Prezentace předmětu:
Tourist attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World
Vyučující:
Ing. Patrik Kajzar, Ph.D.
Název
prezentace
Název projektu
Rozvoj vzdělávání na Slezské univerzitě v Opavě
Registrační číslo projektu
CZ.02.2.69/0.0./0.0/16_015/0002400
Logolink_OP_VVV_hor_barva_cz

7. Tourist attractions in the Southern European countries
Předmět:
The Tourist Attractions in the Czech Republic and in the World
Tato přednáška byla vytvořena pro projekt„Rozvoj vzdělávání na Slezské univerzitě v Opavě“ Opavě
.

Geography of Portugal
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qMountains and high hills cover the northern third of Portugal, including an extension of the
Cantabrian Mountains from Spain.
qThe mainland's highest point is a peak in the Serra da Estrela, at 6,532 ft. (1,991m). Portugal's
lowest point is along the Atlantic Ocean coastline.
qPortugal's overall highest point (Pico Volcano ) is located in the Azores (an autonomous region)
on the island of Pico. It stands at (2,351 m).
q Further south and west, the land slopes to rolling hills and lowlands, and a broad coastal plain.
qThe Algarve region in the far-south features mostly rolling plains, a few scattered mountains and
some islands and islets. It's coastline is notable for limestone caves and grottoes.
qMajor rivers in Portugal include the Douro, Guadiana, Mondego and the Tagus. There are no inland
lakes, as water surfaces of size are dam-originated reservoirs.

The main tourist attractions in Portugal
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qMosteiro dos Jerónimos, Lisbon - The Mosteiro dos Jerónimos is one of the country's most cherished
and revered buildings, and a "must see' on every tourist's agenda. The church and monastery embody
the spirit of the age, and feature some of the finest examples of Manueline architecture found
anywhere in Portugal; the beautifully embellished decoration found on the South Portal is
breathtaking.
qArguably Portugal's most popular and family-friendly visitor attraction, Lisbon's oceanarium is
brilliantly conceived to highlight the world's diverse ocean habitats. This is one of Europe's best
and largest oceanariums, containing a vast array of fish and marine animals.
qPalácio Nacional de Sintra, Lisbon Coast - Nestling in the lap of a wooded mountain range,
Sintra's stunning location is reason enough to visit this charming, verdant town. Indeed, UNESCO
acknowledges the destination as a World Heritage cultural landscape such is its beauty and the
significance of the collection of historic visitor attractions clustered in and around the old
town, Sintra Velha.
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The main tourist attractions in Portugal
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q Kayaking the Lisbon Coast -Taking to the sea by kayak to explore the Lisbon coast makes for a
rewarding maritime excursion. Beyond the area, the crystal clear waters off the Serra da Arrábida
Natural Park, which encompass places like Setubal and Sesimbra, comprise a unique landscape of
magnificent, ancient sea cliffs that teem with birdlife.
qOne of Portugal's best-loved historic monuments and a Lisbon icon, the Torre de Belém stands as a
symbol of the Age of Discovery and the voyages of exploration undertaken in the 15th and 16th
centuries.
qDominating the charming riverside town of Tomar is a mighty castle that shields the Convento do
Cristo, one of Portugal's standout historic attractions.
qBom Jesus do Monte, Portugal's grandest religious sanctuary, is located on a wooded slope six
kilometers east of Braga and is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in the country.
qThe Serra do Gerês is a mountain range of breathtaking beauty found in northern Portugal's remote
Minho region. Set within the glorious Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês, one of the top places to
visit in Portugal.
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The main tourist attractions in Portugal
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qThe Universidade de Coimbra is Portugal's oldest seat of learning, founded in 1290 by King Dinis.
Acknowledged by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, the historic buildings of the Velha Universidade,
or old Coimbra University, surround a beautiful colonnaded central square, the Paço das Escolas.
qLisbon is blessed with some truly world-class museums, and one of the finest is the Museu Calouste
Gulbenkian.
qGuimarães was once the capital of the kingdom of "Portucale." Recognized by UNESCO as a World
Heritage Site for its collection of historic monuments grouped in and around the old town center,
it is the Castelo de Guimarães that best symbolizes the role played by the town in defining the
nation's culture and tradition - it even appears on the Portuguese coat of arms.
qIts commanding position crowning a hill and overlooking Lisbon's bustling Baixa (downtown)
district defines Castelo de São Jorge as the city's most visible historic monument.

Geography of Spain
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qOccupying most of the Iberian Peninsula's land area (approximately 85%), Spain is the third
largest country in Europe and 45% is covered by the Meseta Plateau.
qThat plateau is rarely flat, and is in reality a mostly hilly highland area divided by the
Cordillera Central (mountains), and then ringed by additional mountain ranges, north, east and
south. In the west the Meseta slopes gently down into neighboring Portugal.
qSignificant mountains in Spain include the limestone Cordillera Cantabrica and rugged Sistema
Iberico (north); massive Pyrenees (northeast) where many peaks exceed 3,000 meters; the deeply
eroded and rocky Sierra de Cuenca(east), and the lower Montes de Toledo and Serrania de Cuenca
(south-central).
qIn the far south the mountains of the Cordillera Betica and Sierra Nevada dominate the landscape.
Mainland Spain's highest point (Mulhacen at 3,481 meters) stands in the Sierra Nevada.
qIn the far south, the Strait of Gibraltar separates Spain and Europe from Morocco (Africa), and
here, the two continents are only 13 km (8 miles) apart.
qThe country is drained by an estimated 1,500 rivers (mostly small). The longest and most
significant riversinclude the Douro (Duero), Ebro, Jucar, Tagus (Tejo), Guadiana and Guadalquivir.

The main tourist attractions in Spain
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qThe Alhambra and Generalife Gardens, Granada -this Moorish pleasure palace will still take your
breath away. The Nasrid dynasty's royal palace is the artistic highlight of Spain's Islamic period,
when Al-Andalus - as they called Andalucía - represented the epitome of culture and civilization in
Europe's Middle Ages.
q Barcelona's Sagrada Familia and Gaudi Sites - Antoni Gaudi took the architectural style known as
Art Nouveau a step farther, even, some have argued, into absurdity. You may search in vain for
absolute straight lines in Gaudi's Casa Milà, his last and most famous secular work; it resembles a
piece of sculpture more than a functional building. Be sure to ascend to its roof - the chimneys
are said to have inspired the image of Darth Vader from Star Wars.
qThe Great Mosque of Cordoba (Mezquita) - Once the principal mosque of western Islam and still
known as the Mezquita, Cordoba's mosque is one of the largest in the world and the finest
achievement of Moorish architecture in Spain.

The main tourist attractions in Spain
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q The Prado and Paseo del Artes, Madrid - The Prado alone ranks with the world's top art museums
for the riches of its collections. But add the Reina Sofia National Art Museum, the
Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, and the CaixaForum, all along Madrid's mile-long, tree-shaded boulevard,
and you have what may be the world's highest concentration of priceless art treasures.
q San Lorenzo de El Escorial - San Lorenzo de El Escorial, about 45 kilometers northwest of Madrid,
was the summer home of Spain's kings, and in 1563, work was begun there on a huge complex, which
would include a monastery, church, royal palace, mausoleum, library, and museum, all conceived as a
monument to Philip II and his reign.
qGuggenheim Museum, Bilbao - You really have to see this building to believe it - no photograph has
ever done justice to this symphony of shapes, so alive that they seem ready to take wing. American
architect Frank Gehry used blocks of limestone and undulating sheets of titanium to turn the notion
of modern architecture on its ear.
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The main tourist attractions in Spain
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q Seville Cathedral and Alcazar -La Giralda tower, Seville Cathedral, and the Alcazar combine to
form a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The tower is a minaret, a "masterpiece of Almohad architecture,"
according to UNESCO. The cathedral has more interior space than St. Peter's in Rome and a 37-meter
main altar of carved statues completely covered in gold.
q Santiago de Compostela Cathedral - he magnificent cathedral of Santiago (St. James) was built to
house and honor the relics of the saint, and it has been the goal of pilgrims since the Middle
Ages, the culmination of their completing the famed Camino de Santiago.
qThe throbbing heartbeat of Spain's vibrant capital city, Plaza Mayor has played an important part
in Madrid life since the 16th century, when Philip II entrusted the task of designing it to his
favorite architect Juan de Herrera, builder of the Escorial.
qCiudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Valencia - Europe's largest oceanographic aquarium,
L'Oceanogràfic, was built in the shape of a water lily with buildings dedicated to different
aquatic environments from the tropics to the poles.
qCosta del Sol Beaches
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Geography of France
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qFrance, the second largest country in Europe, is partially covered central, north and west by a
relatively flat plain that's punctuated by some time-worn low rolling hills and mountains.
qRugged cliffs front its coastline along the English Channel. There, to the northwest of Caen, the
Cotentin Peninsula shields the Channel Islands, while a bit further to the west, the Brittany
Peninsula juts into the Atlantic Ocean. Assorted coastal islands dot the western coastline south of
Brest, where white-sandy beaches stretch along the Atlantic Ocean to the border with Spain.
qA few scattered islands are found along the pebbled beaches of the Mediterranean coast. Corsica, a
mountainous island and the country's largest island, is located 160 km (99 miles) southeast of
Nice.
qMountains dominate eastern, south central and southern France, including the snowcapped Alps that
stretch along its border with Italy, then on into Switzerland and across southern Europe. The
country's highest point, and the second highest point in Europe is located here; Mont Blanc at
(4,807m).
qThe country is drained by dozens and dozens of rivers. The longest river in France is the Loire at
(1,020 km) in length. Other significant rivers include the Garonne, Lot, Rhine, Rhone Seine..
q

The main tourist attractions in France
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qThe symbol of Paris, the Eiffel Tower is one of the world's most famous landmarks. This feat of
ingenuity is a structure of 8,000 metallic parts, designed by Gustave Eiffel as a temporary exhibit
for the World Fair of 1889.
qIn the former royal palace of French Kings, the Louvre is an incomparable museum that ranks among
the top European collections of fine arts. Many of Western Civilization's most famous works are
found here including the Mona Lisa by Leonardo DaVinci, the Wedding Feast at Cana by Veronese, and
the 1st-century-BC Venus de Milo sculpture.
qMore than just a royal residence, Versailles was designed to show off the glory of the French
monarchy. "Sun King" Louis XIV transformed his father's small hunting lodge into an opulent palace
with a sumptuous Baroque interior. The palace became Louis XIV's symbol of absolute power and set
the standard for princely courts in Europe.
qThe most fashionable stretch of coastline in France, the Côte d'Azur is synonymous with glamour.
The Côte d'Azur translates to "Coast of Blue," named after the mesmerizing deep blue color of the
Mediterranean Sea. Also known as the French Riviera, the Côte d'Azur extends from Saint-Tropez to
Menton near the border with Italy.
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The main tourist attractions in France
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qRising dramatically out of the sea on the coast of Normandy, Mont Saint-Michel is one of France's
most striking landmarks. This "Pyramid of the Seas" is a mystical sight, perched on a rocky islet
and surrounded by walls and bastions. At high tide, Mont-Saint-Michel is an island. At low tide, it
is possible to walk across the sand to the Mont. The main tourist attraction, the Abbaye de
Saint-Michel was founded in 708 by the Archbishop Aubert of Avranches after the Archangel Michael
appeared to him in a vision.
q Loire Valley Châteaux - Traveling through the Loire Valley feels like turning the pages of a
children's storybook. Throughout the enchanting countryside of woodlands and river valleys are
fairy-tale castles complete with moats and turreted towers. The entire area of the Loire Valley, a
lush area known as the "Garden of France," is listed as a UNESCO.
qFor more than eight centuries, the magnificence of Chartres Cathedral has inspired the faithful.
Some say this breathtaking beauty of Chartres has restored belief in the doubtful. The
UNESCO-listed cathedral exemplifies the glory of medieval Gothic architecture.
qBiarritz is a fashionable beach town on the beautiful Bay of Biscay in France's Basque country.
This celebrated seaside resort has an elegant and aristocratic air; it was a favorite destination
of Empress Eugénie, wife of Napoleon III.
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The main tourist attractions in France
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qProvence is a gorgeous landscape of olive groves, sun-drenched rolling hills, and deep purple
lavender fields, with little villages nestled in the valleys and perched on rocky outcrops. The
vibrant scenery has enchanted many famous artists, including Cézanne, Matisse, Chagall, and
Picasso.
qThe awesome spectacle of Mont Blanc in the French Alps is an unforgettable sight. The highest
mountain peak in Europe, Mont Blanc forms part of the French border with Italy. Beneath its
heavenly peak is the traditional alpine village of Chamonix, nestled in a high-mountain valley.
q Some of the prettiest villages in France are tucked away in the green, rolling hills of Alsace,
where the Vosges Mountains border the Rhine River of Germany. Many of the villages have won
France's "Villages Fleuris" award for their lovely floral decorations, such as Obernai, with its
characteristic burghers' houses; the charming little village of Ribeauvillé; the "town of art and
history" Guebwiller; and the captivating medieval village of Bergheim.
qWith its turreted towers and crenellated ramparts, Carcassonne seems straight out of a fairy-tale
scene.
qBrittany is a beautiful historic region on the northeastern coast of France. The quintessential
Breton port is Saint-Malo surrounded by ancient walls. Quimper is a picture-postcard historic town
with handsome half-timbered houses, pleasant squares, and an impressive Gothic cathedral. Nantes
has a spectacular château
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Geography of Monaco
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qAs the second-smallest independent state in the world, after the Vatican City, Monaco is a very
hilly, rugged and rocky country.
qMonaco sits on the Mediterranean Coast, and is almost entirely urban. The highest point is Mont
Agel, which rises to (140 m).

The main tourist attractions in Monaco
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qMonte-Carlo - Monte Carlo is the district with the most glamorous atmosphere, in a setting of
stunning natural beauty. Monte-Carlo is intersected by two elegant boulevards, the Boulevard
Princesse Charlotte in the west and the Boulevard des Moulins at its southwestern end. There are
many fashionable shopping streets, such as the Avenue de la Costa with its luxury boutiques. The
Opera House is also in this district.
qIn a unique position high above the sea on the picturesque peninsula of Le Rocher, the Palais du
Prince is home to the oldest monarchy in the world.
qThe Musée Oceanographique lies in a spectacular location on Le Rocher, almost 90 meters above sea
level.
qDelight the senses with a visit to Monaco's Jardin Exotique. The garden lies in the Fontvieille
area (the more modern section) of Monaco outside of the historic center.
qThis Roman-Byzantine-style cathedral was constructed out of striking white stones from nearby La
Turbie.
qOverlooking the serene blue waters of the Mediterranean Sea, Les Jardins Saint-Martin lie near the
Musée Océanographique and would be an ideal complement to visiting the museum.

Geography of Italy
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qMainland Italy extends southward into the Mediterranean Sea as a large boot-shaped peninsula. This
extension of land has forced the creation of individual bodies of water, namely the Adriatic Sea,
Ionian Sea, Ligurian Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea
qThe northern reaches of the country are dominated by varied ranges of the Alps, a massive stretch
of mountains that extends from France to Austria, and then south along the Adriatic Sea. Italy's
highest point near the summit of Mont Blanc (or Monte Bianco), a mountain it shares with France,
rises to 4,748 m.
qThe beautiful and rugged Lake District of northern Italy includes many mountain lakes, with the
major ones being Como, Garda and Maggiore.
q Italy is renowned for its many rugged islands, most volcanic in origin. Significant ones include
the large islands of Sardinia and Sicily and the smaller islands of Capri, Elba, Ischia, and the
Aeolian Island group.
qMuch of Italy is volcanic in origin, and today a few of its many volcanoes are active, including
Sicily's Mt. Etna, Stomboli in the Aeolian Islands, and volcanologists are constantly monitoring
Mt. Vesuvius near Naples, as it has the potential to erupt at anytime.

The main tourist attractions in Italy
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qFor travelers making their way through Italy, the Colosseum is a must see. This huge Amphitheater
is the largest of its kind ever built by the Roman Empire and has remained a model for sports
facilities right up to modern times.
qA gondola ride through the canals of Venice is a tradition that travelers have been participating
in for centuries. Venice is a city of islands and the canals have long been, in many ways, the
city's streets.
qBelow the rumbling volcano of Mt Vesuvius stand the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city
preserved in time by the eruption in A.D. 79.
qThe Leaning Tower of Pisa is actually just one of many attractions in the city of Pisa, but its
fame, gained from its flaw, is world renown.
qLake Como is one of Italy's most scenic areas, surrounded by mountains and lined by small
picturesque towns.
qThe Amalfi Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a stunning stretch of coastline along the
Sorrentine Peninsula.
qRegarded as one of the finest cathedrals in the world, the Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore, or the
Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, dominates the Florence skyline.

The main tourist attractions in Italy
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qCinque Terre, which translates as "Five Villages", is a lovely coastal region with steep oceanside
cliffs and hills.
qThe Vatican is home to some of the world's most priceless art and art collections. Beyond the
obvious sites of St Peter's Basilica and St Peter's square, the Vatican is home to countless
attractions.
qThe Roman Forum may require a little imagination to understand exactly what this area once looked
like.
qOne of the most important tourist sites in Venice is St Mark's Basilica. Most visitors wandering
around Venice will find themselves in the famous square, Piazza San Marco, in front of the
basilica, looking at the main west facing facade.
qThe Pantheon, an exceptionally well preserved remnant from Roman times, reveals the incredible
architectural achievements of the Roman Empire.
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Geography of Slovenia
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qOver 40% of Slovenia is mountains, as the Alps extend across the northern part of the country.
qThe country's highest point is Triglav, which rests in the Alps, and peaks at (2,864 m).
qThe Julian and Savinja ranges run along its borders with Austria and Italy.
qLocated within the Julian Alps are two glacial lakes (Bohinj and Bled), and major rivers include
the Drava and Sava.
qMoving towards the central and south, the balance of land is a mixture of high hills and valleys,
covered by green forests.
qSlovenia, as a matter of fact, is ranked third in Europe for being the most forested country, with
over half of its land covered.

The main tourist attractions in Slovenia
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qSlovenia, with its diverse landscapes, is an attraction in itself. It is the first country in the
world that has been, as a whole, declared a green tourist destination. Here, in addition to
exceptional and special natural features, you can discover places that are UNESCO World Heritage
protected.
qOne of the best places to visit in Slovenia is its capital, Ljubljana. Although Ljubljana is much
smaller than most European capitals, it has a unique charm that makes it worth a visit. A major
attraction in the city is Tromostovje, also known as the Triple Bridge, where three picturesque
bridges span the river right next to one another.
qServing as a gateway to the Triglav National park is Lake Bled, a scenic body of water surrounded
by the Julian Alps.
qIf you want to get outdoors and explore some of the amazing natural scenery in Slovenia, then
Triglav National Park is the ideal spot to visit.
qPostojna is a relatively small town in Southwest Slovenia, but it is a must-see destination for
travelers drawn to unique attractions and natural scenery. Postojna is known for its extensive cave
system, which boasts a staggering 20 km (13 miles) of chambers, hallways and galleries, some of
which have ceilings nearly 50 meters (150 feet) high.
q

The main tourist attractions in Slovenia
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qOn the tip of Southwestern Slovenia, and on the coast of the Adriatic Sea, is the resort hotspot
called Piran. The destination is reminiscent of Italy, which makes sense since it was actually part
of the Venetian Empire for more than five centuries. Piran is small in size, but it is quaint,
historic and scenic.
qOn the banks of the Drava River is the city of Ptuj, a destination in Eastern Slovenia with an
impressive collection of historic architecture. Ptuj is widely regarded as one of the oldest cities
in the nation, and it has been important in the local culture since the Stone Age.
qOne of the oldest cities in all of Slovenia is Celje, a small city perched on the banks of the
Savinja River. The biggest attraction in the city is the enormous castle, which was erected in the
14th century and now looks down over the city from its hilltop location.
qPopular for winter sports enthusiasts is the destination of Kranjska Gora, located in the
northwest of Slovenia. During the winter, Kranjska Gora is busy with visitors who ski and snowboard
in the resort of Vitranc, taking advantage of the frequent snowfall and the steep trails.
qAs one of the oldest coastal towns in Slovenia, and a major port, Koper is an integral part of the
country’s infrastructure.

Geography of Croatia
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qGiven the size of Croatia, the landscape is considerably diverse and made up of fertile and mostly
flat plains in the north, and low mountains and highlands along the coast.
qThe Dinaric Alps and a few smaller mountain ranges (Velebit and Velika Kapela) slice through the
country, with the highest point rising to (1,831m).
qAlong the Dalmatian coast, as well as on most of Croatia's offshore islands, the land is hilly,
rocky and steep.
qNatural water sources are numerous, and the country's biggest lake, Lake Vrana, extends over 12
sq. miles (30 sq. km).
qHowever, the Plitvice lakes are the most famous, and are composed of a group of 16 different small
lakes connected by waterfalls.
qEurope's second largest river, the Danube, forms the far northeastern border with Serbia.

The main tourist attractions in Croatia
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qDubrovnik, Croatia's most glamorous tourist destination, centers on the magnificent old town,
contained within sturdy medieval defensive walls and declared a UNESCO. Any first-time sightseeing
tour of the city should begin with a walk around the ramparts (the complete circuit measures two
kilometers), which incorporate fortresses, towers, and cannons along the way.
qSplit, Croatia's second biggest city after Zagreb, grew up within the ancient Roman walls of
Diocletian's Palace.
qMany tourists visit Croatia to explore the blissful Dalmatian islands, of which the most
fashionable is Hvar. Here, trendy Hvar Town is home to some of the country's top hotels and best
seafood restaurants.
qCroatia's most visited inland attraction, Plitvice National Park encompasses steep forested
hillsides surrounding 16 emerald-blue lakes connected by a succession of thundering waterfalls.
qIn the Croatian capital, Zagreb, the main sightseeing area is the medieval Gornji Grad (Upper
Town). Here, attractions include the cathedral with its Neo-Gothic façade and twin steeples; the
Croatian Sabor (Parliament); the Church of St. Mark…
qSailing Around Kornati National Park
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The main tourist attractions in Croatia
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qZadar's car-free old town is built on a small peninsula. Its top attractions are its fine
Romanesque churches, built between the 9th and 13th centuries, and filled with religious paintings
and ornate golden treasures. Be sure to check out the 9th-century pre-Romanesque Church of St.
Donatus; the 11th-century Church of St. Mary; and the Cathedral of Anastasia and the Church of St.
Chrysogonus, both from the 12th century.
qCroatia's most photographed beach has to be Zlatni Rat (Golden Horn) in Bol on the south coast of
Brač.
qKorčula Town, the chief settlement on the island of Korčula in South Dalmatia, sits compact on a
tiny peninsula.
qThe western third of the island of Mljet is a national park.
qIn northwest Croatia, on the Istrian peninsula, the Venetian-era seaside town of Rovinj is made up
of pastel-colored houses ringing a pretty fishing harbor, and presided over by a hilltop church
with an elegant bell tower.
qLying off the Istrian peninsula, this archipelago of scattered pine-scented islets is a national
park. The largest island, Veli Brijun, is covered with beautifully landscaped parkland and is open
to visitors.
q

Geography of Albania
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qAlbania is partly a broad and swampy coastal plain fronting the Adriatic Sea. From there, making
up roughly 70% of the country, the land rises into hills and mountains.
qMajor ranges include the Albanian Alps, and the Korab and Pindus Mountains. The highest point is
Mt. Karabit in the Korab mountains, which runs along and through the Macedonia border, at (2,764
m).
qFrom the mountains, flowing inland toward the Adriatic Sea, significant rivers include the Drin
and Vlore.
qThe three major lakes of Albania include Shkodra (shared with Montenegro), Ohrid and Prespa (both
shared with Macedonia). Lake Ohrid is the deepest lake in the Balkans, and reaches depths of (284
m).

The main tourist attractions in Albania
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qThe city of Berat is located at the river Osum in the middle of the country. In the past it was
built as a castle and it is erected at a hill. At this hill there can be found the original castle,
named Kalaja. The castle contains a district with numerous churches and mosques and is well worth
seeing.
qAlbanian Riviera - In the southwest of the country there is a steep coastline, which can be
compared to the Italian Riviera but is much quieter and less crowded. Beaches invite to go swimming
or sunbathing. New built hotels and attractions shall allure tourists and promise a great holiday.
qNext to the city of Fier in the middle of Albania one can find the ruins of an ancient town, named
after the god Apollon. Apollonia was the biggest and most important city in the ancient world. The
ruins are still impressing and show a little piece of the original glory.
qThe big city Durres at the coastline of Albania is the most important harbor city in the country.
Not only from economic viewpoint but also culturally it is a capital. Cultural events and feastings
take place all over the year.
qGjirokastra - The city in the south of Albania was elected UNESCO world cultural heritage. Reason
for this is the unique architectural style, most of the buildings show. The style is called Balkan
architecture and contains small castle-like houses made of stone.

Geography of Greece
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qOccupying the southern most part of the Balkan Peninsula, Greece and its many islands (almost
1,500) extend southward from the European continent into the Aegean, Cretan, Ionian, Mediterranean
and Thracian seas.
qCrete and Evia are its two largest islands and major island groups include the Argo-Saronic,
Cyclades, Dodecanese, Ionian, Northeast Aegean and Sporades.
qThe western half of the country is dominated by the steep peaks of the Pindus mountains, a range
of the Dinaric Alps that stretch south from Albania and Macedonia. Typical elevations here exceed
2,500 meters, and those mountains are punctuated by numerous lakes, rivers and wetlands.
qThe highest Greek mountain is Mount Olympus, rising to 2,918 meters.
qGreece is home to a series of ancient volcanoes, including those on the islands of Kos, Methana,
Milos, Nisyros, Poros and Santorini.
qThe Peloponnese Peninsula is slightly separated from the mainland by the Corinth Canal, a 4-mile
long man-made canal through the Isthmus of Corinth.

The main tourist attractions in Greece
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qConsidered the symbol of Athens and Greece, and indeed of Western civilisation, the Acropolis is a
rocky mound rising in the heart of modern Athens and crowned by three magnificent temples dating
from the 5th century BC. The so-called Archaeological Promenade is a two-and-a-half-kilometer
walkway, which skirts the foot of the Acropolis and connects it to the city's other main ancient
attractions - the Ancient Agora , the Roman Forum, Kerameikos, and the Temple of Olympian Zeus.
qOpened in 2009, the Acropolis Museum is now one of Athens' most-visited tourist attractions. Top
things to see here include the 6th-century-BC Moschophoros (statue of a young man carrying a calf
on his shoulders), the Caryatids (sculptures of female figures that held up the Erechtheion) and
the highly controversial Parthenon marbles.
qThe most dramatic of all the Greek islands, Santorini is best known for the cliff-top towns of
Fira and Oia, which lie on the west coast, overlooking the deep, blue sea-filled caldera.
qGreece's most glamorous island destination is Mykonos. After-dark activities center on Mykonos
Town, noted for its chic boutique hotels, classy seafood restaurants, and live music venues. Other
attractions include Paraportiani (a whitewashed church in Mykonos Town) and numerous sandy beaches
along the island's south coast.

The main tourist attractions in Greece
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qOn the Greek mainland, Delphi is a UNESCO World Heritage site, the Delphi Museum Archaeological
Museum, displaying an impressive collection of finds from the site. Delphi lies 180 kilometers
northwest of Athens.
qOne of the most unusual things to see in Greece has to be the Thessaly Plain where bizarre rocky
outcrops are capped by the centuries-old monasteries of Meteora. On the UNESCO World Heritage list,
six of the monasteries are open to the public.
qLying on the Aegean Sea, close to Turkey, Rhodes is the largest of the Dodecanese islands. Its
capital, UNESCO-listed Rhodes Town, is one of Greece's top tourist destinations.
qOn the Ionian Sea, off the west coast of mainland Greece, Corfu is one of the country's
most-visited island destinations. The capital, Corfu Town, is a UNESCO World Heritage site, thanks
to its elegant Italianate architecture - it was ruled by the Venetians for several centuries.
qOn the island of Crete, the Samaria Gorge is a top attraction for lovers of the great outdoors.
Measuring 16 kilometers in length and, at its narrowest point, only four meters wide, it runs from
Omalos (1,250 meters) in the White Mountains down to Agia Roumeli, on the Libyan Sea.

The main tourist attractions in Greece
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qOften cited as Greece's most beautiful city, Nafplio is a popular weekend destination for wealthy
Athenians. Built on a small peninsular on the east coast of the Peloponnese.
qZagorohoria & the Ancient Ruins of Kassope and Nikopolis -In the Pindus Mountains in Epirus in
northwest Greece, close to Ioannina, the remote region of Zagori is known for its stunningly
dramatic landscapes crisscrossed by hiking paths. Here, you'll find Zagorohoria, some 46 old stone
villages, the best known of which are Papingo and Monodendri. A little further afield, archaeology
buffs will enjoy a visit to the ancient city of Kassope, one of the best examples of a city built
according to the grid-like pattern of a Hippodamian plan.
qOverlooking the Aegean Sea in northern Greece, Thessaloniki (Salonica) is the country's second
biggest city after Athens. Its main sightseeing attractions are its UNESCO-listed Byzantine
churches, but there are also several Roman monuments (including the Triumphal Arch of Galerius and
the 4th-century Rotunda), the 15th century White Tower on the seafront, and an excellent Byzantine
Museum.
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Geography of Malta
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qSurrounded by the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, Malta is a cluster of small islands composed of
coralline limestone.
qThe only inhabited islands of this archipelago are the three largest: Malta, Gozo and Comino
(which is home to the gorgeous Blue Lagoon); each of which are mostly low, rocky islands with
rugged, steep coastal cliffs.
qThe highest point is located within the triangular plateau Ta'Zuta, and rises to (253 m).
qMalta does not have any permanent natural lakes or rivers, though during periods of intense
rainfall small rivers are known to form.

The main tourist attractions in Malta
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qValletta: Malta's Elegant Capital -Tourists can easily navigate this small city that is bounded by
two harbors, the Grand Harbor and Marsamxett Harbor. Begin a tour of Valletta at Saint John's
Co-Cathedral. This 16th-century church was built by the different Orders of the Knights, hailing
from various countries such as France, Spain, and Italy. Visitors are surprised by the
awe-inspiring interior with its opulent gilded decor. Next, visit the immense Grand Master's
Palace, once the residence of the Knights of Malta.
qGozo Island is the most idyllic destination of the Maltese Islands. Victoria; a bustling seaside
resort, Marsalforn; and the most important archaeological site of the Maltese Islands, Ggantija
Temples dating back to around 3500 BC. Gozo is also famous for the Azure Window, a striking coastal
formation that stuns visitors with its beauty.
qMdina offers an escape to an enchanting fairy-tale city. This captivating medieval hilltop town is
steeped in history. Tourists must pass through the dramatic Main Gate to enter the city, giving the
impression of walking back in time.
qJust outside the Mdina ramparts is the neighboring town of Rabat. Tourists can see both cities in
the same day; Mdina and Rabat are sometimes considered to be one unified urban area.
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The main tourist attractions in Malta
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qPrehistoric Tarxien Temples, Island of Malta -Stone reliefs and sculptures that were found here
are represented on the site by excellent reproductions; the originals are displayed in the National
Museum of Archeology in Valletta.
qBlue Lagoon, Island of Comino: Nature's Perfect Swimming Pool - An amazing nature site, the Blue
Lagoon is a mesmerizing scene of crystal-clear turquoise waters. It has a South Pacific quality
with the waters lapping over a white-sand seabed.
qThe Blue Grotto is approached by a winding road on a cliff high above the Mediterranean Sea. The
spectacular coastal scenery provides an exciting introduction to the nature site.
qBreathtaking Views at Dingli Cliffs, Island of Malta - Those who appreciate inspiring coastal
scenery should take a short drive or bus ride from the Blue Grotto in Wied iz-Zurrieq to the Dingli
Cliffs. The appeal (and the drawback) of this location is its remoteness.
qGolden Bay Beach, Island of Malta - With its sandy shores protected by a mountainous coastline and
sloping cliffs, Golden Bay in Northwest Malta is one of the island's prettiest beaches. Golden Bay
Beach is easily accessible by car or bus; the bus stop is only a five-minute walk away from the
beach.
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Selected sources:
qHAMARNEH, I., 2008. Geografie cestovního ruchu. Evropa. Plzeň: Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš
Čeněk, s.r.o. ISBN 978–80-7380-093-2
qHRALA, V., 2013. Geografie cestovního ruchu. Praha: Idea servis. ISBN 978-80-859-7079-1.
qNATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, 2011. 100 Countries, 5,000 Ideas: Where to Go, When to Go, What to
See, What to Do. National Geographic Society. ISBN 978-14-262-075-87.
qTravel Guides by the Experts available from http://www.planetware.com/
qUNESCO, 2009. World Heritage Sites: A Complete Guide to 878 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Firefly
Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-463-1.
qWorld Atlas available from https://www.worldatlas.com/
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