prezentace.
3. Muž 3: Když pomyslím na prezentaci … pokud stojíte před skupinou lidí, je nutné,
abyste ostatní bavil, zapojil je, vzbudil jejich zájem, abyste jste příslušně působil a abyste
komunikoval se správnýma lidmi.
4. Žena: Nenatahujte ji, jinak vám publikum usne! Buďte stručná a držte se určitě bodů.
Zdroj:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/business/talkingbusiness/unit3present
ations/4tips.shtml
8.7.3 TEST
1. A trade fair is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can …
their latest products, service.
• vitrine and demonstration
• showcase and demonstrate
• cabinet and manifest
2. A trade fair studies activities of … and examines recent market trends and
opportunities.
• competitors
• friends
• comrades
8 Trade fair
- 100 -
3. Public trade fairs are attended by …
• company representatives
• the public
• legislative bodies
4. Trade Only trade fairs are attended by …
• company representatives
• company lawyers
• corporate attorneys
5. In general, trade fairs involve a considerable marketing … by participating
companies.
• investment
• equipment
• deposit
6. Our top managers will … the coming trade fair in Barcelona.
• participate in
• enter
• introduce
7. Trade fairs, which take place on the internet, are called …
• vital tradeshows
• viral tradeshows
• virtual tradeshows
8. Virtual tradeshows are increasing in popularity due to their relatively … cost and
because there is no need to travel whether you are attending or exhibiting.
• low
• medium
• high
9. The trade fair in Brno is … every year.
• held
• hold
• taken
10. In the whole world trade … usually include space rental, design and construction of
trade show displays, telecommunications and networking, travel, accommodations,
and promotional literature and items to give to attendees.
• costs
• finance
• reimbursement
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 101 -
9 FRANCHISES
9.1 VOCABULARY
accounts receivable účty pohledávek
advertising reklama
agreement dohoda
annual roční
available dostupný, k dispozici
benefits výhody
branch pobočka
brand značka
business format struktura, formát obchodu
chain řetězec
contract smlouva
costs náklady
direct costs prime náklady
equipment vybavení
evaluation hodnocení
fee honorář, odměna
franchise licence, fanšíza
franchisee uživatel licence
franchisor poskytovatel licenze, franšízy
indirect costs nepřímé náklady
inventory zásoba (zboží na skladě)
logo logo
mid-price střední cena
obligations závazky
owner vlastník
payroll mzdy a platy
ranking hodnocení
renewable obnovitelný
royalty licenční poplatek
startup costs počáteční náklady
term lhůta, termín
to acquire získat, nabýt
to ensure zajistit
to establish založit, zavést
to evaluate hodnotit
to offer nabízet
to purchase koupit
to run řídit, vést
to set up založit
to sign podespat
to support podporovat
to terminate ukončit
trademark ochranná známka
training školení
9 Franchises
- 102 -
9.2 TEXT
Hampton Hotels
In the US, there is an annual ranking of America’s top franchise companies. Here is a
short list of the top three franchises in the USA for the coming year 2013. The first three
franchises are Hampton Hotels, Subway and Jiffy Lube Int’l. Inc.
The first Hampton Inn opened in Memphis, Tennessee in 1984. Hampton Inn was the
first mid-price national hotel chain to begin offering a free continental breakfast and free local
phone calls. In 1995, the Hampton brand introduced Hampton Inn & Suites, which consisted
of two-room suite hotel rooms with living rooms and kitchen areas.
In 1999, Hampton Inn was acquired by Hilton Worldwide, which currently has hotels in
84 countries. Other Hilton Worldwide brands include Waldorf Astoria Hotels & Resorts,
Conrad Hotels & Resorts, Hilton Hotels & Resorts, DoubleTree by Hilton, Embassy Suites
Hotels, Hilton Garden Inn, Homewood Suites by Hilton, Home2 Suites by Hilton and Hilton
Grand Vacations.
In the subsequent part we can find some more detailed information on the franchise
number in the USA, Hampton Hotels.
Franchise Units
Year U.S. Canadian International Co.owned
2012 1,803 35 34 35
2011 1,775 34 24 35
2010 1,705 30 18 39
2009 1,595 28 13 31
Startup Costs, Ongoing Fees and Financing
Total Investment: $3,695,500-$13,524,000
Franchise Fee: $65,000
Ongoing Royalty Fee: 6%
Term of Franchise Agreement: 22 years, renewable
In-House
Financing Type no
Third Party
yes
Franchise Fee no yes
Startup Costs no yes
Equipment no yes
Inventory no yes
Accounts Receivable no yes
Payroll no yes
How This Franchise Supports Franchisees
Training: Available at headquarters: 2 weeks. General manager training : 5 days.
Ongoing Support: Newsletter, Meetings, Toll-free phone line, Grand opening, Internet,
Security/safety procedures, Field operations/evaluations, Purchasing cooperatives,
Marketing Support: Co-op advertising, Ad slicks, National media, Regional
advertising,
Other marketing support: PR, online tools
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 103 Zdroj:
Entrepreneur: Hampton Hotels. [online]. 2013 [cit. 2013-01-21]. Dostupné z:
http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/hamptonhotels/284276-0.html
QUESTIONS
How many franchise units does the company have now and how was it five years ago?
______________________________________________________________________
How much is the franchise fee?
______________________________________________________________________
How does this franchise support franchisees?
______________________________________________________________________
How long is the franchise agreement valid?
______________________________________________________________________
What are the other top franchises in the USA?
______________________________________________________________________
9 Franchises
- 104 -
9.3 LEXIS
1. Match the words with the suitable definitions:
1. A … is simply an agreement
between two parties that lays out the
obligations and benefits of
selling/marketing a good or service,
sometimes under an established
method.
a) Franchisee
2. … is the company or individual
who allows other companies or
individuals to do business using its
trademarks, logos, and/or business
systems.
b) Franchisor
3. … is the person who gets the right
to use the franchisor’s trademarks,
logos, and/or business systems and
earn money with the business
generated.
c) Franchise
2. Translate the following phrases into English:
1. podepsat a prodloužit smlouvu na 20 let
2. založit novou pobočku
3. vytvořit nova pracovní místa
4. používat jednotnou značku
5. platit mateřské firmě honorář
3. Which word is different?
1. sign ratify acetify write
2. earn make generate do
3. allow let disallow permit
4. support counteract assist uphold
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 105 -
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. A franchise is simply an agreement between two parties
that lays out the obligations and benefits of
selling/marketing a good or service, sometimes under an
established method.
2. Franchisor is the company or individual who allows
other companies or individuals to do business using its
trademarks, logos, and/or business systems
3. Franchisee is the person who gets the right to use the
franchisor’s trademarks, logos, and/or business systems
and earn money with the business generated
4. Product Distribution Franchise is of the two types of
franchises, product distribution franchises represent the
most percentages of retail sales. In this type of franchise,
the franchisee (the person who bought his or her own
branch of the franchisor’s business) has access to the
franchisor’s supplies, logos, and trademarks, but is not
obligated to run the business under a specific system.
Examples of the product distribution franchise include
Pepsi, Ford Motor Company, and Exxon.
5. Business Format Franchise along with the franchisor’s
product/service and trademarks, the business format
franchise supplies the business model, marketing support,
and more. For example, McDonald’s sells franchises with
the same business format which ensures your experience
under the Golden Arches is the same whether you’re in
Miami or Seattle.
9 Franchises
- 106 -
9.4 GRAMMAR
9.4.1 PRESENT PERFECT
Předpřítomný čas označuje události, které se udály časově „před teď/nyní“, nevyjadřuje,
kdy se událost stala; při použití přesného času je nutné použít minulý čas prostý.
Nejčastěji se pojí s časovými spojkami, jako jsou: for, since, ever, never, just, yet,
recently, lately, already apod.
Tvoření:
Kladná věta: Podmět + have (3. os. j. č. has) + příčestí minulé + zbytek věty (I have
been to many countries on business).
Zápor: Podmět + haven't (3. os. j. č. hasn't) + příčestí minulé + zbytek věty (She has not
visited our company).
Otázka: Have (has) + podmět + příčestí minulé + zbytek věty? (Have they ever gone to
the subsidiaries in Austria?
Použití:
a) vyjadřuje děj, který začal v minulosti a stále pokračuje,
b) vyjadřuje děj, který se stal někdy v našem životě, událost se stala v minulosti a je
ukončena, ale účinek je stále „cítit“; není důležité, kdy se děj odehrál,
c) vyjadřuje minulou událost, která má přítomný následek, děj je obvykle v nedávné
minulosti.
Nyní následují další příklady k výše uvedeným pravidlům.
PŘÍKLAD 1
He has lived in London.
PŘÍKLAD 2
The payment has not arrived yet.
PŘÍKLAD 3
Have you ever been to France?
9.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use the correct forms of past tenses or present perfect tenses in each situation:
1. Peter ……. (become) a manager of the franchise when he ……… (be) 31.
2. How long …… (your sales manager, work) in the multinational franchise?
3. I …… (receive) your sales proposal, I am quite impressed.
4. We …… (agree) on Monday to resume contract talks.
5. Our team ……. (implement) necessities in our French branch last week.
6. Over the past three months Paula …… (be involved) in many interesting projects.
2. Complete the suitable past participle verb forms with the following irregular verbs:
1. be…, leave…, have…, fly…, speak…, learn…, have to…, take…
3. Make questions and use how + long + the present perfect:
1. She has been the Austrian franchisor for five years…
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 107 -
2. We have had twenty outlets in Europe for over 10 years…
3. Our company has had the agreement with KFC for over 20 years…
9 Franchises
- 108 -
9.5 SPEAKING
1. Go online and find some current news on the franchise companies, e.g. http://
http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchise500/index.html
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 109 -
9.6 TEST
1. Business Format Franchise is a type of franchise that includes not only a …, but also
the complete method to conduct the business itself, such as the marketing plan and
operations manuals.
• product, service and trademark
• product, production and producer
• product, assembly and distributor
2. Franchise is a … that describes the relationship between the Franchisor and
Franchisee, including use of trademarks, fees, support and control.
• license
• tool
• equipment
3. Franchise Agreement is the legal … contract between the Franchisor and Franchisee
which tells each party what is required of them.
• written
• described
• inscribed
4. The Franchisor is the person or company that grants the Franchisee the right to …
under their trademark or trade name.
• create business
• make business
• do business
5. Multi-Unit-Franchise is an agreement where the Franchisor grants a Franchisee the
rights to open and operate …
• dozens of units
• more than one unit
• less than one unit
6. Product Distribution Franchise is a franchise where the Franchisee simply … the
Franchisor’s products without using the Franchisor’s method of conducting business.
• sells
• purchases
• buys
7. Royalty is the … payment made by the Franchisee to the Franchisor, usually based on
a percentage of the Franchisee’s gross sales.
• regular
• random
• irregular
8. … is the Franchisor’s identifying marks, brand name and logo that are licensed to the
Franchisee.
• Stylemark
• Hallmark
• Trademark
9 Franchises
- 110 -
9.A single-unit (direct-unit) franchise is an agreement where the Franchisor grants a
Franchisee the rights to open and operate … franchise unit.
• one
• two
• more than three
10. … costs are costs associated with setting up a business, such as accountant's fees,
legal fees, registration charges, as well as advertising, promotional activities, and
employee training.
• Start-up
• Start-off
• Start-down
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 111 -
9.7 KEY
9.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Match the words with the suitable definitions:
1. C a) franchisee
2. B b) Franchisor
3. A c) Franchise
2. Translate the following phrases into English:
1. podepsat a prodloužit smlouvu na 20 let to sign and prolong the contract for 20 years
2. založit novou pobočku to set up / found / establish a new branch
3. vytvořit nova pracovní místa to create new jobs
4. používat jednotnou značku to use uniform brand
5. platit mateřské firmě honorář to pay royalty to the parent company
3. Which word is different?
1. sign ratify acetify write
2. earn make generate do
3. allow let disallow permit
4. support counteract assist uphold
4. Translate the following statements into Czech:
1. A franchise is simply an agreement between two parties
that lays out the obligations and benefits of
selling/marketing a good or service, sometimes under an
established method.
1. Franšíza je jednoduše dohoda mezi dvěma stranami,
která ukládá povinnosti a výhody prodeje/marketingu
zboží nebo služby stanoveným způsobem.
2. Franchisor is the company or individual who allows
other companies or individuals to do business using its
trademarks, logos, and/or business systems.
2. Frančízor je společnost nebo jednotlivec, která/ý
umožnuje jiným společnostem nebo fyzickým osobám
podnikat a požívat ochrannou známku, loga nebo
obchodní systémy.
3. Franchisee is the person who gets the right to use the
franchisor’s trademarks, logos, and/or business systems
and earn money with the business generated.
3. Provozovatel / uživatel licence je osobou, která získává
práva k používání ochranné známky franšízy, loga,
obchodních systémů a vydělávat peníze na základě
vytvořeného obchodu.
4. Product Distribution Franchise is of the two types of
franchises, product distribution franchises represent the
most percentages of retail sales. In this type of franchise,
the franchisee (the person who bought his or her own
branch of the franchisor’s business) has access to the
franchisor’s supplies, logos, and trademarks, but is not
obligated to run the business under a specific system.
Examples of the product distribution franchise include
Pepsi, Ford Motor Company, and Exxon.
4. Produktová distribuční franšíza je jednou ze dvou typů
franšíz a nejvíce je zastoupena maloobchodními prodeji. U
tohoto typu franšízy provozovatel / uživatel licence (osoba,
která koupila svou vlastní pobočku franšízy) má přístup
k dodávkám, logům a ochranným známkám frančízora, ale
není povinna provozovat svou firmu podle nějakého
konkrétního systému. Příkladem tohoto typu franšízy jsou
formy jako Pepsi, Ford Motor a Exxon.
5. Business Format Franchise along with the franchisor’s
product/service and trademarks, the business format
franchise supplies the business model, marketing support,
and more. For example, McDonald’s sells franchises with
the same business format which ensures your experience
under the Golden Arches is the same whether you’re in
Miami or Seattle.
5. Franšíza se stejným obchodním formátem spolu
s výrobkem/službou, ochrannou známkou frančízora je
podporována obchodním modelem, marketingově apod.
Na příklad McDonald’s prodává franšízy se stejným
obchodním formátem a zajišťuje tak stejný zážitek
restaurace „pod zlatými oblouky“, ať jste v Miami nebo
Seattlu.
9 Franchises
- 112 -
9.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use the correct forms of past tenses or present perfect tenses in each situation:
1. Peter became a manager of the franchise when he was 31.
2. How long has your manager worked in the multinational franchise?
3. I have received your sales proposal, I am quite impressed.
4. We agreed on Monday to resume contract talks.
5. Our team implemented necessities in our French branch last week.
6. Over the past three months Paula has been involved in many interesting projects.
2. Complete the suitable past participle verb forms with the following irregular verbs:
1. been, left, had, flown, spoken, learnt, had to, taken.
3. Make questions and use how + long + the present perfect:
1. How long has she been…?
2. How long have you had…?
3. How long has your company had…?
9.7.3 TEST
1. Business Format Franchise is a type of franchise that includes not only a …, but also
the complete method to conduct the business itself, such as the marketing plan and
operations manuals.
• product, service and trademark
• product, production and producer
• product, assembly and distributor
2. Franchise is a … that describes the relationship between the Franchisor and
Franchisee, including use of trademarks, fees, support and control.
• license
• tool
• equipment
3. Franchise Agreement is the legal … contract between the Franchisor and Franchisee
which tells each party what is required of them.
• written
• described
• inscribed
4. The Franchisor is the person or company that grants the Franchisee the right to …
under their trademark or trade name..
• create business
• make business
• do business
5. Multi-Unit-Franchise is an agreement where the Franchisor grants a Franchisee the
rights to open and operate … .
• dozens of units
• more than one unit
• less than one unit
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 113 -
6. Product Distribution Franchise is a franchise where the Franchisee simply … the
Franchisor’s products without using the Franchisor’s method of conducting
business.
• sells
• purchases
• buys
7. Royalty is the … payment made by the Franchisee to the Franchisor, usually based
on a percentage of the Franchisee’s gross sales.
• regular
• random
• irregular
8. … is the Franchisor’s identifying marks, brand name and logo that are licensed to
the Franchisee.
• Stylemark
• Hallmark
• Trademark
9. A single-unit (direct-unit) franchise is an agreement where the Franchisor grants a
Franchisee the rights to open and operate … franchise unit.
• one
• two
• more than three
10. … costs are costs associated with setting up a business, such as accountant's fees,
legal fees, registration charges, as well as advertising, promotional activities, and
employee training.
• Start-up
• Start-off
• Start-down
10 Dealing with customers
- 114 -
10 DEALING WITH CUSTOMERS
10.1 VOCABULARY
acceptable přijatelný
competitor konkurent
complaint reklamace
defensive obranný
delight radost, potěšení
dissatisfied nespokojený
goal cíl
chain of command organizační schéma
challenge otázka, problém
issue věc, záležitost
loyalty loajalita
on behalf of jménem
owner majitel
personally osobně
promoter podporovatel
regardless of bez ohledu na
satisfaction spokojenost
sincerely upřímně
solution řešení
suggestion návrh
to alleviate zmírnit, ulehčit, zmenšit
to apologize omluvit se
to argue hádat se, přít se
to attack utočit
to blame dávat vinu
to bother obtěžovat
to complain reklamovat
to contact kontaktovat
to deal with zabývat se něčím
to delay oddálit, protahovat
to earn získat
to emphasize zdůraznit
to encourage podporovat
to handle řešit
to jump to conclusions dělat unáhlené závěry
to reject zamítnout
to satisfy uspokojit
to sense vycítit, uvědomit si
to solve řešit
to suggest navrhovat
unacceptable nepřijatelný
upset rozrušený, znepokojený
wrong chybný, špatný
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 115 -
10.2 TEXT
SIX STEPS TO DEALING WITH CUSTOMERS’ COMPLAINTS BY BEN RIDLER
At some point, everyone in business has to deal with an upset customer. The challenge
is to handle the situation in a way that leaves the customer thinking you operate a great
company. If you’re lucky, you can even encourage him or her to serve as a passionate
advocate for your brand.
When it comes down to it, many customers don't even bother to complain. They simply
leave and buy from your competitors. Research suggests that up to 80 percent of customers
who leave were, in fact, "satisfied" with the original company. Obviously, customer
satisfaction is not enough. Businesses nowadays need to positively delight customers if they
want to earn their loyalty.
It may seem counter-intuitive, but a business owner’s ability to effectively deal with
customer complaints provides a great opportunity to turn dissatisfied customers into active
promoters of the business. Here are some customer-oriented tips I’ve learned while working
in the business coaching business:
1. Listen carefully to what the customer has to say, and let them finish. Don't get
defensive. The customer is not attacking you personally; he or she has a problem and is
upset. Repeat back what you are hearing to show that you have listened.
2. Ask questions in a caring and concerned manner.
The more information you can get from the customer, the better you will understand his
or her perspective. I’ve learned it’s easier to ask questions than to jump to conclusions.
3. Put yourself in their shoes.
As a business owner, your goal is to solve the problem, not argue. The customer needs
to feel like you’re on his or her side and that you empathize with the situation.
4. Apologize without blaming.
When a customer senses that you are sincerely sorry, it usually diffuses the situation.
Don't blame another person or department. Just say, "I'm sorry about that.”
5. Ask the customer, "What would be an acceptable solution to you?"
Whether or not the customer knows what a good solution would be, I’ve found it’s best
to propose one or more solutions to alleviate his or her pain. Become a partner with the
customer in solving the problem.
6. Solve the problem, or find someone who can solve it— quickly!
Research indicates that customers prefer the person they are speaking with to instantly
solve their problem. When complaints are moved up the chain of command, they
become more expensive to handle and only add to the customer's frustration.
There is no getting around customer complaints, regardless of your industry. However,
by employing these steps and taking the time to review the issue with the customer, you can
turn challenges into something constructive.
10 Dealing with customers
- 116 Zdroj:
Eonetwork: Six Steps to Dealing with Customer Complaints. [online]. 2013 [cit.
2013-01-
21].Dostupnéz: http://www.eonetwork.org/knowledgebase/specialfeatures/Pages/SixSte
pstoDealingwithCustomerComplaints.aspx
QUESTIONS
What does Ben Ridler suggest first when it comes to a complaint with a customer?
______________________________________________________________________
What is the step number two in handling the problem with a customer?
______________________________________________________________________
What is empathy necessary for in handling complaints?
______________________________________________________________________
What attitude should your business show when handling a problem with a customer?
______________________________________________________________________
According to Ben Ridler, how helpful is moving the problem up the chain of command?
______________________________________________________________________
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 117 -
10.3 LEXIS
1. Which of the phrases are used for accepting (A), delaying (D) and rejecting
(R) a complaint?
1. Well, I’m afraid there is nothing we can do about it
actually.
2. I’m afraid we can’t help you at the moment. Could you
leave your contact phone number and address? We will
contact you soon.
3. Well, I’m afraid there isn’t much we can do about it.
4. We will exchange your product immediately.
5. I suggest you leave it with us and we’ll see what can be
done.
6. Oh, I’m sorry about that.
7. I suggest you leave it with us and we’ll see what we can
do.
8. I’m so sorry, I didn’t realize.
9. I’m afraid the manager/boss isn’t in at the moment.
Could you call later?
10. I wish it never happened.
2. Translate the following sentences into Czech:
1. I’m afraid I have to make a serious complaint.
2. Excuse me, there appears to be something wrong…
3. I wonder if you could help me…
4. I’m sorry to have to say this, but…
5. OK, I will look into the problem.
3. Which word is different?
1. complain protest object glorify
2. solve blame handle sort out
3. reject accept refuse deny
4. acceptable inappropriate false wrong
4. Form different connotations:
verb noun
1. to solve …
2. … acceptance
3. to blame
4. … objection
5. to refuse ….
6. … apology
7. to satisfy …
10 Dealing with customers
- 118 -
10.4 GRAMMAR
10.4.1 COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
1. Počitatelná podstatná jména (countable nouns) jsou ta, od kterých lze vytvořit
množné číslo, a u kterých můžeme určit počet jednotlivých kusů. U podstatných jmen
počitatelných v jednotném čísle nelze použít ve významu 'nějaký' slovo SOME ani
ANY, ale v množném čísle ano, pak ve významu „nějaký“. Množství pak vyjadřujeme
pomocí MANY ve významu mnoho (many businesses apod.). Otázku na množství
tvoříme pomocí HOW MANY ve významu kolik (How many companies?).
V kladné větě ve významu mnoho se používá jak pro poč., tak i nepoč.podst.jména
a lot of (There are a lot o new companies being established right now in Taiwan.)
2. Jako nepočitatelná (uncountable nouns) označujeme ta podstatná jména, která
spočítat nelze, nelze u nich určit počet kusů. Mezi nepočitatelná obvykle patří podstatná
jména abstraktní (love, hate) či látková (sníh, voda, vzduch), nebo další (information,
news, baggage, luggage, money apod.). Nepočitatelná podstatná jména se pojí s SOME
a ANY a zastupují tak člen (some water, some air, some information). Otázku na
množství tvoříme pomocí HOW MUCH (How much time have you got?). Samostatné
MUCH se objevuje nejčastěji v záporu (We do not have much money left.)
Nyní následují další příklady k uvedeným pravidlům.
PŘÍKLAD 1
He has many business partners in London. Tom has some branches in Italy. There
are not any new business opportunities in Hungary. We do many jobs on our own.
PŘÍKLAD 2
We have some money in the office. There is a lot of information in the document.
PŘÍKLAD 3
How much time have you got today?
10.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Select the correct words:
many, much, a lot of, some, any
1. The company is expanding quickly. How … new offices are they planning to open?
2. Last year our company spent … money on solving complaints.
3. Our Complaint Department handles … complaints monthly.
4. We did not expect so … complaints before Christmas.
5. Is there … money left in the cash desk?
2. Which of the words are countable and which ones are not, mark them C or UC:
1. progress…, 2. research…, 3. satisfaction…, 4. news…, 5. company…, 6. CEO… .
3. Make questions and use how + much or many:
1. Our profit is 2.5 000 000 USD this year. -
2. Our Customer Satisfaction Department has handled more than 1.000 small
complaints over the past two years. -
3. They owe us some money. -
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 119 -
10.5 SPEAKING
1. Enact a short dialogue in pairs, in which you will deal with some complaints in shops,
e.g. you have bought a mobile or any other product and it is not working properly etc.
10 Dealing with customers
- 120 -
10.6 TEST
1. Research indicates that customers … the person they are speaking with to instantly
solve their problem.
• prefer
• deny
• deter
2. When a customer … that you are sincerely sorry, it usually diffuses the situation.
• objects
• senses
• rejects
3. When the complaints are moved … the chain of command, they become more
expensive to handle.
• up
• down
• below
4. There is no getting around customer complaints, regardless … your industry.
• about
• off
• of
5. …carefully to what the customer has to say, and let them finish…
• Follow
• Listen
• Do
6. A business owner’s ability to effectively deal with customer complaints provides a
great opportunity to turn … customers into active promoters of the business.
• satisfied
• dissatisfied
• content
7. As a business owner, your … is to solve the problem, not argue.
• loss
• defeat
• goal
8. As a professional, when it comes to handling a complaint, do not …
• come at conclusions
• come with conclusions
• jump to conclusions
9. In any business it’s best to propose one or more solutions to … his or her pain.
• animate
• alleviate
• aviate
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 121 -
10. Businesses nowadays need to positively … customers if they want to earn their
loyalty.
• distress
• delight
• disgust
10 Dealing with customers
- 122 -
10.7 KEY
10.7.1 LEXIS – EXERCISES
1. Which of the phrases are used for accepting (A), delaying (D) and rejecting
(R) a complaint?
1. Well, I’m afraid there is nothing we can do about it
actually.
R
2. I’m afraid we can’t help you at the moment. Could you
leave your contact phone number and address? We will
contact you soon.
D
3. Well, I’m afraid there isn’t much we can do about it. R
4. We will exchange your product immediately. A
5. I suggest you leave it with us and we’ll see what can be
done.
D
6. Oh, I’m sorry about that. A
7. I suggest you leave it with us and we’ll see what we can
do.
D
8. I’m so sorry, I didn’t realize. A
9. I’m afraid the manager/boss isn’t in at the moment.
Could you call later?
D
10. I wish it never happened. A
2. Translate the following sentences into Czech:
1. I’m afraid I have to make a serious complaint. Obavám se, ale musím vznést reklamaci.
2. Excuse me, there appears to be something wrong… Promiňte, zdá se, že je něco v nepořádku.
3. I wonder if you could help me….. Zajímalo by mne, zdali byste mne mohl pomoci.
4. I’m sorry to have to say this, but…. Je mi líto, ale musím říct, ...
5. OK, I will look into the problem. V pořádku, prozkoumám ten problém.
3. Which word is different?
1. complain protest object glorify
2. solve blame handle sort out
3. reject accept refuse deny
4. acceptable inappropriate false wrong
4. Form different connotations:
verb noun
1. to solve solution
2. to accept acceptance
3. to blame blame
4. to object objection
5. to refuse refusal
6. to apologise apology
7. to satisfy satisfaction
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 123 -
10.7.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Select the correct words:
many, much, a lot of, some, any
1. The company is expanding quickly. How many new offices are they planning to
open?
2. Last year our company spent a lot of money on solving complaints.
3. Our Complaint Department handles many complaints monthly.
4. We did not expect so many complaints before Christmas.
5. Is there any money left in the cash desk?
2. Which of the words are countable and which ones are not, mark them C or UC:
1. progress UC, 2. research UC, 3. satisfaction UC, 4. news UC, 5. company C, 6. CEO
C.
3. Make questions and use how + much or many:
1. Our profit is 2.5 000 000 USD this year. – How much is your profit?
2. Our Customer Satisfaction Department has handled more than 1.000 small
complaints over the past two years. – How many complaints has your Customer
Satisfaction Department handled?
3. They owe us some money. – How much money do they owe us?
10.7.3 TEST
1. Research indicates that customers … the person they are speaking with to instantly
solve their problem.
• prefer
• deny
• deter
2. When a customer … that you are sincerely sorry, it usually diffuses the situation.
• objects
• senses
• rejects
3. When the complaints are moved … the chain of command, they become more
expensive to handle.
• up
• down
• below
4. There is no getting around customer complaints, regardless … your industry.
• about
• off
• of
5. … carefully to what the customer has to say, and let them finish..
• Follow
• Listen
• Do
10 Dealing with customers
- 124 -
6. A business owner’s ability to effectively deal with customer complaints provides a
great opportunity to turn … customers into active promoters of the business.
• satisfied
• dissatisfied
• content
7. As a business owner, your … is to solve the problem, not argue.
• loss
• defeat
• goal
8. As a professional, when it comes to handling a complaint, do not …
• come at conclusions
• come with conclusions
• jump to conclusions
9. In any business it’s best to propose one or more solutions to … his or her pain.
• animate
• alleviate
• aviate
10. Businesses nowadays need to positively … customers if they want to earn their
loyalty.
• distress
• delight
• disgust
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 125 -
11 READING BUSINESS NEWS IN ENGLISH
11.1 VOCABULARY
announce ohlásit
bailout finanční pomoc
best performing prosperující
bond obligace, dluhopis
boost oživit
bubble bublina
bulletproof neprůstřelný
cap omezit, přiškrtit
cargo náklad
clad oděný
climb stoupat
concerns obavy
council rada
crash zhroutit se, krach
debt dluh
debt-fueled dluhem poháněný
due dlužný, splatný
earnings příjem, výdělek
expand zvětšit se, rozšířit se
fixed-income fund fond investující do státních dluhopisů
freelance writer spisovatel na volné noze
gain získat
government vláda
increase nárůst
linger přetrvávat, pokračovat
mortgage hypotéka
notice všimnout si
occupancy obsazenost
own vlastnit
pay off splatit
rack up sth. dosáhnout něčeho, zaznamenat něco
real estate nemovitost, realita
recovery oživení, zotavení
residential rent nájemné za bydlení
run provozovat
scantily spoře
sheikdom šejchát
ship out odeslat, zaslat
shrink zmenšit se
slot skulina v rozvrhu
stable stabilní
stack štos
struggle snažit se, usilovat
take hold zmocnit se, ovládnout situaci
transshipment překládka
unrest nepokoje
11 Reading business news in english
- 126 -
11.2 TEXT
IN DUBAI, SERVICES AND EXPORTS DRIVE A NEW BOOM
By Dana El Baltaji, Bloomberg Businessweek
Rewa Zeinati, a freelance writer in Dubai, has noticed more business cards with photos
of scantily clad women offering massages piling up on her car windscreen lately. “Sometimes
I’m away for 30 minutes and come back to find a stack of them,” says Zeinati. “I’ve definitely
seen an increase this year.”
With Dubai’s economy posting its fastest growth since 2007, residents also say it’s
harder to find taxis, book restaurants, and get places in private schools for their children.
Residential rents climbed about 17 percent last year, while the volume of non-oil trade hit
record highs. “Hotel occupancy is up quite significantly and the airport is crazy,” says Abdul
Kadir Hussain, chief executive at Mashreq Capital (DIFC), which runs the region’s bestperforming
fixed-income funds. “If you go to Jebel Ali Free Zone, rents are up and it’s fully
occupied. That part of the model is working very well.” The free zone is one of the world’s
largest transshipment points for containerized cargo.
The drivers of Dubai’s new growth are services, legal and otherwise, and exports such
as electronics, which are shipped out of the free zone. This stress on services and exports
suggests any new Dubai boom won’t be a repeat of the debt-fueled real estate bubble that
crashed when the global crisis hit in 2008.
In the first half of 2012, construction shrank 2.5 percent from a year earlier while
earnings from hotels and restaurants grew 16 percent. The economy expanded 4.3 percent in
2012, according to preliminary estimates. Dubai’s stock index gained 12 percent in the past
month, four times the advance of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. Shares of Emaar
Properties, which owns Dubai Mall, the world’s largest, jumped 18 percent. The prices of
bonds issued by Emirates airline and the Jebel Ali Free Zone are doing better than ever.
Concerns linger that the economy could overheat again. The Dubai government
announced plans in November to build a shopping center even bigger than Dubai Mall. Such
mega-projects led the emirate to rack up about $113 billion of debt before the crash. Abu
Dhabi, the richest of the seven sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates, had to engineer a $20
billion bailout of Dubai in 2009. Dubai still has about $40 billion of debt due by the end of
next year, according to Bank of America Merrill Lynch.
The UAE’s central bank, based in Abu Dhabi, has capped mortgage lending at 70
percent of a property’s value for Emiratis and 50 percent for foreigners, with even lower
lending caps for second mortgages. “Abu Dhabi doesn’t want to bail out Dubai again,” says
Emad Mostaque, a strategist with Noah Capital Markets in London. UAE authorities are
trying to “keep their economy as stable and bulletproof as possible when they see instability
all around them.”
The wave of uprisings in Arab countries has hurt some of the region’s economies.
Dubai, which escaped unrest, may be among the beneficiaries. “Political stability makes it a
very attractive place for travelers in the region to spend their time and money,” says Khatija
Haque, senior economist at lender Emirates NBD.
Finance is playing a smaller part than it did during last decade’s boom; the sector grew
only 3.2 percent in the first half of 2012. Still, Dubai plans to boost the industry, partly by
launching a sharia finance council that will make sure certain financial products and contracts
conform to Islamic law. Such a council will help attract more wealth from the world’s 1.6
billion Muslims.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 127 As
recovery takes hold, Mashreq Capital’s Hussain is struggling to find early-morning
slots at his favorite golf course. “In the last three winters I could just drive up to my club, get
out, and play” he says. This year, after twice being turned away because the course was full,
“I decided to call two days before. And they said ‘yeah, but not till 9:30.’  ”
The bottom line: While Dubai is growing again, the emirate still has to pay off $40
billion in debt at the end of next year.
Zdroj: Business-spotlight: Business Press. [online]. [cit. 2013-01-30]. Dostupné z:
http://business-spotlight.ihned.cz/business-press/
QUESTIONS
According to the local residents what has changed since 2007 in their life?
______________________________________________________________________
What are the main drives of the economy in Dubai at the moment?
______________________________________________________________________
How did the economy do in Dubai in 2012 in the mentioned sectors of the economy?
______________________________________________________________________
What happened in 2008 in Dubai and what consequences it had on the development of
the given economy? How big is the debt now? Who helped to Dubai to pay for it?
______________________________________________________________________
According to Khatija Haque how important is stability of the economy there?
______________________________________________________________________
11 Reading business news in english
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11.3 LEXIS
1. Work in pairs. Use a dictionary and look up the new words, then match the
newspaper lingo vocabulary with the definitions:
1. background a) The person who "proofreads"
copy as it comes in, checking for
spelling, punctuation, accuracy
of style, and clarity
1.
2. caption b) The name of the reporter 2.
3. classified ads c) The person whose job is to
approve copy when it comes in
and to make decisions about
what is published in a
newspaper or magazine
3.
4. column d) Information that is not
intended for publication
4.
5. conflict of interest e) The "title" of a newspaper or
magazine story
5.
6. copyreader f) Copy which accompanies a
photograph or graphic
6.
7. credibility g) An article in which a writer or
columnist gives an opinion on a
topic
7.
8. editor i) Short, direct text ads which
clearly indicate WHAT is being
advertised, the PRICE,
WHERE, and HOW the
advertiser can be contacted
8.
9. feature article j) The conflict that is created
when a writer allows personal
interests (friendship, family,
business connections, etc.) to
influence the outcome of the
story
9.
10. headline k) Believability of a writer or
publication
10.
11. inverted pyramid l) The main article on the front
page of a newspaper, or the
cover story in a magazine
11.
12. by-line m) The structure of a news story
which places the important facts
at the beginning and less
important facts and details at the
end, enabling the editor to cut
bottom portion of the story if
space is required
12.
13. reporters n) A person who talks to a
reporter on the record, for
attribution in a news story
13.
14. source o) The people who gather facts
for the stories they are assigned
to write
14.
Zdroj: FlashcardMachine: Shared Flashcard Set. [online]. [cit. 2013-01-30].
Dostupné z:http://www.flashcardmachine.com/newspaper-lingo.html
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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2. Add the opposites to the following adjectives:
1. increase a)
2. boom b)
3. profit c)
4. gain d)
5. conform e)
6. full f)
7. lend g)
3. Which word is different?
1. mortgage security interest mortgage bond fund
2. shrink jump decrease lower
3. poor rich well-off wealthy
4. launch begin start terminate
11 Reading business news in english
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11.4 GRAMMAR
11.4.1 PASSIVE FORMS IN ENGLISH
Ve srovnání s češtinou se používá trpný rod v angličtině mnohem častěji a je nutné mu
věnovat pozornost. Trpný rod používáme když:
téma věty je jiné než činitel děje. (např. Apple Company was founded by Steve Jobs.)
činitel děje není důležitý. (např. Apple Company was set up in 1976.)
činitel děje není známý. (např. A new Korean company is being bulit in our region.)
Trpný rod tvoříme vždy pomocí slovesa BE a slovesa v minulém příčestí. U sloves
pravidelných přidáme koncovku –ed (např. be started) a u nepravidelných sloves volíme tvar
příčestí (např. be bought, be sold, be started, be written, be built atd.) Trpný rod můžeme
vytvořit od téměř jakéhokoliv slovesa v jakémkoliv slovesném čase, včetně průběhových.
V případě, že chceme činitel věty zmínit v trpné větě, používáme předložku BY (The
company was founded by my brother).
Nyní následují další příklady k uvedeným gramatickým pravidlům.
PŘÍKLAD 1
The bad debt has been paid.
PŘÍKLAD 2
$ 20 billion bailout of Dubai was engineered by the richest sheikdoms in the United
Arab Emirates.
PŘÍKLAD 3
The new contract will be signed by the CEO.
11.4.2 GRAMMAR – EXERCISES
1. Use the correct past participle forms of the irregular verbs:
1. to shrink …
2. to go up…
3. to drive …
4. to choose…
5. to fall…
6. to forecast…
7. to grow…
8. to hit…
9. to keep…
10. to lend…
11. to pay off…
12. to sink…
13. to undergo…
14. to undertake…
15. to write off …
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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2. Use the passive voice forms:
1. The updated website of SKODA AUTO company (visit) …… by thousands of
potential customers last week, as the company had released a new model of the Skoda
Octavia car.
2. New revolutionary inventions (initiate) … by Steve Jobs.
3. 10.000 pieces (produce) … every day by the Korean company
4. Many new markets (conquer) … immediately by Samsung in 1990s.
5. Finally, our company was lucky as its bad debt (write off) … few months ago.
6. A new contest (announce) … next month.
3. Now form the questions to the sentences from Exercise 2 and use different question
forms, such as when, what, who, how many, how quickly etc.:
1. …
2. …
3… .
4. …
5. …
6. …
11 Reading business news in english
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11.5 SPEAKING
1. Find some latest business news in Czech or English newspapers and bring to the class
and give a short summary of it.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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11.6 TEST
1. For companies the first step to buying the property is to get a mortgage …
• approbation
• approval
• appraisal
2. In Dubai this is one of the most … neighborhoods in the city.
• desirable
• destitute
• designated
3. As the company was late with all their payments for the mortgage installments it had
to be …
• closed
• foreclosed
• enclosed
4. The local authorities in Dubai want to … some of the local corporations.
• bail out
• take down
• give out
5. In the UAE some companies are going through a serious … right now.
• crease
• concern
• crisis
6. The real estate market has been … since the biggest real estate bubble.
• unpredictable
• uncouth
• compromising
7. The local authorities in Dubai are taking a lot of crucial … to improve the local
economy.
• stamps
• steps
• stops
8. Dubai’s stock index … 12 percent in the past month, four times the advance of the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
• gave
• gained
• gone
9. Many entrepreneurs in Dubai hope that the economic … will improve the economic
situation in the Gulf region.
• discovery
• recovery
• recovering
11 Reading business news in english
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10. A lot of smaller businesses are … with large losses in the vicinity of Dubai.
• shifting
• struggling
• stifling
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 135 -
11.7 KEY
1. Match the newspaper lingo vocabulary with the definitions:
1. background a) The person who "proofreads"
copy as it comes in, checking for
spelling, punctuation, accuracy
of style, and clarity
1. d)
2. caption b) The name of the reporter 2. f)
3. classified ads c) The person whose job is to
approve copy when it comes in
and to make decisions about
what is published in a
newspaper or magazine
3. i)
4. column d) Information that is not
intended for publication
4. g)
5. conflict of interest e) The "title" of a newspaper or
magazine story
5. j)
6. copyreader f) Copy which accompanies a
photograph or graphic
6. a)
7. credibility g) An article in which a writer or
columnist gives an opinion on a
topic
7. k)
8. editor i) Short, direct text ads which
clearly indicate WHAT is being
advertised, the PRICE,
WHERE, and HOW the
advertiser can be contacted
8. c)
9. feature article j) The conflict that is created
when a writer allows personal
interests (friendship, family,
business connections, etc.) to
influence the outcome of the
story
9. l)
10. headline k) Believability of a writer or
publication
10. e)
11. inverted pyramid l) The main article on the front
page of a newspaper, or the
cover story in a magazine
11. m)
12. by-line m) The structure of a news story
which places the important facts
at the beginning and less
important facts and details at the
end, enabling the editor to cut
bottom portion of the story if
space is required
12. b)
13. reporters n) A person who talks to a
reporter on the record, for
attribution in a news story
13. o)
14. source o) The people who gather facts
for the stories they are assigned
to write
14. n)
Zdroj: Flaschcard Machine: Shared Flashcard Set. [online]. [cit. 2013-01-30]. Dostupné z:
http://www.flashcardmachine.com/newspaper-lingo.html
11 Reading business news in english
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2. Add the opposites to the following adjectives:
1. increase a) decrease
2. boom b) collapse, crash
3. profit c) loss
4. gain d) lose
5. conform e) deviate, contradict
6. full f) empty
7. lend g) borrow
3. Which word is different?
1. mortgage security interest mortgage bond fund
2. shrink jump decrease lower
3. poor rich well-off wealthy
4. launch begin start terminate
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 137 -
11.7.1 GRAMMAR –EXERCISES
1. Use the correct past participle forms of the irregular verbs:
1. to shrink … shrunk
2. to go up… gone up
3. to drive … driven
4. to choose… chosen
5. to fall… fallen
6. to forecast… forecast
7. to grow… grown
8. to hit… hit
9. to keep… kept
10. to lend… lent
11. to pay off… paid off
12. to sink… sunk
13. to undergo… undergone
14. to undertake… undertaken
15. to write off … written off
2. Use the passive voice forms:
1. The updated website of SKODA AUTO company was visited by thousands of
potential customers last week, as the company had released a new model of the Skoda
Octavia car.
2. New revolutionary inventions were initiated by Steve Jobs.
3. 10.000 pieces are produced every day by the Korean company
4. Many new markets were conquered immediately by Samsung in 1990s.
5. Finally, our company was lucky as its bad debt was written off few months ago.
6. A new contest will be announced next month.
3. Now form the questions to the sentences from Exercise 2 and use different question
forms, such as when, what, who, how many, how quickly etc.:
1. How many customers visited the updated website of SKODA?…, Who visited the
updated website of SKODA?...
AUTO?...
2. Who initiated new revolutionary inventions?…, By whom were new revolutionary
inventions initiated?
3. How many pieces are produced?...
4. When were many new markets conquered?…, By whom were many new markets
conquered?
5. When was bad debt written off?
6. When will a new contest be announced?
11.7.2 TEST
1. For companies the first step to buying the property is to get a mortgage …
• approbation
• approval
• appraisal
11 Reading business news in english
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2. In Dubai this is one of the most … neighborhoods in the city.
• desirable
• destitute
• designated
3. As the company was late with all their payments for the mortgage installments it had
to be …
• closed
• foreclosed
• enclosed
4. The local authorities in Dubai want to … some of the local corporations.
• bail out
• take down
• give out
5. In the UAE some companies are going through a serious … right now.
• crease
• concern
• crisis
6. The real estate market has been … since the biggest real estate bubble.
• unpredictable
• uncouth
• compromising
7. The local authorities in Dubai are taking a lot of crucial … to improve the local
economy.
• stamps
• steps
• stops
8. Dubai’s stock index … 12 percent in the past month, four times the advance of the
MSCI Emerging Markets Index.
• gave
• gained
• gone
9. Many entrepreneurs in Dubai hope that the economic … will improve the economic
situation in the Gulf region.
• discovery
• recovery
• recovering
10. A lot of smaller businesses are … with large losses in the vicinity of Dubai.
• shifting
• struggling
• stifling
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 139 -
12 MIXED ADDITIONAL BUSINESS EXERCISES WITH THE
KEY
Circle the correct answer in the following exercises:
1. Their profits increased dramatically. = Their profits went ...
by the wayside
through the roof
on and on
2. Not many people use this product. = The … for this product is weak.
request
use
demand
3. The company is … ( = being criticized heavily) for some of their policies.
overvalued
under fire
under-funded
4. He didn't write the report himself. He … it with his colleague.
co-authored
authorized
cooperated
5. To write and release a public letter = To … a public letter
issue
insure
inspect
6. The buyout took him by surprise. = He was … by the buyout.
emboldened
unaffected
blindsided
7. They couldn't reach a deal. = They couldn't … a deal.
hammer out
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 140 put
out
come across
8. They rejected his first offer. = They rejected his … .
initial bid
first bidding
innovative bidding
9. He wasn't sure about the accepting the proposal. = He was … about accepting the
proposal.
hesitated
hesitant
hesitate
10. The talks are at a … . = There is no progress being made at the talks.
buyout
bankruptcy
standstill
11. The two candidates have never argued, so there is no … between them. ( =
there is no grudge stemming from previous arguments, disputes, etc.)
bad blood
bad news
bad manners
12. Investors got … ( = very upset) about the news.
bent out of shape
an earful
blown out of proportion
13. This is not as serious as it seems. It just got … ( = its importance was exaggerated).
bent out of shape
an earful
blown out of proportion
14. Jim was reprimanded by his boss = Jim got … from his boss.
bent out of shape
an earful
blown out of proportion
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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15. To affect the stock price = To … the stock price
insure
instigate
impact
16. Jim wanted to … his house against fire.
insure
impact
instigate
17. They wanted to create a conflict between the two firms. = They wanted to … a
conflict between the two firms.
instigate
insure
impact
18. He focused in on a good strategy. = He … on a good strategy.
called up
pulled up
honed in
19. Let me explain/clarify. = Let me … on this.
shine light
shine some light
shine the light
20. They went bankrupt last year. = They … last year.
flooded
folded
fell
21. Bill's company has broken its four-quarter streak of declining ...
revenue
reviews
cash
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 142 -
22. Revenue from license sales … by 5% during the second quarter of 2007.
down
fell
fell through
23. Because of good business decisions, our company is growing faster than ...
assumed
expecting
expected
24. We expect … growth during the next couple of quarters.
modest
shy
mid-range
25. The CEO announced that the company was taking a new …
way
highway
direction
26. The 90's stock market … created scores of (= many) dot-com millionaires.
boon
boom
book
27. A … company is one that isn't going to last very long. It's here one day, and gone the
next.
fly-by-night
night
flighty
28. The company spokesperson … to answer any questions.
decided
declined
decried
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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29. We're a little worried. One of our major … is growing at a rapid rate.
competition
competitors
compete
30. Bill was trying to come up with a scheme to steal money from the company, but his
boss … to this scheme and fired him.
caught
caught up
caught on
31. What are you trying to say? =What are you …?
getting at
getting
making
32. I'm sorry, Lynn, I didn't … ( = understand/hear) that last figure.
engage
catch/get
grasp
33. Janine has … a lot to the development of this company.
constrained
calculated
contributed
34. We're running a little short ... ( = we don't have much time left)
of time
in time
time
35. Bill told me that my issue was … of the meeting. ( = not part of what the meeting was
about)
outside the boundary
out the door
outside the scope
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 144 -
36. Let's … ( = talk) tomorrow.
touch bases
touch base
touch wood
37. She's really good at … ( = generating) creative solutions.
coming up with
coming on to
getting on with
38. In business jargon, when something is "on someone's radar":
they are not aware of something
they are aware of something
they are a pilot
39. Let's leave that issue for ...
other meeting
another meeting
the future
40. It's critical not to … of the main point.
see
lose site
lose sight
41. Our organization is one of the main … in the water initiative program. ( = an
integral part of the program)
holders
takers
stakeholders
42. Call one of the … guys to come fix your computer.
sales support
tech support
technical know-how
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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43. James and I don't really see … on this issue. ( = we don't really agree)
face-to-face
eye-to-eye
eyes-to-eyes
44. I'm sorry, he's … right now, can he call you back?
in a meeting
in meeting
with a meeting
45. … ( = I think), we should concentrate more on customer service.
The way I think
In other words
The way I see things
46. Paul, can we … your input on this?
get
receive
take
47. He makes ...
an excellent point
excellent point
an excellent idea
48. I understand = I see …
what you say
what you think
what you mean
49. I agree with you ...
up to your point
up to a point
up to a moment
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 146 -
50. What do we do next? = What are the … on this?
next steps
next moves
next actions
51. A company's … is the supply of goods it has for sale.
inventory
invention
inversion
52. A good CEO will make … business decisions.
sound
sonic
musical
53. It's not economically … ( = profitable/worthwhile) for us to pursue this.
fast
worthy
feasible
54. We have to examine the … (race, age, income, etc.) of our customer base.
democracy
demographics
demonstrations
55. Our … is to provide high quality veterinary service.
statement
mishap
mission
56. This seminar will show you how to … ( = improve) your sales and marketing
campaigns.
vary
variable
variety
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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57. To make an "informed" choice, means to make a … choice.
wise
frivolous
neutral
58. A "white paper" is an … report.
authored
authentic
authoritative
59. The manager didn't see any … ( = real) benefits to his approach.
tangy
tangible
tinged
60. The kids who will receive these computers are the ones who will ultimately … of this
project.
rope the benefits
reap the benefits
take the benefits
61. When you're "bouncing ideas off each other", you're …
exchanging ideas
agreeing with someone else's idea
playing basketball
62. (We've been trying to reach each other, but we keep getting each other's voice mail)
Lisa, the marketing rep, and I have been playing … this whole week.
phone games
phone tag
phone contact
63. What's "voice mail"?
A messaging service - it allows you to leave messages when you call someone
A voice attachment on an email
A package with a CD
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 148 -
64. I think David should do the presentation. Database architecture is his … .
topic of expertise
area of expertise
field of knowledge
65. Your report is a little short. I think you have to … a little more.
learn the topic
research the substance
research the topic
66. Our meetings are always quite informal, but we get … .
much done
much finished
a lot done
67. Where can I get a pen?
In the supply room
In the lunch room
In the conference room
68. What's a binder?
paper
a notebook cover (often with rings or clamps for holding sheets)
a mean boss
69. I've always wanted to … a career in HR.
persuade
perhaps
pursue
70. No, I'm sorry I'm not … with that service. ( = I haven't heard about that service)
familiar
famous
famished
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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71. I don't think I can take on any more projects right now - I have too much … already.
on my platter
on my plate
on my mind
72. The USA is one of the easiest places in the world to … .
make a business
commence a business
start a business
73. I'm swamped. = I'm …
drowning
really busy
confused
74. (What's the plan for today?/ What do we have to do today?) = What's on the …
today?
agenda
board
notebook
75. I'm a little confused about the timeline. Could you … ( = explain it to me) again?
walk me through it
walk me through
converse with me
76. What's a "timeline"?
A thin watch
A deadline
A schedule
77. I have a couple of things I'd like to talk about - I'm going to go through them … ( =
one by one)
in order
by order
orderly
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 150 -
78. Tony is always … the meeting up by being late.
holding
keeping
bringing
79. I have a terrible boss! He never gives me any positive … on the work I do. (= he
never compliments my work)
feed
feedback
opinions
80. A business' "core competency" is something that it can do well - something that sets
it apart from its competitors, and is difficult for these competitors to … ( = copy)
initiate
inform
imitate
81. John isn't a permanent employee, he's a … .
temp
part-time
hired
82. … means that someone gets hired as a temporary employee, and then, in time has the
chance to become a permanent employee.
Temp-to-full
Temp-to-hire
Temp-to-non-temp
83. I can't make it at 2, I have an important meeting … ( = I have to attend).
I can't get out
I can't get out from
I can't get out of
84. Make sure you … with Nancy about what we all discussed this morning.
follow-up
follow
converse
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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85. He's got a really positive … He'll do well at this company.
look
sense
attitude
86. A "micromanager" wants to …
let his employees work independently
have total control over everything
bankrupt the company s/he works for
87. You should always wear your name … ( = a little piece of paper with your name that
you wear on your shirt) when you're at work.
tag
paper
patch
88. Tony, can you … these documents and see if there's anything about the Dell
contract?
observe
look through
look
89. Can we meet at 2:00 PM? Let me check my …
requirement
schedule
clock
90. Marketing really dropped the … on this one. ( = really made a big mistake)
balls
bowl
ball
91. When did John start working here? He was … about two months ago.
hire
taken
hired
12 Mixed additional business exercises with the key
- 152 -
92. I can't go out, - my … is almost over.
break for lunch
lunch break
food break
93. Many of our employees take their breaks in the …
breakfast room
lunch room/lunchroom
criticized
94. In many offices, employees work in little areas called …
cubes/cubicles
boxes
rooms
95. You are going to have to … your cubicle with two other employees.
divide
coexist in
share
96. Everyone has to leave the office during a fire …
drill
alarm
time
97. I can't … to my computer.
log in
log out
log
98. You don't have to wear a tie, but you have to wear a …
shirt
t-shirt
dress shirt
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
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99. Do you have a dress … at your company?
requirement
code
law
100. I'm going on a … next month. I'm meeting with one of our clients in Singapore.
business trip
work trip
business travel
Zdroj: Businessenglishsite: General Business English & expressions. [online]. [cit.
2013-01-30]. Dostupné z http://www.businessenglishsite.com/general-business-
english.html
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 154 -
12.1 KEY TO MIXED ADDITIONAL BUSINESS EXERCISES
Circle the correct answer in the following exercises:
1. Their profits increased dramatically. = Their profits went ...
by the wayside
through the roof
on and on
2. Not many people use this product. = The … for this product is weak.
request
use
demand
3. The company is … ( = being criticized heavily) for some of their policies.
overvalued
under fire
under-funded
4. He didn't write the report himself. He … it with his colleague.
co-authored
authorized
cooperated
5. To write and release a public letter = To … a public letter
issue
insure
inspect
6. The buyout took him by surprise. = He was … by the buyout.
emboldened
unaffected
blindsided
7. They couldn't reach a deal. = They couldn't … a deal.
hammer out
put out
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 155 come
across
8. They rejected his first offer. = They rejected his … .
initial bid
first bidding
innovative bidding
9. He wasn't sure about the accepting the proposal. = He was … about accepting the
proposal.
hesitated
hesitant
hesitate
10. The talks are at a … . = There is no progress being made at the talks.
buyout
bankruptcy
standstill
11. The two candidates have never argued, so there is no … between them. ( = there is no
grudge stemming from previous arguments, disputes, etc.)
bad blood
bad news
bad manners
12. Investors got … ( = very upset) about the news.
bent out of shape
an earful
blown out of proportion
13. This is not as serious as it seems. It just got … ( = its importance was exaggerated).
bent out of shape
an earful
blown out of proportion
14. Jim was reprimanded by his boss. = Jim got … from his boss.
bent out of shape
an earful
blown out of proportion
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 156 -
15. To affect the stock price = To … the stock price
insure
instigate
impact
16. Jim wanted to … his house against fire.
insure
impact
instigate
17. They wanted to create a conflict between the two firms. = They wanted to … a
conflict between the two firms.
instigate
insure
impact
18. He focused in on a good strategy. = He … on a good strategy.
called up
pulled up
honed in
19. Let me explain/clarify. = Let me … on this.
shine light
shine some light
shine the light
20. They went bankrupt last year. = They … last year.
flooded
folded
fell
21. Bill's company has broken its four-quarter streak of declining ...
revenue
reviews
cash
22. Revenue from license sales … by 5% during the second quarter of 2007.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 157 -
down
fell
fell through
23. Because of good business decisions, our company is growing faster than ...
assumed
expecting
expected
24. We expect … growth during the next couple of quarters.
modest
shy
mid-range
25. The CEO announced that the company was taking a new …
way
highway
direction
26. The 90's stock market … created scores of (= many) dot-com millionaires.
boon
boom
book
27. A … company is one that isn't going to last very long. It's here one day, and gone the
next.
fly-by-night
night
flighty
28. The company spokesperson … to answer any questions.
decided
declined
decried
29. We're a little worried. One of our major … is growing at a rapid rate.
competition
competitors
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 158 -
compete
30. Bill was trying to come up with a scheme to steal money from the company, but his
boss … to this scheme and fired him.
caught
caught up
caught on
31. What are you trying to say? = What are you …?
getting at
getting
making
32. I'm sorry, Lynn, I didn't … ( = understand/hear) that last figure.
engage
catch/get
grasp
33. Janine has … a lot to the development of this company.
constrained
calculated
contributed
34. We're running a little short ... ( = we don't have much time left)
of time
in time
time
35. Bill told me that my issue was … of the meeting. ( = not part of what the meeting was
about)
outside the boundary
out the door
outside the scope
36. Let's … ( = talk) tomorrow.
touch bases
touch base
touch wood
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 159 -
37. She's really good at … ( = generating) creative solutions.
coming up with
coming on to
getting on with
38. In business jargon, when something is "on someone's radar":
they are not aware of something
they are aware of something
they are a pilot
39. Let's leave that issue for ...
other meeting
another meeting
the future
40. It's critical not to … of the main point.
see
lose site
lose sight
41. Our organization is one of the main … in the water initiative program. ( = an
integral part of the program)
holders
takers
stakeholders
42. Call one of the … guys to come fix your computer.
sales support
tech support
technical know-how
43. James and I don't really see … on this issue. ( = we don't really agree)
face-to-face
eye-to-eye
eyes-to-eyes
44. I'm sorry, he's … right now, can he call you back?
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 160 in
a meeting
in meeting
with a meeting
45. … ( = I think), we should concentrate more on customer service.
The way I think
In other words
The way I see things
46. Paul, can we … your input on this?
get
receive
take
47. He makes ...
an excellent point
excellent point
an excellent idea
48. I understand = I see …
what you say
what you think
what you mean
49. I agree with you ...
up to your point
up to a point
up to a moment
50. What do we do next? = What are the … on this?
next steps
next moves
next actions
51. A company's … is the supply of goods it has for sale.
inventory
invention
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 161 -
inversion
52. A good CEO will make … business decisions.
sound
sonic
musical
53. It's not economically … ( = profitable/worthwhile) for us to pursue this.
fast
worthy
feasible
54. We have to examine the … (race, age, income, etc.) of our customer base.
democracy
demographics
demonstrations
55. Our … is to provide high quality veterinary service.
statement
mishap
mission
56. This seminar will show you how to … ( = improve) your sales and marketing
campaigns.
vary
variable
variety
57. To make an "informed" choice, means to make a … choice.
wise
frivolous
neutral
58. A "white paper" is an … report.
authored
authentic
authoritative
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 162 -
59. The manager didn't see any … ( = real) benefits to his approach.
tangy
tangible
tinged
60. The kids who will receive these computers are the ones who will ultimately … of this
project.
rope the benefits
reap the benefits
take the benefits
61. When you're "bouncing ideas off each other", you're …
exchanging ideas
agreeing with someone else's idea
playing basketball
62. (We've been trying to reach each other, but we keep getting each other's voice mail)
Lisa, the marketing rep, and I have been playing … this whole week.
phone games
phone tag
phone contact
63. What's "voice mail"?
A messaging service - it allows you to leave messages when you call someone
A voice attachment on an email
A package with a CD
64. I think David should do the presentation. Database architecture is his … .
topic of expertise
area of expertise
field of knowledge
65. Your report is a little short. I think you have to … a little more.
learn the topic
research the substance
research the topic
66. Our meetings are always quite informal, but we get … .
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 163 much
done
much finished
a lot done
67. Where can I get a pen?
In the supply room
In the lunch room
In the conference room
68. What's a binder?
paper
a notebook cover (often with rings or clamps for holding sheets)
a mean boss
69. I've always wanted to … a career in HR.
persuade
perhaps
pursue
70. No, I'm sorry I'm not … with that service. ( = I haven't heard about that service)
familiar
famous
famished
71. I don't think I can take on any more projects right now - I have too much … already.
on my platter
on my plate
on my mind
72. The USA is one of the easiest places in the world to … .
make a business
commence a business
start a business
73. I'm swamped. = I'm …
drowning
really busy
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 164 -
confused
74. ( What's the plan for today?/ What do we have to do today?) = What's on the …
today?
agenda
board
notebook
75. I'm a little confused about the timeline. Could you … ( = explain it to me) again?
walk me through it
walk me through
converse with me
76. What's a "timeline"?
A thin watch
A deadline
A schedule
77. I have a couple of things I'd like to talk about - I'm going to go through them … ( =
one by one)
in order
by order
orderly
78. Tony is always … the meeting up by being late.
holding
keeping
bringing
79. I have a terrible boss! He never gives me any positive … on the work I do. (= he
never compliments my work)
feed
feedback
opinions
80. A business' "core competency" is something that it can do well - something that sets
it apart from its competitors, and is difficult for these competitors to … ( = copy)
initiate
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 165 -
inform
imitate
81. John isn't a permanent employee, he's a … .
temp
part-time
hired
82. … means that someone gets hired as a temporary employee, and then, in time has the
chance to become a permanent employee.
Temp-to-full
Temp-to-hire
Temp-to-non-temp
83. I can't make it at 2, I have an important meeting … ( = I have to attend).
I can't get out
I can't get out from
I can't get out of
84. Make sure you … with Nancy about what we all discussed this morning.
follow-up
follow
converse
85. He's got a really positive … He'll do well at this company.
look
sense
attitude
86. A "micromanager" wants to …
let his employees work independently
have total control over everything
bankrupt the company s/he works for
87. You should always wear your name … ( = a little piece of paper with your name that
you wear on your shirt) when you're at work.
tag
paper
0 12.1 Key TO Mixed additional business exercises
- 166 -
patch
88. Tony, can you … these documents and see if there's anything about the Dell
contract?
observe
look through
look
89. Can we meet at 2:00 PM? Let me check my …
requirement
schedule
clock
90. Marketing really dropped the … on this one. ( = really made a big mistake)
balls
bowl
ball
91. When did John start working here? He was … about two months ago.
hire
taken
hired
92. I can't go out, - my … is almost over.
break for lunch
lunch break
food break
93. Many of our employees take their breaks in the …
breakfast room
lunch room/lunchroom
criticized
94. In many offices, employees work in little areas called …
cubes/cubicles
boxes
rooms
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 167 -
95. You are going to have to … your cubicle with two other employees.
divide
coexist in
share
96. Everyone has to leave the office during a fire …
drill
alarm
time
97. I can't … to my computer.
log in
log out
log
98. You don't have to wear a tie, but you have to wear a …
shirt
t-shirt
dress shirt
99. Do you have a dress … at your company?
requirement
code
law
100. I'm going on a … next month. I'm meeting with one of our clients in Singapore.
business trip
work trip
business travel
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 168 -
ZÁVĚR
Tímto doplňkovým souhrnným testem končí opora Business English 2, která vás
jazykově připravila pro odbornou komunikaci v oblastech: Succesful Entrepreneurs,
Negotiations, Meetings, Franchises, Stock Markets, Dealing with Customers, Trade Fair,
Lean Manufacturing, Business Letters in English, Business Emails in English, Reading
Business News in English a Mixed Business Exercices. Uvedenou slovní zásobu je možné
použít v jakémkoli firemním či obchodním prostředí. Dále je možné v rámci prohlubování
jazykových znalostí využít řadu lexikálních a gramatických cvičení, které jsou opatřeny
klíčem. A v neposlední řadě jsou v textu uvedeny webové odkazy, které slouží k dalšímu
jazykovému vzdělávání. Všem studentům přeji hodně úspěchů a chuti se dále jazykově
rozvíjet.
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 169 SLOVNÍK
(SLOVNÍ ZÁSOBA)
alternatives alternativy
to amplify rozvést
arbitration rozhodčí řízení
to bargain vyjednávat
bottom-line spodní hranice
collective společný
to compensate nahradit, vykompenzovat
to comply vyhovět, splnit
to comprise zahrnovat, obsahovat, tvořit
concession ústupek
conflict resolution řešení konfliktu
to confront čelit, postavit se
consensus shoda, souhlas
cooperation spolupráce
counter proposal protinabídka
counterattack protiútok
counterpart protějšek
demands požadavky
deadlock mrtvý bod
dispute spor, hádka, pře
to be entitled to mít právo na
flexible pružný, přizpůsobivý
haggling smlouvání, dohadování, handrkování se
hostility nesouhlas, odpor
to high-ball učinit vysoký požadavek
impulse podnět, stimul
indecisive váhavý, nerozhodný
leverage působení, vliv
log-rolling vzájemné vychvalování
to low-ball učinit nízký požadavek
to mislead uvést v omyl, oklamat
mutual vzájemný
objective cíl
point of view pohled
pressure tlak
proposal návrh
receptive ochotný, přístupný
resentment zlost, vztek
resistance odpor
to resolve řešit
tactics taktika
tension napětí, pnutí
trade-off výměnný obchod
ultimatum ultimátum
unrealistic nerealistický
victory vítězství
to yield ustoupit
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 170 @
(at) @ zavináč
afford dovolit si
appear objevit se
appropriate vhodný
attach připojit přílohu
avoid vyhnout se něčemu
bcc skrytá kopie
casual přirozený, neformální
cc kopie
check zkontrolovat
clear srozumitelný
copy kopírovat
courteous zdvořilý
delete smazat
dot tečka
download stáhnout
efficient účinný, schopný
forgive odpustit, prominout
formality formálnost
forward přeposlat
impolite nezdvořilý
include zahrnovat
initiate zahájit
inquiry dotaz, otázka
line řádek
polite zdvořilý
punctuation interpunkce
purpose účel, cíl
put sb. at ease uklidnit koho
receive přijmout
recipient příjemce
reply odpovědět
reply to all odpovědet všem
run on zdlouhavý
send odeslat
send and receive odeslat a přijmout
sender odesílatel
sentence věta
spelling pravopis
step krok
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 171 accomplish
dosáhnout
accomplishment úspěch, výkon
acknowledged všeobecně uznávaný
background zázemí, původ
brand značka
CEO výkonný předseda společnosti
competition konkurence
competitor konkurent
consumer spotřebitel
contribution přispění
customer zákazník
entrepreneur podnikatel
entrepreneurial podnikatelský
entrepreneurship podnikání
evidence důkaz
impact dopad, vliv
invention vynález
long term dlouhodobý
loyalty loajalita
market trh
obvious zřejmý
panache elegance, šmrnc
prowess zručnost, obratnost
reinvention znovuobjevení
relationship vztah
retailer maloobchodník
to set up založit
shareholder akcionář
short term krátkodobý
subsequent následný
to acquire získat
to address oslovit
to compete konkurovat, soutěžit
to conquer dobýt, zvítězit
to contribute přispět
to enter vstoupit
to gain získat
to influence ovlivnit
to invent vynalézt
to penetrate proniknout
to persuade přesvědčit
to revolutionize udělat převrat
to sell prodávat
to serve vykonávat (funkci)
user-friendly uživatelsky přívětivý
visionary vizionář
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 172 absent
nepřítomný
to accomplish dosáhnout
to address oslovit
to adjourn odložit, přerušit
agenda program, pořad jednání
AGM (annual general meeting) valná hromada
to allocate rozdělit, přidělit
AOB (any other business) různé
apologies omluva
to ballot hlasovat
board of directors představenstvo
boardroom zasedací síň správní rady
to brainstorm hledat nové nápady
casting vote rozhodující hlas
chairperson/chair předseda
to clarify objasnit, vyjasnit
clarification objasnění, vyjasnění
closing remarks poznámky na závěr
to collaborate spolupracovat
to commence začít
to comment vyjádřit se
conference porada, jednání
conference hall zasedací síň
confidential důvěrný
consensus shoda, souhlas
deadline končný termín
to designate jmenovat, vybrat, určit
formality formalita
grievance stížnost
guest speaker hostující mluvčí
to implement zavést, provést
mandatory povinný
minutes zápis, oficální zpráva
to motion předložit návrh
objectives cíle
opening remarks poznámky na začátku
participant účastník
proxy vote hlas v zastoupení
punctual dochvílný
to recommend doporučit
show of hands hlasování zdvižením ruky
unanimous jednohlasný
vote hlas
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 173 attachment
příloha
block format zarovnání do bloku
body hlavní část
bullets odrážky
certified mail potvrzená, doporučená pošta
coherent souvislý, jasný, srozumitelný
concise stručný
confidential důvěrný
diplomacy diplomacie
diplomatic diplomatický
direct mail reklamní pošta
double space dvojité řádkování
enclosure příloha
formal formální
format formát, struktura, uspořádání
heading záhlaví
indent odsazení
informal neformální
inside address informace o příjemci
justified margins zarovnané okraje
letterhead hlavička
logo logo, emblém
margin okraj
memorandum, memo písemné interní sdělení
modified block format upravené zarovnání do bloku
on arrival notification, e.g. confidential označení charakteru dopisu, np. důvěrně apod.
postage poštovné
proofread korektura, udělat kontrolu
punctuation interpunkce
reader-friendly srozumitelný pro čtenáře
recipient příjemce
right ragged nezarovnaný okraj textu vpravo
salutation oslovení
sensitive information citlivá informace
semi-block format formát s odsazenými odstavci, nezarovnaný vlevo
sincerely s úctou
single spaced jednoduché řádkování
spacing řádkování
tone charakter, ton
transitions, e.g. furthermore… přechodový prvek v textu dopise, np. dále…
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 174 batch
série
benefit výhoda
CEO výkonný předseda
competitor konkurent
costs náklady
customer zákazník
efficiency výkonnost, efektivita
emphasis důraz
focus on … pozornost, zaměření na …
implementation provedení, uskutečnění, realizace
improvement zlepšení, zdokonalení
inventory zásoby
key klíčový
lead time doba mezi započetím procesu a realizaci výsledků
lean manufacturing štíhlá výroba
mass production velkovýroba, hromadná výroba
objective cíl
performance výkon
previous předchozí
producer výrobce
production výroba
sigma standardní odchylka
target cíl
to accuse of obvinit, obžalovat
to achieve dosáhnout
to admire obdivovat
to be slow on the uptake pomalu chápající, málo bystrý
to cut redukovat, snížit
to eliminate odstranit, zlikvidovat
to implement provést, uskutečnit, realizovat
to improve zdokonalit, zlepšit
to measure měřit, změřit
to overstate přehánět, zveličovat
to produce vyrábět
to raise zvýšit
to reduce snížit, redukovat
to simplify zjednodušit
to speed up zrychlit
value added s přidanou hodnotou
waste plýtvání, mrhání, ztráta
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 175 asked
price nejnižší cena za cenné papíry, kterou prodávající akceptuje
at the market příkaz ke koupi a prodeji akcie za momentálně nejlepší
cenu
auction market dražební trh
benefits of trade výhody obchodu
bid price nabídková cena
bond market trh obligací
broker makléř
capital market kapitálový trh
clerk zaměstnanec makléřské firmy předávající zakázky a
informace mezi makléři v kanceláři a makléři v budově
burzy
commission provize
costs of trade náklady obchodu
customer zákazník
derivatives market trh derivátů
floor broker makléř v budově burzy
foreign exchange market devizový trh
futures market termínový trh
investment banker investiční bankéř
IPO market trh s počáteční veřejnou nabídkou
limit order příkaz ke koupi a prodeji akcie za určitou (lepší) cenu
listed stock kótovaná akcie
market burzovní trh
market-maker obchodník na burzovním trhu
NASDAQ (National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Quotations
automatizovaný systém burzovních záznamů Národního
sdružení obchodníků s cennými papíry
New-Issues Market trh, na kterém firma prodává své akcie pro získání peněz
pro rozjezd nebo expanzi
NYSE New York Stock Exchange
over the counter market přepážkový trh
performance výkon
price cena
primary market prvotní trh
quotes kotace
secondary market druhotný trh
security cenný papír
share akcie
specialists makléř specializující se na určité akcie v budově burzy
stock akcie
stock market akciový trh
stockbroker makléř
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 176 addition
přírůstek
annual roční
approximately přibližně
brand značka
brand awareness povědomí o značce
contemporary současný
conveniently výhodně, prakticky
core hlavní
decennium desetiletí
epitome model, představitel
event událost
exhibition výstava
exhibition grounds výstavištní areál
exhibition stand stánek na výstavišti
exhibitor vystavovatel
gross celkový, hrubý
joint-stock company akciový společnost
member člen
net čistý, netto
organizer organizátor
participant účastník
prominent čelní, významný
provider poskytovatel
purpose cíl, záměr
shape tvar, podoba
shareholder akcionář
shares akcie
subsidiary pobočka
successful úspěšný
to abbreviate vytvořit zkratku
to apply for žádat o, podat žádost
to be held konat se
to commemorate oslavit
to establish ustavit, založit
to exhibit vystavovat
to offer nabízet
to operate provozovat
to provide poskytovat
to rank řadit
trade fair veletrh
venue místo
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 177 accounts
receivable účty pohledávek
advertising reklama
agreement dohoda
annual roční
available dostupný, k dispozici
benefits výhody
branch pobočka
brand značka
business format struktura, formát obchodu
chain řetězec
contract smlouva
costs náklady
direct costs prime náklady
equipment vybavení
evaluation hodnocení
fee honorář, odměna
franchise licence, fanšíza
franchisee uživatel licence
franchisor poskytovatel licenze, franšízy
indirect costs nepřímé náklady
inventory zásoba (zboží na skladě)
logo logo
mid-price střední cena
obligations závazky
owner vlastník
payroll mzdy a platy
ranking hodnocení
renewable obnovitelný
royalty licenční poplatek
startup costs počáteční náklady
term lhůta, termín
to acquire získat, nabýt
to ensure zajistit
to establish založit, zavést
to evaluate hodnotit
to offer nabízet
to purchase koupit
to run řídit, vést
to set up založit
to sign podespat
to support podporovat
to terminate ukončit
trademark ochranná známka
training školení
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 178 acceptable
přijatelný
competitor konkurent
complaint reklamace
defensive obranný
delight radost, potěšení
dissatisfied nespokojený
goal cíl
chain of command organizační schéma
challenge otázka, problém
issue věc, záležitost
loyalty loajalita
on behalf of jménem
owner majitel
personally osobně
promoter podporovatel
regardless of bez ohledu na
satisfaction spokojenost
sincerely upřímně
solution řešení
suggestion návrh
to alleviate zmírnit, ulehčit, zmenšit
to apologize omluvit se
to argue hádat se, přít se
to attack utočit
to blame dávat vinu
to bother obtěžovat
to complain reklamovat
to contact kontaktovat
to deal with zabývat se něčím
to delay oddálit, protahovat
to earn získat
to emphasize zdůraznit
to encourage podporovat
to handle řešit
to jump to conclusions dělat unáhlené závěry
to reject zamítnout
to satisfy uspokojit
to sense vycítit, uvědomit si
to solve řešit
to suggest navrhovat
unacceptable nepřijatelný
upset rozrušený, znepokojený
wrong chybný, špatný
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 179 announce
ohlásit
bailout finanční pomoc
best performing prosperující
bond obligace, dluhopis
boost oživit
bubble bublina
bulletproof neprůstřelný
cap omezit, přiškrtit
cargo náklad
clad oděný
climb stoupat
concerns obavy
council rada
crash zhroutit se, krach
debt dluh
debt-fueled dluhem poháněný
due dlužný, splatný
earnings příjem, výdělek
expand zvětšit se, rozšířit se
fixed-income fund fond investující do státních dluhopisů
freelance writer spisovatel na volné noze
gain získat
government vláda
increase nárůst
linger přetrvávat, pokračovat
mortgage hypotéka
notice všimnout si
occupancy obsazenost
own vlastnit
pay off splatit
rack up sth. dosáhnout něčeho, zaznamenat něco
real estate nemovitost, realita
recovery oživení, zotavení
residential rent nájemné za bydlení
run provozovat
scantily spoře
sheikdom šejchát
ship out odeslat, zaslat
shrink zmenšit se
slot skulina v rozvrhu
stable stabilní
stack štos
struggle snažit se, usilovat
take hold zmocnit se, ovládnout situaci
transshipment překládka
unrest nepokoje
Janusz Karpeta; Business english 2
- 180 SEZNAM
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SUCCESS: Greatest Technology Entrepreneurs of All Time. [online]. 2013
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thestockbandit@thestockbandit.com
Janusz Karpeta; Název: Business English 2
- 182 Název:
Business English 2
Autor: Mr. Janusz Karpeta
Vydavatel: Slezská univerzita v Opavě
Obchodně podnikatelská fakulta v Karviné
Určeno: studentům SU OPF Karviná
Počet stran: 182
Vydání: on-line
ISBN: 978-80-7248-962-6