Prezentace předmětu:
Tourist attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World
Vyučující:
Ing. Patrik Kajzar, Ph.D.
Název
prezentace
Název projektu
Rozvoj vzdělávání na Slezské univerzitě v Opavě
Registrační číslo projektu
CZ.02.2.69/0.0./0.0/16_015/0002400
Logolink_OP_VVV_hor_barva_cz

1.Introduction to the theory of tourism
Předmět:
The Tourist attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World
Tato přednáška byla vytvořena pro projekt„Rozvoj vzdělávání na Slezské univerzitě v Opavě“ Opavě

Introduction to the theory of tourism
qThe word tourist was used in 1772 and tourism in 1811.
q It is formed from the word tour, which is derived from Old English turian, from Old French
torner, from Latin tornare; 'to turn on a lathe,' which is itself from Ancient Greek tornos
(τόρνος); 'lathe‚.
qTourism is important, even vital, source of income for many regions and countries.
qThe service industries which benefit from tourism include transportation services, such as
airlines, cruise ships, and taxicabs; hospitality services, such as accommodations, including
hotels and resorts; and entertainment venues, such as amusement parks, casinos, shopping malls,
music venues, and theaters.
qThis is in addition to goods bought by tourists, including souvenirs.

Introduction to the theory of tourism
qTourism is a major economic activity in the European Union with wide-ranging impact on economic
growth, employment, and social development.
q It can be a powerful tool in fighting economic decline and unemployment.
qNevertheless the tourism sector faces a series of challenges.
qThe travel and tourism industry is one of the world’s largest industries with a global economic
contribution (direct, indirect and induced) of over 7.6 trillion U.S. dollars in 2016.
qThe direct economic impact of the industry, including accommodation, transportation, entertainment
and attractions, was approximately 2.3 trillion U.S. dollars that year.
qA number of countries, such as France and the United States, are consistently popular tourism
destinations.

The Tourism definitions
qA pioneer of the travel agency business, Thomas Cook's idea to offer excursions came to him while
waiting for the stagecoach on the London Road at Kibworth.
qWith the opening of the extended Midland Counties Railway, he arranged to take a group of 540
temperance campaigners from Leicester Campbell Street station to a rally in Loughborough, eleven
miles (18 km) away.
qOn 5 July 1841, Thomas Cook arranged for the rail company to charge one shilling per person; this
included rail tickets and food for the journey.
qIn 1936, the League of Nations defined a foreign tourist as "someone traveling abroad for at least
twenty-four hours".
qIts successor, the United Nations, amended this definition in 1945, by including a maximum stay of
six months.
q

The Tourism definitions
qTourists have a wide range of budgets and tastes, and a wide variety of resorts and hotels have
developed to cater for them.
q For example, some people prefer simple beach vacations, while others want more specialised
holidays, quieter resorts, family-oriented holidays, or niche market-targeted destination hotels.
qThe developments in technology and transport infrastructure, such as jumbo jets, low-cost
airlines, and more accessible airports have made many types of tourism more affordable.

The Tourism definitions, the tourism divisions
qAlthough many of us have been "tourists" at some point in our lives, defining what tourism
actually is can be difficult.
qTourism is the activities of people traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment for leisure, business or other purposes for not more than one consecutive year.
qOutbound Tourism
üOutbound tourism is what you may be most familiar with. It involves the people going from British
Columbia to other provinces, territories or countries. For example, going to England for a holiday
is considered outbound tourism.
qInbound Tourism
üThe tourists coming to Czech Republic from other places are called inbound tourists. Czech
Republic competes in a global market to attract tourists from the United States, Japan, Germany,
Poland, Slovak Republic and many other countries.

The tourism division
qDomestic Tourism
üApproximately half of the tourists in BC each year are actually from within the province.  BC
Stats and Destination BC consider those travelling beyond their usual environment (typically more
than 80 km from home) for business or for pleasure to be tourists.
qThe contribution of tourism to economic well-being depends on the quality and the ‎revenues of the
tourism offer.
qUNWTO assists destinations in their sustainable ‎positioning in ever more complex national and
international markets.
qAs the UN agency ‎dedicated to tourism, UNWTO points out that particularly developing countries
stand to ‎benefit from sustainable tourism and acts to help make this a reality.

The tourism potential
qThe determination of what is tourism potential is a central question that must be answered before
model development can occur.
qIt is not an easy concept to define because tourism potential, like the industry itself, is quite
subjective and open to personal preferences.
qSite-based potential was derived from the digital data itself, the Integrated Resource Management
data in particular; the potential to draw tourists can be directly linked to natural resources such
as scenic beauty that an area offers.
q The tourism potential is represented by varied relief, by a dense network of rivers and lakes, a
rich fauna and a very diverse vegetation zones, and secondly, by the historical and architectural
monuments of a invaluable value, elements that attract the attention of many tourists from all over
the world.

Types and Specific forms of Tourism
qThe types of tourism are dynamic in time, they vary a lot.
qThe types of tourism presented in a given period are generated by the needs of its objectives, the
level of cultural and social facilities and the existing means of transport.
qIn accordance with the purposes, each type of tourism is going towards those areas where the
purpose may be achieved either through the potential facilities, either due to the climate or
specific traditions of the place.
qIn general, one may distinguish selected types of tourism:
üRelaxing tourism;
üRelaxing and health care tourism;
üVisiting tourism; Transit tourism;
üProfessional tourism.

Types and Specific forms of Tourism
qvolunteer tourism - the destination is chosen by free will of the beneficiary of tourist services
(tourism, relaxation, visiting tourism, and reduced distance tourism - for leisure);
qforced tourism - the destination is chosen from various requirements by others (tourism,
relaxation and health care - on the medical recommendation, transit tourism – out of the need of
transportation objectives, professional tourism - at the request of the unit where the beneficent
of tourism services is working)
qUnlike the types of tourism, the forms of tourism represent the way to conduct the tourism
depending on the causes and the external influences.
qThe forms of tourism have as their differentiation the properties of tourism.

Types and Specific forms of Tourism
qWe distinguish several forms of tourism based on the following criteria:
The criteria of the initial area and the destination:
qa) Domestic tourism;
qb) International Tourism
The criteria of the initial area and the destination:
qa) Domestic tourism;
qb) International Tourism
Organizational criterion:
qa) Organized tourism;
qb) Unorganized tourism;
qc) Semi-organized tourism.

Types and Specific forms of Tourism
The criteria of transportation vehicles:
qa) Tourism by train;
qb) Tourism by car;
qc) Marine tourism;
qd) Air tourism;
qe) Other forms of tourism (cycling, walking, etc.).
Criterion of the age and occupation of the tourist:
qa) Youth Tourism;
qb) Specific to adults tourism;
qc) Specific for older generation tourism
The criterion for the type of destination:
qa) Mountain tourism;  b) Season tourism;   c) Other

Specific forms of Tourism
qNiche tourism refers to the numerous specialty forms of tourism that have emerged over the years,
each with its own adjective.
qMany of these terms have come into common use by the tourism industry and academics.
qOthers are emerging concepts that may or may not gain popular usage. Examples of the more common
niche tourism markets are:
üAgritourism or agrotourism, as it is defined most broadly, involves any agriculturally based
operation or activity that brings visitors to a farm or ranch. Agritourism includes a wide variety
of activities, including buying produce direct from a farm stand, navigating a corn maze, slopping
hogs, picking fruit, feeding animals, or staying at a bed and breakfast (B&B) on a farm.

Specific forms of Tourism
qDark tourism (also black tourism or grief tourism) has been defined as tourism involving travel to
places historically associated with death and tragedy. More recently, it was suggested that the
concept should also include reasons tourists visit that site, since the site's attributes alone may
not make a visitor a "dark tourist" . Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park in Japanm Chernobyl in Ukraine
and the commercial activity at Ground Zero in New York one year after September 11, 2001.
qCulinary tourism or food tourism is the exploration of food as the purpose of tourism. It is now
considered a vital component of the tourism experience. Dining out is common among tourists and
"food is believed to rank alongside climate, accommodation, and scenery" in importance to tourists.
qCultural Tourism (or culture tourism) is the subset of tourism concerned with a traveler's
engagement with a country or region's culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those
geographical areas, the history of those people, their art, architecture….

Specific forms of Tourism
qGay tourism or LGBT tourism is a form of niche tourism marketed to gay, lesbian, bisexual and
transgender (LGBT) people.
qMedical tourism refers to people traveling to a country other than their own to obtain medical
treatment. In the past this usually referred to those who traveled from less-developed countries to
major medical centers in highly developed countries for treatment unavailable at home.
qReligious tourism, also commonly referred to as faith tourism[1], is a type of tourism, where
people travel individually or in groups for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure (fellowship)
purposes. The world's largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the annual Hajj
pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia….
qWildlife tourism is an element of many nations' travel industry centered around observation and
interaction with local animal and plant life in their natural habitats.

Specific forms of Tourism
qWellness tourism is travel for the purpose of promoting health and well-being through physical,
psychological, or spiritual activities. While wellness tourism is often correlated with medical
tourism because health interests motivate the traveler, wellness tourists are proactive in seeking
to improve or maintain health and quality of life, often focusing on prevention, while medical
tourists generally travel reactively to receive treatment for a diagnosed disease or condition.
qWar tourism is recreational travel to active or former war zones for purposes of sightseeing or
historical study. War tourist is also a pejorative term to describe thrill seeking in dangerous and
forbidden places.
qSports tourism refers to travel which involves either observing or participating in a sporting
event. staying apart from their usual environment. Sport tourism is a fast-growing sector of the
global travel industry. Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup, F1 Grand Prix.

Specific forms of Tourism
qA virtual tour is a simulation of an existing location, usually composed of a sequence of videos
or still images. It may also use other multimedia elements such as sound effects, music, narration,
and text. It is distinguished from the use of live television to affect tele-tourism.
qSlum tourism, or ghetto tourism is a type of tourism that involves visiting impoverished areas.
Originally focused on the slums of London and Manhattan in the 19th century, slum tourism is now
becoming increasingly prominent in many places, including South Africa, India, Brazil, Kenya,
Indonesia, Detroit, and others.
qSpace Tourism. There has been a limited amount of orbital space tourism, with only the Russian
Space Agency providing transport to date.

Selected sources:
qHALL, M.C. and S. J. PAGE, 2014. The Geography of tourism and Recreation: Environment, Place and
Space. Oxford: Routledge. ISBN 978-04-158-3399-8.
qHUDMAN, L.E. and R.H. JACKSON, 2002. Geography of Travel and Tourism. Delmar Cengage Learning.
ISBN 978-07-668-325-65.
qKAJZAR, P., 2015. Vybrané kapitoly z geografie cestovního ruchu. Karviná: SU OPF. ISBN
978-80-7510-156-3.
qSTEVES, R. and H. VIHAN, 2015. Prague and the Czech Republic. Rick Steves. ISBN 978-16-312-105-56.
q
q

Thank you for your attention