Prezentace předmětu:
Tourist attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World
Vyučující:
Ing. Patrik Kajzar, Ph.D.
Název
prezentace
Název projektu
Rozvoj vzdělávání na Slezské univerzitě v Opavě
Registrační číslo projektu
CZ.02.2.69/0.0./0.0/16_015/0002400
Logolink_OP_VVV_hor_barva_cz

6. Tourist attractions in the Western European countries
Předmět:
The Tourist Attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World
Tato přednáška byla vytvořena pro projekt„Rozvoj vzdělávání na Slezské univerzitě v Opavě“ Opavě
.

Geography of UK
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qLandforms of the United Kingdom (UK) include those found in the individual countries of England,
Scotland and Wales, and the constitutionally distinct region of Northern Ireland.
qEngland is divided central and north by the Pennines, a low mountain range that stretches for
almost (400 km), from Birmingham north into the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border.
qIn the far northwest corner of the country - within the Lake District - the highest point in the
county, Scafell Pike, stands at 978 m.
qIn the east-central region of the country, the Fens (or Fenlands) is a area of flat, low-lying
marshland drained for agricultural use. The lowest point in the country is found there, at -4
meters below sea level.
qWales is hilly, and for the most part, a mountainous country, dominated by the Cambrians, central
and north, and by the Brecon Beacons of the south.
qWithin the Cambrians, small mountain ranges include the Aran and Arennig, Glyderau, Moelwynion and
Tryfan. Here, more than a dozen peaks exceed 914 meters. The highest mountain in Wales, Mt.
Snowdon, rises to 1,085 meters.

Geography of UK
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qThe rough and tumble landscape of Scotland was once covered by glaciers during the Pleistocene Ice
Age. When those masses of ice retreated (or melted) they left in their wake a rocky, pockmarked
landscape of mountains and rolling hills, dozens of deep lakes, cold water rivers and streams.
qThe Northern Highlands are generally mountainous with many lofty peaks. This isolated area is
widely considered one of the most scenic spots in Europe.
qThe granite Grampian Mountains extend southwest to northeast, and include Scotland's (and the
UK's) highest point, Ben Nevis, at 1,344 meters.
qScotland has nearly 800 islands. The major groups include the Inner and Outer Hebrides, Orkney and
Shetland; most are hilly and rugged.
qThere are numerous bodies of inland freshwater including Loch Lomond and Loch Ness. The Tweed and
Clyde are the largest rivers.

Geography of UK
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qOccupying just over 17% of the island of Ireland, Northern Ireland is certainly crisscrossed by
uplands and low mountains, but its most prominent and arguably its most valuable landform is Lough
Neagh, the largest freshwater lake in the United Kingdom and one of the largest in western Europe.
qAs for those mountains, the major ranges include the Sperrin, Mourne, and the (volcanic in origin)
Antrim Plateau that stretches along its northeastern coastline. Slieve Donard in the Mourne
Mountains of the south is its highest point, rising to 850 meters.
qThe most striking feature of Northern Ireland is the so-called Giant's Causeway on the north
Antrim coast. This area of thousands of interlocking basalt columns is the byproduct of an ancient
volcanic eruption, with some of the columns reaching 12 meters high.
qTwo of the largest rivers, the Bann (north and south) and the Foyle, are fronted by fertile
lowland areas. Addition rivers of significance in Northern Ireland include the Logan and Mourne.

The main tourist attractions in England
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qStonehenge, 10 miles north of Salisbury on Salisbury Plain, is Europe's best-known prehistoric
monument (the site is so popular that visitors need to purchase a timed ticket in advance to
guarantee entry). Exhibitions at the excellent visitor center set the stage for a visit, explaining
through audio-visual experiences and more than 250 ancient objects how the megaliths were erected
and telling about life when they were placed here, between 3000 and 1500 BC.
qPrison, palace, treasure vault, observatory, and menagerie - the Tower of London has done it all.
Widely considered the most important building in England, there's enough to see and do at this
World Heritage Site to keep visitors busy for hours. The centerpiece is the White Tower. Built in
1078 by William the Conqueror, it's home to amazing exhibits such as Line of Kings, the world's
oldest visitor attraction (1652) with its remarkable displays of royal armor. Other highlights
include the wonderful Crown Jewels exhibition.
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The main tourist attractions in England
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qIf you only have time to visit one smaller city in England, you couldn't do much better than Bath.
This remarkably beautiful city boasts more fantastic tourist attractions than you could hope to
visit in a day. While most famous for the magnificent 2,000-year-old Roman Baths built around the
city's rejuvenating hot springs, it's equally well known for its honey-colored Georgian Townhouses
such as those located on Royal Crescent.
qWith collections of antiquities that are among the world's finest, the British Museum holds more
than 13 million artifacts from Assyria, Babylonia, Egypt, Greece, the Roman Empire, China, and
Europe. The most famous ancient artifacts are the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon in Athens and
the Rosetta Stone, but there are many other outstanding pieces on show here.
qThe magnificent York Minster is second in importance in the Church of England only to the
cathedral at Canterbury. It stands in the center of York, surrounded by half-timbered homes and
shops, medieval guildhalls, and churches. Elsewhere in Yorkshire, you'll find some of England's
most beautiful historic towns and cities, including Durham and Beverley.

The main tourist attractions in England
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qCovering some 900 square miles, the Lake District National Park is a must-visit destination for
travelers to England. With 12 of the country's largest lakes and more than 2,000 miles of rights of
way waiting to be explored, there's little wonder the region continues to inspire, with its
magnificent views and scenery straight out of a painting. Other things to do include visiting the
park's many fells, including Scafell Pike (3,210 feet), the highest mountain in England.
qThe incredible Eden Project is a collection of unique artificial biomes containing an amazing
collection of plants from around the world. Located in a reclaimed quarry in Cornwall, the complex
consists of huge domes that look rather like massive igloo-shaped greenhouses. Each houses
thousands of different plant species in tropical and Mediterranean environments.
qWarwick Castle is located in the beautiful city of Warwick on the River Avon, this impressive
fortress has dominated the landscape and history of the region for more than 900 years.

The main tourist attractions in Wales
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qThink of Wales, and you'll likely think of Snowdonia, the beautiful range of mountains and hills
located in the county of Gwynedd. Consisting of 14 majestic peaks over 3,000 feet high - the most
famous being the 3,546-foot Snowdon, the summit of which is accessible by train - Snowdonia can be
seen as far away as Porthmadog on the west coast. When you're here, it's easy to see why the area
has featured so heavily in local legends, including those based around King Arthur, who locals will
insist was Welsh. Snowdonia National Park is also one of the most popular hiking and climbing
destinations in Britain.
qBrecon Beacons National Park encompasses one of the most beautiful parts of Wales. This hiker's
paradise is bordered by two quite different sets of Black Mountains. The first, to the west, is the
source of the River Usk, while to the east is the range famous for its wild ponies.
qLocated 12 miles from the seaside town of Aberystwyth, Devil's Bridge is actually three bridges
spectacularly stacked atop each other, with the oldest dating from the 11th century. They span the
Rheidol Gorge, where the River Mynach plunges 300 feet into the valley far below.

The main tourist attractions in Wales
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qAfterward, visit Hafod Estate, 200 acres of lovingly restored woodlands and 18th-century gardens
once considered the finest in Britain.
qBuilt by King Edward I in the 13th century as a seat for the first Prince of Wales, Caernarfon
Castle is one of the largest castles in the country. With its 13 towers and two gates, this massive
castle is recognized as one of the most impressive and best-preserved medieval fortresses in
Europe.
qPortmeirion is a beautiful hotel resort and visitor attraction on the coast of Snowdonia National
Park in Gwynedd, North Wales. Built by Sir Clough Williams-Ellis between 1925 and 1975, Portmeirion
was designed to resemble a quaint Italian fishing village.
qIt took 10 years to design and build the aqueduct that carries the Llangollen Canal across the
wide valley of the River Dee in north east Wales, and it remains even today a feat of civil
engineering, designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
qSeparated from mainland Wales by the mile-wide Menai Strait - spanned by the Menai Suspension
Bridge (1818).

The main tourist attractions in Scotland
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qThe stone towers and walls of Edinburgh Castle have dominated the Edinburgh skyline since the 13th
century. Perched atop black basalt rock, it offers magnificent views of the city and a trip through
Scotland's tumultuous history. Highlights are the spectacular Crown Jewels; the famous Stone of
Destiny (the Stone of Scone); and St. Margaret's Chapel, built in 1130 and the oldest building in
Edinburgh. Enter the castle over a drawbridge across an old moat from the broad Esplanade, where
the famous Edinburgh Military Tattoo is held every August.
qBelow, the Royal Mile stretches down the steep escarpment to the elegant Palace of Holyroodhouse,
another of Edinburgh's most famous landmarks.
qIdyllic Loch Lomond, just a short drive northwest of Glasgow, is Britain's largest lake and,
according to author Walter Scott, "The Queen of Scottish Lakes."Boat trips are always popular, as
are lakeside rambles and longer treks up majestic Ben Lomond (3,192 feet), with its spectacular
views across the Trossachs National Park.

The main tourist attractions in Scotland
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qThink of Loch Ness, and you'll probably picture the mythical monster that, according to legend,
has made this 23-mile-long loch home for countless centuries. The largest body of water in
Scotland's Great Glen, Loch Ness is part of a waterway connecting the east and west coasts of
Scotland. The canal and each of the lochs is surrounded by some of the most beautiful highland
scenery, but no part is more scenic than Loch Ness itself, with the romantic ruins of Urquhart
Castle on its hillside above the water. Loch Ness Exhibition at Drumnadrochit Hotel also has
interesting information on the geological formation of Loch Ness and the surrounding area.
qFor more than 40 years, the Royal Yacht Britannia was a floating royal residence, traveling more
than 1,000,000 miles around the world.
qOne of Scotland's most visited attractions, the free Riverside Museum in Glasgow gathers together
the history of transportation by land and water in an eye-catching new venue. See trams,
locomotives, buses, horse-drawn carriages, and vintage cars, along with ships and other models.
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The main tourist attractions in North Ireland
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qFamed around the world for its columns of layered basalt, the Giant's Causeway is Northern
Ireland's only UNESCO World Heritage Site. These polygonal-shaped natural features were created by
a volcanic eruption 60 million years ago. Today, they are the prime focus of a designated Area of
Outstanding Natural Beauty.
qNaturally, most visitors' first stop along this scenic coast is the World Heritage-listed Giant's
Causeway. The surrounding coastline, however, is magnificent and shouldn't be bypassed. Many treats
await, including the beautiful beaches, dunes, and rolling waves at Portrush (where there's a
world-class golf course) and Portstewart. If you're feeling brave enough, either is perfect for a
bracing dip. An easy ten-minute drive west, through the picturesque village of Bushmills, brings
you to ruined medieval Dunluce Castle.
qA striking landmark, this star-shaped building representing the White Star Line logo traces
Belfast's maritime history and honors the story of the Titanic. Belfast was once the powerhouse of
British Empire shipbuilding, a fact that can't be missed in this part of the city.
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The main tourist attractions in North Ireland
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qIt's not just the North Antrim coastline that beguiles. Inland are the nine Glens of Antrim, each
exuding its own charm. Drive from Ballycastle towards Larne along the main A2 coast road, and
serene lakes, tumbling waterfalls, forest trails, and rolling hills await. Glenariff, the 'Queen of
the Glens', is the most famous of the nine. Along the way, notice the Glendun Bridge, an excellent
example of innovative design and construction. Ballypatrick Forest Park has a ten kilometer loop
drive around Carneighaneigh Mountain which is especially scenic.
q Around 20 minutes' drive from Belfast is the substantial town and port of Carrickfergus, home to
imposing Carrickfergus Castle. Nearby is the Andrew Jackson Centre, the reimagined ancestral home
of the 7th president of the USA.
qAround 15 minutes drive from Belfast city-center brings you to this 'living' museum designed to
show Ulster life more than 100 years ago. There are rebuilt labourers' cottages, working farms,
rural schools, and village shops as they once were, as well as 170 acres of parkland to explore.
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Geography of Belgium
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qThere are three main geographical regions to Belgium: the coastal plain, the central plateau, and
the Ardennes uplands.
qThe coastal area is a series of sandy beaches and polders, backed by protecting dunes.
qInland, up to the Meuse River, the land is generally flat, with numerous canals and dikes
protecting the land from the sea. It's criss-crossed by many small tributaries of the Schelde
River. Valley's, caves and small gorges can also be found in this area.
qEast of the Meuse, forested hilly conditions rise to the rugged and flat-topped mountains of the
Ardennes Region. The highest point is the Botrange, at (694m).

The main tourist attractions in Belgium
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qThe most recognizable sight in Belgium is the beautiful Belfry and Halle, which dominates the main
square in Bruges. Dating from the medieval era, this impressive building once functioned as the
main town market hall and has been wonderfully preserved allowing visitors a real taste of the
architectural might of the Middle Ages.
qThis majestic cathedral with its high Gothic choir and Romanesque crypt showcases the best of
religious architecture in Belgium and is Ghent's most outstanding tourist attraction. Although the
soaring building, with its harmonious stained glass windows, is a highlight in itself, most people
come here to see the famous artwork that graces the interior; specifically the Flemish masterpiece
known as The Altar of Ghent. Once you've viewed the painting though, don't miss the mammoth crypt
under the cathedral, which contains important tombs and some beautiful wall paintings.
qFor many visitors, Belgium's role on the front line of World War I, and in particular the
Battlefields of Flanders around Ypres are the main reason for a journey here.

The main tourist attractions in Belgium
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qGhent's Gravensteen - This hugely impressive fort was once the grand home of the counts of
Flanders who took their inspiration for castle-building from the bulky castles the Crusaders built
in Syria. Today, Gravensteen is one of Europe's best surviving examples of a moated fortress and
has been incredibly well-preserved.
qIf you're only going to visit one church in Bruges make it this one. The Basilica of the Holy
Blood is not only impressive for its blending of Romanesque and late Gothic architecture but also
for the sacred relic kept inside.
qThe Meuse Valley, in the south of the country, is one of the best places to get a feel for
Belgium's lush countryside. This is the perfect opportunity to take a trip along the river watching
the beautiful scenery unfurl; dense forests are interspersed with cutesy towns backed by limestone
cliffs. In particular, the towns of Namur and Dinant act as a gateway to this region, which has a
host of hiking and cycling trails for travelers who want to add some activities into their holiday.
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The main tourist attractions in Belgium
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qRight in the core of Antwerp, sits the town's wonderful Grand Place (also known as the Grote
Markt), which contains some of Belgium's finest examples of guild house architecture with their
typical steeple-roofed shape. The Town Hall here is a well-preserved example of 16th-century
construction, and the interior is worth viewing for its collection of paintings that show Antwerp's
history. The guild houses that still rim the plaza are the major reason to visit the Grote Markt
though.
qThe old town of Mons is a delight to explore. At the center is the Grand Place, a main square
graced by a variety of typically ornate buildings that span a 400-year period. In particular, the
Toison d'Or House (1615) and the Chapel of St. George (1604) are architectural highpoints. The
UNESCO-listed bell tower on the hill above town and the Church of Sainte-Waudru with its interior
crammed full of artistic and religious relics are two of the most important attractions.
qYes, history fans, it is that Waterloo; the place where Napoleon was defeated in the famous
battle.

Geography of Netherlands
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qThe Netherlands is a very flat country with almost 25% of its land at, or below sea level.
qLow rolling hills cover some of the central area, and in the far south, the land rises into the
foothills of the Ardennes Mountains. Vaalserberg, the country's highest point is located there,
rising to 322 m.
qStretched along the northern coastline, the West Frisian Islands continue on to the northeast,
becoming the German East Frisian Islands. These barrier islands, separated from the mainland by the
Waddenzee, provide a small level of protection from the North Sea.
qThe Netherlands is crossed by hundreds of miles of navigable canals. One of the most important is
the North Sea Canal, as it enables ocean-going ships to reach the port of Amsterdam.
q Water, water everywhere, as the central and southern Netherlands are positioned at the delta of
four major rivers, including the Rijn, Mass, Scheldt and Waal.
qThe countrys largest lakes, Ijsselmeer and Markermeer are both manmade, created by dikes.

The main tourist attractions in Netherlands
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qLike Venice, that other famous city built on water, the one enduring memory any visitor to
Amsterdam will have is of time spent exploring the city's wonderful canals. While many of
Amsterdam's best tourist attractions can be easily accessed by boat tour or water taxi - including
most of the major museums and art galleries.
qThink of the Netherlands, and you'll inevitably think of tulips, the country's most popular
flower. And there's nowhere better to enjoy its rich floral bounty than at the Keukenhof, otherwise
known as the Garden of Europe. On the outskirts of Lisse, in what's widely considered the "bulb
belt" of the Netherlands, Keukenhof is the largest public garden in the world encompassing more
than 70 acres of what was once the former kitchen (or "keuken") garden of a large country estate.
qThe spectacular Rijksmuseum (aka the Dutch National Museum) in Amsterdam has been collecting rare
art and antiquities since 1809. Not surprisingly, its extensive collection today amounts to nearly
seven million works of art, including 5,000 paintings in more than 250 rooms, as well as a vast
library with some 35,000 books.

The main tourist attractions in Netherlands
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qYou may be surprised to learn that the Netherlands, a relatively small country, boasts one of the
world's most diverse national park programs. The largest is Hoge Veluwe National Park between
Arnhem and Apeldoorn. Covering nearly 13,800 acres, this national park is the largest continuous
nature reserve in the country, as well as being one of the most popular day trip destinations for
locals and visitors alike.
qThe Anne Frank Museum is a must-see when in Amsterdam. On Prinsengracht, in the home where Anne's
family hid for much of WWII (they were Jewish refugees from Frankfurt), is where this remarkable
girl wrote her famous diary.
qOn the River Noord between Rotterdam and Dordrecht is the famous village of Kinderdijk
("Children's Dike"), which takes its name from an incident during the St. Elizabeth's Day flood of
1421 after a child's cradle had been stranded on the dike. The big draw these days are the
fantastically preserved 18th-century windmills. Now UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the 19 Kinderdijk
windmills are the largest surviving concentration of windmills in the Netherlands.
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The main tourist attractions in Netherlands
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qAs befits one of the world's greatest artists, the spectacular Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam is
ranked an impressive 35th in the top art museums globally, attracting almost 1.5 million visitors
each year.
qFor those looking for a little ancient history, the Netherlands is not without its own medieval
(and earlier) attractions. Romantic little Valkenburg, in the picturesque Geul Valley, boasts the
country's only hilltop castle. Long a popular holiday resort, the town's other big draws are its
many caves and the spa facilities at Thermae 2000, one of the largest such establishments in the
Netherlands. In addition to the ruins of the 12th-century castle on Dwingelrots (Castle Rock),
there's also the interesting 14th-century St. Nicolaaskerk Basilica. Another highlight is the
town's famous Christmas Market.
qZeeland's Spectacular Dikes - Incorporating the deltas of the Rhine, the Maas, and the Schelde
Rivers, Zeeland includes the numerous islands and peninsulas of the southwestern section of the
Netherlands.

Geography of  Luxembourg
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qLuxembourg is a landlocked country of thick, green forests that cover rolling hills and low
mountains.
qThe northern region, (Oesling) is a ridged plateau, with land that suffers from bad soil
composition, and remains (for the most part) unproductive.
qSlicing across the northern border with Belgium are the Andrennes (low mountains), while the
southern region of Gotland is blessed with fertile soil and nourishing rivers.
qLuxembourg's highest point, Burgplatz, stands at (559m).
qImportant rivers include the Alzette, Eisch, Moselle, Our and Sure.

The main tourist attractions in Luxembourg
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qThere's no better place to begin exploring beautiful Luxembourg City than in its historic Old
Quarter. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, the city's ancient fortifications made it
one of the most important of Europe's cities. The fortress was so impregnable it was dubbed the
"Gibraltar of the North," and although the original fortress was dismantled between 1867-1883, its
impact upon the Old Quarter is evident everywhere.
qNational Museum of History and Art, Luxembourg City - f you were to judge Luxembourg City on the
quality of its museums - never mind its status as one of Europe's most historically important
cities - it would still rank extremely high on the list of the continent's must-see cities. Topping
the list is the National Museum of History and Art. In the historic Fish Market area (the old town
center), the MNHA collections - art objects, archeological finds, furniture, tools, coins, arms,
and documents dealing with the history of the country - are housed in a stunning new building.

The main tourist attractions in Luxembourg
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qLuxembourg's Bock cliff, with its fortifications and cannon-loopholes, is where you'll find the
entrance to the famous Casemates, a 21-kilometer network of underground passages hewn from solid
rock. Capable of sheltering thousands of defenders as well as equipment, horses, workshops,
kitchens, and slaughterhouses, the Casements cover an impressive 40,000 square meters.
qThe spectacular Walls of the Corniche in Luxembourg City have been called "the most beautiful
balcony in Europe," towering as they do over the old city in the river valley below. It's here,
you'll find the big Gate of the Grund dating from 1632.
qLuxembourg's Place Guillaume, one of the city's largest open spaces, is the former site of a
Franciscan convent that has since been converted into a pedestrian zone. In the center is the
equestrian statue of William II, King of Holland and Grand Duke of Luxembourg. It's also where
you'll find the lovely Town Hall and the famous Trémont's lions. Nearby is the 16th-century House
of Raville with its beautiful façade, well-restored balcony, and spiral staircase.

The main tourist attractions in Luxembourg
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qEchternach and its Benedictine Abbey - The beautiful town of Echternach lies on the bank of the
River Sûre, which forms the border with Germany. The Mullerthal and Germano-Luxembourg natural park
are nearby, and the surrounding woods are crisscrossed with hundreds of footpaths leading to
spectacular rock formations, waterfalls, and viewpoints. Echternach is also famous for its
international music festival, which runs from late May to late June.
qThe Luxembourg Ardennes -The area - famous as the place where Hitler staged his last great
campaign of WWII - boasts numerous castles, fortresses, and fortified farms rising out of the
hilltops. One of the prettiest towns, Wiltz, consists of an upper and lower town and is famous for
its open-air theater and music festival. There's also a Battle of the Bulge Museum in Wiltz Castle
(another WWII-themed museum of note in the Ardennes is the Patton Museum and monument in
Ettelbruck). The quaint village of Clervaux is also worth checking out. While the village lies amid
a deep and narrow valley beside the river Clerve, its Benedictine Abbey of St. Maurice and St.
Maur.

The main tourist attractions in Luxembourg
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qBourscheid Castle - The village of Bourscheid stands high on a plateau and is bordered by the
rivers Sûre and Wark. Here, you'll find excellent views and many pleasant walks to other quaint
villages, including Michelau in the Sûre Valley, Welscheid in the Wark Valley, and Kehmen on the
platea.
qMondorf-les-Bains and the Moselle-  One of the newest attractions here is Mondorf le Domaine
Thermal, a large spa complex that houses a health center, sports and leisure club, and hotel. The
complex's thermal installations are fed by springs supplying a mineral water of 24°C that is famous
for its medicinal qualities. Afterwards, stroll through Mondorf Park with its large collection of
trees, shrubs, and flowerbeds. Other highlights include 18th-century St. Michael's Church with its
furniture and frescoes; the Castel, a little Roman fortress transformed into a hermitage during the
Middle Ages; and the Art Nouveau houses.
qUpper Sûre Natural Park consists of plateaus, narrow valleys with wooded slopes, and the lake of
the Upper Sûre dam. The park is great for leisure activities and watersports, as well as for its
wildlife and ecotourism.

Selected sources:
qHAMARNEH, I., 2008. Geografie cestovního ruchu. Evropa. Plzeň: Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš
Čeněk, s.r.o. ISBN 978–80-7380-093-2
qHRALA, V., 2013. Geografie cestovního ruchu. Praha: Idea servis. ISBN 978-80-859-7079-1.
qNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, 2011. 100 Countries, 5,000 Ideas: Where to Go, When to Go, What to
See, What to Do. National Geographic Society. ISBN 978-14-262-075-87.
qTravel Guides by the Experts available from http://www.planetware.com/
qUNESCO, 2009. World Heritage Sites: A Complete Guide to 878 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Firefly
Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-463-1.
qWorld Atlas available from https://www.worldatlas.com/
q
q

Thank you for your attention