Financial Statements -Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) and Income Statement
SILESIAN
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVINÁ
Ing. Markéta Skupieňová, Ph.D.
Financial Statements - Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet) and Income Statement
Financial Statements
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVINA
• Companies prepare five financial statements from the summarized accounting data:
• An income statement
• A retained earnings statement
• A statement of financial position (balance sheet)
• A statement of cash flows
• A statement of stockholders' equity
Financial Statements
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SCHOOL or BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVINA
• An income statement - presents the revenues and expenses and resulting net income or net loss for a specific period of time
• A retained earnings statement - summarizes the changes in retained earnings for a specific period of time
• A statement of financial position - sometimes referred to as a balance sheets reports the assets, liabilities, and equity of a company at a specific date
• A statement of cash flows - summarizes information about the cash inflows (receipts) and outflows (payments) for a specific period of time
Statement of Financial Position - Balance Sheet
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• The balance sheet is a financial statement that presents the financial position of ffiSiSSS^wwi-A company on a particular date.
• The balance sheet reports assets, liabilities, and stockholder's equity at a point in time, in contrast to the income statement which shows revenue and expense activities over an interval of time.
• Balance sheet consists of assets and liabilities and equity.
• The financial position of a company is summarized by the accounting equation:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity Assets = Liabilities + Stockholdersr Equity Resources = creditor rs claims + owners rs claims
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVINA
• Assets are the resources of company.
• Assets are the resources a business owns.
• The business uses its assets in carrying out such activities as production and sales.
• The common characteristic possessed by all assets is the capacity to provide future services or benefits.
• In a business, that service potential or future economic benefit eventually results in cash inflows (receipts).
• For example, consider Taipai Pizza, a local restaurant. It owns a delivery truck that provides economic benefits from delivering pizzas.
• Other assets of Taipai Pizza are tables, chairs, cash register, oven, tableware, and of course cash.
Assets
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• Assets include:
• Cash - is a resource because it can be used to make purchases
• Accounts receivable - is a resource because they represent the right to receive cash from customers that have already been provided products or services
• Supplies - include resources used to run for example the soccer academy, such as paper, cleaning supplies, and soccer balls
• Equipment - is a resource that can be used to provide services to customers
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVINA
• Liabilities are the amounts owed by a company.
• Liabilities are claims against assets - that is, existing debts and obligations.
• Businesses of all sizes usually borrow money and purchase merchandise on credit.
• Liabilities include amounts owed to regular vendors (accounts payable), as well as amounts owed for other items such as employee salaries, utilities, interest, and bank borrowing (notes payable)
• Many liabilities are referred to as payable, to signify amounts the company will pay in the future.
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVINA
• These economic activities result in payables of various sorts:
• Taipai Pizza, for instance, purchases cheese, sausage, flour; and beverages on credit from suppliers. These obligations are called accounts payable.
• Taipai Pizza also has a note payable to Fist National Bank for the money borrowed to purchase the delivery truck.
• Taipai Pizza may also have salaries and wages payable to employees and sales and real estate taxes payable to the local government.
• All of these persons or entities to whom Taipai Pizza owes money are its creditors.
• Creditors may legally force the liquidation of a business that does not pay its debts.
• In that case, the law requires that creditor claims be paid before ownership claims.
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• The ownership claim on a company's total assets.
• It is equal to total assets minus total liabilities
• Why???:
• The assets of a business are claimed by either creditors or shareholders. To find out what belongs to shareholders, we subtract creditors' claims (the liabilities) from the assets.
• The remainder is the shareholders' claim on the assets - equity.
• It is often referred to as residual equity - that is, the equity left over after creditors' claims are satisfied.
• Equity generally consists of:
• share capital - ordinary
• and retained earnings.
Share Capital - Ordinary
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• A corporation may obtain funds by selling ordinary shares to investors.
• Share capital - ordinary is the term used to describe the amounts paid in by shareholders for the ordinary shares they purchase.
Retained Earnings_
Retained earnings is determined by three items:
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• revenues - are the gross increases in equity resulting from business activities entered into for the purpose of earning income (that it selling merchandise and so on)
• expenses - are the cost of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning revenue (supplies, electric expense and so on)
• dividends - net income represents an increase in net assets which is then available to distribute to shareholders
Dividends
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UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• The distribution of cash or other assets to shareholders is called dividend.
• Dividends reduce retained earnings.
• However, dividends are not expenses.
• A corporation first determines its revenues and expenses and then computes net income or net loss.
• If it has net income, and decides it has no better use for that income, a corporation may decide to distribute a dividend to its owners (the shareholders).
Dividends
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• In summary, the principal sources (increases) of equity are investments by shareholders and revenues from business operations.
• In contrast, reductions (decreases) in equity result from expenses and dividends.
Dividends
:vents
Criterion
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SCHOOL or BUSINCSS AOMINlSIJlAriOK IN KARVJNA
Income Statement
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• The income statement is a financial statement that reports the comapny's revenues and expenses over an interval of time.
• The income statement reports the success or profitability of the company's operations over a specific period of time.
• It shows whether the company was able to generate enough revenue to cover the expenses of running the business.
• Income statement consists of revenues and expenses.
Income Statement
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UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
Revenues - Expenses = Net income (Net loss)
• If revenues exceed expenses, then the company reports net income.
• If expenses exceed revenues (revenues do not exceed expenses), then the company reports net loss.
Revenues
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• Revenues are the amount recognized when the company sells products or provides services to customers.
• For example, when you or one of your employees provides soccer training to a customer, the company recognizes revenue.
• However, as you've probably heard (It takes money to make money.)
• To operate the company you'll encounter many costs.
Revenues
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• Revenues are the gross increases in equity resulting from business activities entered into for the purpose of earning income.
• Generally, revenues result from selling merchandise, performing services, renting property, and lending money.
• Revenues usually result in an increase in an asset.
• They may arise from different sources are called various names depending on the nature of the business.
• Taipai Pizza, for instance, has two categories of sales revenues - pizza sales and beverage sales.
• Other title for and sources of revenue common to many business are sales, fees, services, commissions, interest, dividends, royalties, and rent.
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
• Expenses are the costs of providing products and services and other business activities during the current period.
• For example, to operate the soccer academy, you'll have costs related to salaries, rent, supplies, and utilities.
• These are typical expenses of most companies.
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SCHOOL OF BUSINESS A0M1NIS1 RATION IN KARVJNA
• Expenses are the cost of assets consumed or services used in the process of earning revenue.
• They are decreases in equity that result from operating the business.
• Like revenues, expenses take many forms and are called various names depending on the type of asset consumed or service used.
Expenses
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• For example, Taipai Pizza recognizes the following types of expenses:
• cost of ingredients (flour, cheese, tomato paste, meat, mushrooms, etc.),
• cost of beverages, wages expense,
• utilities expense (electric, gas, and water expense),
• telephone expense,
• delivery expense (gasoline, repairs, licenses, etc.),
• supplies expense (napkins, detergents, aprons, etc.),
• rent expense, interest expense, and property tax expense.
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN KARVJNA
Revenues - Expenses = Net income (Net loss)
• Net income is difference between revenues and expenses.
• All business want revenues to be greater than expenses, producing a positive net income and adding to stockholders' equity in the business.
• However, if expenses exceed revenues, as happens from time to time, the difference between them is a negative amount - a net loss.
Financial Statements
SOFTBYTE SA
Income Statement For the Month Ended September 30, 2017
Revenues
Service revenue Expenses
Salaries and wages expense
Rent expense
Advertising expense
Utilities expense Total expenses
Net income
€900 600 250 200
SOFTBYTE SA
Retained Earnings Statement For the Month Ended September 30, 2017
Retained earnings, September 1 Add: Net income
Less: Dividends
€4,700
1,950 €2,750
€ 0 2,750 <-
2,750 1,300
€1.450
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SILESIAN UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL Of BUSINESS ADM1NIS1 RATION IN KARVJNA
Financial Statements
SOFTBYTE SA
Statement of Financial Position September 30, 2017
Assets
Equipment Supplies
Accounts receivable Cash
Total assets
Equity and Liabilities
Equity
Share capital—ordinary €15,000 Retained earnings 1.450 Liabilities Accounts payable
Total equity and liabilities
SOFTBYTE SA
Statement of Cash Flows For the Month Ended September 30, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities Cash receipts horn revenues Cash payments for expenses Net cash provided by operating activities Cash Hows from investing activities
Purchase of equipment Cash Hows from financing activities Sale of ordinary shares € 15,000
Payment of cash dividends (1,300) Net increase in cash
J
Cash at the beginning of the period h at the end of the period
€ 7,000 1,600 1,400 8,050
€18,050
€16,450
1,600 €18,050
€ 3,300 (1,950) 1.350
(7,000)
13,700
8,050
_0
€8,050
SILESIAN UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL Of BUSINESS AU.W1NIS1 RATION JN KARVINÁ
UNIVERSITY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AÜMINIS1 RATION IN KARVJNA
Thank you for your attention.