SUSTAINABLE iX DEVELOPMENT + • REPORT 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Includes the SDG Index and Dashboards •t SUSTAINABLE IX DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Includes the SDG Index and Dashboards By Jeffrey D. Sachs, Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller and Eamon Drumm IDUBLIN I UNIVERSITY I PRESS I • 1 7 3 4 -1 ( SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT , 11 SOLUTIONS NETWORK Vl» A GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS Acknowledgements The Sustainable Development Report (SDR) reviews progress made each year on the Sustainable Development Goals since their adoption by the 193 UN Member States in 2015. Midpoint on the way to 2030, this year's edition takes stock of progress so far and discusses priorities to restore and accelerate SDG progress. More specifically, this year's edition focuses on the need to scale up development finance and reform the global financial architecture to support the SDGs. The SDR 2023 is published on the eve of the 2023 Paris Summit for a New Global Financial Pact and ahead of other major international summits this year, including the UN High-Level Political Forum in July and the SDG Summit at Heads of States Level in September, the September G20 Meeting under Indian Presidency, and the December COP28 in Dubai.The SDR 2023 also aims to provide significant contributions in the lead-up to the 2024 Summit of the Future, to enhance cooperation on critical challenges and address gaps in global governance. The report was prepared by the SDSN's newly created SDG Transformation Center and coordinated by Guillaume Lafortune in cooperation with Jeffrey D. Sachs. Lead writers are Jeffrey D. Sachs, Guillaume Lafortune, Grayson Fuller, and Eamon Drumm. Members of the Leadership Council of the SDSN led the preparation of Part 1. "How to Achieve the SDGs: the SDSN Framework". The statistical work was led by Grayson Fuller, in collaboration with Leslie Bermont-Diaz and SamoryToure and under the supervision of Guillaume Lafortune. The interactive website and data visualization that accompanies this report was developed by Max Gruber and Ruben Andino. Other major contributors to the data and analyses in this year's report include Juliana Bartels, Grant Cameron, Maria Cortes Puch, Olivia Lee Cosio, Salma Dahir, Juliette Douillet, Guilherme lablonovski, Christian Kroll, Alyson Marks, Isabella Massa, Maryam Rabiee, CastelineTilus, Emma Torres, and Patrick Paul Walsh. We also thank Minister Romuald Wadagni from Benin, Simona Marinescu and Peter Schmidt for their contributions. The SDR 2023 combines data and analyses produced by international organizations, civil society organizations, and research centers. We thank all of these for their contributions and collaboration in producing the report, including during the annual public consultation process that took place between April 17th and April 26th, 2023. We also thank the regional and national SDSN networks, the SDSN secretariat, and experts and government officials who responded to the SDSN 2023 Survey of Government Efforts for the SDGs and provided comments and feedback at various stages. Lauren Barredo, Maria Cortes Puch, Andrija Erac, Alyson Marks, Sonja Neve, and Ryan Swaney provided communication support for the launch of the report. We thank Dublin University Press and Roberto Rossi of Pica Publishing for preparing the report for publication. We welcome feedback on the publication and data that may help to strengthen future iterations of this work. Please notify us of any publications that use the SDG Index and Dashboards data or the Sustainable Development Report, and share your publication with us at info@sdgindex.org. An interactive online dashboard and all data used in this report can be accessed at: www.sdgtransformationcenter.org and www.sdgindex.org June 2023 Published by Dublin University Press Please cite this report as: Sachs, J.D., Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., Drumm, E. (2023). Implementing the SDG Stimulus. Sustainable Development Report 2023. Paris: SDSN, Dublin: Dublin University Press, 2023.10.25546/102924 This report has been prepared with the extensive advice and consultation of the SDSN Leadership Council members. Members of the Leadership Council serve in their personal capacities; the opinions expressed in this report may not reflect the positions or policies of their host institutions. Members are not necessarily in agreement on every detail of this report. The views expressed in this report do not reflect the views of any organization, agency, or programme of the United Nations. Design, layout and copyediting by Pica Publishing Ltd - www.pica-publishing.com Contents Executive Summary vi Parti. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework 1 Part 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards 23 2.1 SDG Status at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda 23 2.2 Leave no one behind 27 2.3 International spillovers and policy coherence 31 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions 34 References 44 Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments to the SDGs 47 3.1 Political leadership and institutional coordination: results from the 2023 SDSN survey of government efforts for the SDGs 47 3.2 SDG integration into sectoral policies and pathways: scorecards forthe Six SDG Transformations 54 3.3 Support for multilateralism underthe Charterof the United Nations 61 3.4 GovernmenteffortandcommitmentsfortheSDGs:overallscores 70 References 73 Part 4. Lessons Learned and Next Steps 77 4.1 The SDG Index: a tool for guiding SDG action and strengthening accountability 77 4.2 Have the SDGs increased data cooperation and innovation? 86 4.3 Conclusions and next steps 88 References 90 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables 92 A.1 Interpretingthe SDG Index and Dashboards results 92 A.2 Changes to the 2023 edition and limitations 93 A.3 Methodology (overview) 95 References 119 Part 5. Country Profiles 122 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus iii List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1.1 SDG Index world average: pre-pandemic trend and trend needed to achieve the SDGs by 2030 5 Figure 1.2 Observed and projected gaps in SDG Index score between HICs and LICs (in percentage points) 6 Figure 1.3 Projected global warming under alternative policy scenarios 7 Figure 2.1 World SDG Dashboards at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda 24 Figure 2.2 Status on individual SDG targets at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda 24 Figure 2.3 The 2023 SDG Index: score and rank 25 Figure 2.^ SDG Index World Average, 2010-2022 28 Figure 2.5 SDG Index Low-Income Countries'Average, 2010-2022 28 Figure 2.6 Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (PPP, %) in LICs 29 Figure 2.7 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%), in LICs 29 Figure 2.8 Subjective Well-Being, in HICs and LICs 29 Figure 2.9 Unemployment Rate, in HICs and LICs 30 Figure 2.10 Observed and projected gaps in SDG Index score between HICs and LICs 30 Figure 2.11 Countries where 50% or more of the rural population has no access to all-season roads, and comparison with HICs and World average (%) 31 Figure 2.12 SDG Index scores versus International Spillover Index scores, by income level 32 Figure 2.13 Illustration of environmental impacts embodied in international trade 33 Figure 2.14 GHG emissions embodied in the final consumption of textiles and clothing 34 Figure 2.15 Correlation between 2023 SDG Index Score and Narrow SDG Index (17 "headline" indicators) 35 Figure 2.16 2023 SDG dashboards by region and income group (levels and trends) 36 Figure 2.17 2023 SDG dashboards for OECD countries (levels and trends) 37 Figure 2.18 2023 SDG dashboards for East and South Asia (levels and trends) 38 Figure 2.19 2023 SDG dashboards for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (levels and trends) 39 Figure 2.20 2023 SDG dashboards for Latin America and the Caribbean (levels and trends) 40 Figure 2.21 2023 SDG dashboards for the Middle East and North Africa (levels and trends) 41 Figure 2.22 2023 SDG dashboards for Oceania (levels and trends) 41 Figure 2.23 2023 SDG dashboards for sub-Saharan Africa (levels and trends) 42 Figure 2.24 2023 SDG dashboardsfor Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (levels and trends) 43 Figure 3.1 A conceptual framework to evaluate government efforts and commitment to the SDGs 48 Figure 3.2 Submissions of voluntary national reviews (number of submitters, 2023) and submissions per year since 2016 52 Figure 3.3 Designated lead unit for SDG coordination at the central/federal level of government to implement the SDGs (2023) 53 Figure 3.4 Integration of the SDGs into key policy processes by income groups 53 Figure 3.5 Percentage of local and regional governments using selected SDG policies and actions 60 Figure 3.6 UN treaties ratified by MemberStates (%), 1946-2022 64 Figure 3.7 Use of unilateral coercive measures (UCMs), number (1950-2021) 66 Figure 3.8 Membership in selected UN organizations, 2022 67 Figure 3.9 Participation in conflicts and militarization, 2022 68 Figure 3.10 Official Development Assistance (ODA) as share of GNI, 2018-2022 69 Figure 3.11 Conceptual Frameworkfor Evaluating Government Efforts and Commitments to Implement the SDGs and Indicators Retained to Compute the Overall Score for 2023 70 iv Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus List of Figures, Tables and Boxes Figure 4.1 Map of Brazzaville, Republic of Congo, and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, showcasing the scale at which calculations are performed (100 m2 grid). 79 Figure 4.2 Diagram of a motorable road with the two-kilometer buffer applied, identifying rura populations living within and outside the buffer area 80 Figure 4.3 Example of the method as applied in rural Democratic Republic of the Congo 80 Figure 4.4 Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI): Overall Score, 2016-2022 87 Figure A.I The Four-arrow system for denoting SDG trends 99 Figure A.2 Graphic representation of the methodology for SDG trends 99 List of Tables Table 1.1 Global Population, Investment, and GDP by World Bank Income Category 14 Table 1.2 Credit Ratings by Income Category 14 Table 2.1 Top five countries in terms of SDG targets achieved or on track, and those with the greatest percentage of targets showing a reversal in progress 24 Table 3.1 National government efforts to implement the SDGs, survey results 49 Table 3.2 Scorecard - Transformation 1: Universal quality education and innovation-based economy 56 Table 3.2 Scorecard - Transformation 1: Universal quality education and innovation-based economy 56 Table 3.3 Scorecard-Transformation 2: Universal health coverage 57 Table 3.4 Scorecard-Transformation 3: Zero-carbon energy systems 59 Table 3.5 Scorecard - Transformation 6: Transformation to universal digital access and services 62 Table 3.6 Measuring government SDG efforts and commitments: scores, ranks and performance by pillar 72 Table A.I New indicators and modifications 93 Table A.2 Major indicator and data gaps for the SDGs 94 Table A.3 Countries excluded from the 2023 SDG Index due to insufficient data 96 Table A.4 Indicators included in the Sustainable Development Report2023 707 Table A.5 Indicator thresholds and justifications for optimal values 111 Table A.6 Indicators used for SDG Trends and period for trend estimation 116 List of Boxes Box 2.1 The SDG Index and Dashboards 23 Box 2.2 ExplainingtheSDGIndexwithahandfulofkeyindicators 35 Box 3.1 The OECD, SDSN and the European Committee of the Regions survey of city and regional SDG policies in a time of crisis 60 Box 4.1 GISfor the SDGs: Assessing pedestrian accessibility in urban areas 79 Box 4.2 GISfor the SDGs: Assessing accessibility to all-season roads in rural areas 80 Box 4.3 The long-standing partnership between the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) and the SDSN to advance policies and data for the SDGs in the EU 81 Box 4.4 SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, and subnational editions (2016-2023) 83 Box 4.5 Cooperation between SDSN and the Government of the Republic of Benin in the context of the issuance of the first African SDG Bond 84 Box 4.6 Partnership between SDSN and UN Resident Coordinators in SIDS 86 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus V Executive Summary At the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, all of the SDGsare seriously off track. From 2015 to 2019, the world made some progress on the SDGs, although this was already vastly insufficient to achieve the goals. Since the outbreak of the pandemic in 2020 and other simultaneous crises, SDG progress has stalled globally. In most high-income countries (HICs), automatic stabilizers, emergency expenditure, and recovery plans mitigated the impacts of these multiple crises on socioeconomic outcomes. Only limited progress is being made on the environmental and biodiversity goals, including SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), even in countries that are largely to blame for the climate and biodiversity crises. The disruptions caused by these multiple crises has aggravated fiscal-space issues in low-income countries (LICs) and in lower-middle income countries (LMICs), leading to a reversal in progress on several goals and indicators. Despite this alarming development, the SDGs are still achievable. None of their objectives are beyond our reach. The world is off track, but that is all the more reason to double down on the SDGs. At their core, the SDGs are an investment agenda: it is critical that UN Member States adopt and implement the SDG Stimulus and support a comprehensive reform of the global financial architecture. To achieve the SDGs the world must both alter its current investment patterns and increase the overall volume of investments. The Stimulus'urgent objective is to address the chronic shortfall of international SDG financing confronting the LICs and LMICs, and to ramp up financing flows by at least US$500 billion by 2025. This year's report also highlights six priorities to reform the complex system of public and private finance that channels the world's savings to its investments - what is known as the Global Financial Architecture: 1. Greatly increase funding to national and subnational governments and private businesses, especially in LICs and LMICs, to carry out needed SDG investments. 2. Revise the credit rating system and debt sustainability metrics to facilitate long-term sustainable development. 3. Revise liquidity structures for LICs and LMICs, especially regarding sovereign debts, to forestall self-fulfilling banking and balance-of-payments crises; 4. Create ambitious, internationally-agreed upon criteria for sustainable finance that are mandatory for all public financial institutions. 5. Align private business investment flows with the SDGs, through improved national planning, regulation, reporting, and oversight. 6. Reform current institutional frameworks and develop new mechanisms to improve the quality and speed of deployment of international cooperation, and monitor progress in an open and timely manner. All countries, poorer and richer alike, should use the half-way momentum to self-critically review and revise their national SDG strategies and commit to strengthening multilateralism. National governments must ensure both domestic implementation of the SDGs, including the reduction of negative spillovers, and international implementation - by building a global governance and financial architecture that delivers the SDGs. Building on SDSN's global survey of government efforts and commitment to the SDGs and third-party data, we highlight major differences across countries, including G20 countries, in their SDG strategies and commitment. Achieving the SDGs requires global cooperation guided by the United Nations Charter. In 2022, the United Nations Secretary-General appointed a High-Level Advisory Board (HLAB) on effective multilateralism, with a mandate to develop a list of concrete, actionable recommendations to improve international cooperation and advance the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We introduce in the report this year a pilot index of countries commitment to and support of multilateralism under the UN Charter. vi Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Executive Summary Further investment is needed in statistical capacity and data literacy to support long-term pathways for key SDG transformations. At the halfway mark to 2030, there remains a great deal of work to be done to improve the data and methods underlying the SDG indicator framework. Evidence suggests that since 2016 there has been only limited progress and convergence in countries'statistical capacity, including LICs and LMICs, and that international funding for data and statistics fell between 2019 and 2021. Also, in an information-rich and post-truth environment, citizens and decision-makers need knowledge and tools to transform data and science into evidence, actions, and long-term policies. According to major international studies, few teenagers can differentiate between a fact and an opinion. As underlined during the United Nations World Data Forum 2023 and in the 27 April Hangzhou Declaration, investing in statistical capacity, science, and data literacy are important priorities for achieving the SDGs. The SDSN and its global network will double-down on efforts to implement the SDGs by 2030 and beyond. The SDSN was created in 2012, soon after the Rio+20 Summit, to mobilize the world's universities, think tanks, and national laboratories on behalf of the SDGs. SDSN's mission was fourfold: (i) scholarly research, (ii) educational innovation and partnerships, (iii) convening power, and (iv) outreach to the public. We are proud of our efforts since 2012 in these four areas. The SDSN is now a global network of more than 1,900 member organizations, mainly universities, organized in 53 national and regional chapters. Via science-based pathways and analytics, the SDSN supports discussions on SDG implementation at the global, regional, and national levels.These are available on the newly set up, open-access, SDG Transformation Center Portal. All UN Member States and UN agencies can count on the continued efforts and energies of the SDSN around the world to support all governments, businesses, and civil society in embracing and aligning with the SDGs on sustainable development. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus vii Acronyms and Abbreviations Al Artificial Intelligence CAPI Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing CEPEI Centra de Pensamiento Estratégico Internacionál CSA Central Statistics Agency (Ethiopia) CTGAP Cape Town Global Action Plan for Sustainable Development Data CTGAP Global Action Plan for Sustainable Development Data DAC Development Assistance Committee of the OECD DANE National Administrative Department of Statistics (Colombia) DSSI Debt Service Suspension Initiative EO Earth observation EU European Union FABLE Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-Use, and Energy Consortium FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FELD Food, Environment, Land and Development Action Tracker G20 Group of Twenty (intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union G7 Group of Seven (intergovernmental forum comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, GDP Gross domestic product GeoGIAM Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative GIS Geographic information system HIC High-income-country HLAB High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability ICS International Continence Society IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development ILO International Labour Organisation ILO International Labour Organization IMF International Monetary Fund IMF International Monetary Fund IMO International Maritime Organization ITU and the International Telecommunication Union LAC Latin American countries LIC Low-income country LMIC Lower-middle-income country LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study MDB Multilateral Development Bank MENA Middle East and North Africa viii Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Acronyms and Abbreviations MRIO Multi-regional input-output NBS National Bureau of Statistics NGO Non-governmental organisation NSO National Statistic Office ODA Official Development Assistance OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development SDG Sustainable Development Goal SDR Sustainable Development Report SDSN Sustainable Development Solutions Network SIDS Snail Islano Developing' States STATIN Statistical Institute of Jamaica TReNDS Thematic Research Network on Data and Statistics UCLG United Cit ies and Local Governments UHC Universal Health Coverage UMIC Upper-middle-income country UN DESA Department of Economic and Social Affairs UN The United Nations UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization United Nations-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme UNWTO World Tourism Organization UPU Universal Postal Union VNR Voluntary National Review WBG World Bank Group WFP World Food Programme ()■ WHO World Health Organisation WHO World Health Organization WIPO World Intellectual Property Organization WMO World Meteorological Organization WTO Work; Iraoe Organization Sustainable Development Report 2023 »^|* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ix Parti How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework By Members of the SDSN Leadership Council Members of the SDSN Leadership Council H.E. Reem Al Hashimy Dr. Sultan Al Jaber Dr. Anthony Annett H.E. Mr. Shaukat Aziz Ms. Chandrika Bahadur Mr. Peter Bakker Mr. Sam Barratt Dr. Eugenie Birch Ms. Irina Bokova Ms. Micheline Calmy-Rey Dr. Joshua Castellino Tan Sri Dato'Seri Dr. Jeffrey Cheah Prof. Kieth Rethy Chhem Ms. Jacqueline Corbelli Mr. Ramu Damodaran Mr. Jack Dangermond Ms. Bineta Diop Mr. David Donoghuc? Mr. Hendrik du Toit Mr. Jan Egeland H.E. Metropolitan Emmanuel Ms. Patricia Espinosa H.E. Leonel Fernandez Reyna Dr. Xiaolan Fu Dr. Stuart Gibb Dr. Ken Giller Ms. Jennifer Gross Sir Andrew Haines H.E. Tarja Halonen Dr. James Hansen Mr. Olli-Pekka Heinonen Dr. Naoko Ishii Mr. VukJeremic Dr. Pavel Kabat Mr. Niclas Kjellström-Matseke Dr. Israel Klabin Mr. Adolf Kloke-Lesch Dr. Siva Kumari Mr. Markos Kyprianou Dr. Upmanu Lai Dr. Felipe Larrain Lord Richard Layard Dr. Frannie Leautier Dr. Klaus Leisinger Dr. Justin Yifu Lin Dr. Gordon Liu Mr. Siamak Loni Mr. Mai Lu Dr. Jane Lubchenco Mrs. Graca Machel Dr. Julia Marton-Lefevre Dr. Ramesh Mashelkar Dr. Vladimir Mau Dr. Mariana Mazzucato H.E. Miguel Angel Moratinos Cuyaube Ms. Sam Mostyn Ms. Claude Nahon Mr. Eddie Ndopu Dr. Rebecca Nelson Dr. Joanna Newman Dr. Amadou Niang Ms. Michelle Nunn Ms. Cherie Nursalim Mr. Joaquim Oliveira Martins Mr. Luiz Eduardo Osorio Ms. Roza Otunbayeva Ms. Mari Pangestu H.E. George Papandreou Mr. Antonio Pedro Mr. Paul Polman Mr. Stefano Quintarelli Ms. Sabina Ratti Dr. Srinath Reddy Dr. Aromar Revi Dr. Teresa Ribera Dr. Angelo Riccaboni Dr. Johan Rockström Rabbi David Rosen Dr. Joanna Rubinstein Dr. Jeffrey Sachs Monsignor Marcelo Sanchez Sorondo HH Muhammad Sanusi II Dr. Elly Schlein Dr. Guido Schmidt-Traub Dr. Andrew Steer Dr. John Thwaites Dr. Lena Treschow-Torel Dr. LaurenceTubiana Mr. Ted Turner Dr. Albert van Jaarsveld Dr. William Vendley Dr. Virgilio Viana Dr. Martin Visbeck Mr. Forest Whitaker Dr. Lan Xue Dr. Hirokazu Yoshikawa Dr. Hania Zlotnick Sustainable Development Report 2023 O Implementing the SDG Stimulus 1 Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework Overview This statement, issued by Members of the Leadership Council of the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), builds on the work of the SDSN's Secretariat and its global programs, as well as the work of its 1,900 member institutions, spanning all world regions. The grim reality is that at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, the SDGs are far off track. At the global level, averaging across countries, not a single SDG is currently projected to be met by 2030, with the poorest countries struggling the most. And global cooperation has ebbed as geopolitical tensions have risen. In response to this situation, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has urged world leaders to come together at the 2023 SDG Summit in September to deliver a "Rescue Plan for People and Planet".1 SDSN offers the following recommendations to accelerate progress over the remaining seven years to 2030, and to set even more ambitious targets to be achieved by 2050 under the SDG framework. As the world's nations prepare to meet in September to review the progress the world has made so far towards achieving the SDGs, at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, SDSN emphasizes six areas for immediate action. I. Most urgently, UN Member States should adopt an SDG Stimulus, to close the massive financing gap faced by many developing economies. As called for by United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres,2 the SDG Stimulus plan has five main components: 1. Increased funding from the multilateral development banks (MDBs) and public development banks (PDBs) to low- and middle-income countries, linked to investments in the SDGs; 2. Enhancement of relief for countries facing debt distress; 3. Expansion of liquidity by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and major central banks; 4. Empowerment and expansion of the specialized global funds; and 5. Expansion of private philanthropy with a focus on ultra-high-net-worth individuals. II. UN Member States must endorse a deep and overdue reform of the global financial architecture. SDSN identifies six priorities for this reform: 1. Greatly increased funding for national and subnational governments and private businesses in the emerging economies, especially the low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs), to carry out needed SDG actions; 2. Revision of the credit-rating system and debt-sustainability metrics to facilitate long-term sustainable development; 3. Revision of the liquidity structures for LICs and LMICs, especially regarding sovereign debt, to forestall self-fulfilling banking and balance-of-payments crises; 4. Creation of ambitious, internationally-agreed criteria for sustainable finance that are mandatory for all public financial institutions in high-income countries (HICs), middle-income countries (MICs), and LICs alike. 5. Alignment of private business investment flows in all countries with the SDGs, through improved national planning, regulation, reporting, and oversight. 6. A reform of current institutional frameworks and development of new and innovative mechanisms to improve the quality and speed of deployment of international cooperation, and the monitoring of progress in an open and timely manner. 1. General Assembly Economic and Social Council, Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: Towards a Rescue Plan for People and Planet, Report of the Secretary-General, Special Edition, May 2023. https://hlpf.un.org/sites/default/flles/2023-04/SDG%20Progress%20 Report%20Special%20Edition.pdf 2. United Nations Secretary-General's SDG Stimulus to Deliver Agenda 2030, Feb 2023. https//www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/ uploads/2023/02/SDG-Stimulus-to-Deliver-Agenda-2030.pdf Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Overview III. All UN Member States should adopt long-term sustainable development pathways that provide a stepwise and medium- to long-term approach to guide their sustainable development policies, not only to 2030 but to 2050, with particular focus on gender equality, social inclusion, and the principal of leave no one behind'. We are facing a long-term set of challenges: resolving them must be the global priority for a generation to come. SDSN recommends that national pathways should include six key transformations:3 1. Universal quality education and innovation-based economy: a massive increase in investments in quality education and in science and technology innovation systems; 2. Universal health access and coverage: an expansion of health coverage to ensure universal access to both preventative and curative services; 3. Zero-carbon energy systems: the transition by 2050 of energy systems to net-zero emissions; 4. Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience: the transition to sustainable land use, healthy diets, and resilience to ongoing climate change; 5. Sustainable cities: urban infrastructure and services to ensure productive, safe, inclusive, and healthful cities for a world that will be around 70 percent urbanized in 2050; 6. Transformation to universal digital access and services: actions by governments at all levels to ensure universal access to digital services including online payments, finance, telemedicine, online education, and others, while ensuring privacy and online safety. 3. Sachs, J.D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M. et al. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. NatSustain 2,805-814 (2019). https://doi.org/! 0.1038A41893-019-0352-9 IV. All UN Member States should present, at regular intervals, their national SDG frameworks in the form of Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs).To date, 188 of the 193 UN Member States have already presented VNRs. Five countries (Haiti, Myanmar, South Sudan, the United States, and Yemen) have yet to do so, and should prepare to do so with urgency. V. All UN Member States should recommit to peaceful cooperation, in the service of the SDGs and all other multilateral agreements. Current geopolitical tensions are hindering SDG achievement and diverting financial and human resources away from sustainable development. Global spending on armaments, estimated at US$2.2 trillion in 2022, dwarfs financing for the SDGs and climate change. SDSN calls on all nations to renounce violence, live within the United Nations Charter, and settle conflicts through diplomacy, especially through the UN Security Council. VI. UN Member States should commit to accelerating SDG progress to 2030, and to setting even more ambitious SDG targets to 2050, incorporating the recent Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework and the High SeasTreaty. The report that follows offers SDSN's update on the state of the SDGs at their mid-point, highlighting the growing dangers of adverse environmental, social, and economic "tipping points"and identifying key ways that the global community can and should accelerate SDG progress. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework Introduction The SDGs are facing strong headwinds. Despite significant efforts in some places, national governments on all continents have fallen short in integrating the SDGs into national policies and public investments. Moreover, societal polarization, populism, and growing geopolitical conflict are hindering the global cooperation needed to achieve the SDGs. Civil society, including academic institutions, is becoming more constrained in the midst of intensifying political tensions.The international financial architecture is failing to channel global savings to SDG investments at the needed pace and scale. We emphasize that achieving the SDGs rests on five pillars of good governance: 1. Preparing long-term SDG pathways to guide public policy; 2. Ensuring SDG financing at the necessary scale and timing; 3. Promoting global cooperation and reducing geopolitical conflict and tension; 4. Supporting innovation to broaden social inclusion and environmental sustainability; 5. Regular reporting on SDG progress and performance. The SDGs are not only a public policy framework; they are an ethical imperative. They are grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which celebrates its 75th anniversary this year. The SDGs are based on its core premises; that "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights... and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood,"and that "it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations." As the Universal Declaration makes clear, and the SDGs make explicit, social justice and sustainable development require the full realization of the rights of all people. This includes equality of opportunities for girls and women (SDG 5), respect for the rights and voice of Indigenous peoples around the world, and a much larger role for young people, who will face the consequences of our (in) actions throughout the 21st century. The UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) is dedicated to finding and amplifying practical solutions to achieve the SDGs and closely-related global goals (such as the Paris climate agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework). We emphasize that all these global goals are interrelated and must be achieved together. Members of the SDSN Leadership Council offer the following assessments and recommendations to the UN Member States, the United Nations Agencies, international finance institutions, business, and civil society, based on more than a decade of research, measurement, advising, and partnerships across the world. Dire shortfalls in meeting the SDGs The SDGs are seriously off track (Figure 1.1). SDG progress was already very slow in the five years to 2020. According to the annual SDG Index, global achievement of the SDGs rose only slightly, from 64 percent in 2015 to 66 percent in 2019 - far too slowly to meet the goals by 2030, and with highly uneven progress within and between countries. Then with the onset of the pandemic, progress stopped. As of 2022, the global SDG Index is below 67%. At current trends, based on simple projections, there is a risk that the gap in SDG outcomes between HICs and LICs will be wider in 2030 (29 points) than it was in 2015 (28 points). This means that we are at risk of losing a decade of progress towards convergence globally (Figure 1.2). The multiple geopolitical crises in the world today will no doubt place further obstacles on the path to 2030. If we look at each of the 17 individual SDGs, not a single SDG is projected to be met at the global level. The world is also seriously off track to meet the Paris agreement climate targets and SDG 13 (Figure 1.3). Global warming as of 2022 stood at 1.2°C, with warming continuing at more than 0.3°C per decade.4 At this rate, the likelihood of overshooting 1.5°C, even within a decade, is very strong. According to the UNEP Emissions Gap Report2022, current policies put the world on track 4. Hansen, James et al. 2002. Earth's Energy Imbalance and Climate Response Time. http:/www.columbia.edu/~jehl/mailings/2022/ EarthEnergylmbalance.22December2022.pdf 4 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Dire shortfalls in meeting the SDGs Figure 1.1 SDG Index world average: pre-pandemic trend and trend needed to achieve the SDGs by 2030 100 85 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 • World Average Pre-pandemic trend Trend needed to achieve the SDGs Note: Pre-pandemic trend corresponds to the extrapolated annual growth rate over the period 2015-2019. See Part 2 for further details. Source: Authors analysis to reaching a disastrous 2.8°C warming by 2100.5 Current Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets, if implemented, would still lead to around 2.4°C warming by 2100. Even taking the net-zero pledges of many countries into account, best-case scenarios given current pledges would lead to around 1.8°C warming by 2100. Biodiversity targets (SDG 15 and targets agreed under the CBD) are also at grave risk. All dimensions of biodiversity, including species abundance, species diversity, and the functioning of ecosystems, are under threat. It has been announced that the current loss of species rate is 1,000-10,000 times more than the natural extinction rate. A combination of land-use change (e.g., dramatic increases of tropical deforestation), global warming, and pollution are driving more and more species, including entire families and orders of species, towards mass extinction. At the same time, Indigenous peoples who 5. UNEP. 2022. Emissions Gap Report. Available at https://www.unep.org/ resources/emissions-gap-report-2022. have been safeguarding and stewarding these resources for millennia are facing greater threats than ever. Water scarcity affects more than 40% of the world's population. An estimated 1.8 billion people depend on drinking water contaminated by human waste. Unsustainable water management practices, including chemical discharges into water supply systems for irrigation, affect the functioning of ecosystems services. Global resource consumption assessments for rare earth elements are critical. Although reserves of these elements do not exist in concentrated clusters - which make them inefficient for mining - certain countries are quite dominant in this field, producing 98% of the world's supply. As demand for rare earth elements is increasing tremendously, their scarcity is becoming more evident. Ocean goods and services (SDG 14 and the High Seas Treaty) are at severe risk due to full- to over-exploitation Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework Figure 1.2 Observed and projected gaps in SDG Index score between HICs and LICs (in percentage points) Note: Projected gap by 2030 is based on extrapolation of annual growth rate on the SDG Index over the period 2019-2021 Pre-pandemic projected gap is based on an extrapolation of SDG Index annual growth rates over the period 2015-2019. Source: Authors analysis of nearly 90% of global fish stocks.6The crises facing our oceans are unabated, multidimensional, and complex.These crises include the destruction of fisheries through over-fishing and the deployment of destructive technologies (such as ocean trawling); the destruction of coastal wetland ecosystems; the mass pollution of estuaries through fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus (causing eutrophication) and other chemical pollutants; acidification of the oceans (with an increase of 30% over the last 50 years due to rising atmospheric concentrations of C027); pollution of the high seas (including plastic waste and microplastics in marine food chains); the slowdown of ocean circulation due to climate change; explosions of invasive marine species due to increased shipping facilities; and rising sea levels (including the growing possibility of a rapid, multi-metre sea-level rise caused by the disintegration of parts of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets). Inland fisheries are also experiencing similar challenges. 6. The World Bank. 2017. Atlas of'Sustainable Development Goals. https://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgatlas/archive/2017/SDG-l 4-life-below-water.htm 7. Smithsonian Institution. 2018. Ocean Acidification. https://ocean. si.edu/ocean-life/invertebrates/ocean-acidification The 2021 UN Food Systems Summit raised many urgent concerns around improving the sustainability, affordability, and quality of food across the world (SDG 2). Overall, the Food Systems Summit highlighted the need for an integrated and global approach to addressing food systems challenges, including food security, rural development, the reduction of food waste, transparency along the value chain, sustainable diets, and the fight against climate change. Providing quality education (SDG 4) for all children is perhaps the single most important key to achieving sustainable development in the long term. The UN General Assembly's Transforming Education Summit held in September 2022 was a critical meeting to spur national and global efforts to transform education to give all people the skills and knowledge to end poverty, protect the environment, and build peaceful and inclusive societies.8 And yet, the truth remains that hundreds of millions of children are either out of school entirely or receiving such an under-funded and under-resourced education that they are failing to achieve basic literacy and numeracy even after several years of education. 8. UN Transforming Education Summit, 2022, https://www.un.org/en/ transforming-education-summit 6 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Planetary boundaries and geophysical tipping points Planetary boundaries and geophysical tipping points Humanity is eroding the biological and physical resilience of Earth's physical systems by transgressing environmental limits that endanger their functioning: the "planetary boundaries" that regulate the Earth system. The latest scientific assessments indicate that six of the nine planetary boundaries have been breached. The scientific evidence points to global risks well beyond climate change, including the loss of biodiversity and ecological functions, changes in natural land use configuration, overuse of both green and blue water, overloading of nitrogen and phosphorus, and widespread chemical pollution. One of the most ominous aspects of this rampant, and still uncontrolled, heedlessness is the likelihood of reaching multiple dire tipping points in the Earth's physical systems. Scientists have identified a large number of extremely dangerous potential tipping points, with linkages and dependencies across the different planetary boundaries. Tipping points are characterized by a non-linear response to gradual human forcings. Human-induced global warming could hit several tipping points that may in turn lead to further feedbacks (amplifications) of the warming. For example, as the Earth warms, sea ice melts, reducing the reflectance of solar radiation back into space and accelerating the warming. Similarly, melting permafrost in theTundra could release massive stores of C02 and methane, leading to rapid further warming. Another Figure 1.3 Projected global warming under alternative policy scenarios9 | Indicative emissions gap to 2°C and 1.5°C J pathways for the conditional NDC scenario ft Indicative emissions gap to 2°C and 1.5°C S pathways for the unconditional N DC scenario Estimated global warming over the twenty-first century Current policies scenario: 2.8°C (66% chance) Unconditional NDC scenario: 2.6°C (66% chance) Conditional NDC scenario: 2.4°C (66% chance) 2°C pathway Unconditional NDC scenario with net-zero targets: 1.8°C (66% chance) Conditional NDC scenario with net-zero targets: 1.8°C (66% chance) 1.5°C pathway 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 Source: UNEP, Emissions Gap Report2022 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 7 Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework tipping point would be the collapse of the world's rainforests due to warming (and associated drying) in the Amazon, Congo, and other tropical regions, which would release a massive new load of C02 into the atmosphere. Others include slowing or stopping the global ocean (thermohaline) circulation, and significant loss of coral reefs.10 Each of these potential tipping points would lead to global disaster on an unprecedented scale. The interconnected environmental, social, and health challenges can be characterized as a planetary health crisis, caused by human activities such as industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, and the burning of fossil fuels. The consequences of inaction in the face of this crisis are significant and far-reaching, affecting both the natural systems that sustain life on Earth and the well-being of human societies. Grave dangers of social tipping points Unless the SDGs are actively pursued, geophysical tipping points combined with technological disruptions could ignite disastrous social conflicts within and between nations. We must therefore acknowledge the real risk of negative "social tipping points" beyond which peaceful governance and co-existence breaks down, as it did in World War I and World War II. We firmly believe that international cooperation together with the achievement of the SDGs is the best preventative to this dire and growing risk, and represent an opportunity to create positive social tipping points: for example, through equal access to high-quality education (SDG 4), and by fighting all forms of inequalities, including income and wealth inequalities (SDG 10). We see across societies that inequalities are rising. Environmental crises weigh most heavily on the poorest and most marginalized individuals. At the same time, technological advances such as artificial intelligence and robotics have the potential to eliminate many working-class and professional jobs. The COVID-19 pandemic also severely depleted trust in governments. Many societies, and not only the poorest ones, are facing increased crises of governance, marked by political and social instability, general strikes, and a further loss of public confidence in government. Although all governments are in principle committed to economic justice as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and to the SDG tenets of leave no one behind'and 'reach the furthest behind first', too few are living up to these commitments, especially as powerful groups block adequate public support for weaker groups. In her 2022 report on the SDGs, E.Tendayi Achiume-UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance - noted that racism and racial discrimination are key barriers to sustainable development, and called attention to the failure of some States to collect disaggregated data on race, ethnicity, indigeneity, and migration status in the context of the 2030 Agenda. She noted however that, while disrupting the dynamic of racially discriminatory underdevelopment may require a greater transformation than is possible at this moment, the SDGs held untapped potential to advance both development and nondiscrimination.The report's recommendations include calling for more racially-disaggregated SDG indicators and for dialogue with stakeholders on how to use these indicators to better allocate resources and prioritize the inclusion of marginalized peoples." The geopolitical situation today is certainly the most conflictual in decades, perhaps since World War II. The rise of China has led to great tension between it and the 9. UNEP. 2022. Emissions Gap Report. Available at https://www.unep.org/ resources/emissions-gap-report-2022. 10. David I. Armstrong McKay, et al., Exceeding 1.5°C global warming could trigger multiple climate tipping points. Science377, eabn7950 (2022). DOI:10.1126/science.abn7950 11. Achiume, T. E. (2022). 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals and the fight against racial discrimination. Report of the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism, racial discrimination, xenophobia and related intolerance. A/HRC/50/60 (13 June-8 July 2022), available from https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/thematic-reports/ahrc5060-2030-agenda-sustainable-development-sustainable-development. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Investing in the SDGs United States, and much of the world is trying to adjust to the strains between these two major economies. The disastrous war in Ukraine has further destabilized and divided the world's nations. There are calls in many countries to increase military budgets, even as the SDGs are woefully underfunded at home and internationally. New records on global military spending were reached in 2022, totaling US$2.2 trillion, even as the most basic social services were under grave stress in many countries. Economic tipping points could accompany or be triggered by environmental, social, governance, and geopolitical tipping points. Banking failures are a prime example of an economic tipping point: the national economy deteriorates to the point where a financial crisis is triggered, in turn pushing the economy into a massive downturn. This was seen in the Great Depression of the 1930s and the Great Recession of 2008. Similarly, extreme poverty can lead to a collapse of tax revenues, followed by government bankruptcy and further economic collapse, a syndrome that now threatens dozens of poor countries. Investing in the SDGs Despite this ominous news, the SDGs are still achievable. None of their objectives are beyond our reach.12 Yes, the world is off-track, but that is all the more reason to double-down on the goals, rather than surrendering to human-made shortfalls in achieving them. Our future remains in our hands. At their core, the SDGs are an investment agenda. In the most basic terms, the world must devote an increased portion of current output to building up sustainable capital assets for the future, and must deploy such assets effectively. Sustainable capital assets are long-lasting capital resources that can enable the world to meet the agreed goals of economic well-being, social justice, and environmental sustainability. The world must both shift its current investment patterns and increase the overall investment flow in order to build the future we want. 12. Sachs JD, Schmidt-Traub G, Lafortune G., 2020. Speaking truth to power about the SDGs, Nature, https://www.nature.com/articles/ d41586-020-02373-7 Development practitioners have identified eight major kinds of capital assets: 1. Human capital: The skills and health of a productive citizenry, supported by universal health access and coverage, quality education, shared data and knowledge, promotion of a culture of peace and nonviolence, global citizenship, and the appreciation of cultural diversity. 2. Infrastructure: Energy production and distribution, land and sea transport, telecommunications, digital information services, public buildings (e.g., schools and hospitals), and safe water and sanitation. 3. Natural capital: The capacity and healthy functioning of ecosystems, to be protected by ending human-induced climate change, protecting biodiversity, sustainably managing freshwater resources, and eliminating toxic pollutants. 4. Innovation capital: The stock of intellectual property and data resulting from public and private research and development, creative cultural works, and responsibly governed and managed emerging technologies. 5. Business capital: Goods and services of true social value derived from utilizing the machinery, buildings, information resources, and other capital assets that underpin business productivity. 6. Social capital: Social trust and pro-social values, good governance and justice, freedom of speech and the press, trusted scientific capabilities, and international cooperation. 7. Urban capital: Spatial human settlements, notably in urban areas, that drive and support productive and creative interactions across the other seven capital assets. 8. Cultural capital: Appreciation of the diversity of cultures, value systems, languages, the traditional knowledge systems of Indigenous peoples, and artistic expressions. These capital assets are complementary; that is, they work together in a mutually-supportive manner. A business cannot be productive if its workers lack skills and health, or if there is no electricity, piped water, Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework transport, or digital access. A society cannot function peacefully if there is a breakdown of social capital. A city cannot function without water. Challenges such as decarbonization cannot be met with existing technologies alone, and so depend on continued innovation and scientific research, especially in countries where investment is low. There is no hope of achieving global food security for more than eight billion people unless Earth's natural capital is protected. And there is no hope for global peace unless there is respect for, and investment in, cultural capital and cultural diversity. To achieve the SDGs, the world must invest boldly, amply, and consistently in all eight kinds of capital. These investments must involve both governments and corporations. For example, while business capital is mainly the purview of the private sector, human capital is mainly the purview of the public sector. Governments too must take the lead in protecting natural capital, while civil society especially must promote social and cultural capital, including mutual understanding across cultures and nations. Infrastructure capital and innovation capital tend to be financed roughly equally by the public and private sectors. For example, governments tend to finance power transmission grids, while the private sector tends to finance power generation. Governments generally finance basic scientific research, while businesses focus on applied R&D. Parallel to investing in the SDGs, the world needs to stop investing in activities that threaten planetary boundaries, destroy human and natural capital, and harm social cohesion. Curtailing the extraction and use of fossil fuels is of paramount importance. To curb harmful investments, regulatory measures, including fair and sustainable taxation and the dismantling of unsustainable subsidies, need to be an integral element of the SDG investment agenda. In 2022, the United Nations Secretary-General appointed a High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism, with a mandate to develop a list of concrete, actionable recommendations to improve international cooperation and advance the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.The Board's 2023 report lists six areas for action that are directly aligned with the SDGs and SDSN's recommendations: rebuilding trust in multilateralism, safeguarding our planet and its people, scaling up and improving the efficacy of global finance, improving data systems and their governance, and promoting peace.13 Failures (and some successes) of national SDG governance The most important level of decision-making remains the nation-state. Nation-states hold the primary responsibility for achieving the SDGs. They are members of the United Nations and the signatories of United Nations treaties. They hold juridical responsibility for implementing treaty agreements and the rest of the United Nations architecture, including the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and the SDGs. National governments must ensure both the domestic implementation of the SDGs, including the reduction of negative spillovers, and international implementation by building a global governance and financial architecture that delivers the SDGs. Crucially, national government must also work with subnational governments to implement the SDG agenda at the local level, including sustainable urban infrastructure, delivery of social services, and ensuring safe communities. Virtually all governments of the world have embraced the SDGs in principle. 188 of 193 UN Member States have submitted VNRs for comment by the other nations. Only five countries, notably the United States, Haiti, Myanmar, South Sudan, and Yemen, have never presented VNRs. Four of these countries are wracked by violence and poverty. The case of the United States stands as a glaring exception. The Nordic countries and European Union have shown considerable support for the SDGs. So too have many developing countries in the G20. However, many governments of developing countries have made 13. High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB), 2022. A Breakthrough for People and Planet: Effective and Inclusive Global Governance forToday and the Future, https://www. highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough 10 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Failures (and some successes) of national SDG governance only low to moderate SDG commitments, although of course these countries have also not received the financing needed to support the Goals.14 In many cases, national SDG strategies remain disconnected from core government policies and priorities. These are some of the findings of SDSN's annual (2023) survey on government efforts and commitments for the SDGs, which is conducted in close cooperation with our global network of experts and practitioners. Of 74 governments analyzed, we see large differences in terms of government efforts and commitments (see Part 3). The greatest responsibility for achieving the SDGs and safeguarding the planetary boundaries lies with the G20 members. These countries represent more than 80% of global GDP, around 70% of the world's forests, more than 60% of the earth's population, and more than 50% of its landmass.The G20 countries account for 90% of global lignite and coal extraction and more than 60% of global oil and gas production. The United States, as the world's biggest economy in terms of GDP at market prices and its biggest oil and gas producer, has a responsibility both to itself and to the rest of the world to immediately embark on an ambitious transformation towards the SDGs, as well as towards other global climate and biodiversity goals. With the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act, the Biden government announced its intention to reduce carbon emissions by roughly 40 percent from 2005 levels by 2030, although there are growing concerns that outcomes will lag behind these goals, due in part to the legislation's lack of an agreed national financing strategy other than tax credits. This and other policy measures fall short, however, of the scope and ambition of the SDGs. Overall, the United States has so far shown very little commitment to the SDGs. We call on the United States to formulate an SDG action plan and to present a VNR to the High-Level Political Forum. The European Union - the world's second-largest economy and its major lignite producer - has produced the European Green Deal (EGD), which is exemplary in many regards. Many EU member states demonstrate a high or moderate SDG commitment.The EGD embraces an EU-wide set of goals, timelines to 2050, and financing strategies across major dimensions of the SDGs: energy decarbonization, climate resilience, circular economy (to cut pollution), sustainable agriculture (the"farm-to-fork" strategy), digital access, and innovation. EU-wide financial resources, notably the EU Recovery and Resilience Facility, were mobilized to support the EGD. The European Regional Development Fund, which provides the EU cohesion funds, is also directed towards the EGD. The Horizon Europe program and EU Missions in Horizon Europe catalyze the EU's efforts to stimulate innovation and identify concrete solutions for the EGD. However, the EGD and EU policies at large lack a comprehensive alignment to the SDGs, politically agreed targets for many SDG indicators, and clarity on how to achieve the SDGs. The EU has also highlighted the strategic role of the private sector in achieving the SDGs, by implementing a new directive asking companies to publish sustainability reports and, in particular in the food sector, by promoting the"Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Business and Marketing Practices" a tool for setting out the actions that agri-food companies can voluntarily commit to in order to tangibly improve and communicate their sustainability performance. SDSN's Europe SDR emphasizes the importance of living up to the ambitions of the EGD and the SDGs, both inside the EU as well as in the EU's foreign actions, despite the multiple crises faced.15 In July 2023, the EU is set to present its first Union-wide voluntary review at the United Nations. This presents a good opportunity for the EU to send a strong message to the international community, and to demonstrate its commitment to and leadership on the SDGs. China, as the world's largest economy in purchasing-power-adjusted terms and its biggest coal producer, intends to implement the SDGs by integrating them into its medium and long-term national development strategies, such as its five-year plans. China has already presented two VNRs to the HLPF (2016 and 2021). The 14. Lafortune, G., Fuller, G., Bermont Diaz, L, Kloke-Lesch, A., Koundouri, P., Riccaboni, A. (2022). Achieving the SDGs: Europe's Compass in a Multipolar World. Europe Sustainable Development Report 2022. SDSN - and SDSN Europe. France: Paris, https://eu-dashboards.sdgindex.org 15. ibid. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework 14th five-year plan referred to the 2030 Agenda mainly in the context of international cooperation. Recently, China has reiterated its support for the SDGs, such as in greening its Belt and Road Initiative and launching the Global Development Initiative as a worldwide effort. A key measure for China will be the explicit integration of the SDGs'domestic and international implementation into the 15th five-year plan (2026-2030). Some other G20 countries have shown weak commitments to the SDGs in recent years. Many of the poor performers, such as Brazil, recently elected new governments that have staked out a far more ambitious position vis-á-vis the SDGs. We urge all G20 governments to show the leadership required of them. Most of the low-income and lower-middle income countries, home to more than the half of humanity, face major challenges in achieving most of the SDGs by 2030. Many of them lack an adequately high SDG commitment, and almost all lack access to the necessary financial means to implement the SDGs. At the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, all countries, poorer and richer alike, should use the half-way momentum to self-critically review and revise their national strategies, using the principles of the 2030 Agenda (transformative, integrated, inclusive, leaving no one behind) as a yardstick. Across the globe, we need to leave the comfort zones of political leaders and question the obstacles of outmoded ideologies, habits, and weak governance. We also need responsible business leadership leaving their comfort zone to establish SDG-compatible business models and appropriate business governance.16 16. Leisinger, Klaus M. Integrity in Business and Society, CRT publications, Minneapolis, United States, December 2021 Failures of global governance Achieving the SDGs will require a transformative global approach. Yet current methods and mechanisms for implementing the Agenda largely reflect pre-2015 world realities and are far from meeting the universality and transformative ambition of the SDGs. Four basic failures stand out: First, implementation is largely left to the national level and on a voluntary basis, without effective multilateral enforcement mechanisms in place. Second, developed countries are not being held to account, neither for their adverse spillovers, nor for ensuring adequate flows of financing for sustainable development. Third, the rules governing trade and international finance are not geared towards the SDGs. For example, globalized trade rules for'cleantech'could accelerate the energy transition and offer protections to workers, however such rules have not been negotiated or agreed upon. Unifying international business ecosystems could similarly improve industrial supply chains, particularly by leveraging artificial intelligence. And fourth, national governments typically lack'vertical'coordination with subnational governments for SDG implementation. Both the 2030 Agenda and the Paris Climate Agreement established mechanisms to encourage and monitor their implementation by nation-states. However, experience so far with VNRs and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), respectively, demonstrate that these mechanisms - despite some progress - have not delivered the effort necessary to achieve global goals. Even the progress on consistent national reporting on SDG indicators is inadequate. There are no assessments or recommendations by the respective secretariats or decision-making bodies on the adequacy or further enhancement of national implementation, let alone measures of enforcement. This is especially important for those SDGs where national (non-)compliance has significant externalities for the global community and avoiding threats to the planetary boundaries. There are lessons to be learned from international agreements in other fields like trade, human rights, or international peace and security; these can be translated and refined to support sustainable development. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Failures of the global financial architecture Failures of the global financial architecture The "global financial architecture" (GFA) refers to the complex system of public and private finance that channels the world's saving to the world's investment. The GFA includes multilateral institutions (for example, IMF and World Bank), national and local budgets, public borrowing and debts, and private equity and debt financing. Financial institutions that intermediate savings and investment play a key role, including national and multilateral development banks (publicly owned banks that borrow from capital markets to on-lend funds to public and private entities), sovereign wealth funds, private-sector banks, insurance funds, pension funds, asset management funds, venture capital, credit rating agencies, and others. The global financial architecture falls short in the following six ways: 1. Deep, chronic, and crippling under-investment in virtually all low-income countries (LICs) and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). In 2022, Investment per person in the LICs averaged a meagre US$175 per person, compared with US$11,535 per person in the HICs. (Table 1.1). In fact, investment as a share of GDP was lower in the LICs (20.9%) than in all other income categories. The poor are consequently languishing in poverty. 2. Most LICs and LMICs (and many small-island developing states [SIDS], including those that are UMICs) lack the credit ratings to borrow on acceptable terms (Table 1.2) 3. LICs, LMICs, and SIDS are highly vulnerable to self-fulfilling liquidity crises and balance of payments crises, making it nearly impossible for these countries to implement a long-term sustainable investment strategy. 4. HICs are able to mobilize vast financial resources very quickly, as seen during the 2008 financial crisis, the pandemic, and the war in Ukraine. Yet they are not prepared to mobilize such resources for global sustainable development, despite the urgency and previous promises regarding development assistance and climate financing. 3- (D u z ■n 3 (D S o 7T 5. Private capital markets continue to direct large flows of private saving to unsustainable technologies and practices, delaying decarbonization of the world's energy system and underpinning destruction of the world's ecosystems. 6. International cooperation is trapped by bureaucratic institutional frameworks that reduce the speed, efficacy, and efficiency of funding to meet the SDGs, and that fail to provide the framework for large-scale SDG financing. It is widely recognized that the world needs to overhaul the GFA. Such an overhaul should address the failures above and aim to achieve six objectives: 1. Greatly increase funding to national and subnational governments and private businesses in the emerging economies, especially the LICs and LMICs, to carry out the needed investments. 2. Revise the credit rating system and debt sustainability metrics to facilitate long-term sustainable development. 3. Revise liquidity structures for LICs,LMICs, and SIDS, especially regarding sovereign debts, to forestall self-fulfilling banking and balance-of-payments crises. 4. Create ambitious and internationally-agreed upon criteria for sustainable finance that are mandatory for all public financial institutions in HICs, MICs, and LICs alike. 5. Align private business investment flows in all countries with the SDGs, through improved national planning, regulation, reporting, and oversight. 6. Reform current institutional frameworks and develop new, innovative mechanisms to improve the quality and speed of deployment of international cooperation, and monitor progress in an open and timely manner. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 13 Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework Table 1.1 Global Population, Investment, and GDP by World Bank Income Category (% of World Total) Population Investment GDP LIC 8.0% 0.4% 0.5% LMIC 43.2% 11.9% 10.7% UMIC 32.7% 37.4% 28.5% HIC 16.1% 50.3% 60.3% Source: IMF World Economic Outlook, October 2022 Table 1.2 Credit Ratings by Income Category Number of UN Member States Countries with a Moody's rating Countries with an investment-grade rating Countries with an investment-grade rating, % Population with an investment-grade rating, % LIC 28 9 0 0.0% 0.0% LMIC 54 36 3 5.6% 52.8% UMIC 52 40 10 19.2% 70.2% HIC 59 52 45 76.3% 98.3% WORLD 193 137 58 30.1% 60.5% Source: Moody's and World Bank (2023) SDSN's strategy to achieve the SDGs Overhauling global governance mechanisms and the global financial architecture is fundamental to unlocking needed investments for sustainable development and ending non-sustainable practices.The GFA includes not only strictly financial mechanisms, but also public policies regarding budgets and regulation. Moreover, public policies must be pursued at all levels: globally through treaties such as the UNFCCC; regionally, such as through the European Union, the African Union, and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN); nationally, through national plans and budgets; and locally, at the provincial and city level, including through city networks. The GFA also requires alignment of the private sector with the SDGs, brought about through regulation, incentives (such as tax incentives or carbon pricing), and management practices. The SDG policy agenda is complex. The SDGs call for lasting, long-term, directed change. For governments to combine the objectives of economic development, social inclusion, transparency, energy decarbonization, climate adaptation, water resources and sanitation, biodiversity conservation, digital access, gender equality, circular economy, over-harvesting, universal 14 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus SDSN's strategy to achieve the SDGs health access and coverage, and universal (pre-primary, primary, and secondary) high-quality public education, is daunting. These challenges are far more complex than the typical aims of government. They are long-term, technology-based, and capital intensive, replete with technological and political uncertainties, inherently a blend of public and private actions, and in need of coordinated investments and planning with neighboring countries. SDSN puts a great emphasis on long-term national planning, to coordinate public investments, regulations, and incentive structures over a time horizon of 20-30 years. Our special emphasis is on pathway analysis to help governments and business design long-term investment plans. For that reason, the SDSN first pioneered the concept of "Deep Decarbonization Pathways" in the lead-up to the Paris Agreement, to show governments how they could plan their energy investments during the time period 2015-2050.The SDSN's initiative contributed to the concept of Long-term Low-Emission Development Strategies (LEDS) built into the Paris Agreement (Article 4.19). All countries are to prepare and submit long-term LEDS for submission to the UNFCCC. SDSN also launched the Global Climate Hub to continue this work.17 SDSN is also leading global efforts, in cooperation with the Food and Land Use (FOLU) Coalition and other partners, to define long-term sustainable food and land-use pathways via the Food, Agriculture, Biodiversity, Land-Use, and Energy (FABLE) Consortium.18 SDSN has joined the Group on Earth Observations (GEO)19 as a Participating Organization, supporting the efforts of this voluntary intergovernmental community to focus national, international, and private sector investments in Earth observations on urgent SDG needs. 17. SDSN Global Climate Hub Website. Accessed May 16,2023. https:// unsdsn.globalclimatehub.org. 18. Mosnier, A., Schmidt-Traub, G., Obersteiner, M. etal. How can diverse national food and land-use priorities be reconciled with globa sustainability targets? Lessons from the FABLE initiative. Sustain Sci 18, 335-345 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/sl 1625-022-01227-7 19. Earth Observations Available at: https://earthobservations.org Long-term investment plans are essential for national success in meeting the SDGs. SDSN has recommended six inter-related long-term transformations:20 1. Universal quality education and innovation-based economy 2. Universal health access and coverage 3. Zero-carbon energy systems 4. Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience 5. Sustainable cities 6. Transformation to universal digital access and services Each of these challenges will require large-scale public and private investments to mid-century, technological transformation, and a sound financing strategy. None can be solved by the private sector alone; indeed, governments will have to take the lead to design policy and financial frameworks within which business can profitably invest and innovate. The Sustainable Development Report 2023 identifies five levers to be deployed to bring about the necessary transformations: governance, economy and finance, individual and collective action, science and technology, and capacity building. The development of financing strategies could be supported by using the methodology of integrated national financing frameworks, whichare already being developed in more than 80 countries globally. Planning for the long term, however, illuminates the global financial architecture's Achilles heel. While the high-income countries (HICs) and upper-middle income countries (UMICs) can and should, in principle, finance these transformations via a combination of budget outlays, public-sector borrowing, and private financing (equity and debt), this is surely not true of the low-Income countries (LICs) and the lower middle-income countries 20. Sachs, J.D., Schmidt-Traub, G., Mazzucato, M. et al. Six Transformations to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. Nat Sustain 2, 805-814 (2019). https://doi.org/!0.1038/s41893-019-0352-9 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 15 Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework (LMICs). Careful research by the SDSN and the International Monetary Fund has revealed the very large financing gap facing nations in the poorer half of the world.21 According to IMF estimates in 2019, the financing gap facing 57 low-income developing countries (LICs and LMICs that are eligible for IMF concessional financing) to cover very basic investments in health, education, power, roads, and water and sanitation was in the order of US$300 billion to US$500 billion per year.22 Even the most basic economic needs are currently out of reach for roughly half the world. And these IMF estimates do not yet begin to include the full costs of energy decarbonization, climate adaptation, losses and damages from climate-related disasters, digital access, or urban infrastructure. Adding in these extra needs, the global SDG financing gap is perhaps US$1 trillion peryear,or roughly 1% of gross world product (GWP) at market prices. As a rough rule of thumb based on work by SDSN and the IMF, the LICs need roughly 20% of their GDP in increased SDG investment outlays while the LMICs need roughly 10%, though precise amounts vary by country. To make sure that existing financial resources and the required additional resources are used for sustainable investments, international finance institutions must fully incorporate achieving the SDGs and safeguarding the planetary boundaries into their core mandates, and monitor these regarding all countries, poorer and richer alike. Global infrastructure programs like China's Belt and Road, the EU's Global Gateway, or the United States'Build Back Better World initiatives must be much better aligned with the SDGs and coordinated with each other. 21. Gaspar, Vitor et al. 2019. Fiscal Policy and Development: Human, Social, and Physical Investment for the SDGs. IMF Staff Discussion Note. https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Staff-Discussion-Notes/ ssues/2019/01/18/Fiscal-Policy-and-Development-Human-Socialand-Physical-lnvestments-for-the-SDGs-46444 22. ibid. The urgent need for an SDG Stimulus In his opening address to the UN General Assembly on September 20, 2022, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called on the G20 to launch an "SDG Stimulus" to offset the deteriorating market conditions faced by developing countries and to accelerate progress towards the SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement.23 SDSN provided the Secretariat of a High-Level Informal Working Group for the SDG Stimulus (HLIWG),24 that made the case for an SDG Stimulus of an additional US$500 billion per year by 2025 of SDG finance. The SDG Stimulus plan recommended by the High-Level Working Group and introduced by SG Guterres last February25 has five main components: 1. Increased funding from the Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) and Public Development Banks (PDBs) to developing countries, linked to investments in the SDGs, a need echoed in the 2023 report of the High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism26 2. Enhancement of the Debt Service Suspension Initiative (DSSI) and debt relief for countries facing debt distress 3. Expansion of liquidity by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and major central banks 4. Empowerment and expansion of the specialized global funds 5. Expansion of private philanthropy, with focus on ultrahigh net worth individuals 23. Guterres, A. The Secretary-General: Address to the General Assembly. New York, 20 September 2022. https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/ speeches/2022-09-20/secretary-generals-address-the-general-assembly 24. The High-Level Informal Working Group is co-convened by Ms. Amina Mohammed, Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations and Professor Jeffrey Sachs, University Professor, Columbia University. Members: Dr. Amar Bhattacharya, Brookings: Mr. Navid Hanif UN DESA: Dr. Homi Kharas, Brookings: Dr. Mahmoud Mohieldin, United Nations: Mr. Remy Rioux, AFD: Dr. Rajiv Shah, Rockefeller: Mr. Achim Steiner, UNDP. 25. United Nations Secretary-General. 2023. SDG Stimulus To Deliver Agenda2030. https:/www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/SDG-Stimulus-to-Deliver-Agenda-2030.pdf 26. High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism (HLAB), 2022. A Breakthrough for People and Planet: Effective and Inclusive Global Governance for Today and the Future, https://www. highleveladvisoryboard.org/breakthrough Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Regional cooperation and sustainable development The urgent objective of the SDG Stimulus is to address -in practical terms and at scale - the chronic shortfall of international SDG financing facing the LICs and LMICs, and to ramp up financing flows by at least US$500 billion by 2025. The most important component of the stimulus plan is a massive expansion of loans by the multilateral development banks, backed by new rounds of paid-in capital by HIC members. Working together with the IMF and the MDBs, the emerging countries also need to strengthen their debt management and creditworthiness by integrating their borrowing policies with tax policies, export policies, and liquidity management, all to prevent future liquidity crises. The G20 Bali Leaders'Declaration noted another important point, which is the need to expand and enhance innovative financing mechanisms, including blended finance, as well as improving transparency and mutual accountability. It is also vital to share fairly and globally the burden of financing for human-induced adaptation and losses and damages (L&D) among responsible countries, and to respond to the needs of vulnerable countries and small island developing states (SIDS).27 Enhanced global governance for theSDGs The SDGs are not yet properly incorporated into global governance. Systems coherence, and ultimate success in meeting the SDGs, leads us to the following recommendations: 1. All United Nations agencies should put the SDGs at the centerpiece of their strategies, programs, and reporting. 2. The World Bank and the other MDBs should put the SDGs at the center of their financing strategies, performance reviews, and reporting. 27. Sachs et al. 2021 .The Decade of Action and Small Island Developing States: Measuring and addressing SIDS'vulnerabilities to accelerate SDG progress, https://irp.cdn-website.com/be6dl d56/files/uploaded/ WP_MVI_Sachs%20Massa%20Marinescu%20Lafortune_FINAL_ cVeeBVm KSKyYYS60yi iH.pdf 3. The IMF should build its national reviews (Article IV), debt sustainability framework (DSF), and country programming around the public policies and financing needed for national success in achieving the SDGs. 4. The G20 should organize its financial cooperation, reporting, and metrics around the reform of the GFA, as needed to achieve the SDGs. 5. All UN Member States should present VNRs at least once every three years. It is especially urgent that the five countries that have not yet presented VNRs should do so no later than 2024. 6. United Nations agencies, multilateral organizations, and Member States need to increase investment in, and coordination of, national and international data and statistical systems and scientific capacity to assess SDG progress and support sustainable development decision making and investment, including disaggregated data by region, social stratification, and other criteria as helpful. Regional cooperation and sustainable development One of the consistent findings of the SDSN is that SDG success requires strong cooperation at the regional level. Neighboring countries share ecosystems (rivers, forests, fishing zones, wetlands) and must cooperate to protect them. Strong regional partnerships are needed to achieve regional objectives. The great seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea, are under severe threat from chemical and plastics pollution, and must be protected by all countries whose rivers feed these seas. Moreover, regional cooperation is needed to promote technological and social innovations. For example, the Mediterranean region is a hot spot for climate change, threatened also by urbanization, economic pressures, and geo-political crises. Nonetheless, it is recognized as the birthplace of the"Mediterranean diet,"with an Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 17 Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework agri-food sector with the potential to meet the increased demand for healthy, sustainable foods in the future. Transport, zero-carbon power, and digital (fiberoptic) backbones depend on regional-scale grids. For all of these reasons and more, neighboring countries must cooperate deeply to build infrastructure and share data and knowledge, and to implement sustainable development policies. Regional international policies and agreements should be based on available scientific knowledge. SDSN calls for, and is actively supporting, the development of similar regional-based sustainability plans with associated financing. SDSN is closely following and supporting the EU's endeavors to achieve the SDGs, inter alia by the EU's European Green Deal. The EU Green Deal has great potential to bring about transformation both within the EU and beyond, including the larger European and Mediterranean region, and even Africa. SDSN is working with the ASEAN Secretariat and member states to help develop the ASEAN Green Deal, introduced in 2022 under the ASEAN Presidency of Cambodia. SDSN is supporting the African Development Bank to develop a strategic plan to accelerate Africa's sustainable development, with the aim of the African Union achieving high-income status and sustainable development by 2063, the 100th anniversary of the Organization of African Unity. SDSN is working with the Amazon Basin nations, through the Scientific Panel of the Amazon, to develop a regional strategy for the conservation and sustainable development of the Amazon. In that capacity, the SDSN is also supporting new partnerships between the rainforest countries of the Amazon Basin, the Congo Basin, and Southeast Asia for a global financing mechanism to protect all three tropical rainforest regions. Protection and sustainable management of rainforest ecosystems through related standardization will support their impact assessment on a global basis. The sub-national level Provincial, metropolitan, and city governments are typically at the front line in achieving the SDGs. Nearly 60 percent of the world population now lives in urban areas, and that proportion is likely to rise to at least 70 percent, and probably higher, by mid-century. Moreover, cities constitute at least 85 percent of total world output and energy use. What happens in cities will determine the future of the world, and the success or failure in sustainable development. Local governments have the front-line responsibility for implementing universal health systems, places in school for all children, safe water and sanitation, public transport services, adequate housing, and physical safety in the local environment (from crime, toxic wastes, and natural hazards). This is why mayors and city councils around the world have rallied to the SDGs, even if their local leadership is sometimes under-appreciated and under-noted because national governments tend to hold the limelight at the United Nations, with the MDBs, and in the media. Cities face one other chronic problem. While they are largely responsible for service delivery, it is national governments that, by and large, collect revenue to fund public investments and social services. Cities are therefore caught between front-line responsibility and back-of-the-line access to the necessary public financing. SDSN recognizes this gap in the practical means of implementation of city governments, and is currently working with the major urban thinktanks and global urban networks (including the C40 and ICLEI) to address the challenge of sub-national financing of the SDGs. This initiative will be launched in Paris in during the June Summit for a New Global Financial Pact. 18 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus The continuing efforts of the SDSN Global peace as the prerequisite for sustainable development SDG 16 recognizes the vital role of peaceful and inclusive societies, and SDG 17 underscores the need for global outreach and cooperation to achieve the Goals. Peace and global cooperation must not become mere slogans.They are ever more vital to human survival in an age when both nuclear weapons and environmental devastation threaten the very survival of humanity. We recall in this context the powerful truth spoken by United States President John F. Kennedy more than 60 years ago, when he declared/The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life." Peace and global cooperation mean nothing less and nothing more than choosing the end of human poverty over the end of human life. We take note of the dire warning of the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, which recently moved the hands of its Doomsday Clock to just 90 seconds from midnight, the closest to Armageddon in the Clock's 76-year history/largely (though not exclusively) because of the mounting dangers of the war in Ukraine."We commend global leaders who "oppose the use of or the threat to use nuclear weapons"28 and urge all sides to follow this call. Had the negotiations underway in March 2022 between Russia and Ukraine been successfully concluded, countless lives would have been saved and the devastation of Ukraine's cities would have been spared. The world would have escaped the current tumult of soaring food and energy prices and other financial dislocations. We would not be even closer to nuclear Armageddon. International relations scholars have powerfully described the "tragedy" of great power conflict. They warn that the jostling for power - or hegemonic domination - ends in tragic wars. We cannot afford such a tragedy in our world today. The world is indeed very different now, as we live under the threat of nuclear war, and even nuclear annihilation. We need not only technological know-how, but also diplomatic know-how, to respect global diversity and to settle international disputes peacefully. 28. Xinhua. 2022. Xi meets German Chancellor Olaf Scholz. https://english news.cn/20221104/f544bca38c33443186d3de8b3d0a9a27/c.html The continuing efforts of the SDSN The SDSN was created in 2012, soon after the Rio+20 Summit which mobilized the world's universities, think tanks, and national laboratories on behalf of the SDGs. SDSN's mission was fourfold: scholarly research, educational innovation, and partnerships, convening power, and outreach to the public. We are proud of our efforts since 2012 in these four areas. The SDSN is now a global network of more than 1,900 member organizations, mainly universities, organized in 53 national and regional chapters.The SDSN convenes global university leadership on behalf of shared activities to support sustainable development. In 2022, hundreds of university presidents brainstormed and shared best practices in aligning their institutions with the SDGs. SDSN membership continues to grow rapidly, and new national and regional chapters are regularly launched. We aim to ensure that institutions of higher learning and public policy research centres in all 193 UN Member States are actively part of the SDSN. The SDSN's flagship educational initiative, the SDG Academy, directly reaches hundreds of thousands of learners each year, with an expanding provision of free, world-class educational offerings. In 2023, the SDSN is working with universities around the world to launch further low-cost master's degrees in sustainable development, in an effort to dramatically increase the number of students reached each year. SDSN is working closely with the UNESCO SDG 4 High-Level Steering Committee on these two major issues, via Mission 4.7 through an SDG Academy Partnership with the Open Education Resources Recommendation team at UNESCO.29The International Commission on the Futures of Education recognizes that open education resources are essential for supporting students, educators, and young professionals on their education for sustainable development (ESD) journeys.30The UNESCO Recommendation on open education resources was endorsed by all Member States in November 2019. In September 2022, at the 29. Mission4.7. Available from: https://www.mission4point7.org 30. UNESCO, Futures of Education, International Commission. Available from: https://en.unesco.org/futuresofeducation/international-commission Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 19 Part 1. How to Achieve the SDGs: The SDSN Framework Transforming Education Summit in New York, the United Nations Secretary-General announced a number of global initiatives. One of them is the International Financing Facility for Education.31 Another is the Gateways to Public Digital Learning project32 to ensure equitable access to and resources for digital learning. The SDG Academy33 is also building partnerships around professional training to upskill employees and make them future-ready for implementing the SDGs and Paris Agreement. Ideally, at every stage of life, individuals should understand how they coexist in harmony with people and the planet. We may not wish to harm people, or our common home, but all of us must"go back to school" and learn how to create positive linkages to people and nature in everyday activities, at home and at work. SDSN will endeavor to support professional training and lifelong learning across all sectors. Another key dimension of the SDSN's work is supporting governments, at all levels, to understand the implications of policy choices and to make evidence-based and forward-looking decisions. SDSN engages in a wide range of intergovernmental processes, including the G20, G7, UNFCCC, CBD meetings, and World Health Assembly. These fora are critical to encourage international collaboration, promote peace, and implement the recommendations contained within this document, in particular on SDG finance. SDSN remains at the disposal of all stakeholders to analyze pathways and scenarios, and to leverage knowledge to make sound decisions. All UN Member States and United Nations agencies can count on the continued efforts and energies of the SDSN around the world to support all governments, businesses, and civil society to embrace and align with the SDGs on sustainable development. 31. Guterres, A. Secretary-General's remarks to the Press on the Internationa Finance Facility for Education [as delivered], 17 September 2022. https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/press-encounter/2022-09-l 7/ secretary-generals-remarks-the-press-the-international-finance-facility-for-education-delivered 32. United Nations, Gateways to Public Digital Learning, 19 September 2022. https://www.un.org/en/transforming-education-summit/ gateways-public-digital-learning 33. SDG Academy. Available from: https://sdgacademy.org Sustainable development to 2030 and 2050 The tasks of sustainable development - ensuring material human well-being and security, social inclusion and justice, environmental sustainability, and global cooperation to secure peace and sustainable development - are not just tasks to 2030. They are the preeminent tasks of the coming generations, enshrined in several documents including the 2030 Agenda (2015) and UNESCO's Declaration on the Responsibilities of the Present Generations Towards Future Generations (1997). They are the work of the 21st century. We conclude by underscoring the vital, life-affirming importance of four key international agreements: the Sustainable Development Goals, the Paris Climate Agreement, the Kunming-Montreal Framework for Biodiversity, and the High Seas Treaty. These are signal achievements of humanity, to have come together across all nations to adopt a common set of challenges. As we have emphasized in this statement, our major challenge today is matching these soaring ambitions with the means to achieve them, most importantly, the financial resources and regulatory conditions for the investments needed to achieve these goals. At the mid-point of the SDG agenda, we are far off target. Yet we have gained ground. Almost all governments have committed to adopting SDG-based action plans; technologies have advanced that can support the goals (such as green energy, green transactions, green jobs, Earth observations, and artificial intelligence); and there is growing regional cooperation to achieve the goals on the ground, through shared investments, knowledge, and policies. Achieving the SDGs requires more than "normal politics". Governments are only now learning how to design integrated strategies that address economic, social, and environmental objectives in tandem. Governments are only now mapping out pathways to mid-century to meet crucial energy, healthcare, and education objectives, among others. Governments are only now establishing R&D funds to promote breakthroughs in key technologies that will expand their power and 20 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Sustainable development to 2030 and 2050 reduce their costs. Governments are only now building the digital platforms and data networks that integrated strategies will depend on. And governments are only now, many years late, turning their attention to the chronic and deep shortcomings of the GFA. Sustainable human development is a multi-dimensional process. The balance between the ecological, economic, social, and cultural spheres, together with political, ethical, and cultural aspects, must be nurtured. Open sharing of data and knowledge across these dimensions is essential to building trust and cooperation. People of good will must choose and act coherently in their private and in their professional lives to further the common good. For these reasons, we end our message with two urgent and timely calls for action: First, that UN Member States, at the 2023 SDG Summit and the 2024 Summit of the Future, recommit boldly, strongly, and proactively to the SDGs, accelerate progress to 2030, and adopt even more ambitious SDG targets and objectives to mid-century, also incorporating recent international agreements on oceans and biodiversity. As the aims of the 2030 Agenda are ever-evolving, and linked to many processes, we call on academia, civil society, and business to develop proposals on how this agenda can be enhanced and enforced in the decade(s) to come. Second, UN Member States, starting with the G20 meeting this September in India, should adopt an SDG Stimulus to accelerate progress towards the SDGs by 2030 and enhance global governance for enforcing the implementation of the SDGs by all countries. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 21 I 2 * TheSDG Index and Dashboards Part 2 The SDG Index and Dashboards The SDG Index and Dashboards track the annual progress of all 193 UN Member States towards the SDGs (Box 2.1). At the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, however, the SDGs are far off track. Despite the world improving on average half a point per year on the SDG Index between 2015 and 2019 (which was already too slow) progress has stalled since the outbreak of the pandemic and the onset of other overlapping crises. And while most high-income countries (HICs) were able to mitigate the socioeconomic impacts of these multiple crises through automatic stabilizers, emergency expenditures, and recovery plans, there has been limited progress on environmental and biodiversity goals, including SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14 (Life Below Water) and SDG 15 (Life on Land), including in countries that are largely responsible for the climate and biodiversity crises. The disruptions caused by these multiple crises also aggravated fiscal-space issues in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs), leading to a reversal in progress on several related goals and indicators. 2.1 SDG Status at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda Based on the pace of progress since 2015, none of the goals is on track to be achieved globally by 2030. Figure 2.1 provides a summary of the population-weighted world average performance by goal. Those related to hunger, sustainable diets, and health outcomes are particularly off-track, as are the goals concerning terrestrial and marine biodiversity, urban pollution, housing, strong institutions, and peaceful societies. Although on average the world has made some progress in strengthening access to key infrastructure, covered notably under SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), this varies extensively across countries, and the world average remains too slow to achieve these SDGs globally by 2030. The education dashboard focuses on access to pre-primary and primary education, as well as on lower-secondary completion rates. Due to limited data availability at the global level, it does not track the quality of education, equity in learning outcomes, or lifelong learning.The dashboard for SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) focuses on production-based nitrogen emissions, imported nitrogen emissions, and export of plastic waste, however we lack time series for several other indicators for this goal. Country-level information and regional averages are available in the country profiles. We estimate that on average only around 18 percent of the SDG targets are on track to be achieved globally by 2030. These are notably related to basic health outcomes, such as neonatal mortality and under-5 mortality rates, as well as access to basic infrastructure and services - such as targets on mobile use, internet use, and the share of adults with a bank account. Other recent findings at the global and regional levels similarly suggest that less than 20 percent of the SDG targets are on track (United Nations 2023; UNECE 2023). Box 2.1 The SDG Index and Dashboards The SDG Index is an assessment of each country's overall performance on the 17 SDGs, giving equal weight to each Goal. The score signifies a country's position between the worst possible outcome (score of 0) and the target (score of 100). The dashboard and trend arrows help identify priorities for further actions and indicate whether countries are on track or off track to achieve the goals and targets by 2030, based on latest trend data. The 2023 SDG Index edition includes 97 global indicators. Two-thirds of the data come from official statistics (typically United Nations custodian agencies) with one third from non-traditional statistics, including research centers, universities, and non-governmental organizations. Published since 2015, the SDG Index and Dashboards has been peer-reviewed and the global edition has been statistically audited by the European Commission in 2019 (Schmidt-Traub et al. 2017; Papadimitriou, Neves, and Becker 2019). More detailed information is available in the Methods Annex, in the detailed methodology paper (Lafortune et al. 2018), and on our website (www.sdgtransformationcenter.org and www.sdgindex.org). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.1 World SDG Dashboard at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda Figure 2.2 Status on individual SDG targets at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda Reversal in progress Achieved or on track Limited or no progress 5ou/re: Authors'analysis Table 2.1 The world's top five countries in terms of SDG targets achieved or on track, and those with the greatest percentage of targets showing a reversal in progress The 5 countries with the largest number of targets achieved or on track Denmark Czechia Estonia Latvia Slovak Republic Source: Authors'analysis The 5 countries with the largest number of targets showing reversal in progress Myanmar Venezuela, RB Papua New Guinea Yemen, Rep. Lebanon Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.1 SDG Status at the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda Figure 2.3 The 2023 SDG Index: score and rank Mi vi/ Rank Country Score Rank Country Score 1 Finland 86.8 45 Kyrgyz Republic 74.4 2 Sweden 86.0 46 Cuba 74.1 3 Denmark 85.7 47 Bosnia and Herzegovina 74.0 4 Germany 83.4 48 Israel 74.0 5 Austria 82.3 49 Russian Federation 73.8 6 France 82.0 50 Brazil 73.7 7 Norway 82.0 51 Argentina 73.7 8 Czechia 81.9 52 Costa Rica 73.6 9 Poland 81.8 53 Azerbaijan 73.5 10 Estonia 81.7 54 Albania 73.5 11 United Kingdom 81.7 55 Vietnam 73.3 12 Croatia 81.5 56 Armenia 73.3 13 Slovenia 81.0 57 Fiji 72.9 14 Latvia 80.7 58 Tunisia 72.5 15 Switzerland 80.5 59 Cyprus 72.5 16 Spain 80.4 60 North Macedonia 72.5 17 Ireland 80.1 61 Bhutan 72.3 18 Portugal 80.0 62 Dominican Republic 72.1 19 Belgium 79.5 63 China 72.0 20 Netherlands 79.4 64 Singapore 71.8 21 Japan 79.4 65 Peru 71.7 22 Hungary 79.4 66 Kazakhstan 71.6 23 Slovak Republic 79.1 67 Montenegro 71.4 24 Italy 78.8 68 Maldives 71.3 25 Moldova 78.6 69 Uzbekistan 71.1 26 Canada 78.5 70 Morocco 70.9 27 New Zealand 78.4 71 Algeria 70.8 28 Greece 78.4 72 Tiirkiye 70.8 29 Iceland 78.3 73 El Salvador 70.7 30 Chile 78.2 74 Ecuador 70.4 31 Korea, Rep. 78.1 75 Indonesia 70.2 32 Uruguay 77.7 76 Colombia 70.1 33 Luxembourg 77.6 77 Jordan 69.9 34 Belarus 77.5 78 Malaysia 69.8 35 Romania 77.5 79 United Arab Emirates 69.7 36 Serbia 77.3 80 Mexico 69.7 37 Lithuania 76.8 81 Egypt, Arab Rep. 69.6 38 Ukraine* 76.5 82 Jamaica 69.6 39 United States 75.9 83 Sri Lanka 69.4 40 Australia 75.9 84 Barbados 69.4 41 Malta 75.5 85 Tajikistan 69.2 42 Georgia 75.0 86 Iran, Islamic Rep. 69.1 43 Thailand 74.7 87 Bolivia 68.9 44 Bulgaria 74.6 88 Paraguay 68.8 Sustainable Development Report 2023 O Implementing the SDG Stimulus 25 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.3. (Continued) Rank Country Score Rank Country Score 89 Cabo Verde 68.8 128 Pakistan 59.0 90 Oman 68.6 129 Gambia, The 58.3 91 Turkmenistan 68.5 130 Syrian Arab Republic 58.2 92 Suriname 68.2 131 Mali 58.0 93 Mauritius 68.0 132 Eswatini 57.9 94 Saudi Arabia 67.7 133 Mauritania 57.2 95 Lebanon 67.5 134 Tanzania 56.8 96 Guyana 67.4 135 Malawi 56.3 97 Panama 67.3 136 Togo 56.3 98 Philippines 67.1 137 Sierra Leone 55.7 99 Nepal 66.5 138 Zimbabwe 55.6 100 Qatar 66.2 139 Cameroon 55.1 101 Bangladesh 65.9 140 Benin 55.1 102 Brunei Darussalam 65.7 141 Uganda 55.0 103 Cambodia 64.8 142 Guinea 54.9 104 Nicaragua 64.8 143 Lesotho 54.9 105 Iraq 64.8 144 Ethiopia 54.5 106 Mongolia 64.7 145 Zambia 54.3 107 Belize 64.6 146 Nigeria 54.3 108 Kuwait 64.4 147 Burundi 53.9 109 Namibia 64.3 148 Papua New Guinea 53.6 110 South Africa 64.0 149 Mozambique 52.7 111 Bahrain 63.7 150 Djibouti 52.7 112 India 63.4 151 Congo, Rep. 52.6 113 Gabon 63.1 152 Haiti 52.6 114 Trinidad and Tobago 63.0 153 Burkina Faso 52.4 115 Lao PDR 63.0 154 Comoros 51.7 116 Honduras 62.9 155 Angola 50.8 117 Venezuela, RB 62.9 156 Madagascar 50.3 118 Botswana 62.7 157 Liberia 49.9 119 Sao Tome and Principe 62.7 158 Afghanistan 49.0 120 Coted'lvoire 62.3 159 Congo, Dem. Rep. 48.6 121 Senegal 61.8 160 Sudan 48.6 122 Ghana 61.8 161 Niger 48.3 123 Kenya 60.9 162 Somalia 48.0 124 Bahamas, The 60.9 163 Yemen, Rep. 46.8 125 Myanmar 60.4 164 Chad 45.3 126 Rwanda 60.2 165 Central African Republic 40.4 127 Guatemala 59.4 166 South Sudan 38.7 nfflfflffl GO *********** * The data for Ukraine correspond to the situation prior to February 2022, as many data points have not been updated since then. Source: Authors'analysis 26 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.2 Leave no one behind There is significant variation in progress by regions and income groups. Overall, European countries top the SDG Index and are also on track to achieving more targets than any other region. Denmark, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, and the Slovak Republic are the five countries that have achieved, or are on track to achieving, the largest number of SDG targets. By contrast, Lebanon, Yemen, Papua New Guinea, Venezuela, and Myanmar present the largest number of SDG targets for which there has been a reversal in progress. Overall, Finland tops the 2023 SDG Index, followed by Sweden and Denmark. All top 20 countries on the SDG Index are in Europe, most of them European Union member states. Yet none of these countries obtains a perfect score. The dashboards presented in section 2.4 illustrate that even the highest-performing countries on the SDG Index still face major challenges in achieving several SDGs, especially those related to climate, biodiversity, and sustainable diets and food systems. As detailed in the Europe Sustainable Development Report 2022, trends on several leave-no-one-behind indicators are not heading in the right direction in many EU member states (Lafortune et al. 2022). Chad, Central African Republic, and South Sudan obtain the lowest 2023 SDG Index scores. As a result of missing data, we were unable to compute SDG Index scores for many Small Island Developing States (SIDS), although their country profiles provide an overview of their performance by goals and targets, and highlight where data are missing for these countries. 2.2 Leave no one behind Multiple and overlapping health and geopolitical crises have led to stagnation in SDG progress globally since 2020. At the global level, the SDG Index has stalled since 2020 - and in 2022 is one full point below the projected level based on pre-pandemic trends (Figure 2.4). In LICs, the preliminary estimated average SDG Index score for 2022 is lower than it was for 2021, a shift driven partly by estimated declines in life satisfaction and feelings of safety (Figure 2.5). Extreme poverty rates in LICs remain above pre-pandemic levels, while the percentage of surviving infants who have received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines has dropped significantly (Figures 2.6 and 2.7). In HICs and LICs, the pandemic and other crises have led to substantial declines in subjective well-being, which remains below pre-pandemic levels (Figure 2.8). Unemployment rates in both HICs and LICs is above pre-pandemic levels, although it has increased much more in LICs (Figure 2.9). From a simple linear projection of past growth rates, the gap between SDG outcomes in HICs and in LICs is expected to be greater in 2030 than it was in 2015.This is in sharp contrast to the pre-pandemic trend, where there was some convergence in SDG outcomes (Figure 2.10). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.4 SDG Index World Average, 2010-2022 60 58 56 I I I I 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 — World Average Pre-pandemic trend Note: Projected trend based on an extrapolation of the annual growth rate of the SDG Index over the period 2015-2019 (pre pandemic). Source: Authors'analysis 2015 2016 2017 2018 201S 2020 2021 2022 28 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.2 Leave no one behind Figure 2.6 Figure 2.7 Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (PPP, 96) in LICs Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%), in LICs 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Soucce: Authors, based on World Poverty Clock Source: Authors, based on WHO and UNICEF Figure 2.8 Subjective Weil-Being, in HICs and LICs LICs HICs 2015 4.1 2019 2022 2015 2019 i i 6.5 6.7 2022 6.6 I I I I I 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Soucce: Authors, based on Gallup World Pol Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 29 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.9 Unemployment Rate, in HICs and LICs LICs HICs 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Soucce: Authors, based on ILO Figure 2.10 Observed and projected gaps in SDG Index score between HICs and LICs Note: Projected gap based on extrapolation of annual growth rate on the SDG Index over the period 2019-2021 Pre-pandemicgap is based on an extrapolation of SDG Index annual growth rates over the period 2015-2019. Source: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.3 International spillovers and policy coherence Above all, the SDGs represent an investment agenda: to develop physical infrastructure (including renewable energy, electrification, broadband access, public transport) and human capital (health, education, social protection). Yet many LICs and LMICs face major fiscal-space constraints that represent significant barriers to investing in the SDGs, and which the COVID-19 pandemic and other international crises have aggravated. The dashboards highlight persisting gaps between LICs, LMICs, and HICs in access to physical infrastructure and human capital. As one example, this year's SDG Index includes a new indicator related to access to all-season roads, based on geospatial information. Figure 2.11 presents the 11 countries in which less than 50 percent of the rural population has access to all-season roads, and shows the gap between the world average and that of the HICs. 2.3 International spillovers and policy coherence The climate and biodiversity crises are driven by domestic action, but they are also impacted by activities that extend beyond national borders: through trade and other cross-border activities. In addition to environmental spillovers, which are driven by international trade and domestic policies, countries also generate economic, financial, social, and security spillovers. These spillover effects are captured in the SDG Index. Figure 2.11 Countries where 50% or more of the rural population has no access to all-season roads, and comparison with HICs and World average (%) Note: Proportion of the rural population that lives within 2 km of an all-season road. An all-season road is one that is motorable throughout the year but may be temporarily unavailable during inclement weather. New indicator included in the SDG Index building on geospatial information. SDSN methodology, based on Workman, R.& McPherson, K..TRL (2019). The averages for HICs and the World are weighted by population. Source: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.12 SDG Index scores versus International Spillover Index scores, by income level SDG Index 2023 International Spillover Index 2023 From 0 (worst) to 100 (best) From 0 (worst) to 100 (best) Note: The list of 13 indicators included in this year's International Spillover Index is accessible online. Source: Authors'analysis The 2030 Agenda and the SDGs recognize the importance of international spillovers in several crucial ways. SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) calls for'policy coherence'for sustainable development, SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) stresses the need for more sustainable production and consumption, and SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) demands the eradication of child labor and modern slavery. The SDSN, working with partners, has from the start incorporated international spillovers in our assessment of countries'progress towards the SDGs.This can explain certain differences in SDG Index results compared with those of other SDG monitoring instruments (Lafortune et al. 2020). Overall, HICs tend to generate the largest negative spillovers, due to unsustainable consumption, financial secrecy, and the presence of tax havens. Spillover indicators are included in calculating the SDG Index and individual goal scores and dashboards, and are also aggregated in a stand-alone international spillover index. Figure 2.12 compares international spillover index results by income level. This year, we included an additional indicator that tracks cases of modern slavery embodied in international supply chains, building on a study published in 2022 (Malik et al. 2022). Major updates to indicators related to financial secrecy have also been integrated, building notably on the work of theTax Justice Network. Environmental spillovers are driven to a large extent by inadequate pricing of environmental externalities, particularly natural capital. One step in the right direction is the growing adoption of the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) - an international statistical standard for natural capital accounting (UN DESA 2022). A second major driver of such spillovers is the fact that countries design their national policies to meet national objectives that may not incorporate the need to reduce spillovers and to safeguard the global commons. This makes environmental spillovers hard to address. SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals) calls on all countries to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development (PCSD), yet we still lack a robust and comparable headline indicator of countries'efforts to implement PCSD, despite the efforts of UNEP and the OECD to develop a methodology (UNEP and OECD 2022). A recent analysis led by SYSTEMIQ, the University of Tokyo, and SDSN identifies four major national policy levers to curb international spillovers: target setting, public management, regulation, and fiscal policy and financing. 32 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.3 International spillovers and policy coherence Figure 2.13 Illustration of environmental impacts embodied in international trade „»•» »»»" Country 4 gk0xns Cott0/) „„....•■•""""""""""■'""■'•....„„ Embodied ^ Water Stress ♦ t ^......................"'<»C\ / Embodied Air Emissions <^0 Country £ ,Aoces clot/l Ih« it Country c cloy *?. Domestic Water Stress Domestic Air Emissions Spillover Water Stress Domestic Air Emissions Source: SDSN, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, and Center for Global Commons at the University of Tokyo. 2023,6/oöa/(Tom/77om5fewflfrf5/7/p/r?c/e^2022. Paris; New Haven, CT; and Tokyo. Supply chains can stretch through multiple countries, and spillover impacts accumulate as they are embodied at multiple steps along thejourney to the final destination country. Figure 2.13 illustrates a simplified example using three countries (SDSN, University of Tokyo, and Yale University 2023). Water stress in Country A and air emissions in Country B count as domestic impacts within those countries. Because the final demand is in Country C, these impacts both count as spillovers in Country C. Spillovers thus include more impacts than those embodied only in the last segment of the supply chain. As one example: when considering consumption patterns, the textiles and clothing sector is one of the most substantial generators of spillovers of GHG emissions. Figure 2.14 indicates that, of GHG emissions due to global final demand for textiles and clothing, 59 percent are emitted along the supply chains of countries other than those where the final products are consumed (i.e., spillovers), while 41 percent are emitted in the countries in which the final products are consumed (i.e., non-spillovers). These GHGs originate from a variety of sectors along the textiles and clothing supply chains of countries on the left side of the diagram, including the textile sector itself, electricity production, chemical production, and more. Of the spillover GHG emissions caused by the final consumption of textiles and clothing, the two largest destinations are the EU27 and the United States, each accounting for 21 percent. Among countries whose supply chains contribute to producing these goods for consumption abroad, China generates 40 percent of the spillover GHG emissions. The textiles and clothing sector is also associated with negative socioeconomic spillovers, including accidents at work and child labor (Malik et al. 2021). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.14 GHG emissions embodied in the final consumption of textiles and clothing impact Origin China, -10% R#*tof 620. 14% India, 11% ASEAN, fl% EU27, 7% USA, 5% Pakistan. 3% R«t of world, 13% Final Demand USA, 21% EU27. 21% Rest of G20. 20K Tot.il global GHG EmisíJorií. itine toň nil demand for Textiles*. Clothing Imported Spillovers 59% Wofe: The impacts occur in the countries on the left side of the diagram, while the products are ultimately consumed in the countries on the right side of the diagram (intermediate countries along supply chains are not shown). Of the total global GHG emissions due to demand for textiles and clothing, 59 percent are embodied in spillovers. Source: SDSN, Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, and Center for Global Commons at the University of Tokyo. 2023. Global Commons Stewardship Index 2022. Paris; New Haven, CT; and Tokyo. Curbing trade-related spillovers is a matter of making trade more sustainable and more consistent with the objectives of the Paris Agreement, the Global Biodiversity Framework, the High Seas Treaty and the SDGs - rather than simply restricting trade, which plays such a massive role in enabling developing countries to generate employment and socioeconomic development. Success requires a combination of better metrics and policies in importing countries that must be coupled with support to exporting countries, particularly tropical forest countries, to transition towards more environmentally sustainable technologies and development paths. Both sides - importers and exporters - must work closely together in partnership to tackle this shared challenge (University of Tokyo, Systemiq, and SDSN, 2023). 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions The SDG dashboards highlight each country's strengths and weaknesses in relation to the 17 goals, presenting performance in terms of levels and trends. As described in the methodology section, dashboard ratings for each goal are based on data for the two indicators on which the country performs worst. Good performance on five of 34 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions seven indicators, for example, does not compensate for poor performance on the other two. In other words, our methodology assumes low substitutability or compensation across indicators in the construction of our composite index. The arrow system focuses on structural trajectories since the adoption of the SDGs (and less on year-on-year changes). As in previous years, the dashboards include population-weighted averages for each region and income group, using the same set of indicators as the SDG Index.The OECD dashboards incorporate more indicators than others, owing to the greater availability of data for these countries. We also find that 17 "headline"indicators tend to be very good predictors of the overall SDG Index, which uses 97 indicators (Box. 2.2). Box 2.2 Explaining the SDG Index with a handful of key indicators The SDG Index is an accountability tool, but it is also a tool to highlight data gaps and areas where further effort is needed to strengthen data availability and timeliness. Overall, this year's edition includes 97 indicators. Yet the SDG Index score and rankings can be explained through a handful of key indicators. Using 17 "headline" indicators that cover SDSN's Six SDG Transformations and other major principles, including leave no one behind, good governance, and the concept of international spillovers, we find a very high and statistically significant correlation (both in terms of scores and ranks) with the overall SDG Index. These indicators are: (1) Poverty headcount ratio at US$2.15/day, (2) Prevalence of undernourishment, (3) Life expectancy at birth, (4) Lower secondary completion rate, (5) Share of women parliamentarians, (6) Population using at least basic sanitation services, (7) Population with access to electricity, (8) Unemployment rate, (9) Population using the internet, (10) GINI coefficient, (11) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter, (12) Imported S02 emissions, (13) C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, (14) Ocean Health Index: Clean Water, (15) Red List Index of species survival, (16) Corruption perception index, and (17) Statistical Performance Index.There are no signs of collinearity among these indicators. Figure 2.15 Correlation between 2023 SDG Index Score and Narrow SDG Index (17 "headline" indicators) 100 50 60 70 80 Narrow SDG Index Score (17 "headline" indicators) 100 Note: Correlation coefficient (r) between SDG Index scores=0.97. Source: Authors Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 35 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.16 2023 SDG dashboards by region and income group (levels and trends) DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE PEACE. ITER AFFORDABLE WORKAND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS NO ZERU AND QUALITY GENDER AND CLEAN ECONOMIC AND REDUCED CITIESANU AND CLIMATE BELOW LIFE AND STRONG FORTHE POVERTY HONGER WELL-BEING EDUCATION EQUALITY SJ GRUWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRODUCTION ACTION WATER ON LAND INSTITUTIONS GUALS 1 2 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 East and South Asia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa Oceania OECD members Small Island Developing States Sub-Saharan Africa + • -» •* • * • * • * • -»•-»•* • -»•-»•-»•-»•» • -»•-»•* * • * •-»•PI •* •* •* •-»•PI •• •-»•71 • * • -»•-»•-»•* * • -» «71 «71 • -» • * • -» • -» «71 • >-» • * • * • -» • -» • -» • * >-» • * • -» • • -» • -» • -» • »71 • • • -» -» • -» • -» • -» -» • -» «71 «71 «71 • * «71 «71 «71 • -» «71 • -» • -» • -» • -» • -» «71 -»•-»•-»• + • -»•-»•-»• »-» • -» • -» • 71 • -» • -» • -» • -» -»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•• • -» «t t • -»•-»• + • Low-income countries Lower-middle-income countries Upper-middle-income countries • -» • -» • 71 • -»•-»•-»•-»• • -» •* «71 «4 • -» • * • -» 71 •-»•-»•-»•-»•71 »71 • -» •* • • • -»•*•-»•* • -»•-»•-» I •-»•71 • * • * •* • * • * »t • » •* • * • * • -» •* •-»•-» High-income countries tf •-» »71 »71 • 71 tf »71 »71 »f •-» • 71 •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» • 71 World average •-» •-» • 71 •-» • 71 • 71 • 71 •-» • 71 •-» •-» i I •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» O SDG achievement ^ On track B Challenges remain 9 Significant challenges remain ► Major challenges remain 1 Moderately Increasing ^ Stagnating ^ Decreasing • Data not available Note: Excluding OECD specific indicators. Population-weighted averages. Source: Authors'analysis 36 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions Figure 2.17 2023 SDG dashboards for OECD countries (levels and trends) DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE PEACE. BOOB HEALTH AFFORDABLE WORK AND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS NU ZERO AND QUALITY GENDER AND CLEAN ECONOMIC AND REDUCED CITIES AND AND CLIMATE BELOW LIFE AND STRONG FORTHE POVERTY HONGER WELL-BEING EDOCATION EQUALITY SJ GRUWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRODOCTION ACTION WATER ON LAND INSTITOTIONS GOALS 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Australia »4 »-» »71 » -» »71 »71 »71 I I • 71 »4 • * • 71 • -» • -» • 4» • -» • 71 Austria «71 •-»•71 «71 • t • 71 «71 • -» • 71 «71 «71 • -» • 71 • • • -» • 71 «71 Belgium »-» »71 »71 »-» tf tf »71 »71 »71 tf »71 »4» • -» • 71 • 71 • 71 •-» Canada «t«-»«7l«7l«7l»-»«-»«7l • -» -» »71 «71 • -» • -» «71 Chile »-» »-» »71 •* tf tf •* •-» •* »4 »71 •-» •-» •-» •-» »4 »71 Colombia »4 •-»•71 «71 «71 «71 «71 •-» • 71 • 4« •-»•71 • * «4 •-»•-»•71 Costa Rica »4 »-» »71 »-» »71 »-» »71 »4 »71 »-» »71 »-» • 71 •-» • 4 •-» • 71 Czechia »t •-» »71 I I •* •-»•-»•» • 71 •-»•* Denmark »71 •-» •* •-» tf • 71 tf •* • 71 •-» •* •-» »71 •-» • 71 »71 »71 Estonia »71 • -» •* tf •* I I »71 • -» •* •* •-» • -» •* I Finland tf »-» »71 » -» »71 »71 tf »71 »71 »4» •* » -» »4» »71 »71 »71 »71 France »71 »-» »71 »71 tf »-» »71 »71 »71 »-» »71 »-» »71 »71 »71 »71 tf Germany »4, »-» »71 » -» »71 tf »71 » -» »71 »4» »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 Greece »71 »-» »71 »-» »-» tf »71 »71 »71 tf »71 »4» • * • 71 »71 »-» »71 Hungary «71 •-» • 71 •-» • 71 »71 «71 »71 • * •-» «71 • -»•-»< • 71 •-» «71 eland tf »-»»71 »-» » 71 »71 tf »-» » 71 • • »71 »-»»-» »71 »-» » 71 tf Ireland »* •-» • 71 «71 «71 «71 «71 «71 «71 • * «71 «4* •-» «71 «71 «71 «71 Israel »71 »-» »71 »-» »-» »71 »71 »-» tf »71 »71 »-» »71 »-» »-» »71 »71 Italy »f »-» »71 »-» »71 tf »71 »71 »71 »-» »71 »-» »71 »-» »-» »71 »71 Japan »f •-»•71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 » » »71 »71 •-»•-»•-»•-»•71 Korea, Rep »71 •-» »71 »71 »71 • 71 »71 •-» »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 •-» »4» »71 »71 Latvia »71 •-» •* I I •* tf tf •-» •* »4» »71 »4 •-» •* •* •* •* Lithuania »71 •-» •* I I • 71 tf •* • 71 •* •-» •* •-» »4 •-» • * »71 •* Luxembourg tf »-» »71 »-» »f •-» • 71 I I • -»•-»•* •-»•71 • » •* •-»•71 Mexico •-» •-» »71 •-» •* •* •* •-» •-» •* •* •-» •* •-» »4 »4 •-» Netherlands •-» •-» »71 •-» »71 I I • 71 »4 »71 •-» • 71 •-» •-» •-» »71 New Zealand » . »-» » 71 »■» »f »71 •-»< I »71 •-» • 71 •-» »71 •-» •-» •-» • 71 Norway •-» •-» • 71 •-» tf •-» »71 • 71 »71 »71 »71 »4 •* •-» •-» •* •* Poland tf •-» »71 I »t •-» •-» •-» •* •* •-» • * Portugal tf »-» »71 i I »71 •-» »71 •-» »4 • 71 »71 Slovak Republic tf »-» »71 »71 »71 I I »71 »71 »71 I I »71 »71 !■»>' • *•-»• 71 Slovenia tf »-» »71 I I •* tf •* I I •* • -» • -» »71 »-» »-» »71 Spain »-» »71 »71 »-» tf I »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »-» i I »71 Sweden »t »-» »71 »71 tf tf »71 »-» »71 »71 »71 »-» »-» »71 »-» »71 »71 Switzerland »-»»-»»71 »71 »71 tf »71 tf »71 »4» •* tf »-»»» •-»•-»•71 Turkiye »f •-» »71 tf •-» »71 »71 •-» • 71 •-» •-» »71 •-» • 71 •-» •-» •-» United Kingdom »4, »-» »71 »71 »71 »71 »71 »t »71 •-» •-» »71 »71 »71 »71 •-» •-» United States »71 »-»»-»• 71 »71 »71 »71 •-» • 71 •-» »71 »71 •-» »71 »4» •-» • 71 » SDG achievement ) Challenges remain » Significant challenges remain » Major challenges remain ^ On track 1 Moderately Increasing ^ Stagnating 4 Decreasing • Data not available Source: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 37 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.18 2023 SDG dashboards for East and South Asia (levels and trends) NO POVERTY DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE PEACE. ITER AFFORDABLE WORK AND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CUNSUMPTIUN JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS ZERU AND QUALITY GENDER ANDCLEAN ECONOMIC AND REDUCED CITIESAND AND CLIMATE BELOW LIFE ANDSTRONG FORTHE HUNGER WELL-BEING EDUCATIUN EQUALITY SJ GRUWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRUDUCTIUN ACTIUN WATER ON LAND INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Bangladesh • a • 71 «71 •* • -» «71 «71 • -» «71 • • • -» • * • -» • * • * • -» Bhutan • a • -» «71 • * «71 «71 «71 • -» «71 • • •* «4 •-» •* runei Darussalarr • • • 71 • -» • -» • -» • * «71 • -» • * • • • * • -» • -» • -» • * «71 Cambodia • • • 71 • -» «71 «71 «71 «71 • -» «71 • • •* •-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•71 China • t • 71 «71 •• • -»•*•* «71 •* • -» »71 •-» •-» •-» «4 •-» •-» ndia • t • -» «71 «71 «71 «71 «71 «71 «71 • * •-» • * •-» •* «4 •-» «71 ndonesia • t • -» «71 • * «71 • * • -» «71 «71 • 71 •-» «71 •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» Korea, Dem. Rep. • • • -»•-»•• «71 • -»•-»• 71 • -» • • • -» «71 • -»•-»•-»•• •• Lao PDR • -» • -» •* • -» •* • * • -» • -» • * • • «71 •-»•-»•• •-»•-»•-» Malaysia • t • -» • -» • -» «71 • -» • -» • -» «71 • • • * • * •-» •* •-» «71 •-» Maldives • t • 71 «71 •* • -» •* »71 •• «71 • «-»«7l«^«-»«7l Mongolia • -» • -» «7i • * • -» «7i • -» • -» «7i • * •-»•-» • •-»•-» •* Myanmar • -» • -» • -» • * • -» #71 • -» #71 «71 • • •-»•-»•71 • • * •* •-» Nepal • 71 Pakistan • 71 • -» • -» • -» • -» «71 • -» • -» • -» «t • -» «71 «71 «71 • -» • -» «71 Philippines • 71 • 71 «71 • -» • -» • * • -» «71 «71 • 71 •-» «71 •-» «71 •-» •-» «71 Singapore • • • -» «71 «71 «71 • * «71 «71 «71 • • •* • * • * • -» «4 •-»•* Sri Lanka • + • 71 «71 •* • -» «71 • -» • -» •* • • • -» •* «71 • -»•*•-»•-» Thailand • t • -» «71 «71 «71 •* • * • -» «71 • -» «71 «71 •-» •-» «4 •-» •-» Timor-Leste • + • -»•71 «71 • -» •* «71 •• • -» • • «71 •• •• «4 • • «71 «71 Vietnam • t • 71 «71 • -» «71 • * • -» «71 «71 • * «71 «71 •-» •-» «4 «71 •-» 0 SDG achievement ) Challenges remain 0 Significant challenges remain 0 Major challenges remain ^ On track 1 Moderately Increasing ^ Stagnating ^ Decreasing • Data not available 5ource: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions Figure 2.19 2023 SDG dashboards for Eastern Europe and Central Asia (levels and trends) DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE PEACE. ITER AFFORDABLE WORKAND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS NO ZERU AND QUALITY GENDER ANDCLEAN ECONOMIC AND REDUCED CITIES AND AND CLIMATE BELOW LIFE ANDSTRONG FORTHE POVERTY HUNGER WELL-BEING EDUCATION EQUALITY SJ GROWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRODUCTION ACTION WATER ON LAND INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 2 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Afghanistan Albania Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyz Republic Liechtenstein Malta Monaco Moldova Montenegro North Macedonia Romania Russian Federation San Marino Serbia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine* Uzbekistan * • -» • -» • • • -» • -» • -» • >-» •* • -» • • • * • -» • • t • * • * • * »t • * • -» • * >f • -» • -» • * • -» • -» • -» • -» I' •* • * *^ >f *3 >' • * •» »t • -»•» • -»•» »t • t •-»•PI •-»•Pi »t •-»•-»•Pi >t • -»•-»•* •» •-»•-»•Pi • t •-»•PI • PI §4 tt •-»•-»•PI • » • PI • PI • PI • » • PI »t • t •-» «PI • * • PI • PI • PI •-»•* •* • PI •-»•-»•• • PI •-» «PI • *•* • PI •• • PI •-»•* • PI • PI • -» •-» •-» • PI • PI •-» • PI • t • pi • pi • pi •-» •-» • pi • pi •-» •-» •-» •-» • pi •-» • pi • t • pi • pi •-» • pi »t • pi • pi tf •* • pi • * • pi • pi • pi • pi • -» •-» • Pi • Pi •-» •-» • Pi • Pi • Pi •* •-» • Pi • Pi •-» • + • Pi • Pi • pi • pi •-» • pi •-» • pi •-» • pi • pi • pi •-» • * •-» •-» •-» • t •-» •* • -»•-»•* •-» «pi • pi •-»•-»•-»•* •• •-» «pi • pi • pi •-» • pi • pi •-» «t • pi •-» • t • pi • pi • pi • -» •-» •-» • pi • • t • • • pi • • pi • • • • -» •-» • pi • pi • pi • pi • pi • pi • pi •* • pi • pi • pi •-» • pi •-» • pi • t »t •» • pi •» tf • • t • Pi • Pi • Pi • Pi • Pi •-»•Pi §4 tt •* • * • » • Pi • Pi »t • t •-»•Pi • Pi §4 ff •-»•-»•Pi tf •-»•» tf • Pi •-»•Pi tf tt • PI • PI •-»•PI tt •-»•PI t4 tt • -»•-»•-»•» • PI • PI • PI tt tPi tPi t-» tPi tt t-» tPi tPi tPi tPi t-» • * tPi t-» t-» tPi • t t-» tPi tt t-» tPi t-» t-» tPi tPi tPi t-» • * t-» t-» t-» tt tt >' tt >' tt >' tt • • t -»•Pi • Pi •-»•* *t • Pi • Pi • Pi *t • Pi • Pi •-»•• • •-»•* • t • • Pi • -» • Pi • Pi •-» •-» • Pi • Pi • Pi •• •-»•-»•* -» •-» •-» • Pi *t • Pi • * •-» • -» • •-» • -» •-» •-» • *•*•• «pi «pi «pi • -» • «t •-»•-»•-»•-»• • -» • Pi •-» • Pi • Pi *t «t •-» •-» • Pi • Pi •-» • Pi • • •-» • Pi • Pi t SDG achievement t Challenges remain 0 Significant challenges remain % Major challenges remain t On track 1 Moderately Increasing ^ Stagnating ^ Decreasing • Data not available Sot/rce: Authors'analysis *The data for Ukraine correspond to the situation prior to February 2022, as many data points have not been updated since then. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 39 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards Figure 2.20 2023 SDG dashboardsfor Latin America and the Caribbean (levels and trends) NO POVERTY GOOD HEALTH ZERO AND QUALITY GENDER HONGER WELL-BEING EDOCATION EQUALITY DECENT INDOSTRY. CLEAN WATER AFFORt WORK AND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE AND CLI ECONOMIC REDUCED CITIES AND GROWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION CLIMATE ACTION PEACE. JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS BELOW AND STRONG FOR THE WATER ON LAND INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 3 4 5 8 g 10 11 12 13 15 16 17 Antigua and Barbuda • • • -»•71 •*•->•• «71 •• «71 • • • 71 • • • -> »71 «71 Argentina • -> •-> »71 • * • • • * «71 «4 • 71 • 71 • 71 • -» •-» •-» •-» Bahamas, The • • • «71 • • «71 • 71 «71 «71 «71 • • • t • + • 71 • «4 • * Barbados • • • 71 «71 «4 • * • t • * • * • • • 71 • • • 71 • 71 «4 • * Belize • 71 «71 • 71 «71 «4 • * • • • 71 • t • t • «4 •* • * Bolivia • «71 «71 «71 «71 • 71 • 71 • 71 • 71 • • • * •-> • * Brazil • t • * • * «71 «71 • t • * »71 • * *t • «71 Cuba • • • «71 «71 «71 «71 • • • -> • * • t • * Dominica • • • • • • * • • • • «71 • • • • • • • t • 71 «4 *t Dominican Republic • t • «71 • 71 «71 «4 • * • t • -> • * • 71 • •-> «71 Ecuador • + • «71 «71 • * «71 • * • t • * *t • •* El Salvador • t • 71 «71 «71 «71 • * *t • 71 • -» •-» •-» *t Grenada • • • «71 «71 «71 • • • • • * • • • • • • • -» •-» •-» •-» • + Guatemala • -» •* • 71 • -» •-» •-» Guyana • t • 71 «71 • * «71 • «71 «71 • • • 71 • • • -» «71 «71 •-» •* Haiti • -» •-» •-» • • •* • «71 • 71 • + •"» *^ •"» Honduras Jamaica • -» •-» •-» • + *t • «71 • • • «71 • «71 Nicaragua • -» •-» • * • • • 7i • «71 • • • 71 • 71 • t • •* »71 Panama • 7i • 71 «71 «71 «71 • 71 «71 • 71 • + • -» •-» •-» «t Paraguay • t • «71 «71 • t • * »71 • 71 • 71 • -» •-» • • •-» •-» «71 Peru • 71 • «71 «71 «71 • 71 «71 «71 «71 • 71 • 71 • 71 • 71 «71 St. Kittsand Nevis • • • • • «71 «71 • • «71 • • • * • • • t • • • -» •-» •-» •-» •-» St. Lucia • -» •-» •-» •-» «71 • 71 • • «71 • • • 71 • • • -» •-» • * •-» «71 St. Vincent and the Grenadines • • • «71 • * «71 • • • • • * • • • • • • • t • -» •-» «71 «t Suriname • • • 71 «4 • * • t • * «4 «71 • • • -» • • • «t Trinidad and Tobago • -» •-» «71 • • «71 • 71 «71 «71 «71 • • • 71 • • • 71 • -» •-» •-» «71 Uruguay • t • «71 «71 • t • * «71 «71 • t • -> • * • * Venezuela, RB • + • «71 • 71 «71 «71 • • • t • 71 • t • 71 •-» •-» •-» 0 SDG achievement P Challenges remain 0 Significant challenges remain 0 Major challenges remain ^ On track 1 Moderately Increasing ^ Stagnating ^ Decreasing # Data not available 40 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions Figure 2.21 2023 SDG dashboards for the Middle East and North Africa (levels and trends) DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE PEACE. GOOD HEALTH CLEAN WATER AFFORDABLE WORK AND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS NO ZERU AND QUALITY GENDER AND CLE ECONOMIC AND REDUCED COTES ANU AND CLIMATE BELOW LIFE AND STRONG FOR THE POVERTY HONGER WELL-BEING EDUCATION EQOALITY GROWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRODOCTION ACTION WATER ON LAND INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Algeria Bahrain Egypt, Arab Rep. Iran, Islamic Rep. Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Libya Moiocco Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic Tunisia United Arab Emirates Yemen, Rep. • * • »PI • * • -» • -» • • "» • * • • • • -» «PI • -»•-»•'»•P' •-»•PI • * •-»•PI *t • PI •* • PI • PI »PI • • -» • -» «PI «t • "» • PI • -» • "» «t •+ • "» • PI • PI • PI • -» • -» • "» • • -» • -» *t • PI • "» • PI • • * • • -» • -» • -» • -» • • • PI • • -» # PI • -» • -» • * • PI • PI • PI • • -» • -» • -» • >-» • PI «PI • + • * • • + • ' • >-» • PI • * •+ • "» • • -»•-»•PI • PI • -» •* «PI • * «t • • • • -» «PI «PI • -» «PI «PI • * • PI • • -» 9PI «PI «PI «PI «PI • * • • • t • -» »PI • -» • -» • * • PI • PI • PI • • -»•PI«* • -»•-»•-»•-»•-»• • t • -» • PI • * • -» • * • PI • -» • PI • • * #PI «PI • -» #PI #PI • PI • -» • * • • + • -» • -» • >-» • -» • -» • • -» • • -» •* • PI • -» •4 • * «PI • -» «Pi • * • -» • * • -» • -» • PI • * «PI • -»•-»•-»•-» • -» *t • PI • -» • -» • * • -» «PI *t • * • -» • -» • -» • PI • PI •-»•PI •-»•• • PI • 4 •+ • PI «PI •* •-» •-» • 4 •-» •+ •-» • PI • • •-» • -» «PI •-»•-» • • -» •* • PI •* •-»•-»•-»•• • * • PI «t •-» • • PI • • PI • • 4 t •+ • pi • + _»_•*_ -» •-» -» «pi • pi •-» •-» • 4> • pi + »t 4» •-» -» «t • pi •-» •-» • pi •-» • pi • pi • • pi • * •* •+ •* SDG achievement ^ On track Challenges remain Moderately Increasing # Significant challenges remain ^ Stagnating 9 Major challenges remain ^ Decreasing • Data not available Figure 2.22 2023 SDG dashboards for Oceania (levels and trends) DECENT GOOU HEALTH CLEAN WATER AFFORDAE WORK AND NO AND QUALITY GENDER ECONOMIC POVERTY EDUCATION EQUALITY GROWTH INDOSTRY. RESPONSIBLE INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND REDUCED CITIES AND AND INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES PRODUCTION PEACE. JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS CLIMATE DELOW LIFE AND STRONG FORTHE ACTION WATER INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 3 4 5 8 g 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Fiji • * «Pi •-» «pi »-»»pi •-»•• • pi • • • -» • • • -» *pi •+ •* »pi Kiribati • • • -» «pi • + •-»•-»•-»•• • pi •• • pi • • • -» •-» • • • • «pi Marshall Islands • • •-»•• • +•-»•• •-»•• • -» • • • • • • • • •-» • • • • «pi Micronesia, Fed. Sts. • • •• • -»•+•-»•• •-»•• • -» • • • • • • • -» •-»•-»•• •-» Nauru • • •-»•• •^•-»•t«Pi«« • + • • • pi • • • -» «^ • • • • • * Pa la. • • •• •• • *•-»•+•*•• • t • • • t • • • • •-» •-» • • «pi Papua New Guinea • -»•+•-»•• •-»•-»•-»•-»•-»• • -» •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» Samoa • pi •-»•-»•-»•-»•pi •-»•• • pi •• • -» • • • -» • + • + •* • pi Solomon Islands • + •-»•-»• 4» • pi • * •-»•• • -» • • • -» • • • t • * • * •-» • pi Tonga • t • pi • • • pi •• • t • • • •»•-»•• •-» *t Tuvalu • • •-»•• •^•-»•t*Pi«* • pi •• • t • • • •» •-» • • • • • + Vanuatu • ^•-»•-»•pi •-»•-»•-»•• • pi •• • -» • • • •» •-» •-» • • • pi 0 SDG achievement Challenges remain 0 Significant challenges remain 0 Major challenges remain On track Moderately Increasing Stagnating ^ Decreasing • Data not available Sou/re: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 \* Implementing the SDG Stimulus 41 Figure 2.23 2023 SDG dashboards forsub-Saharan Africa (levels and trends) DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE GOOD HEALTH CLEAN WATER AFFORDABLE WORKAND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION NO ZERO AND OOALITV GENDER AND CLEAN ECONOMIC AND REDUCED CITIESANU AND CLIMATE BELOW POVERTY HONGER WELL-BEING EDOCATION EQOALITY SANITATION GROWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRODOCTION ACTION WATER PEACE. JOSTICE PARTNERSHIPS AND STRONG FORTHE DN LAND INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 2 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Ca bo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Rep. Cote d'lvoire Djibouti Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini Ethiopia Gabon Gambia,The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho Liberia Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sao Tome and Principe Senega Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe 42 • * • -» • -» • -» • -» • -» • • • * • -» • • -» • -» • -» • -» • * • -» • -» • -» • * • * • -» • -» • * • • -»•-»•-»•71 • -» «4 • -»•-»•-»•* • »71 • -» • • «71 • -» •* • * • -» • -» • • • -» • -» • * • * • • 71 • -» • • -» «71 «71 •• «71 • • -» • -» • -» • -» • • -» • -» • -» »71 • • -» • -» • -» • -» • * • -» • -» • -» • 4« • -»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»• • -» • -» • -» • -» • -» • • • • -» • • -» • + • -» • -» • • • * • -» • -» «71 • • -» • -» • • -» • -» • • • -» • • * • -» • -» • * • • -» • -» • «71 • * • -» • * «71 «71 • -» • -» • -» • 71 • -» • -» • -» «71 • -» • -» «4 • * • • -»•-»• • -»•• • -» • * • -» • -»•-»•71 • + • •• •-»•-»•-» • -»•-»•71 • * «71 •-» • •• «71 • 71 •-» «71 •-» «71 •-» «71 •-» •-» • -» •-» •-» • -» •-» • * • • * • • 71 • -» • •* «71 • «71 «71 «71 «71 • • 71 •-» •-» «71 •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» • • -» •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» • -» • • -» •-» •-» «71 «71 •-» «71 •-» «71 • • -» •-» •-» •-» • * •-» •-» •+ •-» • • * •-» •-» • * •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» • • -» •-» •-» • * • •-» •-» • * •-» • * •-» • •-» • • -»•-»•-»•-»•* •-» • * «71 •• •-»•-»•-» • -» •-» •-» • * • • •-» •-» •-» • • -» •-» •-» • •-» •-» •-» •-» «71 • • * •-» •-» •-» • • * •-» «71 • * • • -» •-» •-» • • • •-» • • * •-» • * • * • * •-» •-» •-» «71 • • -»•-»•71 •• «71 •-»•* • 71 •-» • •• •-» • •"» • 71 •• •-»•-» «71 «71 •* • -» »71 «71 «71 • •-» •-» • *••-»•• -» •-» • -»•*•*•• • -» «4 •* • -»•• •-» • * • • * •-» • -» • * • * •-» •-» •-» •-» • * • * «71 «71 «71 •-» • 71 • * «71 «4 •-» •-» • * • * • * •-» »71 • • * • * • • * • * •• •-» • -»•• •-»•• •-» • * •-» • -»•-»•-»•• •-»•-»•-» • -» • * • * •-» • •-» •-» • + •-» •-» •-» • + •-» •-» • -» • •-» • * •-» •-» «71 • -»•• •-»•-» • + •-» •-» • * • * • •-» •-» •-» • 71 •• • * •• «71 «4 •-» • -» • * • * • •-» •-» «71 • -»•t •-»•-»•-»•-»•-» • 71 •-» «71 •• «71 •-»•-» • -» «71 «71 «71 •-» •-» •-» • -»•• • -»•-»•-»•-»•* • -» • * • • * • * •-» • * • * •-» • * • * •-» • -»•-»•-»•<»•• •-»•-»• •-» • * • *•*••••-»•* • -» •-» •-» • -» • •-» •-» »71 «71 •-» •-» •-» «71 •-» •-» • -» •-» •-» •-» • •-» • • * • I • • -» •-» •-» • -» •-» • • • • * • • 71 •-» «71 •-» •-» «71 •-» «71 «71 • • -»•71 «71 •-» • * «71 •• • * • • 71 •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» •-» «71 •-» • + •-» •-» •-»•-»•-»•-»•-»• • -» •-» • • * »71 «71 •-» «71 «71 • * •-»•-»• • ••-»•-»•-»•-»• • * •-»•-»• •-»•-»•71 •-»•* • • -» •-» •* «71 «71 •-» •-» «71 •-» • -»-»••• •-»•-» «71 • -»•• • *•-»•* •-»•* • -» • •-» • •-» •-» «71 • 71 • • •-» •-» «71 • t • * • * • •-» •-» •-» • * • 71 «71 • * • -» «4 •• • * • -» • * «71 «71 •-» •-» «71 • -»•*•*•• • -» «4 •-» • -»•• • *•-»•-»••-» • -» • * • • * •-» •-» •-» • 71 • -» »71 »71 • -» • -» »71 »71 »71 • -» •-» »71 »71 •-» »4> »4> •-» • -»•71 «71 •• «71 •-»•* «71 •-»•-»•-»•* «71 •• •-»•-» 4^ • -»•71 •• «71 •-»•-»• •-» • -»•71 «71 •• •-»•4 •"» • -»•-»•-»•71 •-»•-»•-»• «71 «71 •• «4 •-» • SDG achievement ^ On track Source: Authors'analysis P Challenges remain 1 Moderately Increasing • Significant challenges remain • Major challenges remain ^ Stagnating ^ Decreasing • Data not available Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 2.4 SDG Dashboards by income groups and major world regions Figure 2.24 2023 SDG dashboards for Small Island Developing States (SIDS) (levels and trends) DECENT INDUSTRY. RESPONSIBLE PEACE. GOOD HEALTH ITER AFFORDABLE WORKAND INNOVATION SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION JUSTICE PARTNERSHIPS NO ZERU AND QUALITY GENDER ANDCLEAN ECONOMIC AND REDUCED CITIES AND AND CLIMATE BELOW LIFE AND STRONG FORTHE POVERTY HONGER WELL-BEING EDUCATION EQUALITY SI GROWTH INFRASTRUCTURE INEQUALITIES COMMUNITIES PRODUCTION ACTION WATER ON LAND INSTITUTIONS GOALS 1 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Antigua and Barbuda • • •-^•Pi • *•-»•• •* •• • 71 • • • 71 • • • -» •-» •-» • * • * Bahamas, The • • •-»•Pi •• • * • * • * • * • 71 • • • t •* • 71 •-» «4 •-» • * Barbados • • •* «71 «4 • pi •* •* • -» •* •• • 71 • • • 71 «71 «4 •-» • * Belize • * •* • -» • -» • 71 • * • * •* • 71 • • • 71 •* • t •-» •* •-» • * Ca bo Verde • 71 • -» «71 • -» «71 «71 «71 •• • 71 • • • 71 • • • -» •-» • * «71 • * Comoros • -»•-»•-»•• •-»•-»•71 •• • -» • • • -» • • • -» • * • * • •-» Cuba • • • -»•-»•-»•-»•* «71 «71 • 71 • • • -» • * • t •"» •"» •"» •"» Dominica Dominican Republic • t • -» • -» • -» • * «71 «71 «4 • 71 •* • -» • * • 71 •-» •-» •-» «71 Fiji • * •* • -» •* • -» •* • -» • • • 71 • • • -» • • • -» • * •* • * «71 Grenada • • •-»•71 «71 «71 •• • -»•• • t • • • • • • • -» •-» •-» •-» • + Guinea-Bissau • -»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•• • -» • • • -» • • • -» •-» •+ •-» •-» Guyana • t • * • * • * «71 • -» • -» «71 • 71 • • • 71 • • • -» • * • * •-» • * Haiti • -»•-»•-»•• «71 • -»•-» «4 • -» • • • -» • * • 71 «4 •-» «4 •-» Jamaica • -»•-»•-»•* • * •-»•-»•-»•71 •• • -» •-» «71 •-» •-» •-» «71 Kiribati • • •-»•71 «4 • -»•-»•-»•• • 71 • • • 71 • • • -» •-» • • • • «71 Maldives • t »71 «71 •* • -» •* «71 •• • 71 •* • 71 • • • -» • * • * •-» • * Marshall Islands • • •-»•• • *•-»•• •-»•• • -» • • • • • • • • •-» • • • • • * Mauritius • t •-» •-» •-» • * • * •-» • * • t • • • -» • • • -» •-» •-» •-» *t Micronesia, Fed. Sts. • • •• • -»•*•-»•• •-»•• • -» • • • • • • • -» •-»•-»•• •-» Nauru • • •-»•• • * •-»•*•*•• • * • • • 71 • • • -» • * • • • • •* Palau • • •• •• •* •-»•*•*•• • t • • • t • • • • •-» •-» • • «71 Papua New Guinea • -» • + •-» • •-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•• • -»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-»•-» Samoa • 71 •-»•-»•-»•-»•71 •-»•• • 71 • • • -» • • • -» • * • * • * «71 SäoTome and Principe • -»•-»•-»•• •-»•-»•71 •• • 71 • • • -» • • • t •-» • * •-» • * Seychelles • • •-» «71 «71 • -» •* «71 •• • t • • • 71 • • • -» •-» • * • • • * Singapore • • •-» «71 «71 «71 •* «71 «71 • 71 • • • 71 •* • t •-» • * •-» • * Solomon Islands • * •-»•-»•4' «71 • •-»•• • -» • • • -» • • • t •* • * •-» «71 St. Kitts and Nevis • • •-»•• «71 «71 •• «71 •• • t • • • t • • • -» •-» •-» •-» •-» St. Lucia • -»•-»•-»•-»•71 «71 •-»•• • 71 • • • 71 • • • -» •-» • * •-» • * St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname • • • * • -» «4 «71 • * «71 «4 • 71 • • • -» • • • -» •-» •-» •-» *t Timor-Leste • * •-»•Tl «71 • -» •* «71 •• • -» • • • 71 • • • • •* • • «71 «71 Tonga • *•-»•-»•*•-»•• «71 • • • 71 • • • t • • • -» •-» • • •-» • * Trinidad and Tobago • -»•-» «71 •• «71 «71 «71 «71 • 71 • • • 71 • • • 71 •-» •-» •-» «71 Tuvalu • • •-»•• • * •-»•*•*•• • 71 • • • t • • • -» •-» • • • • •* Vanuatu • * •-»•-»•71 •-»•-»•-»•• • 71 • • • -» • • • -» •-» •-» • • «71 0 SDG achievement B Challenges remain 9 Significant challenges remain ► Major challenges remain On track 1 Moderately Increasing ^ Stagnating ^ Decreasing Data not available Source: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 43 2. The SDG Index and Dashboards References Lafortune, Guillaume, Grayson Fuller, Leslie Bermont Diaz, Adolf Kloke-Lesch, Phoebe Koundouri, and Angelo Riccaboni 2022. Achieving the SDGs: Europe's Compass in a MultipolarWorld. Europe Sustainable Development Report 2022 . SDSN and SDSN Europe. France: Paris. Lafortune, Guillaume, Grayson Fuller, Jorge Moreno, Guido Schmidt-Traub, and Christian Kroll. 2018. SDG Index and Dashboards. Detailed Methodological paper. Paris: Bertelsmann Stiftung and Sustainable Development Solutions Network, http://sdgindex.org/assets/files/2018/ Methodological%20Paper_vl_gstJmm_Aug2018_FINAL.pdf. Lafortune, Guillaume, Grayson Fuller, Guido Schmidt-Traub, and Christian Kroll. 2020. How Is Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals Measured? Comparing Four Approaches for the EU . Sustainability 12 (18): 7675. https://doi.org/10.3390/sul2187675. Malik, Arunima, Guillaume Lafortune, Sarah Carter, Mengyu Li, Manfred Lenzen, and Christian Kroll. 2021. International Spillover Effects in the EU's Textile Supply Chains: A Global SDG Assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 295 (octobre): 113037. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2021.113037. Malik, Arunima, Guillaume Lafortune, Camille J Mora, Sarah Carter, and Manfred Lenzen. 2022. International spillovers embodied in the EU's supply chains:Tracking forced labour, accidents at work and climate impacts in the EU's consumption of fossil and mineral raw materials. Case Study. GIZ, SDSN and University of Sydney. Papadimitriou, Eleni, Ana Neves, and William Becker. 2019. JRC Statistical Audit of the Sustainable Development Goals Index and Dashboards. European Commission, Joint Research Centre. doi:l 0.2760/723763, JRC116857. Schmidt-Traub, Guido, Christian Kroll, Katerina Teksoz, David Durand-Delacre, and Jeffrey D. Sachs. 2017. National baselines for the Sustainable Development Goals assessed in the SDG Index and Dashboards. Nature Geoscience 10 (8): 547-55. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2985. SDSN, University ofTokyo, and Yale University. 2023. 2022 Global Commons Stewardship Index . Center for Global Commons. UN DESA. 2022. Moving Beyond GDP and Achieving Our Common Agenda with Natural Capital Accounting . UN DESA Policy Brief No. 144: https://www.un.org/ development/desa/dpad/publication/un-desa-policy-brief-no-144-moving-beyond-gdp-and-achieving-our-common-agenda-with-natural-capital-accounting/. UNECE. 2023. Growing Challenges for Sustainable Development: Can the UNECE Region Turn theTide in 2023? United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. Geneva. UNEP and OECD. 2022. Methodology for SDG-indicator 17.14.1: Mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence for sustainable development. UN Environment Programme. United Nations. 2023. Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals: Towards a Rescue Plan for People and Planet. UN Economic and Social Council. Report of the Secretary-General (Special Edition). https://www.google. earch?q=sustainable+development+goals+progress+ report&rlz=lC10NGR_frFR1022FR1022&source=lnt&tbs= qdr:m&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiauZ2l04H_AhXYVqQEHVoGD m8QpwV6BAgBEB0&biw=l 536&bih=746&dpr=l .25. University ofTokyo, Systemiq, and SDSN. 2023.Tackling international spillovers: an overview of policy options. Discussion Paper. Center for Global Commons. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3 Government Efforts and Commitments to the SDGs The SDGs require long-term directed change and global cooperation. Long-term investment plans are essential for national success in meeting the goals. There was no expectation in 2015, when the SDGs and Agenda 2030 were adopted, that all goals and targets would be achieved at their midpoint. However, by 2023, one would expect that most countries would have implemented ambitious policy, regulatory and investment frameworks compatible with achieving major SDG transformations. It could also be expected that all countries would have at least once documented their progress and their plans for achieving the SDGs in a Voluntary National Review (VNRs) presented at the United Nations. This section discusses government commitment and efforts for the SDGs. It captures something different from the SDG Index. A country facing a large gap to conquer on the SDG Index may have introduced ambitious policy frameworks that are likely to lead to future SDG breakthroughs - especially if these policies and planned investments are supported by adequate financing. As such, this assessment of government commitment and efforts for the SDGs is more "forward-looking". Compared with outcome statistics, however, input and process statistics are less internationally standardized and rely on more qualitative information and expert judgement. Nation-states continue to hold the primary responsibility for achieving the SDGs. This section focuses primarily on the executive branch at the federal/national level, although we briefly discuss how regions and cities can also use the SDGs as a strategy and monitoring framework. Other SDSN reports discuss subnational SDG progress and challenges at length. Building on earlier work conducted by the SDSN (Sachs et al, 2018-2022; Lafortune et al, 2022), we conceptualize government efforts for the SDGs using a three-pillar framework: (1) political leadership and institutional coordination; (2) SDG integration in sectoral policies and long-term pathways; and (3) commitment to multilateralism under the UN Charter (see Figure 3.1). For each pillar, we present proxy indicators that build on a combination of qualitative survey tools, third-party data, and data scraped from online institutional resources. We include results for each pillar, which we aggregate into an overall score for "government efforts and commitments for the SDGs". Building on close cooperation with SDSN national and regional networks and other partners, we cover this year 74 countries from various income groups and world regions. A detailed database and additional technical information are available online.This remains largely a work in progress, and we welcome feedback and comments on the selected indicators and methodology (see more at www.sdgtransformationcenter.org). 3.1 Political leadership and institutional coordination: results from the 2023 SDSN survey of government efforts for the SDGs The SDGs have a significant impact on public management practices and procedures (SDSN and OECD, 2019). Every year since 2018, SDSN has called on its global network of experts to track public statements by governments and their strategic use of public processes to support the SDGs. This information is collected through a survey of national coordination and implementation mechanisms at the central/federal level of government. The survey evaluates whether the SDGs are used and mentioned in official speeches, strategies, monitoring systems, budgets, and other public processes. It provides an overarching assessment of national/ federal government efforts to embrace the SDG agenda which is complemented by a more granular assessment of the alignment of sectoral policies, regulations, and investments for the SDGs (presented in the next sub-section). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Figure 3.1 A conceptual framework to evaluate government efforts and commitment to the SDGs This year's survey covers 74 countries (14 more than in 2022) plus the European Union. It includes all G20 countries, most OECD members, most countries with a population greater than 100 million inhabitants, and several LICs, LMICs, UMICs, HICs, and SIDS. Overall, these 74 countries represent nearly 85 percent of the world's population. Survey results are presented in Table 3.1. Data were collected and analyzed in close partnership with SDSN's global network, and results have been shared with UN Permanent Missions for comment prior to publication. The key finding from this survey is that, seven years after the adoption of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs, most governments have signaled "soft"SDG integration into their public management practices and procedures -although there is significant variation across countries -yet"hard"SDG integration is generally missing, including the use of the SDGs to support long-term budget and investment frameworks. By July 2023, all UN Member States will have presented a VNR except for Haiti, Myanmar, South Sudan, the United States and Yemen Most VNRs identify SDG priorities and actions within country borders, but fail to accurately capture efforts to curb negative international spillovers and the potential transboundary impacts of their policies. In general, our findings echo other research published over the past twelve months, showing continued gaps in SDG leadership and institutionalization (Biermann et al, 2022; Kotze et al, 2022; IGS, 2023). Further integration of goal-based sustainable development into public management processes, supported by long-term, science-based pathways, remains a top priority in most countries if they are to achieve SDG breakthroughs by 2030 and beyond. Official high-level speeches and the preparation of VNRs (as the official government-led process to report on SDG progress, gaps, and policy efforts) provide relevant proxies to gauge political commitment to the SDGs. Between January 2022 and April 2023,64 percent of the countries surveyed reinforced their commitment to the SDGs in an official speech or statement by the head of state (president or prime minister) - an increase from 2022, Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.1 Political leadership and institutional coordination: results from the 2023 SDSN survey of government efforts for the SDGs Table 3.1 National government efforts to implement the SDGs, survey results VNR SDG strategy/ High-level SDGs into statements sectoral action plans SDGs in national budget National SDG monitorinq Central government ^p j Movers mentioned in VNR 3 coordination of SDGs r WB Income Year submitted group yes/no yes/no yes/no Overarching narrative/section or budget line DI/IC* yes/no no. of indicators yes/no Location of coordinating unit Albania UMIC Algeria LMIC Argentina UMIC Australia HIC Austria HIC Bangladesh LMIC Barbados HIC Belgium HIC Benin LMIC Bolivia LMIC Bosnia and UM|C Herzegovina Brazil UMIC Bulgaria UMIC Cameroon LMIC Canada HIC Chile HIC China UMIC Colombia UMIC Congo, L|(. Dem. Rep. Cyprus HIC Czechia HIC Denmark HIC Ecuador UMIC a hrT' LMIC Arab Rep. Ethiopia LIC European Union Finland HIC France HIC Georgia UMIC Germany HIC Ghana LMIC Greece HIC Hungary HIC India LMIC Indonesia LMIC Ireland HIC Israel HIC Italy HIC Jamaica UMIC Japan HIC Kazakhstan UMIC Kenya LMIC Korea, Rep. HIC 2019 2019 2017.2020.2022 2018 2020,2023 2017.2020 2020,2023 2017,2023 2017.2018.2020 2021 2019,2023 2017 2020 2019.2022 2018.2023 2017.2019.2023 2016.2021 2016.2018.2021 2020,2023 2017,2021 2017,2021 2017.2021 2018,2020 2016,2018,2021 2017.2022 2023 2016,2020 2016.2023 2016.2020 2016.2021 2019.2022 2018.2022 2018 2017.2020 2017,2019,2021 2018.2023 2019 2017,2022 2018,2022 2017.2021 2019.2022 2017,2020 2016 yes, as a central pillar (5 mentions or more) yes, in the general narrative (1 to 4 mentions) no yes yes no yes 61 yes center of government no yes yes no no, but online reporting yes foreign affairs no no yes yes overarching narrative Dl and IC no, but online reporting 242 yes center of government no no no no no, but online reporting no no yes yes yes section or budget line Dl anc IC yes 200 yes center of government no yes yes no no, but online reporting 40 yes center of government no yes yes no no yes a central ministry no yes yes no yes 82 yes center of government yes, as a central pillar yes yes yes section or budget line Dl yes 164 yes a central ministry no no yes no yes 315 yes a central ministry no no no no no, but online reporting yes a central ministry no yes yes no no, but online reporting no no yes yes no yes 64 no yes, in the general narrative no yes no no yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative yes yes yes overarching narrative yes 76 yes a central ministry no yes yes no yes 138 yes foreign affairs no yes yes no no, but it is planned yes foreign affairs no yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl yes 161 no no no yes no yes 22 yes a central ministry no yes yes yes section or budget line Dl yes 140 yes a central ministry no no yes no yes 133 yes a central ministry no no yes yes section or budget line Dl anc IC yes 197 yes a central ministry yes, as a central pillar yes yes no no, but online reporting no no yes yes no yes 97 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative no yes yes section or budget line Dl yes 60 no no yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl anc IC yes 101 yes center of government yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl anc IC yes 42 yes center of government yes, as a central pillar no yes no yes 98 yes a central ministry no yes yes no yes 200 yes center of government no yes yes no yes 75 yes center of government yes, in the general narrative yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl yes 102 yes center of government no yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl yes 102 yes center of government yes, in the general narrative no no no yes 134 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative no no no yes 118 yes a central ministry no yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl anc IC yes 319 yes a central ministry no yes yes no no, but online reporting 123 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative no no no no, but it is planned no yes, in the general narrative yes yes yes overarching narrative IC yes 138 yes center of government yes, as a central pillar yes yes no yes 119 yes a central ministry yes, as a central pillar yes yes yes section or budget line Dl anc IC yes 162 yes center of government no yes no no yes 280 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative yes yes no yes 143 yes a central ministry no yes yes no yes 214 yes center of government no Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 49 Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Table 3.1 (continued) SDG strategy/ VNR High-level SDGsinto statements sectoral action SDGs in national budget National SDG monitoring Central government coordination of SDGs Spillovers mentioned in VNR plans yes, as a central pillar WB Overarching no. of indicators Location of coordinating unit (5 mentions or more) Income Year submitted yes/no yes/no yes/no narrative/section DI/IC* yes/no yes/no yes, in the general narrative group or budget line (1 to 4 mentions) no Malaysia UMIC 2017,2021 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl no, but online reporting yes a central ministry no Mexico UMIC 2016,2018,2021 no yes yes overarching narrative Dl yes 54 yes a central ministry no Morocco LMIC 2016,2020 yes yes no no, but online reporting yes center of government no Netherlands HIC 2017,2022 yes yes yes overarching narrative IC yes 171 yes foreign affairs yes, as a central pillar New Zealand HIC 2019 yes no no yes 115 no yes, in the general narrative Nigeria LMIC 2017,2020 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl yes 141 yes center of government no Norway HIC 2016,2021 yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl and IC no, but online reporting 97 yes a central ministry yes, as a central pillar Pakistan LMIC 2019,2022 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl no, but online reporting yes a central ministry no Peru UMIC 2017,2020 no no no no, but online reporting no no Philippines LMIC 2016,2019,2022 no yes no yes 155 yes a central ministry no Poland HIC 2018,2023 no yes no yes 126 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative Portugal HIC 2017,2023 yes yes yes overarching narrative Dl and IC yes 163 yes center of government yes, in the general narrative Romania HIC 2018,2023 yes yes no yes 98 yes center of government yes, in the general narrative Russian a central ministry Federation UMIC 2020 no no no yes 176 yes no Rwanda LIC 2019,2023 yes no no no yes a central ministry no Samoa LMIC 2016,2020 yes yes no yes 246 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative Saudi Arabia HIC 2018,2021,2023 no yes no no, but online reporting yes a central ministry no Senegal LMIC 2018,2022 no yes yes overarching narrative Dl and IC yes 142 yes a central ministry no Serbia UMIC 2019 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl no, but online reporting 126 no yes, in the general narrative Seychelles HIC 2020 yes yes no no no yes, in the general narrative Slovenia HIC 2017,2020 no yes no yes 54 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative South Africa UMIC 2019 no yes no yes 154 yes center of government no Spain HIC 2018,2021 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl and IC no, but online reporting yes a central ministry yes, as a central pillar Sweden HIC 2017,2021 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl and IC yes 65 yes a central ministry yes, as a central pillar Switzerland HIC 2016,2018,2022 yes yes no yes 109 yes a central ministry yes, in the general narrative Thailand UMIC 2017,2021 yes yes yes section or budget line Dl and IC yes 172 yes center of government no Tiirkiye UMIC 2016,2019 no yes no yes 153 yes center of government yes, in the general narrative Uganda LIC 2016,2020 yes yes no yes 92 yes center of government yes, in the general narrative Ukraine* LMIC 2020 no no no yes 183 yes a central ministry no United Kingdom HIC 2019 no yes no no, but online reporting no yes, in the general narrative United States HIC none no no no no, but online reporting no Vietnam LMIC 2018,2023 no no no yes 158 yes a central ministry no Note: *DI = Domestic implementation; IC = International cooperation. Data from Jamaica, except questions about VNRs, are from the 2022 SDSN survey of government efforts. Responses for Ukraine reflectthe situation as of February 2022. Spillovers in VNRs mean the use of terms'spillovers""international spillovers""transboundaryeffects'and "policy coherence" (in the context of trade or official development assistance). More details about questions and results are online at wwww.sdgindex.org and www.sdgtransformationcenter.org). Source: SDSN 2023 Survey of Government Efforts for the SDGs (February 2023). 50 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.1 Political leadership and institutional coordination: results from the 2023 SDSN survey of government efforts for the SDGs when only 57 percent of surveyed countries had done so - and since 2016,188 UN Member States have prepared VNRs (see Figure 3.2). Forty countries have committed to submitting a VNR this year: two will be presenting a VNR for the first time, 37 for the second time, and one for the third time. Two countries - Togo and Uruguay - have submitted fourVNRs since 2016.Two non-UN-members (the European Union and Palestine) have or will also submit VNRs. At the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, only five countries have never submitted a VNR, among them the United States (HLPF, 2023). On institutional coordination, we find that a large majority of countries have appointed a lead unit or agency to coordinate the SDGs, but only around a third of the countries surveyed locate this unit at the center of government (in cabinet offices or within the offices of the President or Prime Minister) (Figure 3.3).The majority position it in a central ministry (of economy, planning, public administration, or environment, for example), while Spain has a dedicated Ministry of Social Rights and the 2030 Agenda. The survey does not evaluate, in practice, the effectiveness and influence of such coordination mechanisms and units in driving a whole-of-government approach to SDG implementation. A large majority of governments - 83 percent of those surveyed - have published some form of strategic vision and/or action plan to implement the goals. For many, this takes the form of a national sustainability strategy explicitly linked to the 2030 Agenda goals and targets. Some countries take a mainstreaming approach, where SDGs are implemented by each government ministry within the scope of its mandate (instead of via an overarching national action plan). The mainstreaming approach was used by the European Union, which also adopted the European Green Deal as its main strategic roadmap for achieving sustainable development. Our survey cannot evaluate the breadth or actualization of these strategic visions and action plans, although SDSN has published a detailed analysis of SDG integration in post-COVID-19 recovery and resilience plans in the European Union (Lafortune et al., 2021). The next subsection goes beyond references to SDG and describes persistent gaps in sectoral policy measures for major SDG transformations in greater detail. Most countries surveyed had also defined SDG monitoring systems. More than two-thirds (68 percent) have adapted the SDG framework to their context and identified a set of nationally relevant indicators. Often these are aligned with official United Nations SDG indicators or represent a subset of them. Some countries have also developed localized indicators that account for country contexts. For example, France has a national dashboard of 98 SDG indicators, adopted after several rounds of consultations, which includes indicators that go beyond the official UN SDG indicator framework. France also contributes to global statistical efforts by working with UN agencies to report data points across all 231 official global indicators. An average of 136 indicators are included in national frameworks for monitoring the SDGs. Many countries have also developed online platforms to report on progress towards the goals. The survey does not evaluate the integration and influence of such monitoring tools within broader policy, regulatory, and budget cycles, however it has recently been suggested that SDG monitoring frameworks so far suffer from insufficient linkages to policy implementation as well as low overall visibility (Lepenies et al, 2023). Supreme audit institutions and parliamentary processes have also been used in some countries to track efforts to implement the SDGs (Office of the Auditor General of Canada, 2018 and 2021; INTOSAI, 2019; European Parliament, 2022). As in previous years, there is some discrepancy between expressed political support for the SDGs and integration of the goals into strategic public policy processes, especially long-term budget and investment frameworks. A little over a third of governments surveyed (36 percent) mention the SDGs or use related terms in their latest official budget document. Among these 27 countries, less than half go beyond this to include the SDGs in a dedicated section, budget lines, or allocation. Some countries specifically refer to the SDGs in their national budget to support domestic SDG implementation nationally (including through national health, education, social protection, or economic development reforms), abroad (for example, in aid allocation or foreign policy), or both. Looking ahead, establishing stronger connections between SDG gaps, targets, monitoring systems, and multi-year budget allocations remains an important priority. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Figure 3.2 Submissions of voluntary national reviews (numberof submitters, 2023) and submissions peryearsince 2016 Countries/entities that have submitted exactly 4 VNRs Countries/entities that have submitted exactly 3 VNRs Countries/entities that have submitted exactly 2 VNRs Countries/entities that have submitted exactly 1 VNR Countries/entities that have submitted exactly 0 VNRs 108 120 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 i > Numberof VNR submissions (peryear) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 i i 2023 2024 Note: Data includes VNRs that will be submitted by countries in 2023. Source: Authors'analysis. Based on data from the United Nations (2023). 52 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.1 Political leadership and institutional coordination: results from the 2023 SDSN survey of government efforts for the SDGs Figure 3.3 Designated lead unitforSDG coordination at the central/federal level of government to implement the SDGs (2023) Designated lead unit for SDG coordination at the central/federal level of government Location of designated lead coordination unit if led from central/federal level of government I Foreign affairs I Center of government A line ministry A/ofe."Center of government" refers to the designated unit being in the President's or Prime Minister's office or as a cabinet-level position. "A line ministry"refers to the ministry of finance, economic development, planning, public service or administration, environment or similar. "Foreign affa irs" refers to the ministry of foreign affairs, international cooperation or similar. Source: SDSN 2023 Survey of Government Efforts for the SDGs (February 2023). Figure 3.4 Integration of the SDGs into key policy processes by income groups 100 LlCsand LMICs(n=22, 75% of global LIC and LMICpop.) HICs (n=33, 97% of global HIC pop.) UMICs (n=19, 92% of global UMIC pop.) G20 (n= 20,100% of G20 pop.) Source: SDSN 2023 Survey of Government Efforts for the SDGs (February 2023). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 53 Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments As G20 countries represent two-thirds of the world's population and 85 percent of global GDP, integrating the SDGs into their governance systems is particularly important. Compared with other countries, G20 countries tend to lag in several aspects of institutional leadership for the SDGs, including explicit political support in speeches and monitoring and coordination mechanisms.The integration of the SDGs in national budget processes could be strengthened in most countries, and especially in LICs and LMICs, where less a third of the countries surveyed refer to the SDGs in their national budgets - either in the narrative or as a dedicated section or budget line. 3.2 SDG integration into sectoral policies and pathways: scorecards for the Six SDG Transformations The SDGs require long-term directed change, with long-term investment plans essential for national success in meeting the goals. SDSN has recommended six interrelated long-term transformations: 1. Universal quality education and innovation-based economy 2. Universal health coverage 3. Zero-carbon energy systems 4. Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience 5. Sustainable cities 6. Transformation to universal digital access and services Each of these challenges requires large-scale public and private investments to mid-century. Each requires a technological transformation. Each requires a financing strategy to underpin the investment plans and monitoring systems. None can be solved by the private sector alone. Governments must take the lead in all six areas to design policy and financial frameworks within which business can profitably invest and innovate. Building on the work of previous Sustainable Development Reports, we present here an updated and improved version of the SDG Transformation scorecards, to evaluate how the SDGs are being integrated into sectoral plans. Each scorecard consists of a collection of headline policy and investment measures to track SDG implementation. These scorecards complement the SDG Index, which is based on outcome data (for example, on poverty rates, life expectancy, and C02 emissions). At the international level, such measures of outcome tend to present significant time lags: they may not adequately reflect the impact of transformative policies and investments that governments have introduced since the adoption of the SDGs, and which often yield results only in the medium or long term. The scorecards instead focus on the enabling legal, regulatory, and investment conditions needed to achieve the SDGs and the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement. This exercise has several caveats and limitations. First, internationally comparable policy trackers and measures (such as laws, regulations, investments, and subsidies) tend to be less available than international outcome data.They rely on more qualitative methods and require an advanced understanding of policy areas and country policies and contexts (generally, more comparable policy trackers and measures are available for OECD countries than for others). Second, policy efforts need to be interpreted with an understanding of national challenges and contexts (for instance, the absence of advanced cybersecurity policies matters less in a country with low internet access and poor digital infrastructure).Third, apart from a few exceptions, government pledges and policies do not capture their effective implementation. And fourth, targets or thresholds to gauge policy ambitions are not always clearly defined. The rest of this section provides a brief overview of countries'policy efforts and commitments relating to achieving the six SDG Transformations, and highlights where more research and policy trackers are required to broaden our understanding of national SDG efforts. We present detailed results for the G20 countries, along with population-weighted averages by geographic region and income group. Detailed information on indicator sources, thresholds and results for all 193 UN Member States are accessible online. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Transformation 2: Universal health coverage Transformation 1: Universal quality education and innovation-based economy Education builds human capital, which in turn promotes economic growth, innovation, decent work, and the elimination of extreme poverty, and helps overcome gender and other inequalities. Countries must further expand and transform education systems. SDG target 4.1 calls for universal access to 12 years of free primary and secondary education, with at least 9 years compulsory. This scorecard shows that many countries around the world currently fall short of this target. To reduce inequalities, governments also need to expand social safety nets. These should be complemented by antidiscrimination measures (including those furthering gender equality); improved labor standards; and measures to end all forms of modern slavery, trafficking, and child labor. Investments in research and development will also help to promote economic growth, which can contribute to reducing inequalities. Looking ahead, a lead global indicator must be established to assess country efforts to strengthen their population's and students'knowledge of sustainable development and their ability to navigate an information-rich environment. This is important to achieve long-term science-based transformations of all economies, and to build up public support and accountability. According to the OECD, only one in 10 students in OECD countries can distinguish between fact and opinion (OECD, 2018). Transformation 2: Universal health coverage This Transformation promotes key investments in health and well-being. It aligns closely with SDG Target 3.8, achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that all people have access to the health services they need. In the SDGs, universal health care (UHC) is considered a target in itself. For the SDG Transformation scorecards, however, we consider UHC an enabler (input) for greater health outcomes. Even before the Covid-19 pandemic, the WHO and other international institutions had lamented the slow pace of progress towards achieving universal health coverage (WHO, 2019). Compared with the rest of the world, a higher percentage of people in OECD countries tend to be covered by public or mandatory private health insurance, and incidence rates of catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditures are lower - although there are exceptions, including Mexico, Costa Rica, Poland, and the United States. The SDGs also call on all countries to strengthen their capacities for early warning, risk reduction, and the management of national and global health risks (SDG target 3.d). As a measure of pandemic preparedness, the Global Health Security Index turned out to be a rather poor predictor of effective early response to COVID-19, as measured by the number of cases and deaths (Lafortune, 2020), indicating that important factors are at play that are not yet adequately captured by existing policy trackers. Nevertheless, we have not identified a better policy-focused indicator of pandemic preparedness. In the context of the High-Level Pandemic Summit to take place in September 2023 and the forthcoming global pandemic treaty, it remains vital to define solid international measures and monitoring systems that can better gauge countries'preparedness for global health security threats. But it is also important to address drivers that can lead to the emergence of new pathogens, including environmental drivers, through "One Health" approaches (Sachs et al, 2022; McKee et al, 2021). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Table 3.2 Scorecard -Transformation 1: Universal quality education and innovation-based economy Note: Regional and income level averages are population weighted. Details on definitions, sources, and thresholds are available on www.sdgindex.org 5ou/te:Authors'analysis Transformation 1: Universal quality education and innovation-based economy Commitment to Yearsoffree Years of compulsory Reducing Inequalities: education in the law education in the law Tax Progressivity & (#, 2022, UNESCO) (#, 2022, UNESCO) Protection of Labor Right (score, 2022, Oxfam & DFI) Gender Equality . , 7 Expenditure on research in the Law , , and development !,c0i!j„ .,' (% of GDP, 2020, UNESCO) World Bank) G20 Countries Argentina 12 0.63 79.4 0.5 Australia 13 10 mm 96.9 1.8 Brazil 12 0.55 85.0 1.2 Canada 12 10 100.0 1.7 China 9 57 5.6 2 4 France 12 69 10 0.0 2 4 10 0 Germany 13 0 74 9 7.5 3 1 India 8 8 0 47 7 4.4 0 7 Indonesia 9 0.54 64.4 0.3 Italy 8 0.66 97.5 1.5 Japan 9 9 78.8 3.3 Korea, Rep. 9 9 0.67 85.0 4.8 Mexico 12 0.57 88.8 0.3 Russian Federation 11 11 0.67 73.1 1.1 Saudi Arabia 12 9 no data 80.0 0.5 South Africa 12 9 0.65 88.1 0.6 Turkiye 12 12 0.58 82.5 United Kingdom 13 11 0.69 97.5 1.7 United States 12 12 0.65 91.3 By regions East and South Asia 9 9 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 0.62 73.3 0.7 11 10 Latin America and the Caribbean 12 11 0.56 84.1 0.7 Middle East and North Africa 11 10 0.55 49.8 0.7 Oceania 1 0 0.48 61.8 no data OECD members 11 11 0.66 Sub-Saharan Africa 9 8 0.45 0 3 By income level Low-income countries 9 7 0.44 65.5 0.3 Lower-middle-income countries 9 9 0.50 68.8 0.5 Upper-middle-income countries 10 10 0.58 77.5 1.7 High-income countries 11 11 0.68 91.4 2.6 More ambitious > 12 years > 12 years >0.7 >90 > 2.3% Moderately ambitious > 9 years > 9 years >0.5 >70 > 1.0% Less ambitious less than 9 years less than 9 years below 0.5 below 70 below 1.0% Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Transformation 2: Universal health coverage Table 3.3 Scorecard - Transformation 2: Universal health coverage Note: Regional and income level averages are population weighted. Details on definitions, sources, and thresholds are available on www.sdgindex.org Source: Authors'analysis Transformation 2: Universal health coverage Catastrophic out-of- Global Health Security ,.,,„., , pocket health spending: Population coverage for Index: Pandemic UHC index of service coverage „ .. , ... fscore 2019 WHO) Pop.spending 10%+of healthcare Preparedness ' ' household income on health (%, 2020, OECD) (score, 2021, NIS& (%,2016,WHO) JohnsHopkins) G20 Countries Argentina 73.0 9.6 NO DATA 54.4 Australia 87.0 2.5 100.0 71.1 Brazil 75.0 11.8 NO DATA 51.2 Canada 100.0 69.8 China 1 32.0 24.0 NO DATA 47.5 France i 34.0 NO DATA 99.9 61.9 Germany 1.5 100.0 65.5 India 17.3 NO DATA 42.8 Indonesia 59.0 NO DATA 50.4 Italy 83.0 9.3 100.0 51.9 Japan 85.0 10.5 100.0 60.5 Korea, Rep. 87.0 12.0 100.0 65.4 Mexico 74.0 1.6 72.4 57.0 Russian Federation 75.0 7.7 NO DATA 49.1 Saudi Arabia 74.0 1.3 NO DATA 44.9 South Africa 67.0 1.0 NO DATA 45.8 Turkiye 79.0 3.2 98.8 50.0 United Kingdom 2.3 67.2 United States 83.0 4.3 90.3 75.9 By regions East and South Asia 67.6 17.2 NO DATA 44.3 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 69.0 10.3 NO DATA 43.2 Latin America and the Caribbean 72.6 10.4 NO DATA 45.4 Middle East and North Africa 68.2 16.6 NO DATA 30.7 Oceania 37.5 NO DATA NO DATA 25.1 OECD members 5.9 94.4 Sub-Saharan Africa 44.4 8.4 NO DATA 32.9 By income level Low-income countries 42.0 NO DATA 28.6 Lower-middle-income countries 58.1 14.0 NO DATA 38.5 Upper-middle-income countries 78.2 16.5 85.4 48.0 High-income countries 83.4 6.3 96.6 64.0 More ambitious >80 >4% > 99% >80 Moderately ambitious >60 < 10% > 95% >50 Less ambitious below 60 below 10% below 95% below 50 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 57 Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Transformation 3: Zero-carbon energy systems This Transformation aims to ensure universal access to modern energy sources; decarbonize the energy system by mid-century (in line with the Paris Agreement); and reduce industrial pollution of soil, water, and air. More than 130 countries are signatories to the UN Climate Ambition Alliance, and more than 50 have anchored their net-zero commitment in a law or policy document (Net Zero Tracker, 2023; UNFCCC, 2022). By September 2022,139 countries had submitted or updated nationally determined contributions (NDCs), with studies finding that new and updated NDCs present more ambitious emission-reduction targets and planning (WRI, 2022). There continues to be a major discrepancy between coun-tries'self-declared ambitions and their tangible efforts and policies. The Climate Action Tracker, an independent scientific analysis of governments'climate actions, finds that no single G20 country has adopted a sufficient mix of policies and actions to achieve the Paris Climate Agreement objectives, with only the United Kingdom reaching an "almost sufficient" level of policy (Climate Action Tracker, 2022). Many countries continue to provide substantial subsidies for fossil fuels, undermining their initiatives to decarbonize the energy system, such as the United States'Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and the European Union's Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA) (DGAP 2023). While comparable country-level data are not yet available, the IEA has concluded that global fossil-fuel consumption subsidies rose sharply in 2022, as governments attempted to shield consumers from rising energy bills (IEA 2023, OECD 2022). Transformation 4: Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience Unsustainable consumption is strongly interconnected with diets, land-use policies, and the health of major ecosystems. This is why Transformation 4 calls for integrated transformations to address dietary shifts, biodiversity, agricultural systems, and land-use policies. Bringing these elements together is a main difference between the Six Transformations and the "six entry points for action" presented in the Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR, 2023), which treats "Sustainable Food Systems and Healthy Nutrition" and the "Global Environmental Commons"as two separate entry points. Today's land-use practices and food systems have led to persistent hunger, malnutrition, and obesity. They account for a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions, over 90 percent of scarcity-weighted water use, most biodiversity loss, the overexploitation offish populations, eutrophication through nutrient overload, and the pollution of our water and air. Food systems are also highly vulnerable to climate change and land degradation: integrated strategies are vital to ensure that these systems, along with land-use practices and ocean ecosystems, are sustainable and healthy for people.The Convention on Biological Diversity, adopted in December 2022 during the 15th Convention of Parties in Canada, calls to protect and conserve at least 30 percent of terrestrial, inland water and coastal and marine areas by 2030,"especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services" (UN, 2022). UNEP estimates that 84 percent of Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) have now adopted climate adaptation plans, strategies, laws, and policies (UNEP, 2022). But there is a significant gap in funding these measures. Annual adaptation funding needs are expected to reach US$160 billion to US$340 billion by 2030, and US$315 billion to US$565 billion by 2050 (UNEP, 2022). Establishing mechanisms to ensure that the burden of financing human-induced adaptation is shared fairly and globally, and that the countries responsible pay the costs of loss and damages, remains an important priority for the international community. The SDSN is highly committed to supporting global and national efforts to develop sustainable food and land systems, preserve major ecosystems, and ensure adequate finance for nature and climate adaptation. In close collaboration with the Food and Land Use Coalition (FOLU), the SDSN's FABLE and FELD projects provide support for long-term, sustainable food and land use pathways and policies. Despite the recognized importance of decarbonizing agriculture and enhancing carbon sinks towards achieving the objectives of the Paris Climate Agreement, FELD recently documented the limited integration of food and land policies into NDCs (FELD, 2022). Other flagship projects include the Global Commons Stewardship Initiative (led by the Center for Global Commons at the University of Tokyo in cooperation with SDSN and other partners) and the Science Panel for the Amazon (CGC, SDSN and Yale, 2023; CGC, SYSTEMIQ, SDSN et al, 2022). Considering the complexity and far-reaching nature of this Transformation, we are not yet in a position to present a scorecard for Transformation 4. 58 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Transformation 4: Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience Table 3.4 Scorecard- Transformation 3: Zero-carbon energy systems Wore: Regional and income level averages are population weighted. Details on definitions, sources, and thresholds are available on www.sdgindex.org Source: Authors'analysis Transformation 3: Zero-carbon energy systems UN Climate Ambition Alliance Law, policy- or NDC-based commitment to reach net-zero emissions by 2050 (April 2023, Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit) 1.5°C Paris-agreement-compatible climate action Unconditional fossil fuel subsidies Hi IIPr Signatory (March 2022, UN) (April 2023, Climate Action Tracker) (USD per capita, March 2022, Energy Pol icy Tracker) G20 Countries Argentina / / Highly Insufficient 29.82 Australia X Insufficient 65.53 Brazil X X Insufficient 2.71 Canada / Highly Insufficient 537.99 China X 2060 Highly Insufficient 17.55 France / / Insufficient 116.01 Germany / / Insufficient 195.23 India X X Highly Insufficient 27.19 Indonesia X X Highly Insufficient 23.66 Italy / / Insufficient 65.76 Japan / / Insufficient 12.93 Korea, Rep. / / Highly Insufficient 97.46 Mexico X Highly Insufficient 61.88 Russian Federation X 2060 Critically Insufficient 35.50 Saudi Arabia X 2060 Highly Insufficient 158.17 South Africa X X Insufficient 10.66 Turkiye X 2053 Critically Insufficient 165.68 United Kingdom Almost Sufficient 589.53 United States X / Insufficient 217.32 By regions East and South Asia NO DATA 11 of 21 NO DATA NO DATA Eastern Europe and Central Asia 14 of 27 20 of 27 NO DATA NO DATA Latin America and the Caribbean 21 of 29 18of29 NO DATA NO DATA Middle East and North Africa NO DATA 9 of 17 NO DATA NO DATA Oceania 12 of 12 6 of 12 NO DATA NO DATA OECD members 33 of 38 34 of 38 NO DATA NO DATA Sub-Saharan Africa 40 of 49 20 of 49 NO DATA NO DATA By income level Low-income countries 25 of 27 8 of 27 NO DATA NO DATA Lower-middle-income countries 34 of 54 30 of 54 NO DATA NO DATA Upper-middle-income countries 32 of 54 33 of 54 NO DATA NO DATA High-income countries 43 of 58 47 of 58 NO DATA NO DATA 1 More ambitious signatory net-zero by 2050 1.5°C compatible 0 USD/capita 1 Moderately ambitious N/A net-zero by 2060 2°C compatible < 50 USD/capita 1 Less ambitious not a signatory no commitment above 2°C 50+ USD/capita Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Transformation 5: Sustainable cities Cities and other urban areas are home to around 55 percent of humanity, and account for 70 percent of global economic output. By 2050, these shares will increase to 70 and 85 percent, respectively (Jiang and O'Neill, 2017). The OECD estimates that 105 of the 169 SDG targets will not be reached without sufficiently engaging sub-national governments (OECD, 2020). the COVID-19 pandemic has had lasting impacts on urban mobility, land use, property values, and transport systems in developed and developing countries alike. Many urban organizations and associations have mainstreamed the SDGs into their work programs, including C40, UN-Habitat, United Cities and Local Governments (UCLG), and Local Governments for Sustainability (ICLEI), as well as the OECD's Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Cities and Regions. By design,Transformation 5 calls for regional and local policy trackers. These would notably track efforts at the regional and city level to curb urban pollution, increase housing affordability, and strengthen mobility and access to public transport. Other policy measures could Box 3.1 The OECD, SDSN and the European Committee of the Regions survey of city and regional SDG policies in a time of crisis The survey focused on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine on SDG implementation at the subnational level. Questions explored policy measures to address rising costs of living (SDGs 1, 2,11,13), energy costs (SDG 7) and food prices (SDG 2), which have emerged as political priorities across the world. The responses from over 250 governments and territorial stakeholders will be used to support the OECD program "A Territorial Approach to the SDGs". An OECD-SDSN policy paper and a CoR map on city and regional commitment to the SDGs will be presented at the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development - where progress on SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities) is being reviewed - and at the September 2023 SDG Summit. More than half of the 192 local and regional governments surveyed have a dedicated SDG strategy or action plan and a similar percentage use indicators to track SDG progress (as of April 2023). Other survey questions looked at the types of data used by cities and regions to track progress, challenges and success factors, and explored specific policy initiatives related to SDGs 2 and 7. Figure 3.5 Percentage of local and regional governments using selected SDG policies and actions Source: 2023 OECD-SDSN-CoR survey on the role of cities and regions for the SDGs in an uncertain geopolitical context Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Transformation 6: Universal digital access and services be considered proxies of local government commitment to achieving the triple objective of being economically productive, socially inclusive, and environmentally sustainable. SDSN is working with local partners to strengthen policy frameworks in regions and cities, and to reinforce the science-policy interface at the subna-tional level. In early 2023, the OECD, SDSN, and the European Committee of the Regions (CoR) conducted a survey to take stock of city and regional SDG progress. Previous surveys on the topic were conducted by the OECD and the CoR in 2019 and 2020. Transformation 6: Universal digital access and services Artificial intelligence and other digital technologies are disrupting almost every sector of the economy: agriculture (precision agriculture), mining (autonomous vehicles), manufacturing (robotics), retail (e-commerce), finance (e-payments, trading strategies), media (social networks), health (diagnostics, telemedicine), education (online learning), public administration (e-governance, e-voting), and more recently, clerical, drafting, research and creative work (generative Al), as well as other fields in science and technology. Digital technologies can raise productivity, lower production costs, reduce emissions, expand access, dematerialize production, improve matching in markets, enable the use of big and unconventional data, and make public services more readily available. They can also improve resource-use efficiencies, support the circular economy, enable zero-carbon energy systems, help monitor and protect ecosystems, and assume other critical roles in support of the SDGs. Yet the disruptive nature of new technologies calls for deliberative exchanges and consultations with multiple stakeholders and careful assessment of distributional impacts and trade-offs. Countries face different challenges depending on the maturity of their digital infrastructure and technologies. Less-connected countries especially need to invest to provide widespread, affordable internet access and promote digital literacy. Yet issues surrounding privacy, cybersecurity, e-government, digital inclusion, and the robustness of digital regulatory frameworks concern all countries. The Transformation 6 scorecard builds on the World Bank's Digitalization for Development policy framework (World Bank, 2022). It aims to capture efforts made to strengthen digital infrastructure, data security, and government platforms and services, as well as the promotion of key enablers such as digital literacy and privacy and inclusiveness (including bringing a social and gender perspective to digital and technology policies). For now, the scorecard captures a subset of these different elements: we aim to improve coverage over time. UN DESA's Online Services Index assesses the quality of government provision of online services; the ITU's ICTRegulatory Tracker is a composite score of regulatory and competition framework for the ICT sector; UNCTAD's Global Cyberlaw tracker maps legislation on e-commerce, consumer and data protection and cybercrime; and, finally, the Inclusive Internet Index's policy score assesses a set of policies on digital inclusion for women and children and safety and privacy, as well as policies aiming to increase broadband and 5G access. Further analyses will be needed to capture policies and regulations supporting "last-mile inclusion", particularly in relation to financial services and digital literacy, and participation and trust in digital institutions (BCG 2020, Morell-Ducos 2021, Shree, S., Pratap, B., Saroy, R. 2021, CGAP/World Bank 2020). Trackers are also needed to better gauge the quality of internet regulations, measure access to e-government services and evaluate their quality, and to assess government readiness to respond to and to prevent cybersecurity threats. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Table 3.5 Scorecard - Transformation 6: Transformation to universal digital access and services Note: Regional and income level averages are population weighted. Details on definitions, sources, and thresholds are available on www.sdgindex.org Source: Authors'analysis Transformation 6: Transformation to universal digital access and services UN Online Services Index (score, 2022, UNDESA) ICT Regulatory Tracker 2022 (score, 2022, ITU) Global Cyberlaw Tracker (score, 2021, UNCTAD) Policy Score, The Inclusive Internet Index (score, Economist Impact, 2022) G20 Countries Argentina 0.81 84.50 4.00 0.64 Australia 0.94 94.50 4.00 0.82 Brazil 0.90 94.00 4.00 0.77 Canada 0.85 87.50 4.00 China 0.89 63.00 4.00 0.77 France 0.88 95.50 4.00 0.73 Germany 0.79 93.50 4.00 0.77 India 0.79 85.00 3.00 0.73 Indonesia 0.76 62.00 4.00 Italy 0.87 99.00 4.00 0.82 Japan 0.91 73.50 4.00 0.68 Korea, Rep. 0.98 70.20 4.00 NO DATA Mexico 0.82 mm 4.00 0.82 Russian Federation 0.74 61.50 4.00 NO DATA Saudi Arabia 0.82 94.00 4.00 0.73 South Africa 0.75 85.30 4.00 0.73 Turkiye 0.86 93.50 4.00 0.86 United Kingdom 0.89 95.50 4.00 0.91 United States 0.93 90.50 4.00 0.82 By regions East and South Asia 0.78 3.48 0.71 Eastern Europe and Central Asia 0.68 61.73 3.51 NO DATA Latin America and the Caribbean 0.73 84.44 3.74 NO DATA Middle East and North Africa 0.48 73.43 3.31 0.56 Oceania 0.34 61.53 1.51 NO DATA OECD members 3.99 0.80 Sub-Saharan Africa 0.44 3.07 0.56 By income level Low-income countries 0.33 62.06 2.45 NO DATA Lower-middle-income countries 0.66 0.66 Upper-middle-income countries 0.82 71.1 3.91 NO DATA High-income countries 0.88 88.6 3.98 0.79 More ambitious >0.8 >85 4 >80 Moderately ambitious >0.65 >70 >4 >60 Less ambitious below 0.65 below 70 below 3 below 40 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.3 Support for multilateralism under the Charter of the United Nations 3.3 Support for multilateralism under the Charter of the United Nations Achieving the SDGs requires global cooperation under the UN Charter. The Charter, signed in 1945, is the founding document of the United Nations. It codifies the major principles of international relations, from the sovereign equality of States to the prohibition of the use offeree in international relations. Climate change, peace, cybersecurity, reliable data and information, and pandemic prevention and response all depend on close collaboration across countries and a strong multilateral system, while global supply chains and financial flows can either support or undermine countries'efforts to achieve the SDGs. The 2015 Declaration, Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, recalls that: "Seventy years ago, an earlier generation of world leaders came together to create the United Nations. From the ashes of war and division they fashioned this Organization and the values of peace, dialogue and international cooperation which underpin it. The supreme embodiment of those values is the Charter of the United Nations." The SDGs are not only a public policy framework; they are an ethical imperative grounded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which celebrates its 75th anniversary this year. The SDGs are based on the core premises of the Universal Declaration, that/All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights ... and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood," and that "it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations". In 2022, the United Nations Secretary-General appointed a High-Level Advisory Board on Effective Multilateralism, with a mandate to develop a list of concrete, actionable recommendations to improve international cooperation and advance the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. We therefore consider that promoting multilateralism and global cooperation under the UN Charter is an important component of countries'efforts and commitments for the SDGs. This section is an attempt to take stock of countries'efforts to adhere to the values and principles of multilateralism in order to achieve sustainable development. To our knowledge, there is currently no overarching measure that captures the many dimensions of support for multilateralism.The International Peace Institute's 2022 Index of Multilateralism explored the state of multilateralism globally, but it did not compare country engagement (IPI, 2022). Other reports focus on mapping the size of diplomatic networks or measuring specific aspects of multilateral efforts (e.g., peace or official development assistance).The assessment presented this year is a pilot that we aim to improve and expand in coming years. We welcome comments and feedback. We present a variety of proxy indicators to gauge countries' ratification of UN treaties, their membership in UN institutions, unilateral sanctions they have adopted against other UN Member States, and their efforts to promote global solidarity - including international financial flows - and peace. In most cases, we aim to capture the latest period (2018-2022) or the latest available data points. The variables related to the ratification of treaties and the adoption of unilateral coercive measures cover 1946-2022 and 1950-2021 respectively. This assessment is based on UN databases and several third-party sources. For presentational reasons, the tables and charts cover only OECD, G20, and large economies.The full database and additional material are accessible online. Percentage of UN Treaties ratified: This indicator covers all Conventions, International Conventions, and Agreements adopted by the United Nations from 1946-2022, including those adopted before 1946 that were later added to the UN Treaty system. It excludes Protocols, Optional Protocols, and Amendments, as well as Conventions that were later terminated or only applied to a small number of countries. For each of the 150 treaties, we recorded whether Member States had signed or ratified them. Signature of a treaty is not legally binding, whereas ratification (or acceptance, accession, definitive signature, and succession) is legally binding.The indicator for the percentage of UN treaties ratified (all international) shows the percentage of these 150 treaties that each Member State has ratified, whereas the percentage of UN treaties ratified (selective) indicator shows the percentage each country has ratified of a select Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Figure 3.6 UN treaties ratified by Member States (%), 1946-2022 Austria Hungary Italy Spain Sweden Australia Belgium Denmark Finland Germany Ireland Netherlands United Kingdom France Luxembourg Norway Portugal Chile Czechia Greece Japan Mexico Slovak Republic Slovenia Switzerland Canada Costa Rica Korea, Republic of Lithuania New Zealand Poland Latvia Colombia Estonia Iceland Turkiye Israel United States Nigeria Philippines Argentina Brazil Russian Federation South Africa Bangladesh Pakistan India China Egypt, Arab Republic of Ethiopia Indonesia Saudi Arabia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 I % UN Treaties ratified (selective list, 1946-2022) I % UN Treaties ratified (all international, 1946-2022) Ate Countries listed in descending order of the % UN treaties ratified (selective list) Source: Authors based or UN Treaty Collectior Sustainable Development Report 2023 -*« Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.3 Support for multilateralism under the Charter of the United Nations list of 58 treaties. This shorter list includes only those treaties ratified by more than 50 percent of UN Member States. Austria, Hungary, Italy, Nigeria, Spain, and Sweden have ratified more than 98 percent of all treaties in the selective list. By contrast, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Israel, Saudi Arabia, and the United States have ratified less than 75 percent (selective list) (Figure 3.6). Unilateral coercive measures (UCMs):This indicator reviews the adoption by UN Member States of unilateral sanctions against another UN Member State. Several UN resolutions stress that unilateral coercive measures and practices are "contrary to international law, international humanitarian law, the UN Charter and the norms and principles governing peaceful relations among States, and highlight that on long-term, these measures may result in social problems and raise humanitarian concerns in the States targeted."1 In 2014, the Human Rights Council created the mandate of the Special Rapporteur on the negative impact of unilateral coercive measures on the enjoyment of human rights. Since 1966, the Security Council has established 31 sanctions regimes: in Southern Rhodesia, South Africa, the former Yugoslavia (2), Haiti (2), Angola, Liberia (3), Eritrea/ Ethiopia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Cote d'lvoire, Iran, Somalia/ Eritrea, Iraq (2), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Sudan, Lebanon, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Libya (2), Guinea-Bissau, Central African Republic, Yemen, South Sudan and Mali, as well as sanctions on ISIL (Da'esh) and Al-Qaida, and the Taliban. The famous 1977 United Nations Security Council Resolution 418 unanimously imposed a sanctions regime against Apartheid South Africa. The data on UCMs presented in this report come from the Drexel Global Sanctions Database (V3, March 2023), which provides information on sanctions adopted against other countries, including the beginning and final year of sanction imposition. Here we present sanctions adopted unilaterally from 1950 to 2021 that are still in place as of 2022. For our purposes, a sanction is considered unilateral if it has not been approved by the UN Security Council, even if it is imposed by multiple countries. Percentages represent the share of all sanctions that a country or region has adopted 1. https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-unilateral-coercive-measures to 2021. For EU member states, for example, this includes EU sanctions as well as sanctions that the country has imposed individually. Sanctions imposed by the European Union after Brexit were allocated as separate sanctions for the UK. Membership and participation in selected United Nations organizations: This indicator captures membership in 24 United Nations organizations: all 15 specialized agencies, all 6 United Nations funds and programmes, the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). These organizations were selected to represent a broad range of issues related to sustainable development (education, health, finance, trade, telecommunication, and industrial policies), as well as including all of the specialized agencies. UN Specialized Agencies: the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO);the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO);the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD);the International Labour Organization (ILO); the International Monetary Fund (IMF); the International Maritime Organization (IMO);the International Telecommunication Union (ITU); the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNDO); the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO); the Universal Postal Union (UPU; the World Health Organization (WHO); the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); the World Meteorological Organization (WMO); and the World Bank Group - including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). United Nations funds and programmes: UN Development Programme (UNDP), UN Environment Programme (UNEP), UN Population Fund (UNFPA), UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP). Memberships were verified as of May 2023 via each organization's website. Several OECD countries are no longer members of UNIDO; the United States and Israel withdrew funding to UNESCO in 2011 and withdrew their membership in 2019. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Figure 3.7 Use of unilateral coercive measures (UCMs), number (1950-2021) United States Lithuania Estonia Latvia Belgium Denmark France Germany Spain Czechia Hungary Poland Slovak Republic Slovenia Austria Finland Greece Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal Sweden United Kingdom Norway Canada Iceland Switzerland Turkiye Australia Russian Federation Nigeria China Egypt Japan Saudi Arabia Republic of Korea New Zealand Argentina Ethiopia Indonesia Pakistan South Africa Bangladesh Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica India Israel Mexico Philippines 10 20 30 40 50 50 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 Note: Countries listed in descending order of the % UN treaties ratified (selective list). Source: Authors, based on Drexel Global Sanctions Database 66 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.3 Support for multilateralism under the Charter of the United Nations Figure 3.8 Membership in selected UN organizations, 2022 Austria Chile Colombia Costa Rica Germany Hungary Italy Japan Korea, Republic of Mexico Netherlands Poland Spain Switzerland Turkiye Czechia Finland France Greece Ireland Israel Luxembourg Norway Portugal Slovenia Sweden Belgium Canada Denmark Estonia Iceland Lithuania New Zealand Slovak Republic United Kingdom Australia Latvia United States Argentina Bangladesh Brazil China Egypt, Arab Republic of India Indonesia Nigeria Pakistan Philippines Saudi Arabia South Africa Ethiopia Russian Federation 19 Source: Authors analysis 20 21 22 23 24 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 67 Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Figure 3.9 Participation in conflicts and militarization, 2022 Iceland New Zealand Ireland Czechia Portugal Austria Canada Slovenia Hungary Denmark Slovak Republic Japan Belgium Germany Costa Rica Poland Switzerland Chile Sweden Finland Italy Latvia Australia Spain Estonia Netherlands Lithuania Norway United Kingdom Greece France Colombia Korea, Rep. Mexico United States Turkiye Israel Argentina Indonesia South Africa Bangladesh Brazil China Philippines Egypt, Arab Rep. Nigeria Saudi Arabia Ethiopia India Pakistan Russian Federation I Ongoing Conflict Score Militarization Score 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Wofe: Countries listed in ascending order of the average between both pillars. From 0 (best/more peaceful) to 5 (worst/less peaceful). Source: Authors, based on Global Peace Index 2022 (compiled by the Institute for Economics and Peace). Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.3 Support for multilateralism under the Charter of the United Nations Figure 3.10 Official Development Assistance (ODA) as share of GNI, 2018-2022 Luxembourg Sweden Norway Denmark Germany United Kingdom Netherlands France Switzerland Finland Belgium Ireland Japan Canada Austria Iceland New Zealand Italy Hungary Spain Poland Australia Slovenia Portugal United States Czechia Lithuania Greece Korea, Republic of Slovak Republic 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 2018-2022 2022 (preliminary) 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 Note: OECD, 2022 (2022 ODA data based on preliminary release, all other years from final data). Countries listed in descending order of the average ratio ODA/GN over the period 2018-2022. Source: Authors, based on OECD Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 69 Part 3. Government Efforts and Commitments Militarization and participation in conflicts:This indicator aims to capture countries'efforts to promote and preserve peace. It identifies countries'level of military build-up and access to weapons, as well as their participation in ongoing domestic and military conflicts. It builds on data provided in the Global Peace Index2022 (compiled by the Institute for Economics and Peace). The Ongoing Conflict Score builds on six indicators to investigate the extent to which countries are involved in internal and external conflicts, as well as their role and the duration of their Involvement.The Militarization Score reflects coun-tries'level of military build-up and access to weapons, as well as their level of peacefulness, both domestically and internationally. Comparable data on military expenditure as a percentage of GDP and the number of armed service officers per capita are gauged, as are financial contributions to United Nations peacekeeping missions. Overall, among G20, OECD and large countries, Czechia, Iceland, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, and Portugal obtain the highest (best) scores, whereas Israel and the Russian Federation obtain the lowest (worst) scores. International Solidarity and Financing: We present data compiled by the OECD on Official Development Assistance (ODA) as a headline indicator of international solidarity. In 2022, only five DAC members - Denmark, Germany, Luxembourg, Norway, and Sweden - had met or exceeded the 0.7 percent ODA target. When computing overall scores, we use the average ratio of ODA/GNI over the past five years (Figure 3.10). In 2022, ODA rose by 13.6 percent in real terms, driven primarily by the sharp increase of in-donor refugee costs (OECD, 2023b). Figure 3.11 Conceptual Frameworkfor Evaluating Government Efforts and Commitments to Implement the SDGs and Indicators Retained to Compute the Overall Score for 2023 Political Leadership & Institutional Coordination The SDGs are referenced & used in political speeches and institutional processes SDG Integration into Sectoral Policies & Pathways Ambitious policy, regulatory and investment frameworks to achieve the Six SDG Transformations Commitment to Multilateralism under the UN Charter Countries promote global cooperation for sustainable development Voluntary National Reviews Official speeches by country leaders making reference to the SDGs SDG coordination unit in government National SDG strategy (or sustainable development strategy) National SDG monitoring system SDGs referenced in annual national budget Universal quality education and innovation-based economy Universal health coverage Zero-carbon energy systems Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience Sustainable cities Transformation to universal digital access and services Ratification of UN Treaties Membership in major UN organizations Promotion of demilitarization and global peace Use of unilateral coercive measures Official Development Assistance (forOECD/HICs) Note: For Pillar 2, the indicators listed correspond to the overall score for each Transformation Scorecard. This year, we could not compute scores for Transformation 4 (Sustainable ecosystems, sustainable agriculture, and climate resilience) and Transformation 5 (Sustainable cities). Under pillar 3, the use of unilateral coercive measures correspond to measures adopted over the period 1950 to 2021 that are still in place in 2022. They exclude measures adopted since January, 1 2022 and measures supported by UN resolutions. Political leadership and institutional coordination is weighted 50% of the total score, SDG integration into sectoral policies and pathways is weighted 40%, and the pilot score for multilateralism counts for 10% (as this latter pillar remains a pilotthis year). A Monte Carlo simulation is accessible online showing how scores would vary with different weighting systems. Other sensitivitytests are also provided, including various aggregation methods (geometric mean vs arithmetic mean). Further information is accessible on sdgindex.org. Source: Authors analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 3.4 Government effort and commitments for the SDGs: overall scores 3.4 Government effort and commitments for the SDGs: overall scores Building on the Six Transformations scorecards, the SDSN survey of government efforts for the SDGs, and a subset of variables related to government support for multilateralism under the United Nations Charter, we present here overall scores rating government efforts and commitment to the SDGs. These scores range from 0 (very low SDG commitment) to 100 (very high SDG commitment) and cover all 74 countries in the 2023 SDG Policy Coordination Survey presented in section 3.1, including all G20 members and most OECD countries. Scores draw on 29 indicators of policy efforts and commitment. Since the 2022 pilot, we have added four new indicators on digitalization and five on engagement with multilateralism. We have also made some methodological changes: these are explained in greater detail in a technical annex available online, which also discusses the full list of indicators, the weighting scheme applied, and various sensitivity tests used in developing these scores. We welcome critical comments and feedback that may help to strengthen future iterations of this work. At the midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, we draw five major conclusions from this comprehensive assessment of policy efforts and commitment to the SDGs (Table 3.6). First, government efforts and commitment to the SDGs remains far too low. The average score of the 74 countries assessed is 56 percent, with none even close to obtaining a perfect score. Second, there are major differences across countries. Four European countries stand out as being very committed to the SDGs (Finland, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Switzerland), but scores among the G20 countries range from 77 percent in Indonesia to less than 40 percent in the Russian Federation and the United States. Third, of the three pillars, scores are on average lowest for the second one, related to adopting and implementing SDG policies and pathways.This is driven in part by the moderate or low performance of LICs and LMICs on this pillar, as these countries may lack the financial resources needed to successfully adopt and implement SDG investments and pathways. The HICs' somewhat better performance on pillar 2 is largely due to their strong performance on the education, health and digital scorecards. More ambitious policies and actions on climate and decarbonization are needed. (This year's edition does not track efforts on sustainable food and land-use transformation, which is an important research agenda at the SDSN.) Fourth, LICs and LMICs score more highly on political leadership and institutional leadership for the SDGs than HICs. Fifth, all countries can do more to promote multilateralism, in line with the United Nations Charter. Argentina, Barbados, Chile, Germany, Jamaica and Seychelles score highest for their efforts to promote multilateralism, yet no country obtains a perfect score. Some countries perform significantly better on SDG government efforts and commitment than would be expected from their 2015 baseline level of SDG achievement and GDP. We assume that rich countries with high educational levels and good health and infrastructure systems would have greater access to capital to invest in SDG transformations. Yet government efforts for the SDGs in 2023 correlate only moderately to their 2015 SDG Index scores and per-capita GDP in 2015. Benin, Ghana, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Senegal arejust some of the countries that are performing much better on the SDG government effort measure than would be predicted from their baseline SDG Index levels and 2015 per-capita GDP. In contrast, a few countries with very high per-capita GDPs (US$50,000 and above) and SDG Index scores (75 percent and above), such as Australia and the United States, demonstrate only a limited commitment to the SDGs, with apparently limited efforts made. See additional material available online. Note that this score focuses on federal or national government efforts for the SDGs and may not be representative of initiatives and policies adopted at subnational levels - in regions, provinces, metropolitan areas, and cities. It has been SDSN's privilege to also work with municipal and metropolitan area associations in the United States and Brazil (ICS and SDSN, 2021; Lynch et al., 2019). At this midpoint of the 2030 Agenda, all countries, richer and poorer alike, should use the half-way momentum to critically review and revise their national strategies, taking the 2030 Agenda principles as a yardstick (transformative, integrated, inclusive, leaving no one behind). International financing flows should be aligned with countries'SDG needs as well as their commitments. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Table 3.6 Measuring government SDG efforts and commitments: scores, ranks and performance by pillar SDG Effort Country SDG Effort SDG Effort Country SDG Effort %y % % X J< ^3 i Sweden 81.9 # # • • 38 Saudi Arabia 62.7 2 Switzerland 81.4 # # • 39 Jamaica 62.5 • • • 3 Netherlands 80.5 # # 40 Pakistan 62.2 • • • 4 Finland 80.4 # # 41 Morocco 61.4 • • • 5 Benin 78.7 # 42 Georgia 60.9 • • • 6 Norway 77.7 # • 43 Uganda 60.6 • • • 7 Indonesia 77.3 # 44 Samoa 60.6 • • • 8 Austria 77.1 • 45 Poland 60.6 • • • 9 Denmark 76.6 # 46 Turkiye 59.4 • • • 10 Italy 76.2 # 47 Kazakhstan 58.0 • • • 11 Chile 75.8 # # 48 Bangladesh 56.9 • • • 12 Portugal 74.9 49 China 56.8 • • • 13 Spain 74.8 50 Serbia 56.0 • • • 14 Japan 73.7 # 51 New Zealand 55.8 • • • 15 Germany 73.5 # 52 Rwanda 55.3 • • • 16 Belgium 73.3 53 Korea, Rep. 55.1 • • • 17 Canada 73.3 54 United Kingdom 54.8 • • • 18 Greece 72.1 55 Bulgaria 54.6 • • • 19 Argentina 71.9 # 56 Seychelles 53.9 • • • 20 Mexico 71.1 # 57 Ethiopia 53.7 • • • 21 Colombia 71.1 # 58 South Africa 52.5 • • • 22 Ireland 69.4 # 59 Hungary 52.2 • • • 23 Slovenia 69.3 60 Peru 51.7 • • • 24 Ghana 69.1 # • • Vietnam 51.5 • • • 25 Cyprus 68.7 62 Congo, Dem. Rep. 50.7 • • • 26 Thailand 66.8 63 Albania 49.2 # • • • 27 Czechia 66.0 64 Ukraine 48.7 # • • • 28 Egypt, Arab Rep. 65.8 # # 65 Brazil 48.7 # • • • 29 Romania 65.6 66 India 47.5 # • • • 30 Senegal 65.3 # 67 Algeria 47.4 # • • • 31 Nigeria 64.6 # 68 Bosnia&Herzegovina 45.9 © • • • 32 France 64.1 69 Australia 45.7 # • • • 33 Barbados 63.8 # 70 Bolivia 45.5 # • • • 34 Kenya 63.7 71 Cameroon 42.1 # • • • 35 Philippines 63.1 # # 72 Russian Federation 39.3 # • • • 36 Ecuador 63.0 # 73 Israel 36.1 # • • • 37 Malaysia 62.8 74 United States 28.6 # • • • Source: Authors analysis • Very High Effort 9 High Effort # Moderate Effort 0 Low Effort 0 Very Low Effort *The data for Ukraine correspond to the situation prior to February 2022, 72 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus as many data points have not been updated since then. References Biermann, F., Hickmann,T., Senit, C. A., et al. (2022). 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The Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 25 September 2015, Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, recognized from the start the importance of closely monitoring progress on the Goals. The section dedicated to SDG monitoring notes that "our governments have the primary responsibility for follow-up and review, at the national, regional and global levels, in relation to the progress made in implementing the Goals and targets over the coming 15 years" (United Nations, 2015). The resolution also calls for broader measures of progress to complement GDP. Thanks to the work of the United Nations Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators (IAEG-SDG), countries have adopted a common monitoring framework comprising 231 indicators, for which 219 have data as of October 2022.1 Gaps remain that limit our capacity to track SDG progress, and the IAEG-SDG continues to actively expand coverage where national data is missing, developing new methods, identifying new sources to disaggregate the indicators by key population groups (such as by gender), and creating indicators to measure progress in local areas. The Cape Town Global Action Plan for Sustainable Development Data, released in South Africa at the first United Nations World Data Forum in January 2017 and adopted by the UN Statistical Commission, provides a strategic vision to strengthen data systems for Agenda 2030 (HLG-PCCB 2017).2 Since its inception in 2012, the SDSN has incorporated a strong focus on data and scienced-based pathways for sustainable development. In 2015, the SDSN Leadership 1. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/meetings/iaeg-sdgs-meeting-l3/8_ Data-availability-review.pdf 2. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/hlg/Cape_Town_Global_Action_Plan_for. Sustainable_Development_Data.pdf Council released its report Indicators and a Monitoring Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals: Launching a Data Revolution, directed to the UN Secretary-General (SDSN 2015). Through its flagship initiatives, including the SDG Index and theThematic Research Network on Data and Statistics (TReNDS), the SDSN works closely with many partners to support global, national, and local efforts to leverage the SDGs as a monitoring and accountability tool.The SDG Index is, by design, a measure that goes beyond GDP. Building on more than ten years of work, this chapter discusses lessons learned from SDSN's flagship initiatives on data and statistics, identifying key priorities for improving the availability, quality, and use of data for sustainable development. 4.1 The SDG Index: a tool for guiding SDG action and strengthening accountability Measuring sustainable development: why the SDG Index? Prior to the SDGs, there was already a vast body of literature on how to define and measure sustainable development (Brundtland 1987; Dasgupta and Maler 2000; Stiglitz, Sen, and Fitoussi 2009; Arrow et al. 2013). The adoption of the SDGs and the Paris Climate Agreement in 2015 established a shared vocabulary for sustainable development, oriented towards Agenda 2030, with the Paris Agreement aiming for climate-neutrality by 2050. In comparison to previous international development agendas and goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the SDGs incorporated from the start a strong focus on targets, indicators, and monitoring - notably via the annual Voluntary National Review (VNR) process.The IAEG-SDG, which has operated under the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps since 2015, was tasked to develop and implement the global indicator framework for the SDGs.The global indicator framework was adopted by the General Assembly on 6 July 2017 and is refined and reviewed annually. The framework currently includes 231 unique indicators (248 when including indicators that repeat under two or three different targets). Indicators provide data in specific areas, but they do not give us an aggregate measure of a country's SDG performance (Schmidt-Traub et al. 2017).The SDGs include 169 targets and 240 indicators, which is complex to digest from an operational point of view. Composite indices, however, despite their well-known shortcomings, allow us to synthesize complex information and may be more effective in stimulating public debate than a large number of individual scores that could result in cherry picking (OECD and JRC 2008). Widely used composite indices include the Human Development Index, the Environmental Performance Index (Wolf and Emerson et al. 2022), and the Better Life Index (OECD 2022a). The SDSN and partners have argued since 2017 that a combination of composite SDG metrics and dashboards is needed at the global, regional, and subnational levels to inform policies towards achieving complex integrated goals (Schmidt-Traub et al. 2017; Lafortune and Schmidt-Traub 2019). These metrics and dashboards can be combined with other instruments (from forward-looking models to policy trackers towards deep decarbonization and sustainable food and land systems) to increase accountability and guide action on key SDG transformations. The SDG Index: method and participative process When it comes to integrated assessment models and tools like the SDG Index, the process often matters as much as the results. The soundness, relevance, and practical utility of such models and tools depend not only on scientific robustness, but also on their ability to generate participative exchanges, and to connect with policymakers and other stakeholders. In the context of SDG monitoring in the European Union, we proposed a framework and set of criteria in 2019, in collaboration with the Economic and Social Committee (EESC), to assess "the robustness and fitness of SDG monitoring tools"- so that they could serve as conversation-openers and contribute, along with other tools, to co-creating solutions with policymakers and stakeholders (Lafortune and Schmidt-Traub 2019). The SDG Index measures countries'performance on the 17 SDGs. It both tracks distance to pre-defined performance thresholds (at one point in time) and evaluates whether countries are on-track or off-track (based on past growth rates extrapolated to 2030). Building on recommendations made in Launching a Data Revolution"'back in 2015, the SDG Index includes around 100 indicators (this year's edition includes precisely 97 global indicators), clustered by SDGs and normalized on a 0-100 scale using a classic min-max function. Scores are calculated using the arithmetic mean of normalized indicators and presented for each indicator, for individual goals, and for the SDGs as a whole. Performance bounds to denote SDG achievement for individual indicators are based on a clear decision tree, similar to the one used by the OECD in its assessment of distance to SDG targets (Lafortune et al. 2020; OECD 2019a).The Dashboards address the well-known problem of "compensation" in the construction of composite indices, in which good performance on some indicators compensates for poor performance on others, by focusing on the two lowest-scoring indicators under each goal (Lafortune et al. 2018). The SDG Index methodology is fully transparent - and available online. It has been peer-reviewed by Nature Geoscience (Schmidt-Traub et al. 2017) and by Cambridge University Press. The global edition was statistically audited by the European Commission in 2019, who recognized that/All things considered, the SDG Index is a noteworthy effort of synthetizing the 17 adopted SDGs into a single figure. Overall, the ranks of the SDG Index are fairly robust. The index is anchored on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all UN Member States and rigorously follows the same structure of 17 goals" (Papadimitriou, Neves, and Becker 2019). It also builds on an inclusive and participative process. The SDG Index relies on inputs from the SDSN network of experts - the largest global network of scientists and experts mobilized for the SDGs - and other partner organizations. Each year, an open online consultation is conducted using draft SDG Index results before 78 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 4.1 The SDG Index: a tool for guiding SDG action and strengthening accountability Box 4.1 GISfor the SDGs: Assessing pedestrian accessibility in urban areas In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the associated New Urban Agenda, countries agreed to take action to provide cities with more accessible, well-connected infrastructure that would bring people into public spaces, and to enhance walkability through pedestrian accessibility. Pedestrian accessibility is the extent to which the built environment facilitates walking access to destinations of interest, or the ability of urban residents to access services and opportunities. This metric is particularly useful for assessing spatial justice in cities, usually represented by disadvantaged communities being compelled to live in deteriorated urban areas that receive only a small share of public investments, resulting in low levels of accessibility. Two sources of geographically explicit data were used to calculate this indicator. OpenStreetMap was used to collect data on pedestrian infrastructure and geographically allocated places of interest (POI): hospitals, schools, supermarkets, restaurants, schools, etc. Data on population density for each city was retrieved from the European Commission's 2020 Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL), covering functional urban areas across the entire world.The GHSL provides data in the form of a 100 meter by 100 meter grid, in which each cell has an associated population-density value. Figure 4.1 Map of Lagos, Nigeria, showing the scale at which calculations are performed (100 m2grid). To assess accessibility to services for each urban area, we used network analysis to measure the distance separating each population cell grid from the closest amenities, divided by category, and considering the street network. This enabled us to quantify and map accessibility to urban infrastructure at the street intersection level. For each 100 m2 cell in the population grid data, "walking time" reflects the time that a person residing inside that cell area would take to walk to the closest amenity from a given category of services, using existing pedestrian infrastructure. The complete methodology, along with results and data visualizations, can be found on the SDG Transformation Centre website. Data processing used code written in Python: the code is publicly available on SDSN's Github page. The methodology for this indicator was adapted and expanded from Nicoletti et al. (2022), "Disadvantaged communities have lower access to urban infrastructure." Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps Box 4.2 GISfortheSDGs: Assessing accessibility to all-season roads in rural areas SDG Indicator 9.1.1 considers the proportion of the rural population living within two kilometers of an all-season road: a road that is motorable throughout the year, although it may be temporarily unavailable during inclement weather. To compute this indicator we used and expanded on the most recent official methodology put forward by the World Bank and the 2019 Rural Access Index (RAI) Supplemental Guidelines (Workman and McPherson, 2019). The Sustainable Development Report 2023 represents, to date, the only publicly available application of this method at a global scale. Calculating final country scores relies entirely on geospatial datasets and methods. The key steps of this calculation are: mapping all motorable roads, drawing a two-kilometer buffer around them, and determining the percentage of the rural population that resides within the buffer. Figure 4.2 Diagram of a motorable road with the two-kilometer buffer applied, identifying rural populations living within and outside the buffer area Figure 4.3 Example of the method as applied in rural Democratic Republic of the Congo RURAL POPULATIONS OUTSIDE ROAD BUFFER The particular challenge of this method lies in assessing whether or not a road provides all-season access. It is clear that simply discounting unpaved roads altogether is not realistic, as those often do provide all-year access to rural populations. Since no single, complete and timely road dataset is available to measure road access, several criteria were used to approximate a road's passability: road surface (paved or unpaved), accumulated precipitation, road slope, and data on the country's ability to keep roads motorable through infrastructure maintenance budgets (since the latter isn't available for all countries, GDP per capita was used as a proxy). Rural areas within the unpaved roads'buffer zones are assessed on passability criteria, and their populations are scaled accordingly. For example, precipitation and slope criteria each represent a multiplying factor that ranges from 50% to 95%: if a bufferarea is very steep, cliffed, and in a very wet climate, only 25% (50% x 50%) of the rural population accessing that road is considered to have access to it. GDP per capita is used as a correcting factor, as countries with the ability to invest in road infrastructure should be able to keep roads passable despite harsh terrain and adverse climate conditions. The complete methodology, along with results and data visualizations, can be found on the SDG Transformation Centre website. Data processing used code written in Python and Javascript: the code is publicly available on SDSN's Github page. The methodology for this indicator was adapted and expanded from Workman and McPherson (2019), Measuring Rural Access Using New Technologies: Supplemental Guidelines. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 4.1 The SDG Index: a tool for guiding SDG action and strengthening accountability Box 4.3 The long-standing partnership between the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) and the SDSN to advance policies and data for the SDGs in the EU Mr. Peter Schmidt European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) Agriculture, Rural Development and the Environment (NAT) Section, President The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) has been working together with SDSN for several years now, even before the launch of the first edition of the Europe Sustainable Development Report (ESDR) in 2019. The first ESDR report was based on earlier EESC work developed in cooperation with SDSN, on "Indicators better suited to evaluate the SDGs - the civil society contribution".The ESDR was intended to identify SDG policy gaps within the European Union. It was developed in response to the EESC's call for a monitoring report, to be produced in close collaboration with civil society organizations, that would complement Eurostaťs annual SDG report. Since 2019, the EESC has provided the SDSN with civil society perspectives and facilitated contacts and dialogues with stakeholders and EU policymakers, thus contributing to both the preparation and the dissemination of the ESDR. Several joint meetings and events have been organised in this context. The ESDR has served as a conversation-opener with business, trade unions, and NGOs to advance sustainable development policies and make recommendations to EU leadership, thereby promoting evidence-based discussions at the EU level. The ESDR has also provided a solid foundation of data and information for EU policy-making - it has been cited in landmark documents, such as the first EECS EU-level Voluntary Review of the implementation of the 2030 Agenda, and has inspired strong and meaningful policy proposals in the Committee's issued opinions. We look forward to continuing our cooperation with SDSN in the future. the final report is presented. Indicator selection and performance thresholds are informed by several rounds of consultations with SDSN experts, scientists, and the general public. Around a third of the indicators come from outside official statistics (for example, from scientific papers or NGOs).This helps fill data gaps in official statistics, for instance, in the areas of international spillovers, sustainability of diets, or biodiversity. We are increasingly using space-based technologies to strengthen data availability and timeliness (boxes 4.1 and 4.2). While it takes several years to standardize international statistics, especially when methods need to be designed from scratch, our value-added is to fill existing gaps with third-party data where possible. The SDG Index serves as a conversation opener within the research and policy community. As emphasized in the World Development Report 2021,"data alone cannot solve development problems: people ... are the central actors transforming data into useful information that can improve livelihoods and lives" (World Bank 2021). We partner with regional and local organizations to prepare indices and discuss results. As an illustration, the SDG Index for Europe is prepared with and discussed among the members of the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) - a consultative body of the European Commission that gives representatives of Europe's socio-occupational interest groups (such as business associations, trade unions, and NGOs) and others a formal platform to express their points of view on EU issues (Lafortune et al. 2022). See Box 4.3 for additional information. Other data initiatives at SDSN, including the FABLE models for sustainable land-use systems, also rely on inclusive participatory processes, such as "scenathons"conducted by and with local country teams (FABLE 2021; Mosnier et al. 2022). Frequent comments received on the SDG Index throughout the years The SDG Index, including its regional and local editions, has been generally well received by the research and policy communities, and it has become the backbone of numerous collaborations with international institutions Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps and local organizations throughout the world. Comments submitted by governments, researchers, and practitioners either publicly or privately on the global SDG Index results and methodology tend to revolve around four main perceived issues: (1) The high SDG Index scores and ranks obtained by high-income countries, including European nations; (2) Data lags, gaps, and the treatment of national estimates; (3) Questions concerning the reliability of non-official statistics and their legitimacy in the context of the SDGs; and (4) The absence of a material footprint indicator. On point (1), our results show that rich countries generally perform poorly and are not on track to achieving environmental goals (SDGs 12-15), and that poor countries need help to combat poverty. Rich European countries top the overall SDG Index.This reflects the nature of the SDGs, as European countries, particularly the Nordic economies, perform strongly on socioeconomic goals, relatively strongly on some local environmental priorities (for example, wastewater treatment, air pollution, or deforestation), and strongly on public institutions and the rule of law. Yet the SDG Dashboards rate rich countries, including Nordic countries, ať'reď'on several SDGs -particularly those related to responsible consumption and production, climate action, and biodiversity - meaning major challenges remain (Lafortune, Sachs, and Schmidt-Traub 2020). Many rich countries also face a significant challenge in achieving SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), which includes unsustainable agriculture, unsustainable diets, and obesity. The stringent grading method used for the SDG Dashboards highlights negative environmental spillovers that affect climate, biodiversity, or water scarcity in other countries. Compared with other SDG monitoring reports, however, the SDG Index generates far more negative scores for rich countries on SDGs 12-15 (Lafortune et al, 2020).The most recent European edition also highlights challenges related to the"leave-no-one-behind" principle in Europe, as trends on several indicators related to inclusion are not moving in the right direction. Some commenters have recently pointed out that a country like Bhutan, which shows remarkable commitment to sustainable development and well-being (characterized notably by its use of the Gross National Happiness Index), performs less well on the SDG Index than, for example, Finland or other Nordic countries. The rate of extreme poverty at US$2.15/day is about 6 times higher in Bhutan than in Finland, while poverty at US$3.65/day is 15 times higher; Bhutan's maternal mortality rate (SDG target 3.1), at 60 in 100,000 live births, is more than 7 times that of Finland (8 in 100,000 live births), while its neonatal mortality rate is about 12 times that of Finland; and the incidence of tuberculosis in Bhutan is 47 times higher than in Finland. In Finland, 46 percent of parliamentarians are women, which is almost three times the rate in Bhutan, where only 17 percent of parliamentarians women. Overall, Bhutan performs lower than Finland on 14 of the 17 SDGs. The SDG Index acknowledges Bhutan's recent progress on many socioeconomic indicators, and calls for global partnerships to promote sustainable development progress and financing globally. On point (2), national governments often argue that the SDG Index results are biased, due to missing data and lags in data reporting. It is true that the results often represent the performance of the previous governments. There are significant time lags in international statistics, that can exceed two or even three years, as well as persisting data gaps in certain countries and country groups. This is partly due to the chronic underfinancing of statistics in LICs and LMICs. From a methodological standpoint, we do have techniques in our methodology to address missing-data bias and time lags. Countries are included in the SDG Index ranking only if they have data for at least 80 percent of the indicators (and one criterion for indicator inclusion is that data must be available for 80 percent of countries that have at least 1 million inhabitants). Some national authorities have in the past asked to incorporate their own national estimates in the SDG Index, to address time lags and gaps. However, national estimates cannot be included in the SDG Index unless they have been submitted, approved, and published by United Nations custodian agencies or other data providers. This is essential to ensure data quality and comparability. We do include some timelier, model-based estimates (for example, for poverty or health outcomes) and geospatial data. We also review our indicator selection annually and exclude particularly outdated data points and indicators that are not frequently updated. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 4.1 The SDG Index: a tool for guiding SDG action and strengthening accountability Box 4.4 SDG Index and Dashboards: global, regional, and subnational editions (2016-2023) The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has rightly stated that "cities are where the climate battle will largely be won or lost."Meeting the SDGs and the Paris Agreement goals requires ambitious policies, financing, and monitoring frameworks at the subnational and urban levels. Working closely with its global network of scientists and practitioners, regional and local SDG Centers, and other partners, the SDSN has established participatory processes to discuss SDG progress and priorities at regional and subnational levels. In comparison to global editions, these allow for more specificity in terms of defining regional pathways (for example, for Africa, Europe, or Latin America) and identifying local priorities and challenges to achieving the SDGs. Compared to the global edition, the use of regional and national databases for these reports tends to reduce constraints related to data availability and timeliness. In total, 30+ global, regional, and subnational editions of the SDG Index have been published, supporting stronger monitoring and policy frameworks for the SDGs. Global editions Regional editions Subnational editions Source: Authors'analysis. Download the reports and databases at: www.sdgindex.org. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 83 Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps Box 4.5 Cooperation between SDSN and the Government of the Republic of Benin in the context of the issuance of the first African SDG Bond H.E. Minister Romuald Wadagni Ministre d'Etat, Ministre de l'Economie et des Finances In July 2021, to further the efforts it has made since 2016 to implement the SDGs, the Government of the Republic of Benin issued the first African SDG Bond, dedicated to financing projects that would have a significant positive impact on achieving the SDGs.Through this innovative financing instrument, Benin mobilized 500 million euros, with an average maturity of 12.5 years. Within this framework, the Ministry of Economics and Finance of the Government of the Republic of Benin has called upon SDSN to assist in monitoring and evaluating Benin's SDG progress and the efforts it has made towards the SDGs. The Benin Sustainable Development Report, which was launched at the 2022 HLPF, includes detailed analyses of Benin's performance, progress, and gaps on the SDGs in comparison to neighboring ECOWAS countries, as well as looking at differences in SDG performance among Benin's twelve departments under the "leave-no-one-behind" paradigm. The SDG Index and SDSN's survey of government efforts are two of the tools used in this analysis. The 2023 edition of the Benin SDR will be released at the 2023 HLPF. Furthering this technical partnership, the SDSN Benin network has been created, hence mobilizing the locally based expertise to assist the government's efforts towards sustainable development.The network is co-hosted by the University of Abomey-Calavi and the Research and Strategic Studies Directorate of the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Strategically, the SDSN is very much committed to supporting global efforts to promote high-quality and timely data for the SDGs. Regional SDG Index editions (for Africa, Europe, and Latin America) and subnational editions (for provinces, states, regions, and municipalities) allow the indicator selection and policy discussion to be contextual-ized, and this data tends to be timelier (Box 4.4). In response to feedback, since 2018 we have supplemented the SDG Index with other qualitative instruments to gauge government efforts and commitment to the SDGs, in cooperation with SDSN's global network (Sachs et al. 2022; Lafortune, Woelm, and Valentiny 2022). Finally,TReNDS and its Data For Now initiative, along with other flagship initiatives at SDSN, such as SDGs Today, aim to foster partnerships across a variety of data providers and users to unlock the potential of new technologies. On point (3), in an effort to accurately measure often overlooked issues, such as environmental challenges and international spillovers, the SDG Index includes high-quality official and unofficial metrics that fill gaps in the official SDG metrics. For example, the SDG Index has included carbon dioxide emissions since its inception in 2016, even though a measure of greenhouse gas emissions under SDG 13 (Climate Action) was only added to the official list in 2020 (Lafortune, Sachs, and Schmidt-Traub 2020).The SDG Index and Dashboards also include unofficial measures of unsustainable fishing practices and spillovers embodied in trade and aim to incorporate more geospatial data to improve timeliness and country coverage. In most cases, these indicators went through some form of peer-reviewed process and have been published in the literature which provides some guarantees about their quality and comparability. Others are widely recognized and used measures compiled by Transparency International, the World Justice Project, and Reporter Sans Frontieres (among others). Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 4.1 The SDG Index: a tool for guiding SDG action and strengthening accountability On point (4), some advocate for greater use of material footprint indicators and indicators of natural resource use (Hickel 2020). While we agree that material resource use and consumption and their impacts on the environment are important policy issues, we stand by the decision not to include indicators of material footprint or"domestic material consumption" in the SDG Index. In their current form, these indicators present well-known weaknesses. In particular, they combine by weight vastly different materials that each have different environmental impacts. Moreover, they do not correlate material flows by weight with environmental impacts, which vary tremendously across countries. For example, one kilogram of biomass used in a humid tropical country has a different footprint from the same biomass consumption in a semi-arid country. As a result, it is very difficult to compare material consumption across countries or to define targets. We recommend instead using the spillover indicators included in the SDG Index and Dashboards to capture unsustainable consumption (Lafortune, Sachs, and Schmidt-Traub 2020). Observed reuse and impact of the SDG Index The SDG Index is a flagship instrument to promote awareness of the SDGs. The SDG Index ranking receives widespread attention from politicians and the media, which further helps to raise awareness about the SDGs and creates a "race to the top." Increasing awareness at all levels is critical to the success of the SDGs, and the global ranking draws attention to countries'challenges. As noted in the 2005 World Bank staff report, the main advantage of rankings is that"as in sports, once you start keeping score everyone wants to win." However, this also creates incentives to "game the system - or corrupt it," (Washington Post Editorial Board 2021), which is why the SDG Index is prepared by an independent group of experts and researchers, and its methodology and datasets are fully transparent. The SDG Index is also an accountability tool that helps monitor progress and identify areas that need improvement. It is used extensively by national governments, civil society, and academia. We estimate that around 40 percent of the VNRs presented at the United Nations by national governments in 2021 mentioned the SDG Index. It was also listed by the European Parliament among ten composite indicators useful for policy making (EPRS 2021) and was referenced in the Parliament's first SDG resolution in July 2022 (European Parliament 2022). Although it was not developed to be a standalone tool to inform investment decisions, the SDG Index is also increasingly used by public and private financial institutions (BPCE 2018). Alongside other data sources, it is notably being used to monitor the implementation of the first African SDG bond, issued by the government of Benin in July 2021 (SDSN 2022). See Box 4.5. The Index also helps shed light on certain key topics, including international spillovers, and can serve as a basis to identify drivers of success and failure on SDG outcomes. For instance, our strong emphasis on quantifying domestic performance, as well as negative spillovers generated abroad via trade, has likely contributed (alongside many other initiatives) to raising awareness in the EU about such spillover effects. Our work has been referenced in policy briefs and in the literature (Arunima Malik et al. 2021; A Malik et al. 2021), a in parliament resolutions and government processes. In Europe, we partnered with Eurostat to improve the availability of data to track such spillovers, building on Multi-Regional Input-Output models, which is now a core chapter of Eurostat's SDG report (Eurostat 2022). In addition, Box 4.6 describes how the SDG Index has been used to explore linkages between structural vulnerabilities and SDG outcomes in SIDS (in cooperation with UN Resident Coordinators in SIDS, as well as other partners), and to promote ambitious policies and financing frameworks for SDG progress (See Box 4.6). Finally, the SDG Index contributes to global efforts to improve data availability. Over the years, countries noted that certain key data points, notably on SDG10 (Reduced Inequalities), were missing in our report. This has led some of those countries to work with the World Bank and other UN custodian agencies to compile these data. In our experience, missing data in the SDG Index is often perceived by countries as a sign of weak data capacity. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps Box 4.6 Partnership between SDSN and UN Resident Coordinators in SIDS Simona Marinescu, Ph.D. Senior Advisor Small Island Developing States United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) At the request of the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), the United Nations Resident Coordinators serving in Small Island Developing States (SIDS) launched an unprecedented cross-country and region joint project to develop the first Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI) and to capture inherent vulnerabilities hindering SDG progress in SIDS.The MVI is intended to define special development contexts such as SIDS and to complement measures of per-capita gross national income (GNI) to enable vulnerable countries to access development financing beyond income graduation. The MVI project was coordinated by the UN Resident Coordinator in Samoa. To ensure consistency in measuring countries' development progress and to strengthen the robustness of the MVI, the UN Resident Coordinators in SIDS entered into a partnership with the SDSN team in Paris that expanded to include other analytical products for SIDS. The MVI was structured to capture sources of vulnerabilities that are non-self-inflicted and that generate human and economic losses and hinder development progress.The SDSN experts analyzed correlations between the value of a country's MVI and its SDG progress across the 17 SDGs as well as goal-specific results. The findings confirmed that the MVI designed in collaboration with SDSN captures with high precision the vulnerabilities that impede sustainable development progress as measured through the SDG Index, with the highest correlations in the areas of poverty, health and education outcomes, food insecurity, climate-change response, and biodiversity loss. The partnership with SDSN continued with the creation of the first SDG financing gap measure to link the MVI to the actual financing needs of SIDS, and to the finance that must be made available to these countries if they are to be able to achieve sustainable development by 2030. The triangle of the MVI, the SDG Index, and the SDG financing gap measure allows the United Nations Resident Coordinators in SIDS to identify policies and practices that have led to better SDG progress in countries with similar levels of multidimensional vulnerability. Furthermore, measuring SDG financing gaps of countries with similar MVI levels informs the analysis of a country's development finance model and the quality of the external financing it receives in terms of the areas targeted, the programme tools utilized, and the content of work. The collaboration with SDSN is ongoing, with the first SIDS SDG Progress Report to be presented at the SDG Summit in September this year. Several iterations of a methodology being developed to measure losses and damages caused by climate change will also inform the upcoming Convention of Parties (COP28) in Dubai in December. 4.2 Have the SDGs increased data cooperation and innovation? The SDGs' positive impact on fostering knowledge exchange and raising awareness Although the SDGs have not yet completely transformed how policy is designed and implemented, as discussed in Part 3 and as is well-documented in the literature (Biermann et al. 2022; Kotze et al. 2022; IGS 2023), they have helped to mobilize VNRs and peer learning, as well as spurring innovations in how progress is monitored, through the efforts of the IAEG-SDG. These indicators are now an important part of the evidence underpinning the more than 330 Voluntary National Reviews conducted to date to track countries'performance towards the SDGs. The contribution of the SDGs towards a universally accepted framework for monitoring progress is critical. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 4.2 Have the SDGs increased data cooperation and innovation? Prior to the SDGs, countries lacked a standardized method of comparing their development performance with that of their peers across a broad array of development objectives (for example, health, education, climate, ending poverty, reducing inequalities, etc.). Nor did countries have a common language to discuss and share experiences when tackling these development issues. Furthermore, the SDGs have positively impacted discourse and knowledge exchange beyond government officials. Many civil-society and private-sector actors have become SDG-conversant, facilitating greater discourse within countries across government and non-government actors. It is difficult to assess whether the adoption of the SDGs has in itself had a positive impact on the quantity and quality of international data available for sustainable development. According to the World Bank Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI), the world progressed on average by 2.1 points over the period 2016-2022. The annual rate of progress for LICs and LMICs was faster than the world average and the HICs average, which denotes some degree of convergence. Using population-weighted averages, LMICs are now performing better than UMICs on the Statistical Performance Indicators. Progress in LMICs since 2016 has been driven by significant improvements in the SPI in some of the largest of these countries, including Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and the Philippines. Part of this progress might be due to investments in data capacities and statistics made during the MDG period. SIDS continue to be, by far, the group of countries with the greatest number of missing data points on the SDG Index - SIDS are missing 22 percent of SDG Index data on average, with some missing more than 50 percent. Figure 4.4 Statistical Performance Indicators (SPI): Overall Score, 2016-2022 2022 World Note: From 0 (worst) to 100 (best). Source: Authors'calculations, based on World Bank Statistical Performance Indicators (2023). Sustainable Development Report 2023 ^ Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps The impact of COVID-19 (and other crises?) on data innovation One hypothesis, previously documented by TReNDS in the SDR 2022, is that the COVID-19 pandemic and possibly other crises may be important drivers of data innovation and collaboration. The pandemic triggered new intra-governmental collaborations to provide decision-makers with evidence to manage the crisis. Furthermore, having timely and high-quality data became a foundation for resilient and effective governments throughout the pandemic, forcing governments to adopt new processes to overcome the numerous obstacles that COVID-19 presented. Across countries, pragmatic decisions have been made: to reprioritize staff and resources in order to modernize data capture methods and processes; to use non-traditional data sources to fill data gaps, including citizen science, social media, mobile, and satellite data; and to enhance data dissemination schemes to make it easier for policymakers and the general public to consume data. To achieve this feat, countries have embarked on a range of multi-disciplinary and cross-sector partnerships. In many countries, National Statistics Offices (NSOs), were innovators during the pandemic. They engaged in partnership activities that were previously few and far between - working with stakeholders across sectors, including civil society, the private sector, academia, and NGOs - to accelerate data innovations for policymaking and SDG attainment. Policymakers responding to ongoing cascading crises are likely to continue the experimental and reactive approach to policy development that they adopted during the pandemic, including placing a premium on timelier and higher-quality data. As such, these crises are likely to be the primary driver of future innovations in data, to design and test public policies and programs moving forward. Thus, multilateralism and investments in global capacity-building and funding for statistics remain critical for short- and long-term improvements in information and data for sustainable development. 4.3. Conclusions and next steps Building on the past ten years of work, including the SDG Index,TReNDS, and a number of SDSN's initiatives, we draw five major lessons, which can serve as priorities to inform SDG policies and financing. 1. Science-based instruments are needed at all levels to guide SDG action and strengthen accountability. There are no magic numbers, but rather a suite of tools - including indices, integrated assessment models, policy trackers, science panels, and geospatial tools - that when combined can strengthen government capacity to implement the SDGs and to target investments. SDSN's new flagship initiative - the SDG Transformation Center - aims precisely to provide a suite of science-based instruments and serve as a platform for peer-to-peer learning and exchange among scientists, practitioners, and investors on the next generation of SDG policy tools, analytics, and long-term pathways. 2. Additional investments are needed in capacity-building for statistics. The SDG Index and TReNDS' initiatives have, for some years now, highlighted the acute and persisting data gaps that prevail at the global level for the SDGs, as well as the need to accelerate partnerships and investments in statistical capacity (TReNDS 2019). Although the World Bank's Statistical Performance Indicators show signs of improvements in statistical systems since 2016, poor and vulnerable countries (including SIDS) still lack the necessary resources to implement the vision of the 2017 Cape Town Global Action Plan for Sustainable Development Data (HLG-PCCB, 2017). According to PARIS21, funding for data and statistics fell by almost US$100 million between 2019 and 2021, representing the most significant drop in funding since the start of the SDG era (OECD 2022b). And as highlighted at the UN World Data Forum in April 2023 and reiterated in the 27 April Hangzhou declaration: statistical capacity in the poorer and most vulnerable countries requires "an urgent and sustained increase in the level and scale of investments in data and statistics from domestic and international actors, from the public, private, and philanthropic sectors" (HLG-PCCB 2023). 88 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus 4.3. Conclusions and next steps 3. We need to invest in data and science literacy to strengthen the science-policy interface. According to major international studies, few 15-year-old students can tell the difference between a fact and an opinion (OECD 2019b). In an information-rich and post-truth environment, citizens and decisionmakers need knowledge and tools to transform data and science into evidence, actions, and long-term policies. Yet UNESCO estimates that there is a nearly US$100 billion finance gap for countries to reach their education targets (UNESCO 2023). The SDSN and its partners are increasingly collaborating with governments and parliaments - and also working closely with business associations, private financial institutions, trade unions, and academic organizations - to improve data literacy and support science-based policy discussions to advance the SDGs at the national and local levels. Strengthening the science-policy interface is key for implementing long-term pathways for sustainable development. 4. Non-traditional statistics and science-based pathways help to address shortfalls in official statistics; they could be further leveraged to inform investment decisions. Developing official international statistics takes time. Especially when no suitable methodologies or data-collection methods exist. Halfway into the SDGs, for instance, we lack a good-quality international metric, available to most countries, to track"mechanisms in place to enhance policy coherence of sustainable development"-indicator 17.14.1. Nevertheless, building on the improvements in the field of industrial ecology, the SDSN and its partners have included an evaluation of negative international spillovers (one component of sustainable development policy coherence) in the SDG Index since 2017. Non-official sources of statistics, such as citizen science, social media, earth observation data, artificial intelligence (Al), model-based estimates, and other pathways produced by academics and researchers, support greater accountability and can provide a forward-looking evaluation of efforts to implement the SDGs, complementing official statistics. Additionally, initiatives like the Climate Action Tracker help provide science-based and forward-looking assessments of countries'ambitions and actions taken to further key SDG transformations. These types of assessments, as well as science-based decarbonization targets and food and land pathways, can be further leveraged in the design and assessment of public and private investment programs for the SDGs, including sustainability-themed bonds. 5. Space-based technologies help address data gaps and timeliness, including supporting the "leave no one behind" principle; they can be further leveraged via global partnerships. Time lags in international data reporting can exceed two to three years, including for key SDG indicators. With the elevated focus on and interest in data, COVID-19 has set the stage for new user expectations, with many users - especially the general public - now expecting to obtain data in real time (Sachs et al. 2022). The global community has mobilized space-based technologies to help provide more timely and granular information on the state of the global commons, or on access to key services (among others). In Europe, for instance, Copernicus, the EU's flagship Earth Observation and Monitoring program, was mobilized early on to improve SDG data availability, timeliness, and granularity. And the new SDGs-EYES program will establish "an integrated scientific, technological and user engagement framework, overcoming the knowledge and technical barriers that prevent the exploitation, combination and cross-feeding of data and tools"to support SDG action. At the global level, UN-GGIM and the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) aim to reduce the technical and legal barriers to using geospatial data and to strengthen multistakeholder partnerships. And TReNDS'Data for Now initiative is working to support countries'capacity to deliver robust and timely data to achieve the SDGs through user-centric approach, multistakeholder partnerships, and use of alternative data sources, including space-based technologies. The"TReNDS Data for Now" initiative draws on a user-centric approach, multistakeholder partnerships, and the use of alternative data sources such as space-based technologies to build countries' capacities to deliver accurate and timely data to achieve the SDGs. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 4.Lessons Learned and Next Steps References Arrow, Kenneth J., Partha Dasgupta, Lawrence H. Goulder, Kevin J. Mumford, and Kirsten Oleson (2013). 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Towards a Sound Measure of Government Efforts and Commitments for the SDGs? SDSN Working Paper, https:// resources.unsdsn.org/towards-a-sound-measure-of-government-efforts-and-commitments-for-the-sdgs. Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus References Malik, A, G Lafortune, S Dahir, Zachary Wendling, S Carter, M Li, and M Lenzen. (2021). Making Globalisation and Trade Work for People and Planet: International Spillovers Embodied in the European Union's (EU's) Food Supply Chains. SDSN, University of Sydney and GIZ Policy Brief. Malik, Arunima, Guillaume Lafortune, Sarah Carter, Mengyu Li, Manfred Lenzen, and Christian Kroll. (2021). International spillover effects in the EU's textile supply chains: a global SDG assessment. Journal of Environmental Management 295 (October): 113037. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2021.113037. 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Chapter 5 in Counting on the World, https://countingontheworld.sdsntrends.org. UNESCO. (2023). Can Countries Afford Their National SDG 4 Benchmarks? https://unesdoc.unesco.Org/ark:/48223/ pf0000385004. United Nations. (2015). Transforming Our World: The2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1. New York: United Nations, https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/ post2015/transformingourworld. Washington Post Editorial Board. (2021). We should take the World Bank's Doing Business report with a grain of salt. Washington Post, 26 septembre 2021. https://www. washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/09/26/cost-doing-business-world-bank/. Wolf, M. J., Emerson, J. W., Esty, D. C, de Sherbinin, A., Wendling, Z. A., etal. (2022). 2022 Environmental Performance Index. New Haven, CT: Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy, epi. yale.edu Workman, R. and McPherson, K. (2019). Measuring Rural Access Using New Technologies: Supplemental Guidelines. ReCAP GEN2033D. London: ReCAP for DFID. World Bank. (2021). World Development Report 2021: Data for Better Lives. Washington D.C. https://www.worldbank.org/ en/publication/wdr2021. World Bank. (2022). Statistical Performance Indicators, https:// www.worldbank.org/en/programs/statistical-performance-indicators. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Annex Methods Summary and Data Tables A.1 Interpreting the SDG Index and Dashboards results The Sustainable Development Report2023 provides an assessment of progress made towards the SDGs by all UN Member States. The Report includes the SDG Index, in which scores are presented on a scale of 0 to 100 and can be interpreted as a percentage towards optimal SDG performance.Therefore, the difference between 100 and a country's SDG Index score is the distance, in percentage points, that must be overcome to reach optimum SDG performance. The same basket of indicators and similar performance thresholds are used for all countries, to generate comparable scores and rankings.To minimize missing-data bias, we do not calculate overall SDG Index scores or ranks for countries that are missing data on more than 20% of the indicators. Substantial differences in rankings may result from small differences in aggregate SDG Index scores. This calls for caution when comparing country rankings. Differences of two or three positions between countries should not be interpreted as "significant" whereas a differences of 10 places may be ascribed to meaningful differences in performance. For further details, see the statistical audit by Papadimitriou et al. (2019) conducted on behalf of the EU Joint Research Centre (JRC). The SDG Dashboards provide visual representations of countries'performance on the 17 SDGs. The "traffic light" color scheme (green, yellow, orange, and red) illustrates how far a country is from achieving a particular goal. The SDG Dashboards are presented for all countries where data permits, including those that are not included in the SDG Index. As in previous years, the SDG Dashboards and country profiles for OECD countries incorporate additional metrics that are not available for non-OECD members. The SDG Trend Dashboards indicate whether a country is on track to achieve the goals by 2030, based on past performance. Trends are calculated for each indicator, building on annual growth rates since 2015 which are extrapolated to 2030. The country's resultant indicator trends are then aggregated at the goal level, to give an indication of how it is progressing towards each SDG. This section provides a summary of the methods used to compute the SDG Index and Dashboards. More information can be found online in SDG Index and Dashboards: Detailed Methodological Paper (Lafortune et al., 2018). In 2019, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission conducted an independent statistical audit of the report's methodology and results, examining the conceptual and statistical coherence of the index's structure.Their audit report and additional data tables are available on our website: www.sdgindex.org Due to time lags in international statistics, this year's edition does not capture most of the multiple impacts that the war in Ukraine has had on the SDGs, nor the impacts of other geopolitical and security crises that have emerged over the past 12-18 months. The data for Ukraine correspond to the situation before February 2022, as many data points have not been able to be updated since then. The inclusion of an indicator on exports of major conventional weapons should not be interpreted as a value judgment in the context of current conflicts, but rather as an effort to evaluate more generally the trend towards disarmament recognized by the United Nations and by civil society organizations as an important priority for peace, socio-economic stability, and sustainable development (UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, 2018; Amnesty International, 2008). Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.2 Changes to the 2023 edition and limitations A.2 Changes to the 2023 edition and limitations The 2023 SDG Index covers 166 countries.This year, the Report integrates further indicators that build on geographic information systems (GIS), to increase data availability and the timeliness of indicators related to access to road infrastructure and to key urban services. More information on these new geospatial indicators can be found in Part 3 of the report and in the online materials. This edition also incorporates one new spillover indicator - on modern slavery in international supply chains (Malik et al, 2022). Table A.1 summarizes these additions and identifies indicators that have been replaced or modified due to changes in the methodologies used and estimates produced by data providers. We have also introduced a refinement to the methodology used to evaluate trends for countries already exceeding SDG targets (explained in Section 3.A. below, the methodology overview). For the first time, we present an overview of where the world as a whole stands on SDG progress, calculated using a population-weighted average for all UN Member States. Also included for the first time in this year's edition is an estimation of the percentage of SDG targets that are on track to be met by 2030 for all countries with sufficient data to be included in the SDG Index. More details on this calculation can be found in Section 3.A. Limitations Due to changes in the indicators and refinements in the methodology, SDG Index rankings and scores from one edition cannot be compared with the results from previous editions. However, Part 2 provides time series for the SDG Index, calculated retroactively using this year's indicators and methods, providing results that are comparable across time. The full time series for the SDG Index are available for download online. Table A.I New indicators and modifications SDG Indicator Modification Source 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPP, %) 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPP, %) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9 Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) ^ ^ Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 12 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 12 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) ^ Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0 -1 best) 16 Property Rights (worst 1 -7 best) Source: Authors'analysis Modification: New global poverty line for low-income countries Modification: New global poverty line for lower-middle-income countries New indicator New indicator New indicator Modification: now sourced from different Multi-regional input-output database, Gloria. Modification: now sourced from different Multi-regional input-output database, Gloria. Replaces "Property Rights (worst 1-7 best)" World Data Lab World Data Lab Malik et al (2022) SDSN (2023), based on Workman, R. & McPherson, K.,TRL(201S SDSN (2023), based on Nicoletti, L., Sirenko, M., &Verma,T. (2023) UNEP UNEP World Justice Project Removed due to suspension of future updates World Economic Forum Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 93 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Despite our best efforts to identify data for the SDGs, several indicator and data gaps persist at the international level (Table A.2). Governments and the international community must increase investments in SDG data and monitoring systems, and build strong data partnerships to support informed SDG decisions and strategies. To ensure the results are comparable across countries, we do not incorporate estimates received directly from Table A.2 Major indicator and data gaps for the SDGs national statistical offices. Data providers may adjust national data to ensure international comparability. As a result, some data points presented in this report may differ from data available from national sources. Moreover, the length of the validation processes of international organizations can lead to significant delays in publishing some data. National statistical offices may therefore have more recent data for some indicators than presented in this report. SDG Issue 2 Agriculture and nutrition 3 Health 4 Education 5 Women empowerment 6 Water 8 Decent work 10 Inequality 12 Sustainable consumption 13 Climate Action 14 Marine ecosystems 15 Terrestrial ecosystems 16 Peace and justice 17 Means of implementation Desired metrics Food loss and food waste Global yield gap statistics Health care system resilience and preparedness to face global health risks Internationally comparable survey data on unmet care needs Internationally comparable measures of the quality of primary and secondary education Early childhood development (access and quality) Gender pay gap and other empowerment measures Violence against women Quality of drinking water and surface waters Decent work Wealth inequality Vertical mobility Environmental impact of transboundary physical flows (e.g. air pollution through wind, water pollution through rivers) Recycling and re-use (circular economy) Hazardous chemicals Robust indicators of climate adaptation Maximum sustainable yields for fisheries Impact of high-sea and cross-border fishing Leading indicators for ecosystem health Trade in endangered species Violence against children Climate finance Development impact of trade practices Lead international indicator to track Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development Source: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) A.3 Methodology (overview) The Sustainable Development Report provides a comprehensive assessment of distance from targets based on the most current data available covering all 193 UN Member States. This year's report includes 97 global indicators, with 27 additional indicators included specifically for OECD countries (due to better data coverage in these countries). The following sections provide an overview of the methodology used to select, normalize and aggregate indicators, and to generate indications of trends over time. Additional information is available online, including raw data, additional data tables and sensitivity tests. 1. Data selection Where possible, the Sustainable Development Report uses official SDG indicators endorsed by the UN Statistical Commission. Where there are data gaps or insufficient data for an official indicator, we include other metrics from official and unofficial providers. Five criteria for indicator selection were used to determine suitable metrics for inclusion in the report: 1. Global relevance and applicability to a broad range of country settings. 2. Statistical adequacy: The indicators selected represent valid and reliable measures. 3. Timeliness:The indicators selected are up-to-date and published on a reasonably prompt basis. 4. Coverage: There must be data available for at least 80% of UN Member States with a population greater than one million.1 5. Measurability of distance to targets: This must be able to be measured so that optimal performance can be determined. 1. There are two exceptions to this rule: (i) Exports of hazardous pesticides; (ii) Children involved in child labor. Data sources The data included in this report come from a mix of official and non-official sources. Most (around two-thirds) are drawn from the databanks of international organizations (FAO, ILO,OECD, UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, and other sources) which follow extensive and rigorous data-validation processes. Other data sources (around one-third) include less traditional statistics, such as household surveys (Gallup World Poll), civil society organizations and networks (including Oxfam, Tax Justice Network, World Justice Project, or Reporters sans Frontieres), peer-reviewed journals (for example, to track international spillovers) and geographic information systems (GIS). These non-official sources complement other data sources and help increase data availability and timeliness for key SDG indicators and targets. The full list of indicators and data sources is available online. The data for this year's edition were extracted between February and April 2023. 2. Missing data and imputations To minimize biases from missing data, the SDG Index only includes countries that have data for at least 80% of the indicators or that have been in previous editions of the SDG Index and have data for at least 75% of the indicators.2The list of countries not included in the SDG Index due to missing data is presented in Table A.3 below. We do, however, include all UN Member States in the SDG Dashboards and we feature country profiles for each one. These profiles also indicate any gaps in a country's available SDG data. Due to the lack of widely accepted statistical models for imputing country-level data for many SDG priorities, we do not generally impute or model missing data apart from a few exceptional circumstances. The list of indicators where imputations have been performed is available online in the Codebook. 2. This applies to Barbados, Cabo Verde, Comoros, the Maldives, and Sao Tome and Principe. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.3 Countries excluded from the 2023 SDG Index due to insufficient data Country Missing Values Percentage of Missing Values Andorra 51 55% Antigua and Barbuda 31 32% Dominica 43 44% Equatorial Guinea 27 28% Eritrea 22 23% Grenada 36 37% Guinea-Bissau 22 23% Kiribati 38 39% Korea, Dem. Rep. 31 32% Libya 24 25% Liechtenstein 63 68% Marshall Islands 53 55% Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 45 46% Monaco 64 66% Nauru 50 52% Palau 52 54% Samoa 28 29% San Marino 62 64% Seychelles 34 35% Solomon Islands 30 31% St. Kittsand Nevis 43 44% St. Lucia 25 26% St. Vincent and the Grenadines 32 33% Timor-Leste 25 26% Tonga 33 34% Tuvalu 50 52% Vanuatu 27 28% Source: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 -*« Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) 3. Method used to construct the SDG Index and Dashboards The procedure for calculating the SDG Index comprises three steps: (i) establish performance thresholds and censor extreme values from the distribution of each indicator; (ii) rescale the data to ensure comparability across indicators (normalization); (iii) aggregate the indicators within and across SDGs. Establishing performance thresholds To make the data comparable across indicators, each variable was rescaled from 0 to 100 - with 0 denoting the worst performance and 100 describing the optimum. Rescaling is sensitive to the choice of limits, as extreme values (outliers) risk becoming unintended thresholds that can introduce spurious variability in the data. Consequently, the choice of upper and lower bounds can affect the relative ranking of countries in the index. The upper bound for each indicator was determined using the following decision tree: 1. Use the absolute quantitative thresholds of the SDGs and targets: e.g., zero poverty, universal school completion, universal access to water and sanitation, full gender equality. 2. Where no explicit SDG target is available, apply the principle of "leave no one behind"to set the upper bound to universal access, or zero deprivation. 3. Where science-based targets exist that must be achieved by 2030 or later, use these to set the 100% upper bound (e.g., zero greenhouse gas emissions from C02 as required by no later than 2050 to limit global warming to 1.5°C, 100% sustainable management of fisheries). 4. For all other indicators, use the average of the top five performers. These principles interpret the SDGs as "stretch targets" and focus attention on those indicators where a country is lagging behind. The lower bound was defined at the 2.5th percentile of the distribution. Each indicator distribution was censored, so that all values exceeding the upper bound scored 100, and values below the lower bound scored 0. Normalization After establishing the upper and lower bounds, variables were transformed linearly to a scale between 0 and 100 using the following rescaling formula for the range [0; 100]: x - min(x) x = max(x) - min(x) X100 where x is the raw data value; max/min denote the upper and lower bounds, respectively; and x'is the normalized value after rescaling. The rescaling equation ensured that all rescaled variables were expressed as ascending variables (i.e., higher values denoted better performance). In this way, the rescaled data became easy to interpret and compare across all indicators: a country that scores 50 on a variable is halfway towards achieving the optimum value, whereas a country with a score of 75 has covered three quarters of the distance from worst to best. Weighting and aggregation Several rounds of expert consultations on earlier drafts of the SDG Index made it clear that there is little consensus across different epistemic communities on assigning higher weights to some SDGs over others. As a normative assumption, we therefore opted to assign a fixed, equal weight to every SDG, to reflect policymakers'commitment to treat all SDGs equally and as an integrated and indivisible set of goals. This implies that countries need to pay attention to all goals to improve their SDG Index score, but focus particularly on those where they are furthest from achieving the SDGs and where incremental progress might therefore be expected to be fastest. To compute SDG Index scores, we first estimate scores on each goal using the arithmetic mean of indicators for that goal. These goal scores are then averaged across all 17 SDGs to obtain the final Index score. Various sensitivity tests were carried out, with the results available online, including comparisons of arithmetic mean versus geometric mean and Monte-Carlo simulations at the Index and Goal level. Monte-Carlo simulations call for prudence in interpreting small differences between countries'lndex scores and rankings, however, as these may be sensitive to the weighting scheme. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Dashboards We introduced additional quantitative thresholds for each indicator to group countries in a "traffic light" table. Thresholds were established based on statistical techniques and through various rounds of consultations with experts conducted since 2016. Averaging across all indicators for an SDG might hide areas of policy concern if a country performs well on most indicators but faces serious shortfalls on one or two metrics within one SDG (this is often referred to as the issue of"substitutability"or"compensation").This applies particularly to high-income and upper-middle-income countries that have made significant progress on many SDG dimensions but may face serious shortfalls on individual variables, for example on the sustainability of diets and agriculture within SDG 2. As a result, the SDG Dashboards focus exclusively on the two variables on which a country or region performs worst. To this end, the indicator values were first rescaled from 0 to 3 according to how they compared to the thresholds. Values worse than the red threshold were rescaled (using a min-max formula) from 0 to 1 where 0 corresponds to the lower bound and 1 to the value of the red threshold. Values better than the green threshold were rescaled from 2 to 3 where 2 corresponds to the value of the green threshold and 3 to the upper bound.The values between these two thresholds were similarly rescaled, and for all indicators the yellow/orange threshold was set as the value halfway between the red and green thresholds (1.5 after rescaling). Each interval between 0 and 3 is continuous. We then took the average of the two rescaled variables on which the country performed worst to identify the rating for the goal. We added the rule that a red rating is applied only if both the worst-performing indicators score red. Similarly, to score green, both of the best-performing indicators must be green. If the country has less than 50% of the indicators available under a goal the dashboard color for that goal is "grey". The quantitative thresholds used to generate the dashboards are available in Table A.5. SDG Trends Using historic data, we estimate how fast a country has been progressing towards an SDG and determine whether - if extrapolated into the future - this pace will be sufficient to achieve the SDG by 2030. For each indicator, SDG achievement is defined by the green threshold set for the SDG Dashboards.The difference in percentage points between the green threshold and the normalized country score denotes the gap that must be closed to meet that goal.To estimate trends at the indicator level, we calculated the linear annual growth rates (annual percentage improvements) needed to achieve the target by 2030 (growth from 2015 to 2030), which we compared to the Figure A.I The Four-arrow system Decreasing Decreasing score, i.e. country moves in the wrong direction denoting SDG trends Stagnating Score remains stagnant or increases at a rate below 50% of the growth rate needed to achieve the SDG by 2030. Also denotes scores that currently exceed the target but have decreased since 2015 71 Moderately improving Score increases at a rate above 50% of the required growth rate but below the rate needed to achieve the SDG by 2030 t On track or Maintaining SDG achievement Score increases at the rate needed to achieve the SDG by 2030 or performance has already exceeded SDG achievement threshold Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Figure A.2 Graphic representation of the methodology for SDG trends Source: Authors'analysis average annual growth rate over the most recent period since the adoption oftheSDGs in 2015 (2015-2022). Progress towards achievement on a particular indicator is described using a four-arrow system (Figure A.1). Figure A.2 illustrates the methodology graphically. Because time-series data is required for these calculations, indicators with only one or very few data points across time could not be used for these analyses. The list of indicators used to generate the trend indications is available in Table A.6. To estimate the overall trend for an SDG, each indicator trend was assigned a value on a scale from 0 to 4 based on its growth rate. Indicators with decreasing growth rates were rescaled (using a min-max formula) from 0 to 1 where 0 corresponds to the worst decrease across countries on an indicator and 1 corresponds to an absolute stagnation over time (growth rate of 0). Increasing growth rates were similarly rescaled into intervals of 1 to 2,2 to 3, and 3 to 4, where 2 corresponds to half the growth rate necessary to achieve the green threshold, 3 corresponds to exactly the growth rate needed to achieve the green threshold, and 4 to the highest growth rate among the countries on a given indicator. Each of the four intervals between 0 and 4 is continuous. The trend for an SDG was calculated as the arithmetic average of all the re-scaled values of the trend indicators for that goal. An average between 0 and 1 corresponds to a "decreasing" goal trend, between 1 and 2 to a "stagnating" goal trend, between 2 and 3 to a "moderately improving goal trend" and finally between 3 and 4 to an "on track"goal trend. Overall goal trends were not calculated for countries missing a goal-level dashboard. Since the projections are based on past growth rates over several years, a country might have observed a decline in performance in the past year (for instance due to the impact of COVID-19) but still be considered as being on track. This methodology emphasizes long-term structural changes that have occurred since the adoption of the SDGs in 2015, rather than focusing on annual changes that may be temporary or cyclical. This year we introduced a refinement to the methodology whereby countries that currently exceed the target for an indicator but have seen a decrease since 2015 are assigned an orange arrow. This is because if the decreasing trend continues, the country may no longer meet the SDG target in the future. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Status of SDG targets In this year's edition, we introduce an assessment of the status of SDG targets both for every country and for the world overall. We based this assessment solely on trend indicators (Table A.6) since time-series data was needed to calculate rates of progress. Indicators that we featured in the Index and country profiles for OECD countries only were excluded from this global calculation, to provide comparable results across countries. Where the past rate of progress is sufficient to meet the target by 2030 (corresponding to the green arrow "On track or maintaining SDG achievement") the indicator was counted as being on track. Indicators where past rates of progress will be insufficient to meet the SDG target (corresponding to the orange "stagnating" or yellow "moderately improving"arrows) were counted as showing limited progress. Finally, indicators heading in the wrong direction (the red "decreasing"arrow) were counted as worsening. Indicators for which a country has already met the target but has decreased its score since 2015 were also considered to be worsening. For the assessment of the status of SDG targets for the World (population-weighted average), we only considered as on track those indicators that showed consistent progress both in the long term (since 2015) and in the short term (since 2019 or 2020). 100 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.4 Indicators included in the Sustainable Development Report2023 Legend [a] denotes OECD-only indicators [b] denotes indicators not used in OECD dashboard but that are used in the calculation of OECD countries'index scores. SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPP, %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPP, %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) Prevalence of undernourishment ( Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen [a] Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.2.1 2023 2023 2020 World Data Lab World Data Lab OECD 2.1.1 2020 FAO Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of 2.2.1 age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of 2.2.2 age (%) 2022 UNICEF etal. 2.2 2.3 & 2.4 2.4 2021 2016 2017 2021 2018 UNICEF etal. WHO Bonhommeau et al. (2013) data updated to 2017 FAO Zhang and Davidson (2019) Estimated percentage of the population that is living under the poverty threshold of US$2.15 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of the income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections. Estimated percentage of the population that is living under the poverty threshold of US$3.65 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of the income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections. The share of the population whose incomes fall below half the median disposable income for the entire population. The income threshold for relative poverty changes over time with changes in median disposable income. The percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements for a minimum of one year. Dietary energy requirements are defined as the amount of dietary energy required by an individual to maintain body functions, health and normal activity. Due to uncertainty in the estimates, the lowest value FAO attributes to countries is 2.5%. We therefore assume 2.5% in all high-income countries with missing data. The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years that are stunted, measured as the percentage that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median height for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of stunting in high-income countries of 2.58%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data. The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years whose weight falls below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 0.75%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data. The percentage of the adult population that has a body mass index (BMI) of 30kg/m2 or higher, based on measured height and weight. Trophic levels are a measure of the energy intensity of diet composition and reflect the relative amounts of plants as opposed to animals eaten in each country. A higher trophic level represents a greater level of consumption of energy-intensive animals. Cereal yield, measured as tonnes per hectare of harvested land. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only and excludes crops harvested for hay or green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing. The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) is a one-dimensional ranking score that combines two efficiency measures in crop production: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and land use efficiency (crop yield). Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 101 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator [b] 3 [a] Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants 3 [a] who received 2 WHO- recommended vaccines ( 2.3 & 2.4 3.9 3.1.1 3.2.2 3.2.1 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.3.1 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic 3.4.1 respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 2021 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2019 Global Yield Gap Atlas FAO WHOetal. UNICEF etal. UNICEF etal. WHO UNAIDS WHO 3.9.1 3.6.1 Life expectancy at birth (years) 3.1-3.9 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.1.2 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020 3.D.1 2021 WHO WHO WHO WHO UNICEF WHO and UNICEF A country's yield expressed as a percentage of its potential yield in the three annual crops using the most land area, weighted for the relative importance of each crop in terms of surface area. Exports of pesticides deemed hazardous to human health, standardized by population. Due to volatility, the calculation uses the average value over the last 5 years. The estimated number of women, between the age of 15 and 49, who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births. The number of newborn infants (neonates) who die before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,0001 ive bi rths. The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year, per 1,000 live births. The estimated rate of new and relapse cases of tuberculosis each year, expressed per 100,000 people. All forms of tuberculosis are included, including cases of people living with HIV. Number of people newly infected with HIV per 1,000 uninfected population. The probability of dying between the ages of 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, defined as the percent of 30-year-old-people who would die before their 70th birthday from these diseases, assuming current mortality rates at every age and that individuals would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS). Mortality rate that is attributable to the joint effects of fuels used for cooking indoors and ambient outdoor air pollution. Estimated number of fatal road traffic injuries per 100,000 people. The average number of years that a newborn could expect to live, if he or she were to pass through life exposed to the sex- and age-specific death rates prevailing at the time of his or her birth, for a specific year, in a given country, territory, or geographic area. The number of births per 1,000 females between the age of 15 and 19. The percentage of births attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care, and advice to women during pregnancy, labor, and the postpartum period, to conduct deliveries on their own, and to care for newborns. Estimated national routine immunization coverage of infants, expressed as the percentage of surviving infants, children under the age of 12 months, who received two WHO-recommended vaccines (3rd dose of DTP and 1st dose of measles). Calculated as the minimum value between the percentage of infants who have received the 3rd dose of DTP and the percentage who have received the 1 st dose of measles. 102 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _ . _ SDG Source Description Target ^ear Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service 3.8.1 coverage (worst 0-100 best) 2019 WHO Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachieves in science (% of 15-year-olds) Demand forfamily planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 3.4 3.a.1 4.2.2 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 4.1.2 4.1.2 4.6.1 4.3 4.6.1 4.5.1 4.6.1 3.7.1 2022 2021 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 Gallup OECD OECD OECD UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO UNESCO OECD 2018 OECD 2018 OECD 2018 OECD 2023 UNDESA Coverage of essential health services (defined as the average coverage of essential services based on tracer interventions that include reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and service capacity and access, among the general and the most disadvantaged population). The indicator is an index reported on a unitless scale of 0 to 100, which is computed as the geometric mean of 14 tracer indicators of health service coverage. Subjective self-evaluation of life, where respondents are asked to evaluate where they feel they stand on a ladder where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life. Difference between maximum and minimum regional life expectancy at birth among regions. Gap in percentage of people who perceive their health status as good or very good between the poorest 20% and the richest 20% of the population. The percentage of the population aged 15 years and older who are reported to smoke daily. Participation rate in organized learning one year before the official primary entry age measured by the adjusted net enrollment rate in organized learning. The percentage of children of the official school age population who are enrolled in primary education. Lower secondary education completion rate measured as the gross intake ratio to the last grade of lower secondary education (general and pre-vocational). It is calculated as the number of new entrants in the last grade of lower secondary education, regardless of age, divided by the population at the entrance age for the last grade of lower secondary education. The percentage of youth, aged 15 to 24, who can both read and write a short simple statement on everyday life with understanding. The percentage of the population, aged 25 to 34, who have completed tertiary education. National scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an internationally standardized assessment that is administered to 15-year-olds in schools. It assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. Country PISA scores for reading, mathematics, and science were averaged to obtain an overall PISA score. Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students' socio-economic status. Percentage of students with a performance in science below level 2 (less than 409.54 score points). The percentage of women of reproductive age whose demand forfamily planning has been met using modern methods of contraception. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 103 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear Modeled estimate: Demand for family planning satisfied by any modern method Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male 3.7.1 4.5.1 5.5 5.5.1 median wage) Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 6.1.1 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H20 eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services ( 6.4.2 6.3.1 2021 2022 2021 2021 2020 2020 2019 2020 2018 UNDESA UNDP ILO IPU OECD JMP JMP FAO EPI UNEP 6.1.1 2020 JMP Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) Population with access to electricity (%) 6.1.1 2020 7.1.1 2020 JMP IEA, IRENA, UNSD.WB, WHO The mean years of education received by women aged 25 and older divided by the mean years of education received by men aged 25 and older. Modeled estimate of the proportion of the female population aged 15 years and older that is economically active, divided by the same proportion for men. The number of seats held by women in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament. The difference between male and female median wages of full-time employees and those self-employed, divided by the male median wage. The percentage of the population using at least a basic drinking water service, such as drinking water from an improved source, provided that the collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing. The percentage of the population using at least a basic sanitation service, such as an improved sanitation facility that is not shared with other households. The level of water stress: freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources is the ratio between total freshwater withdrawn by all major sectors and total renewable freshwater resources, after taking into account environmental water requirements. Main sectors, as defined by ISIC standards, include agriculture, forestry and fishing, manufacturing, electricity industry, and services. This indicator is also known as water withdrawal intensity. The proportion of wastewater that undergoes at least primary treatment in each country, multiplied by the proportion of the population connected to a wastewater collection system. Water scarcity is measured as water consumption weighted by scarcity indices. In order to incorporate water scarcity into the virtual water flow calculus, water use entries are weighted so that they reflect the scarcity of the water being used. The weight used is a measure of water withdrawals as a percentage of the existing local renewable freshwater resources. The percentage of the population using a safely managed drinking water service. A safely managed drinking water service is one where people use an improved source meeting three criteria: it is accessible on premises, water is available when needed, and the water supplied is free from contamination. Improved sources are those that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction. The percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services. Safely managed sanitation services are improved sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households, and where the excreta produced should either be treated and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied, transported and treated off-site, or transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact. The percentage of the population who has access to electricity. 104 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) C02 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCO/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.1.2 7.2 7.2.1 2020 2019 2019 WHO IEA IEA, IRENA, UNSD.WB, WHO Adjusted GDP growth ( 8.1.1 2021 World Bank Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bankorotherfinancial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) 8.10.2 8.5.2 8.8.2 2018 2021 2023 2021 2018 2018 2022 Walk Free Foundation (2018) Global Findex Database ILO World Justice Project Alsamawi etal. (2017) data updated to 2018 Malik etal (2022) OECD The percentage of the population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels. A measure of the carbon intensity of energy production, calculated by dividing C02 emissions from the combustion of fuel by electricity output. The data are reported in Megatonnes per billion kilowatt hours. The share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption. Renewable energy includes hydro, solid biofuels, liquid biofuels, biogases, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, tide/wave/ oceans and renewable municipal waste. It does not include traditional biomass — local solid biomass resources (e.g. wood, charcoal, dung, agricultural residues) used in low-income households that do not have access to modern cooking fuels or technologies. The growth rate of GDP adjusted to income levels (where rich countries are expected to grow less) and expressed relative to the average growth rate of high income countries. The growth rate over the last 3-year period (t-3 to t) was calculated where GRa=(At/ At-3)A(1/3)-1 and where GRa is the growth rate for country A and At is the GDP per capita data for the year t in country A. Then our adjustment is as follows: ADJa= [GRa-(GRhic - 0,015*log(At-3/hict-3))] * 100, where GRhic is the average growth rate of high-income countries and hict-3 is the average GDP per capita of high-income countries three years ago. Estimation of the number of people in modern slavery. Modern slavery is defined as people in forced labor or forced marriage. It is calculated based on standardized surveys and Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE). The percentage of adults, 15 years and older, who report having an account (by themselves or with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution, or who have personally used a mobile money service within the past 12 months. Modeled estimate of the share of the labor force that is without work but is available and actively seeking employment. The indicator reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for people who want to work but are not doing so. Measures the effective enforcement of fundamental labor rights, including freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining, the absence of discrimination with respect to employment, and freedom from forced labor and child labor. The number of fatal work-related accidents associated with imported goods. Calculated using extensions to a multiregional input-output table. Victims of forced labor embodied in supply chains. Calculated using a multi-regional input-output table (Gloria) extended with a slavery satellite account The ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or older who were in paid employment or self-employed during a specified period. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 105 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 2021 9.1.1 17.8.1 9.C.1 & 17.6.1 2022 2021 2021 2018 The percentage of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). Education includes part-time or full-time education but excludes those in non-formal education and in OECD educational activities of very short duration. Employment is defined according to the ILO Guidelines and covers all those who have been in paid work for at least one hour in the reference week or were temporarily absent from such work. SDSN (2023), based on Proportion of the rural population that lives within 2 km of an all-Workman, R. & season road. An all-season road is one that is motorable throughout McPherson, K., the year but may be temporarily unavailable during inclement weather. TRL (2019) ITU ITU World Bank 2022 9.5 9.5.1 9.5.2 9.5 9.c 4.3 2021 2020 2020 2020 2020 2018 Times Higher Education Scimago Jounal Rank UNESCO OECD OECD OECD World Bank The percentage of the population who used the Internet from any location in the last three months. Access could be via a fixed or mobile network. The number of mobile broadband subscriptions per 100 population. Mobile broadband subscriptions refer to subscriptions to mobile cellular networks with access to data communications (e.g. the Internet) at broadband speeds, irrespective of the device used to access the internet. Survey-based average assessment of the quality of trade and transport related infrastructure, e.g. ports, roads, railroads and information technology, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best). The average score of the top three universities in each country that are listed in the global top 1,000 universities in the world. For countries with at least one university on the list, only the score of the ranked university was taken into account. When a university score was missing in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking, an indicatorfrom the Global Innovation Index on the top 3 universities in Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) University Ranking was used as a source when available. Number of citable documents published by a journal in the three previous years (selected year documents are excluded). Exclusively articles, reviews and conference papers are considered. Gross domestic expenditure on scientific research and experimental development (R&D) expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We assumed zero R&D expenditure for low-income countries that do not report any data. The number of researchers per thousand employed people. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned A triadic patent family is defined as a set of patents registered in various countries (i.e. patent offices) to protect the same invention. Triadic patent families are a set of patents filed at three of these major patent offices: the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).The number of triadic patent families is nowcast for timeliness. The difference in the percentage of household Internet access between the top and bottom income quartiles. Female share of graduates from Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) programs, tertiary (%) 106 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 [a] 12 12 12 Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) Proportion of urban population living in slums ( Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) Municipal solid waste (kg/ capita/day) 12 [a] Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based S02 emissions (kg/capita) S02 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 10.1 10.1 10.2.1 11.1.1 2020 2020 2020 2020 The Gini coefficient measures the extent to which the distribution World Bank of income among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. The share of all income received by the 10% people with highest OECD& UNDP disposable income divided by the share of all income received by the 40% people with the lowest disposable income. OECD UN Habitat 11.6.2 11.1 11.2.1 11.1 12.5 12.4.2 2019 2020 2022 2019 2022 2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 IHME WHO and UNICEF Gallup OECD SDSN (2023), based on Nicoletti, L, Sirenko, M., &Verma,T. (2023) World Bank UNU-IAS Lenzen et al. (2022) Lenzen et al. (2022) UNEP The percentage of people of 66 years of age or more whose income falls below half the median household income of the total population. Population living in slums is the proportion of the urban population living in slum households. A slum household is defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient living area, housing durability, and security of tenure. Air pollution measured as the population-weighted mean annual concentration of PM2.5 for the urban population in a country. PM2.5 is suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and can cause severe health damage. The percentage of the urban population with access to improved drinking water piped on premises. An improved drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction and when properly used, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly fecal matter. The percentage of the surveyed population that responded satisfied to the question In the city or area where you live, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the public transportation systems?. Percentage of the population living in households where the total housing costs represent more than 40 % of disposable income. The percentage of the population in urban areas living within 15-minute walking distance from a point of interest (i.e. hospitals, schools, supermarkets, restaurants, etc.) Distance is established through pedestrian street network data and the percentage of population in the radius is estimated using gridded population density. The amount of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system. Waste from agriculture and from industries are not included. Waste from electrical and electronic equipment, estimated based on figures for domestic production, imports and exports of electronic products, as well as product lifespan data. S02 emissions associated with the production of goods and services, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Emissions of S02 embodied in imported goods and services. S02 emissions have severe health impacts and are a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide. Reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Reactive nitrogen corresponds to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 107 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/ capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tC02/capita) C02 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) C02 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/ tC02 (%, worst 0-100 best) Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 12.4 11.6.1 13.2.2 13.2 13.2 2018 2021 2021 2021 2018 2021 13.2 2018 14.5.1 14.1.1 14.4.1 14.4 14.4 2022 2022 2018 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per 14.4 million population) 15.1.2 15.1.2 15.5.1 2018 2022 2022 2023 UNEP UN Comtrade OECD Global Carbon Project Lenzen et al. (2022) UN Comtrade OECD Birdlife International etal. Ocean Health Index Emissions of reactive nitrogen embodied in imported goods and services. Reactive nitrogen corresponds here to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment. The average annual amount of plastic waste exported over the last 5 years expressed per capita. The amount of municipal solid waste (MSW), including household waste, that is neither recycled nor composted. Emissions from the combustion and oxidation of fossil fuels and from cement production. The indicator excludes emissions from fuels used for international aviation and maritime transport. C02 emissions embodied in imported goods and services. C02 emissions embodied in the exports of coal, gas, and oil. Calculated using a 5-year average of fossil fuel exports and converting exports into their equivalent C02 emissions. Exports for each fossil fuel are capped at the country's level of production. The Carbon Pricing Score (CPS) measures the extent to which countries have attained the goal of pricing all energy related carbon emissions at certain benchmark values for carbon costs. The more progress that a country has made towards a specified benchmark value, the higher the CPS. For example, a CPS of 100% against a EUR 60 per tonne of C02 benchmark means that the country (or the group of countries) prices all carbon emissions in its (their) territory from energy use at EUR 60 or more. The mean percentage area of marine Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of marine biodiversity) that are protected. The clean waters subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures to what degree marine waters under national jurisdictions have been contaminated by chemicals, excessive nutrients (eutrophication), human pathogens, and trash. The percentage of a country's total catch, within its exclusive Sea around Us economic zone (EEZ), that is comprised of species that are overexploited or collapsed, weighted by the quality of fish catch data. Sea Around Us The percentage offish caught by bottom trawling, a method of fishing in which industrial fishing vessels drag large nets (trawls) along the seabed. This indicator is the sum of the series for bottom trawling, shrimp trawling, and dredging. 2019 Sea around Us The percentage offish that are caught only to be later discarded. Lenzen et al. (2012) data updated to 2018 Birdlife International etal. Birdlife International etal. IUCN and Birdlife International Threats to marine species embodied in imports of goods and services. The mean percentage area of terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that are protected. The mean percentage area of freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that are protected. The change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. The index is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 108 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear 15 15 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 15.2 2021 15.5 2018 16.1.1 2021 16.3.2 16.1.4 16.9.1 16.5.1 & 16.5.2 2020 2022 2022 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 8.7.1 5 to 14) 2021 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million 16.1 USD per 100,000 population)* Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 16.1 Access to and affordability of 16.3.1 & justice (worst 0-1 best) 16.3.3 2021 2023 2021 Curtis et al. (2018) data updated to 2021 Lenzen etal. (2012) data updated to 2018 UNODC UNODC Gallup UNICEF Transparency International UNICEF Stockholm The mean annual percentage of permanent deforestation over the last 3-year period. Permanent deforestation refers to tree cover removal for urbanization, commodity production and certain types of small-scale agriculture whereby the previous tree cover does not return. It does not include temporary forest loss due to cuttings within the forestry sector or wildfires. Since data on tree cover gains are not available, the annual net loss cannot be calculated, thus the indicator is an estimate for gross permanent deforestation. Threats to terrestrial and freshwater species embodied in imports of goods and services. The number of intentional homicides per 100,000 people. Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing, such as killing in armed conflict. Unsentenced prisoners as a percentage of overall prison population. Persons held unsentenced or pre-trial refers to persons held in prisons, penal institutions or correctional institutions who are untried, pre-trial or awaiting a first instance decision on their case from a competent authority regarding their conviction or acquittal. The percentage of the surveyed population that responded Yes to the question Do you feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where you live? The percentage of children under the age of five whose births are reported as being registered with the relevant national civil authorities. The perceived levels of public sector corruption, on a scale from 0 (highest level of perceived corruption) to 100 (lowest level of perceived corruption). The CPI aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country experts. The percentage of children, between the age of 5 and 14 years old, involved in child labor at the time of the survey. A child is considered to be involved in child labor under the following conditions: (a) children 5-11 years old who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or (b) children 12-14 years old who, during the reference week, did at least 14 hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores. We assumed 0% child labor for high-income countries for which no data was reported. Volume of major conventional weapons exported, expressed in constant 1990 US$ millions (TIV) per 100,000 population.The trend-indicator value is based on the known unit production cost of Peace Research a core set of weapons and does not reflect the financial value of the Institute exports. Small arms, light weapons, ammunition and other support material are not included. Values were calculated using a 5-year average on the latest ten years of data. Reporters sans frontieres World Justice Project Degree of freedom available to journalists in 180 countries and regions, determined by pooling the responses of experts to a questionnaire devised by RSF. Measures the accessibility and affordability of civil courts, including whether people are aware of available remedies; can access and afford legal advice and representation; and can access the court system without incurring unreasonable fees, encountering unreasonable procedural hurdles, or experiencing physical or linguistic barriers. Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 109 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.4 (continued) SDG Notes Indicator Related „ , Reference _ _, . .. SDG Source Description Target ^ear 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0 -1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0 -1 best) Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) Government spending on health and education (% of 1.a.1 GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, 17.2.1 including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% 17.1.1 of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index 17.18.1 (worst 0-100 best) -17.19.2 2021 2021 2020 2021 World Justice Project World Justice Project UNODC UNESCO 2022 OECD 2020 2021 2022 2019 2022 IMF Tax Justice Network Tax Justice Network Zucman et al. (2019) World Bank Measures whether administrative proceedings at the national and local levels are conducted without unreasonable delay. Measures whether the government respects the property rights of people and corporations, refrains from the illegal seizure of private property, and provides adequate compensation when property is legally expropriated. The prison population is composed of persons held in prisons, penal institutions, or correctional institutions. The sum of public expenditure on health from domestic sources and general government expenditure on education (current, capital, and transfers) expressed as a percentage of GDP. This indicator is based on the World Bank health and education spending datasets, sourced from WHO & UNESCO respectively. Values are carried forward for both health and education, but a value in a given year is only reported if at least one data point is a real observation (not carried forward). The amount of official development assistance (ODA) as a share of gross national income (GNI). It includes grants, soft loans (where the grant element is at least 25% of the total) and the provision of technical assistance and excludes grants and loans for military purposes. There is a break in the series because from 2019, the ODA grant-equivalent methodology is used whereby only the grant portion of the loan, i.e. the amount given by lending below market rates, counts as ODA. Government revenue measured as cash receipts from taxes, social contributions, and other revenues such as fines, fees, rent, and income from property or sales. Grants are also considered as revenue but are excluded here. The Corporate Tax Haven Score measures a jurisdiction's potential to poach the tax base of others, as enshrined in its laws, regulations and documented administrative practices. For countries with multiple jurisdictions, the average value across the jurisdictions was assigned to the country. The Index measures the contribution of each jurisdiction to financial secrecy, on a scale from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). It is calculated using qualitative data to prepare a secrecy score for each jurisdiction and quantitative data to create a global scale weighting for each jurisdiction according to its share of offshore financial services activity in the global total. For countries with multiple jurisdictions, the average score of the jurisdictions was used. Estimation of how much profit is shifted into tax havens and how much non-haven countries lose in profits from such shifting. Based on macroeconomic data known as foreign affiliates statistics. Negative values indicate profit shifting. The Statistical Performance Index is a weighted average of the statistical performance indicators that evaluate the performance of national statistical systems. It aggregates five pillars of statistical performance: data use, data services, data products, data sources, and data infrastructure. Source: Authors'analysis *Wofe.-The inclusion of an indicator on export of major conventional weapons should not be interpreted as a value judgment on the context of current conflicts but rather as an effort to evaluate more generally the trend towards disarmament recognized by the UN and civil society organizations as an important priority for peace, socio-economic stability and sustainable development (UN Office for Disarmament Affairs, 2018; Amnesty International, 2008). 110 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.5 Indicator thresholds and justifications for optimal values SDG Indicator Optimum (value = 100) Green Yellow Orange Red Lower bound Justification for optimum 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPP, %) 0 <2 213 72.6 SDG Target 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPP, %) 0 <2 213 51.5 SDG Target 1 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.1 <10 1015 17.7 Average of best performers 2 Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 <7.5 7.5 15 42.3 SDG Target 2 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0 <7.5 7.5 15 50.2 SDG Target 2 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0 <5 510 16.3 SDG Target 2 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 2.8 <10 10 < x < 17.5 17.525 35.1 Average of best performers 2 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.04 <2.2 2.22.4 2.45 Average of best performers 2 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7 >2.5 2.5>x>2 2 > x > 1.5 < 1.5 0.2 Average of best performers 2 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0 <0.3 0.3 < x < 0.5 0.5 < x < 0.7 >0.7 1.2 Technical Optimum 2 Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77 >75 75 > x > 62.5 62.5 > x > 50 <50 28 Average of best performers 2 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0 <1 1 50 250 Technical Optimum 3 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 3.4 <70 70 140 814 Average of best performers 3 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.1 <12 12 < x < 15 15 < x < 18 >18 39.7 Average of best performers 3 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 <25 2550 130.1 Average of best performers 3 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 0 <10 1075 561 SDG Target 3 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0 <0.2 0.2 < x < 0.6 0.6 < x < 1 >1 5.5 SDG Target 3 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.3 <15 1525 31 Average of best performers 3 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 0 <18 18 150 368.8 Technical Optimum 3 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.2 <8.4 8.4 16.8 33.7 Average of best performers 3 Life expectancy at birth (years) 83 >80 80 > x > 75 75 > x > 70 <70 54 Average of best performers 3 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.5 <25 2550 139.6 Average of best performers 3 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100 >98 98 > x > 94 94 > x > 90 <90 23.1 Leave no one behind 3 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 100 >90 90 > x > 85 85 > x > 80 <80 41 Leave no one behind 3 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 100 >80 80 > x > 70 70 > x > 60 <60 38.2 Leave no one behind 3 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.6 >6 6>x>5.5 5.5 > x > 5 <5 3.3 Average of best performers 3 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 0 <3 37 11 Leave no one behind Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 111 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.5 (continued) SDG Indicator Optimum (value = 100) Green Yellow Orange Red Lower bound Justification for optimum 3 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 0 <20 20 < x < 30 30 < x < 40 >40 45 Leave no one behind 3 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 10.1 <18 1832 35 Average of best performers 4 Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 100 >90 90 > x > 80 80 > x > 70 <70 35 SDG Target 4 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 100 >97 97 > x > 88.5 88.5 > x > 80 <80 53.8 SDG Target 4 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100 >90 90 > x > 82.5 82.5 > x > 75 <75 18 SDG Target 4 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100 >95 95 > x > 90 90 > x > 85 <85 45.2 Leave no one behind 4 Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 52.2 >40 40 > x > 25 25>x>10 <10 0 Average of best performers 4 PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 525.6 >493 493 > x > 446.5 446.5 > x > 400 <400 350 Average of best performers 4 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 8.3 < 10.5 10.5 20 21.4 Average of best performers 4 Underachieves in science (% of 15-year-olds) 10 <15 1530 48 Average of best performers 5 Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 100 >80 80 > x > 70 70 > x > 60 <60 17.5 Leave no one behind 5 Modeled estimate: Demand for family planning satisfied by any modern method 100 >80 80 > x > 70 70 > x > 60 <60 17.5 Technical Optimum 5 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100 >98 98 > x > 86.5 86.5 > x > 75 <75 41.8 SDG Target 5 Ratio of female-to-male laborforce participation rate (%) 100 >70 70 > x > 60 60 > x > 50 <50 21.5 SDG Target 5 Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 50 >40 40 > x > 30 30 > x > 20 <20 1.2 SDG Target 5 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 0 <8 820 36.7 Technical Optimum 6 Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100 >98 98 > x > 89 89 > x > 80 <80 40 Leave no one behind 6 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100 >95 95 > x > 85 85 > x > 75 <75 9.7 Leave no one behind 6 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 12.5 <25 25 < x < 50 50 < x < 75 >75 100 Technical Optimum 6 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100 >50 50>x>37.5 37.5>x>25 <25 15 Technical Optimum 6 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H20 eq/capita) 100 <1000 1000 4000 11000 Average of best performers 6 Population using safely managed water services (%) 100 >95 95 > x > 87.5 87.5 > x > 80 <80 10.5 Leave no one behind 6 Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 100 >90 90 > x > 77.5 77.5>x>65 <65 14.1 Leave no one behind 7 Population with access to electricity (%) 100 >98 98 > x > 89 89 > x > 80 <80 9.1 Leave no one behind 7 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100 >85 85 > x > 67.5 67.5>x>50 <50 2 Average of best performers 7 C02 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0 <1 11.5 5.9 Technical Optimum 7 Renewable energy share in total final energy 55 >32 32>x>21 21 >x>10 <10 3 Average of best consumption ( 112 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.5 (continued) SDG Indicator Optimum (value = 100) Green Yellow _ . Lower Justification for Orange Red . . 3 bound optimum 8 Adjusted GDP growth (%) 8 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other 8 financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 8 15+) g Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) „ Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 8 Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 9 Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 9 Population using the internet (%) g Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) g Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) g The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) g Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (%ofGDP) 9 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) g Triadic patent families filed (per million population) g Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) g Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 10 Gini coefficient 10 Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 5 0 100 0.5 0.85 0 0 77.8 8.1 100 100 100 3.8 50 1.2 3.7 15.6 115.7 0 50 27.5 0.9 3.2 0 6.3 >0 <4 <5 >0.7 <1 <20 >60 <10 >90 >80 >75 >3 >30 >0.7 >1.5 >8 >20 <7 >30 <30 <1 <5 <5 <10 0>x >-1.5 4 80 80 > x > 65 5 x > 0.6 1 x > 55 10 x > 75 80 > x > 65 75>x>57.5 3>x>2.5 30>x> 15 0.7 >x> 0.375 1.5 > x > 1.25 8>x>7.5 20>x> 15 7 < x < 26 30 > x > 25 30 < x < 35 1 x>-3 <-3 710 65 > x > 50 < 50 7.5 x > 0.5 1.75 x > 50 12.5 < x < 15 75 > x > 60 65 > x > 50 57.5>x>40 2.5>x>2 15>x>0 0.375 > x > 0.05 1.25 > x > 1 7.5>x>7 15 >x > 10 26 < x < 45 25 > x > 20 35 < x < 40 1.15 10 <0.5 >2.5 >250 <50 >15 <60 <50 <40 <2 <0 <0.05 <1 <7 <10 >45 <20 >40 >1.3 >25 >25 >25 -14.7 22 Average of best performers Leave no one behind 8 Technical Optimum 25.9 0.3 300 50 28.2 35 2.2 1.4 1.6 0 0 0 0.8 0.1 63.6 15 63 2.5 45.7 90 87 Average of best performers Average of best performers 6 Technical Optimum Technical Optimum Average of best performers Average of best performers Leave no one behind Leave no one behind Leave no one behind Average of best performers Average of best performers Average of best performers Average of best performers Average of best performers Average of best performers Leave no one behind Leave no one behind Average of best performers Average of best performers Average of best performers Leave no one behind Average of best performers Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 113 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.5 (continued) SDG Indicator Optimum (value = 100) Green Yellow Orange Red Lower bound Justification for optimum 11 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100 >98 98 > x > 86.5 86.5 > x > 75 <75 6.1 Leave no one behind 11 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 82.6 >72 72>x>57.5 57.5>x>43 <43 21 Average of best performers 11 Population with rent overburden (%) 4.6 <7 717 25.6 Average of best performers 11 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 98 >90 90 > x > 70 70 > x > 50 <50 15 Average of best performers 12 Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.1 <1 1 2 3.7 Average of best performers 12 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 <5 510 23.5 Average of best performers 12 Production-based S02 emissions (kg/capita) 0 <30 30 < x < 65 65 100 525 Average of best performers 12 S02 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0 <5 510 30 Technical Optimum 12 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 2 <20 20 < x < 35 35 < x < 50 >50 100 Average of best performers 12 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0 <10 10 < x < 15 1520 70 Technical Optimum 12 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0 <1 15 12 Technical Optimum 12 Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 <0.8 0.8 < x < 0.9 0.9 < x < 1 >1 1.5 Average of best performers 13 C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tC02/capita) 0 <2 24 20 Technical Optimum 13 C02 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0 <0.5 0.5 < x < 1 1 < x < 1.5 >1.5 4.5 Technical Optimum 13 C02 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0 < 100 100 8000 44000 Technical Optimum 13 Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tC02 (%, worst 0-100 best) 100 >70 70 > x > 50 50 > x > 30 <30 0 Technical Optimum 1 a Mean area that is protected in marine sites 100 >85 85 > x > 75 75 > x > 65 <65 n Technical Optimum I h important to biodiversity (%) u 14 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 100 >80 80 > x > 75 75 > x > 70 <70 28.6 Technical Optimum 14 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 0 <25 2550 90.7 Technical Optimum 14 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1 <7 760 90 Average of best performers 14 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0 <5 515 20 Technical Optimum 14 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0 <0.2 0.2 < x < 0.6 0.6 < x < 1 >1 2 Technical Optimum 15 Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 100 >85 85 > x > 75 75 > x > 65 <65 0 Technical Optimum 15 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100 >85 85 > x > 75 75 > x > 65 <65 0 Technical Optimum 15 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 1 >0.9 0.9 > x > 0.85 0.85 > x > 0.8 <0.8 0.6 Technical Optimum 15 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0 <0.05 0.05 < x < 0.275 0.275 < x < 0.5 >0.5 1.5 SDG Target 114 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.5 (continued) SDG Indicator Optimum (value = 100) Green Yellow Orange Red Lower bound Justification for optimum 15 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0 <1 13 10 Technical Optimum 16 Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.3 <1.5 1.5 4 38 Average of best performers 16 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7 <30 30 < x < 40 40 < x < 50 >50 75 Average of best performers 16 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%) 90 >70 70 > x > 60 60 > x > 50 <50 33 Average of best performers 16 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100 >98 98 > x > 86.5 86.5 > x > 75 <75 11 Leave no one behind 16 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.6 >60 60 > x > 50 50 > x > 40 <40 13 Average of best performers 16 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 0 <2 210 39.3 Leave no one behind 16 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0 <1 12.5 3.4 Technical Optimum 16 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 90 >70 70 > x > 60 60 > x > 50 <50 40 Average of best performers 16 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.75 >0.65 0.65 > x > 0.575 0.575 > x > 0.5 <0.5 0.1 Average of best performers 16 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0 -1 best) 0.85 >0.7 0.7 > x > 0.55 0.55 > x > 0.4 <0.4 0.15 Average of best performers 16 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0 -1 best) 0.85 >0.7 0.7 > x > 0.6 0.6 > x > 0.5 <0.5 0.4 Average of best performers 16 Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 25 < 100 100250 475 Average of best performers 17 Government spending on health and education (%ofGDP) 15 >10 10>x>7.5 7.5>x>5 <5 0 Average of best performers 17 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 1 >0.7 0.7 > x > 0.525 0.525 > x > 0.35 <0.35 0.1 Average of best performers 17 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (%ofGDP) 40 >30 30 > x > 23 23>x>16 <16 10 Average of best performers 17 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 40 <60 60 < x < 65 65 < x < 70 >70 100 Average of best performers 17 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 42.7 <45 45 < x < 50 50 < x < 55 >55 76.5 Average of best performers 17 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0 >0 0>x>-15 -15>x>-30 <-30 -70 Technical Optimum 17 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 100 >80 80 > x > 65 65 > x > 50 <50 25 Technical Optimum 5ou/re: Authors'analysis Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 115 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.6 Indicators used for SDG Trends and period fortrend estimation SDG Indicator Period covered Notes 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPP, %) 2015-2023 1 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPP, %) 2015-2023 1 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 2015-2020 OECD only 2 Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2015-2020 2 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2015-2022 2 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2015-2021 2 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 2013-2016 2 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2014-2017 2 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2015-2021 2 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 2015-2018 3 Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 2015-2020 3 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2015-2021 3 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2015-2021 3 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 2015-2021 3 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 2015-2021 3 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 2015-2019 3 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2015-2019 3 Life expectancy at birth (years) 2015-2019 3 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2015-2020 3 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 2015-2020 3 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 2015-2021 3 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 2015-2019 3 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 2015-2022 3 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2015-2021 OECD only 3 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 2015-2020 OECD only 3 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 2015-2021 OECD only 4 Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 2015-2021 4 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 2015-2021 4 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 2015-2021 4 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 2015-2021 4 Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 2015-2021 OECD only 4 PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 2015-2018 OECD only 4 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 2015-2018 OECD only 4 Underachieves in science (% of 15-year-olds) 2015-2018 OECD only 116 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus A.3 Methodology (overview) Table A.6 (continued) SDG Indicator Period covered Notes 5 Demand forfamily planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 2015-2022 5 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 2015-2021 5 Ratio of female-to-male laborforce participation rate (%) 2015-2022 5 Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2015-2021 5 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 2015-2021 OECDonly 6 Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 2015-2020 6 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 2015-2020 6 Population using safely managed water services (%) 2015-2020 OECDonly 6 Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 2015-2020 OECDonly 7 Population with access to electricity (%) 2015-2020 7 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 2015-2020 7 C02 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2015-2019 7 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 2015-2019 8 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service 2014-2021 provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 8 Unemployment rate (% of total laborforce, ages 15+) 2015-2023 Global only 8 Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 2015-2021 8 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 2015-2018 8 Employment-to-population ratio (%) 2015-2022 OECDonly 8 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 2015-2021 OECDonly 9 Population using the internet (%) 2015-2021 9 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 2015-2021 9 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure 9014-9018 (worst 1-5 best) ^.yj I ^ ^.yj I o 9 Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2015-2021 9 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2015-2020 9 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 2015-2020 OECDonly 9 Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 2015-2020 OECDonly 9 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 2015-2020 OECDonly 9 Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 2014-2018 OECDonly 10 Gini coefficient 2015-2020 10 Palma ratio 2015-2020 10 Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 2015-2020 OECDonly 11 Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 2016-2020 11 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 2015-2019 11 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 2015-2020 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus 117 Annex. Methods Summary and Data Tables Table A.6 (continued) SDG Indicator Period covered Notes 11 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 2015-2022 11 Population with rent overburden (%) 2015-2019 OECD only 12 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 2015-2018 12 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2015-2018 12 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2016-2021 12 Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 2015-2021 OECD only 13 C02 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tC02/capita) 2015-2021 13 CC_ emissions embodied in imports (tCC_/capita) 2015-2018 13 Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tC02 (%, worst 0-100 best) 2015-2018 OECD only 14 Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 2015-2022 14 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 2015-2022 14 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 2015-2018 14 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 2015-2019 14 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2015-2019 15 Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 2015-2022 15 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 2015-2022 15 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 2015-2023 15 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 2015-2021 16 Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2015-2021 16 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 2015-2020 16 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%) 2015-2022 16 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 2015-2022 16 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 2015-2023 16 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 2015-2021 16 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 2015-2021 16 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 2015-2021 16 Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 2015-2020 OECD only 17 Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 2015-2021 1 7 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including imo inn I / official development assistance (%of GNI) zuiy—zuzz 17 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (%of GDP) 2015-2020 17 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 2018-2022 OECD only 17 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 2015-2019 OECD only 17 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 2016-2022 Source: Authors'analysis 118 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus References References Alsamawi, A., Murray, J., Lenzen, M., and Reyes, R. 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Available from: http://aidsinfo.unaids. 120 Sustainable Development Report 2023 »** Implementing the SDG Stimulus Part 5 Country Profiles AFGHANISTAN Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 158 /166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7aff0rdableaii] clean energt q zero C hunger B q deceniworkand 0 eihnmic growth ■if B \k LIFE 14 beldwwher B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.,-- SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15 / SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 SDG ■-. 3 r IM I Afghanistan SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 q good health 0 and well-being ■ B g NusmmMim I 13 * Hi 1c peace. justice ID and strong 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Afghanistan ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.0 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 58.0 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 122 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus AFGHANISTAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 54.6 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 77.3 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 29.8 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 33.1 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.1 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.5 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 X Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.2 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 620.4 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34.1 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 55.7 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 189.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 35.3 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 265.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.2 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 62.0 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 61.8 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 63 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 37 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 1.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 58.3 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 55.9 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 42.1 2015 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 67.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 24.7 2020 • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.0 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 75.1 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 50.5 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 54.8 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 453.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 97.7 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 33.2 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 8.8 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.5 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -15.1 2021 • • 22.2 2018 • • 9.7 2021 • + 1 1.7 2020 • • 0.4 2021 • : 0.0 2018 • ^ 5.8 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 50.4 2022 18.4 2020 18.5 2021 1.8 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCQ/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 73.3 2020 55.0 2019 41.9 2020 22.0 2022 0.4 2016 0.6 2019 1.7 2018 0.1 2018 9.2 2018 2.8 2018 0.0 2019 0.3 2021 0.1 2018 37.7 2019 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 46.4 2022 60.9 2022 0.84 2023 0.0 2021 0.0 2018 4.0 2021 31.3 2014 52 2022 42.3 2015 24 2022 13.0 2020 0.0 2021 39.8 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 4.1 2020 NA NA 13.0 2017 0 2021 58.0 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 123 ALBANIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 54/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt t 71 q zero C hunger a q deceniworkand 0 eihnmic growth ■if \k LIFE 14 beldwwher STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q good health 0 and well-being ■ D g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Albania SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c peace. justice id and strong m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Albania ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.4 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-h- 100 -I-h- 83.4 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 124 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ALBANIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.6 2023 1.0 2023 • * 3.9 2020 8.3 2022 1.6 2017 • 21.7 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 5.1 2021 • 1.0 2018 • NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 8.3 2020 • ^ 7.1 2021 • ^ 9.5 2021 • 1» 17.0 2021 • ^ 0.0 2021 • 1» 11.4 2019 • 92.5 2019 • 1 1.7 2019 • 78.0 2019 • 14.2 2019 • 99.8 2018 • 87 2021 « 5.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 81.4 2021 « 92.2 2021 94.9 2021 • 99.4 2021 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 6.3 2017 • ^ 107.0 2021 • 1» 78.5 2022 • 1» 35.7 2021 • 1» 95.1 2020 99.3 2020 • 6.8 2019 • 1.9 2020 • 2,528.0 2018 • 100.0 2020 • T 81.3 2020 • 1» 0.9 2019 • ^ 40.2 2019 • 1* 0.7 2021 • • 6.9 2018 • • 44.2 2021 • ^ 12.5 2023 • 4 0.5 2021 • ^ 0.1 2018 • ^ 26.9 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 96.3 2022 • • 79.3 2021 • 1» 72.0 2021 • 1» 2.3 2018 • • 0.0 2022 • • 0.3 2021 • : 0.2 2008 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 30.8 2019 • 1» 1.1 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 2.8 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 17.5 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 83.7 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 48.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2019 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 3.9 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.4 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 39.3 2018 • # Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 14.3 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.9 2016 • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.6 2021 • * 71 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.5 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 67.3 2022 • 78.1 2022 • * NA NA • • 75.2 2019 • 23.8 2019 • 0.0 2018 • • 48.7 2022 • 96.6 2022 • * 0.83 2023 • 0.0 2021 • * 0.6 2018 • • 2.3 2021 • 50.4 2020 • 66 2022 • * 98.4 2018 • • 36 2022 • 3.3 2010 • • 0.0 2011 • • 57.9 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 0.4 2021 • 6.0 2020 • NA NA • • 23.9 2020 • 0 2021 • • 83.4 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 125 ALGERIA Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 71 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7AFH«MBl£*m clean energt q zero C hunger B q deceniworkand 0 ehm*« growth ■if \k LIFE 14 beumwher STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q good health 0 and well-being ■ B g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Algeria SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c peace. justice ID and strong 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement JVofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Algeria ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.9 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F 63.2 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 126 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ALGERIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.9 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.8 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.7 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 27.4 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 77.7 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15.6 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 54.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 13.9 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 49.8 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.9 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 77.1 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.0 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 80 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 75 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.5 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 67.3 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.4 2022 tower secondary completion rate (%) 82.9 2019 titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 74.0 2019 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 66.3 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 91.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 25.6 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8.1 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 86.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 137.9 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 33.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 801.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.8 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.7 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.2 2019 • ^7 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.7 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 44.1 2021 • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1 1.6 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 1 1.0 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 86.2 2022 • • 70.8 2021 • 1» 97.1 2021 2.4 2018 30.3 2022 0.2 2021 0.5 2017 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 27.6 2011 1.0 2011 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 13.3 2020 41.3 2019 76.1 2020 42.0 2022 0.8 2016 7.1 2019 2.1 2018 1.0 2018 13.5 2018 7.0 2018 0.0 2017 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCycapita) 0.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 3,160.6 2017 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 74.5 2022 45.7 2022 19.6 2018 21.9 2019 12.9 2019 0.0 2018 43.5 2022 78.9 2022 0.91 2023 0.9 2021 0.3 2018 1.6 2021 12.0 2019 58 2022 99.6 2019 33 2022 2.5 2019 0.0 2016 45.7 2023 0.6 2021 0.5 2021 0.5 2021 1 1.0 2020 NA NA 40.4 2011 0 2021 63.2 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 127 ANDORRA Western Europe OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 71 deceniworkand i econmc growth 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data q good health 0 andweil-oeing ■ g NusmmMim I «0 clmate 10 action Hi 1c peace. justice ID ahdstrong SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......m......L SDG .. 2 SDG 15 j SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Andorra SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Andorra INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- na 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 55% 128 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ANDORRA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 25.6 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) NA NA • • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.4 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 2.9 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) NA NA # • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) NA NA Life expectancy at birth (years) NA NA # Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.7 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2017 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) NA NA • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.6 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 46.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) NA NA Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 18.4 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) NA NA Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 97.9 2022 • • 93.9 2021 1 12.3 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.4 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 1 1.2 2019 100.0 2020 NA NA 1.4 2012 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 15.6 2021 5.8 2021 NA NA 0.5 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 26.2 2022 NA NA 0.91 2023 0.0 2021 0.6 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2020 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 46.0 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 75.1 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.5 2021 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 61 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 129 ANGOLA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 155 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 50 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7aff0rdadleahi clean energt q zero C hunger B 0 decent work and 0 ecqndhc growth ill B \k LIFE 14 beumwher B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q good health 0 and well-being ■ g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c peace. justice ID and strong I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Angola ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 53.5 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 130 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ANGOLA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 30.9 2023 4 > 4- Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 46.9 2023 4 > * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 20.8 2020 4 > 4- Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 43.6 2022 4 > + Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.9 2015 4 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.2 2016 4 > ■» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 4 » 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.0 2021 4 > ■» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 4 > ■» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 4 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 221.9 2020 4 > 71 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26.6 2021 4 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 69.4 2021 4 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 325.0 2021 4 > ■» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.5 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 22.3 2019 4 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 142.8 2019 4 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.1 2019 4 > 4- Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.1 2019 4 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 163.0 2014 4 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 49.6 2016 4 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 36 2021 4 > + Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 39 2019 4 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.8 2014 4 65.2 2016 81.6 2011 20.7 2011 82.8 2021 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand forfamily planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) BB Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 60.7 2021 Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 94.8 2022 Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 29.5 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 57.2 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 51.7 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.9 2019 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 493.2 2018 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 46.9 2020 50.2 2020 1.6 2019 8.8 2019 -8.4 2021 7.2 2018 29.3 2014 10.1 2023 0.5 2021 0.0 2018 9.2 2018 71 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 55.6 2022 32.6 2021 21.2 2021 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2016 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 51.3 2018 3.4 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 62.6 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 59.5 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 32.0 2014 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2012 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 4.2 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 1.8 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.6 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 8.6 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 66.6 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 53.5 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 1 1.5 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 27.2 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 9.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 28.1 2022 42.8 2022 0.93 2023 0.2 2021 0.6 2018 4.1 2016 48.0 2016 46 2014 25.0 2016 33 2022 18.7 2016 0.0 2021 48.3 2023 0.5 2021 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 3.6 2020 NA NA 21.8 2019 0 2021 53.5 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 131 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt n 7 affordable and / clean energy Q q zero Ĺ hunger B Q decent work and 0 econdhc growth B \k LIFE 14 delow water B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data q goodhealth 0 andwelldeing ■ B n g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Antigua and \ Barbuda SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 "........................" SDG SDG """...........................""' SDG 10 s^ 8 " SDG 6 Hi 1c peace. justice ID andstrong 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Antigua and Barbuda INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 48.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 32% 132 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 18.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.1 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 21.3 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.1 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.9 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 17.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 19.3 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.5 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 30.4 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.0 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 72 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 91.1 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.0 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 103.4 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods , (% of females aged 15 to 49) 76.6 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11.1 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.7 2017 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 87.5 2017 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 15.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.6 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.9 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -6.4 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 100.0 2022 • • 95.7 2021 51.5 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.3 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2012 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 12.7 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCycapita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 18.8 2022 59.2 2022 20.7 2018 0.0 2019 0.0 2019 0.9 2018 14.0 2022 NA NA 0.88 2023 0.1 2021 0.3 2018 17.2 2021 38.5 2016 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA 0.7 2021 0.5 2021 0.7 2021 7.2 2021 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 48.2 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 133 ARGENTINA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 51 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7AFH«DÍBl£*m clean energy q ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B q DECENIWORKAND 0 ECONMcmowni Q \k LIFE 14 BEUMWHER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOD HEALTH Ú AND WELL-BEING ■ B n g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 I Argentina SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.4 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 71.8 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 134 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ARGENTINA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 1.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 2.5 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.5 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.7 2018 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 28.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.2 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 44.9 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.1 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 30.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.7 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 29.7 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 14.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 40.9 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 76 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 73 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 100.0 2020 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.8 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.0 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2018 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.3 2019 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 104.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 72.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 44.7 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.0 2016 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 95.4 2016 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 5.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 491.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.9 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.3 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.3 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.4 2021 • • 1.3 2018 • • 71.6 2021 • 1» 6.6 2023 0.6 2021 • + 0.1 2018 • 1" 12.1 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value 92.4 87.2 72.9 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • + 2.8 2018 • 4» 19.2 2022 Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2019 » + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 42.3 2020 » 4- Palma ratio 2.1 2020 » • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 15.9 2012 » • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 12.6 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.9 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2014 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.3 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 1 1.5 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.9 2018 » • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 64.1 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.7 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2017 » • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCQ/capita) 4.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttTIVcapita) 0.6 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 201.7 2021 » • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 45.1 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 86.9 2022 » * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 61.0 2018 » 4- Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 47.7 2019 » 4- Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.0 2019 » ■» Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 » • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 32.3 2022 » ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.0 2022 » ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.84 2023 » 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.4 2021 » a Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 » • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2021 » a Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 44.2 2020 » 7k Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 49 2022 * ■» Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.7 2020 » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 38 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2011 » • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 73.4 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 » * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 » * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 1 1.6 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA » • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 17.5 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 71.8 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 135 ARMENIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 56/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt t q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELl-DEING ■ B g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG ' 11 Armenia cnr:............................. cnr: SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACUUSTICE id ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Armenia ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.4 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 100 -I-h- 82.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 7% 136 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ARMENIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.0 2023 • 1» 3.1 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 3.5 2020 • 7.2 2022 • 4.4 2016 • 20.2 2016 • 2.3 2017 2.2 2021 1.2 2018 • NA NA • 27.2 2020 • 5.6 2021 • 10.7 2021 • 27.0 2021 NA NA • 19.9 2019 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 85.1 2022 • • 78.6 2021 • 1» 90.6 2021 • 1» 2.5 2018 • : 0.0 2022 • • 0.4 2021 • ^ 0.2 2020 • + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 25.2 2020 • 1» 0.9 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 8.4 2020 • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 32.2 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 48.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 74.6 2019 • • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2014 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 5.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.0 2019 • + Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.6 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.0 2019 • 1» SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 18.9 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.2 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2016 • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 12.4 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93 2021 • ^ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • * Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 69 2019 • 1» 5.4 2022 • 1* 38.1 2021 • + 89.3 2021 • 4* 87.8 2021 • ^ 99.9 2020 • 1» 40.2 2015 • ^ 99.8 2021 • ^ 84.4 2022 • 1» 33.6 2021 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 93.9 2020 • 1» 57.8 2019 • • 4.5 2020 • • 1,556.1 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 98.1 2020 • 1» 0.8 2019 • ^ 10.3 2019 • + dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.4 2021 • + 0.6 2018 • + 0.0 2020 • • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • 0.0 2018 • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2021 0 5.3 2018 55.4 2021 • * 13.0 2023 • NA NA • • 0.1 2018 34.5 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 22.6 2022 • -» 30.5 2022 • -» 0.83 2023 • -» 0.0 2021 • * 0.1 2018 • • 2.2 2021 • 57.2 2021 • 83 2022 • 98.7 2016 • • 46 2022 • 7k 4.1 2015 • • 0.0 2021 • • 70.6 2023 • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 5.1 2021 • NA NA • • 24.1 2020 • 0 2021 • • 82.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 137 AUSTRALIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 40/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 *m 1 SDG 15,- SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG ' 11 SDG .. 2 Australia SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG 4 SDG 5 1■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANO WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I 11* Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Australia OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 68.5 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F 100 -I-F 89.9 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 138 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus AUSTRALIA SDG1 - No Poverty Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.3 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 • Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 12.6 2020 + SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 • * Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.2 2007 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 29.0 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.5 2021 # * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 47.7 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 26.1 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 2.9 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.7 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 6.5 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 8.6 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 9.8 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.7 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2019 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 87 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.0 2022 • Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 10.0 2019 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 8.9 2017 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 11.2 2019 # 1* SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 82.1 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.5 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) » 99.6 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 54.3 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 499.0 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 10.0 2018 • * Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 18.9 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 85.6 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31.1 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 15.3 2019 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.9 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 92.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,508.41 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) » 100.0 2020 # Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 74.3 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.5 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.1 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.9 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.3 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population 87.1 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 77.2 2022 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 10.4 2021 • * SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 Population using the internet (%) 96.2 2021 ( » * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 122.7 2021 ( » * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.0 2018 ( infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 9 V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 72.6 2022 » • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 4.4 2021 ( » * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.8 2019 ( Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.0 2010 ( » • Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 14.1 2020 ( Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) NA 32.1 NA ( 2017 ( » • » * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.3 2018 » + Palma ratio 1.3 2020 ( » ■» Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 22.6 2020 < » ■» SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 ( » * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 8.1 92.4 2019 ( 2019 » * » ■» Satisfaction with public transport (%) 60.0 2022 » ■» Population with rent overburden (%) 7.7 2019 » * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 84.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 21.7 2019 ( Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 36.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 10.3 2018 ( » • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 134.4 2018 ( » ■» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 24.4 2018 ( » 7k Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 3.1 2021 ( * * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2019 » • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 15.2 2021 ( » ■» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 3.3 2018 ( » 7k CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 44,281.1 2021 ( » • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 20.4 2018 ( * -» SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 66.0 2022 ( » ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 77.1 2022 » ■» Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 38.8 2018 ( » * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 15.5 8.0 2019 2019 » ■» » ■» Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.8 2018 ( » • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 57.3 2022 ( » ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.6 2022 ( » ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.81 2023 ( » 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 » 4- Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.7 2018 ( » • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.7 2021 ( » * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.2 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 69 2022 » * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 ( » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 75 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 ( » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.7 2021 ( » • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.2 2023 ( » ■» Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 » ■» Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 ( » ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 ( » ■» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 164.4 2020 » ■» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.1 2020 ( » * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.2 2022 ( * 1 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) » * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA ( Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 ( Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 56.2 2022 ( Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 30.2 2019 ( » * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.9 2022 ( » * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 139 AUSTRIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 5 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY ■ 1 q ZERO C HUNGER ■ JrirM B B 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY decent wdrk and i econdhc growth STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 Austria SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Q goodhealth 0 anb well-being ■ B Hi g NusmmMim I iu inequalities .A. B 1c peace. justice id andstrong institutions B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Austria OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 59.8 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 90.0 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 140 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus AUSTRIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 0.3 2023 • * 0.4 2023 10.0 2019 • 2.5 2020 2.6 2022 0.7 2021 • 20.1 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 7.1 2021 0.6 2018 • 70.0 2021 • 20.4 2020 • • 5.2 2020 2.3 2021 • 3.7 2021 • * 5.0 2021 • * NA NA • • 10.4 2019 17.5 2019 4.9 2019 81.7 2019 5.2 2019 • * 98.1 2020 • 85 2021 82 2019 7.0 2022 2.3 2020 -» 20.9 2020 20.6 2019 T 99.4 2020 1" 99.7 2020 # 1* 96.1 2020 • NA NA • • 42.4 2021 • * 491.0 2018 14.8 2018 21.9 2018 + 88.8 2023 95.4 2021 • 83.8 2022 • * 40.4 2021 12.4 2020 100.0 2020 • * 100.0 2020 • 9.6 2019 • • 94.0 2020 • • ,598.15 2018 • • 98.9 2020 • 99.6 2020 100.0 2020 100.0 2020 0.9 2019 33.8 2019 _±_ -1.1 2021 • 1.7 2018 • • 100.0 2021 • * 0.8 2021 • 0.5 2018 • 137.9 2018 • • 72.4 2021 11.4 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 92.5 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 105.3 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 4.2 2018 • * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 54.9 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.4 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.2 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 11.6 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 49.1 2020 • * Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 14.2 2020 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 25.9 2016 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 30.2 2019 • * Palma ratio 1.0 2019 • * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 10.1 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2006 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 11.9 T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 73.0 2022 • * Population with rent overburden (%) 5.8 2019 • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.6 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 18.8 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 11.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 9.3 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 40.4 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 41.3 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 19.7 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2020 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 7.3 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCH/capita) 4.1 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 224.3 2021 • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 47.6 2018 • * SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.9 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.2 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.90 2023 -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • -» Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 4.5 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.7 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 18.5 2020 • * Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 85 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 71 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 77.3 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 94.2 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.8 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.4 2022 • 71 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 56 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 54.6 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 4.7 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 90.0 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 141 AZERBAIJAN Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 53 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFH«MBLE*m CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WBflK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B p g NusmmMim I H71 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17......zffjv SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 I Azerbaijan j SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Azerbaijan ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.4 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-h- 73.5 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 7% 142 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus AZERBAIJAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2023 0.0 2023 • * 2.5 2020 13.3 2022 • 3.2 2013 • 19.9 2016 • 4- 2.2 2017 3.3 2021 • * 0.7 2018 • PI NA NA SDG9_Industry Innovstion and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 54.5 2022 • • 86.0 2021 • 1» 68.8 2021 • 1» 2.7 2014 • • 16.5 2022 • • 0.2 2021 • ^ 0.2 2020 • ^ SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 26.6 2005 • • 1.0 2005 • • 40.8 2020 • ^ 9.5 2021 • 1» 18.6 2021 • 1» 63.0 2021 • ^ 0.0 2021 • 1» 27.2 2019 • ^ SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 26.9 2012 • • 19.2 2019 • a 00.0 2020 • * 67.0 2019 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 125.2 2019 • • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2015 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 8.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 6.7 2019 • 1» Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 5.0 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.4 2019 • ^ SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.9 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 42.2 2020 • 1» Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 26.3 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2020 • 1» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 9.1 2018 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 • 4» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • * Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 65 2019 • 5.2 2019 • a 83.8 2021 • 1» 88.8 2021 • 4> 107.8 2021 • 1» 99.9 2019 • ^ SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 21.5 2006 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 93.7 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 92.1 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 96.1 2019 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 55.6 2019 # • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,028.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 # Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 96.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.5 2019 -» (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.6 2019 • 4- dukj is — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCQ/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttTIVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.7 2021 • 0.4 2018 • * ,187.7 2021 • • NA • NA • NA • NA NA NA NA NA • NA NA • 0.0 2018 • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.7 2021 • • 4.5 2018 • • 28.6 2017 • • 5.4 2023 • 4» NA NA • • 0.0 2018 • 1" 16.7 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 36.6 2022 • 14.5 2022 • 0.91 2023 • * 0.0 2021 • * 0.1 2018 • • 1.9 2021 • a 19.0 2020 • * 82 2019 • • 93.6 2006 • • 23 2022 • 4- NA NA • • 0.0 2021 • • 39.9 2023 • 4- NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 5.9 2020 • a NA NA • • 42.8 2019 • * 0 2021 • • 73.5 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 143 THE BAHAMAS Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 124 /166 60.9 I REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7afforda0leaid CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH Q \k LIFE 14 OELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLDEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I m* Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 The Bahamas SDG 12 SDG 4 SDG 5 / 6 SDG 11 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Bahamas, The OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 53.0 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 54.1 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 19% 144 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus THE BAHAMAS Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) » 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 31.6 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • 77.1 2020 • 7.2 2021 • 13.2 2021 • 12.0 2021 0.2 2021 19.9 2019 • 10.4 2019 • 7.8 2019 • 73.2 2019 • 29.0 2013 • 99.0 2019 • 75 2021 • 70 2019 • NA NA • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.1 2019 • ^ 43.3 2019 • • 86.5 2006 • • 92.2 2010 • • NA NA • • 78.9 2023 • 1» 101.5 2021 • 1» 83.6 2022 • 1» 17.9 2021 • ^ 98.9 2019 • 1» 94.9 2019 • ^ NA NA • • 17.4 2020 • • 1,758.3 2018 • • 100.0 2020 100.0 2020 1.0 2019 1.1 2019 -5.6 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 9.6 2023 • '* 0.6 2021 • 1» 0.3 2018 • ^ 110.0 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 94.8 2022 • • 94.3 2021 97.3 2021 2.4 2018 0.0 2022 0.3 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 16.3 2019 NA NA NA NA 1.9 2015 17.2 2019 78.1 2018 6.8 2018 66.5 2018 76.7 2018 0.3 2019 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 2.9 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2017 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 30.2 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 62.3 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 30.9 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.7 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 29.8 2022 0.0 2022 0.69 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2018 29.2 2021 58.0 2020 NA NA NA NA 64 2022 NA NA 0.0 2015 NA NA 0.6 2021 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 7.4 2021 NA NA NA NA 100 2021 54.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 145 BAHRAIN Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 111 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY ■ 1 q ZERO C HUNGER ■ B B 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY decent work and i econdhc growth STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 11......m.......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 ■ 1 Bahrain SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Q GOOD HEALTH 0 ANO WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Bahrain Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 78.0 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-h- 59.4 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 21% 146 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus BAHRAIN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) » 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.0 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 29.8 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 8.7 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 15.9 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.1 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 68.1 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.2 2019 tife expectancy at birth (years) 75.8 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.5 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 71 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.2 2020 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 70.1 2019 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.7 2019 • tower secondary completion rate (%) 93.5 2019 titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2011 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 58.9 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 51.2 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15.0 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 133.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 88.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 5,166.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.8 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -0.1 2021 • • NA NA • • 82.6 2017 • • 1.4 2023 • ^ NA NA • • 0.2 2018 • ^ 1 17.4 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 99.8 2022 • • 100.0 2021 1 35.2 2021 2.7 2018 4.5 2019 1.0 2021 0.1 2014 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 72.8 2019 NA NA 70.0 2020 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.8 2016 15.9 2019 8.5 2018 7.6 2018 34.4 2018 33.2 2018 0.6 2020 26.7 2021 3.2 2018 NA NA 0.0 2022 57.5 2022 NA NA 1 1.2 2019 17.7 2019 0.0 2018 0.0 2022 NA NA 0.75 2023 NA NA 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 60 2011 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 44 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 30.6 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.6 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * NA NA Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 147 BANGLADESH East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 101 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFH«MBLE*m CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONMC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 Bangladesh SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Bangladesh ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-I- 69.7 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 148 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus BANGLADESH Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 3.8 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 18.9 2023 • Pi SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 11.4 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 26.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.8 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 3.6 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.0 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 123.0 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 16.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 27.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 221.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 18.9 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 143.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.4 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 74.0 2019 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 59.0 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 51 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 90.8 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.0 2018 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 88.0 2018 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 94.5 2020 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.4 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 84.2 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 46.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.7 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 54.2 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.7 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,053.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 96.2 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 25.0 2020 • -» CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.2 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.3 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 1.2 2021 0 3.7 2018 52.8 2021 • * 4.7 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 0.0 2018 7.2 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 77.2 2022 • • 38.9 2021 54.7 2021 2.4 2018 23.6 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 32.4 2016 1.3 2016 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 51.9 2020 59.5 2019 35.7 2020 76.0 2022 0.3 2012 1.2 2019 1.7 2018 0.6 2018 12.4 2018 4.7 2018 0.2 2015 0.6 2021 0.2 2018 NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 34.5 2022 27.5 2022 3.2 2018 15.1 2019 4.8 2019 0.0 2018 41.5 2022 0.0 2022 0.74 2023 0.1 2021 0.0 2018 a * SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.3 2018 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 81.3 2019 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 78 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 56.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 25 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 6.8 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 35.3 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.3 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 2.6 2021 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 8.6 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 69.7 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 149 BARBADOS Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 84 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 " I POVERTY ÍtfftÍ 7affordable and clean energy O zero Ĺ hunger B 0 decent work and 0 econdhc growth ÍÚ B 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS i Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track q good health 0 anb well-being ■ B q H1ETFTWMI» i if AninASTRUEIUE I Hi '.I !' . 16. SDG SDG 17 G 1? Barbados SDG 11 ň n reduced iu inequalities B 40 peace.justice id and strong iirttiiutions B t I Major challenges I Significant challenges I Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 7 SDG '.............................' SDG 10 SDgG 8 ■q resfwsble It. consumption andpidddctrm GO INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Barbados Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 89.0 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX A-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 64.6 oo MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 23% 150 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -m* Implementing the SDG Stimulus BARBADOS Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.4 2020 • 6.0 2022 • 6.8 2012 23.1 2016 • 2.3 2017 • 2.8 2021 • 1.1 2018 • 0.0 2020 • 39.1 2020 • 1» 7.9 2021 • 1» 1 1.9 2021 • 1» 0.4 2021 • ^ 0.2 2021 • 1» 16.0 2019 • ^ 18.8 2019 • 8.2 2019 • 76.0 2019 • 49.7 2007 • 98.4 2020 • 77 2021 • 74 2019 • NA NA • 85.7 2021 • + 95.7 2021 • ^ 101.7 2021 • • 99.9 2014 • • 70.0 2012 • 1 13.1 2021 • 1» 90.3 2022 • 1» 20.0 2021 • ^ 98.5 2020 • 1» 98.1 2020 • 1» 87.5 2019 • • 0.0 2020 • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 1.2 2019 • 1» 4.2 2019 • ^ -7.1 2021 • • 2.7 2018 • • NA NA • • 7.6 2023 • '* 0.7 2021 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 98.2 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 85.8 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 67.4 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA NA NA 0.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 21.6 NA NA 1.7 12.7 NA NA NA NA 2020 2019 NA NA 2011 2019 NA NA NA NA 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 31 1.5 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 2.9 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 68.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 39.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.3 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 0.6 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 1.8 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.89 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 11.4 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 62.7 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.7 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 65 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 1.4 2012 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.2 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 151 BELARUS Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 34/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG ■tttiTik SDG 16.. SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG ' 11 SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 2.5 2020 • T 3.6 2022 • 1» 2.2 2005 • • 24.5 2016 • 4» 2.3 2017 • 3.1 2021 • ^ 1.1 2018 • 4» 0.0 2020 • • 1.1 2020 • 1» 0.9 2021 • 1» 2.7 2021 • 1» 30.0 2021 • 1» 0.1 2021 • 1» 23.8 2019 • ^ 69.9 2019 • • 7.6 2019 • 1* 74.8 2019 • 1 1 1.7 2018 • • 99.9 2020 • 1» 98 2021 • ^ 74 2019 • 1» 5.8 2019 • • 96.1 2021 • ^ 93.6 2021 • 4> 99.9 2021 • ^ 99.9 2019 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 66.0 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.2 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 82.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 40.0 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.5 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.9 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 55.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,053.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 # Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.6 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.6 2019 (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.8 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -0.4 2021 • • 10.9 2018 • • 81.2 2017 • • 2023 • 1» Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 98.7 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 86.9 2021 • 1* Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 94.5 2021 • ^ Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2021 • ^ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2020 • ^ 2.4 2018 • 4« 16.5 2022 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 24.4 0.8 2020 • 1» 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 2.3 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 18.3 2019 m 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) # Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.1 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 57.0 2019 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.2 2015 • 9.3 2019 • 1.7 2018 • 5.6 73.0 19.8 2018 2018 • 2018 • 2021 * 4- dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 6.2 2021 • ^ CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 2.8 2018 • ^ CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 485.7 2020 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • 0.0 2018 • 87.9 2022 • 90.2 2022 • 0.98 2023 • 0.0 2021 • 0.0 2018 • 2.3 2019 • 9.2 2018 • 61 2019 • 100.0 2022 • 39 2022 • 4.1 2019 • 0.9 2021 • 37.2 2023 • 0.6 2021 0.6 2021 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 • 4- Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.2 2021 • * 0.3 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 126.7 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 28.1 2020 • 4- • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 86.7 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 153 BELGIUM OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 9/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15,- SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 16.. SDG SDG \i......m.......1... SDG ' 11 SDG .. 2 qium SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 1 ■ 1 poverty ■ 1 q zero C hunger ■ JiMft B B 7aff0rdadleaid clean energy decent work and i econdmc growth q goodhealth 0 and welloeing ■ B g NustsnHMim I P Hi 1C peace.justice ID andstrong m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Belgium OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 50.6 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 88.9 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 154 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus BELGIUM SDG1 - No Poverty Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend 5 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.2 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 • Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 8.1 2019 • • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.4 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.4 2014 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.1 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.9 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77.2 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 40.0 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.8 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.1 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 8.1 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.3 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.8 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 5.1 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 85 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.9 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.2 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 31.4 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 15.4 2018 # • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 96.8 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.9 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.5 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 50.9 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 500.0 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 20.0 2018 • Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 20.0 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods , (% of females aged 15 to 49) 90.4 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 42.0 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 3.8 2019 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.5 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 54.1 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 68.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 6 802.08 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.9 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 88.8 2020 • * SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 1 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.2 2019 • -» SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 1.5 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.0 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.0 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 138.2 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 65.3 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 11.3 2021 • * Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 92.8 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 93.2 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 4.0 2018 • * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 64.7 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.3 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.5 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 13.1 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 34.8 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 18.3 2020 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 25.8 2017 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.2 2019 • * Palma ratio 0.9 2019 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 10.5 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 12.3 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 7.0 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 95.3 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 20.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 15.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 11.9 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 40.7 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 61.4 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 28.7 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.3 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 5.2 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 4.8 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 33.6 2018 • * SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 96.9 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 58.8 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 40.3 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 34.3 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 75.9 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 85.7 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.98 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 4.7 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2021 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 34.9 2018 • • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 70 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 73 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.3 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 76.5 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 • * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 89.6 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15.5 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2022 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 73 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 52.5 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) -37.8 2019 • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 155 BELIZE Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 107 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt 0 zero Ĺ hunger B q decent worn and 0 econohc growth \k LIFE 14 delowwater B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 iflfiv 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG .. 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 Belize I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 SDG 10 : SDG 6 SDG 7 SDG 9 q goodhealth ú and well-being ■ B n g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C peace. justice ID anbstrong t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Belize Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 88.4 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 61.9 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 7% 156 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus BELIZE Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 16.0 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 27.6 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 7.4 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.0 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.8 2015 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 24.1 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.3 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 10.2 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 129.8 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.4 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 11.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 28.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.4 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 16.5 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 41.0 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.6 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 74.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 55.4 2020 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.6 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 79 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.0 2014 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) tower secondary completion rate (%) titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 43.5 2021 • 91.6 2021 76.5 2021 • 87.2 2001 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 64.9 2015 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 104.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 62.5 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 88.2 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,765.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 97.1 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 82.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.8 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 23.8 2019 • -3.1 2021 • • NA NA • • 48.2 2014 • • 10.2 2023 • + 0.5 2021 • + 0.1 2018 • ^ 26.4 2018 • • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 81.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 62.0 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 44.2 2021 togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA NA NA 0.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 15.7 21.3 96.4 49.0 2020 2019 2020 2014 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 5.8 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 13.8 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.3 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 34.1 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 33.2 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.5 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.7 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 0.6 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 330.2 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.2 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 66.4 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.4 2011 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.8 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 0.2 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 43.3 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 15.3 2022 Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.77 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.9 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 31.2 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 57.8 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 50 2014 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 95.7 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 3.3 2013 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.5 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.7 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.6 2017 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.9 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 157 BENIN Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 40/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7aff0rdadieah] clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent work and 0 economc growth B \k LIFE 14 oelow water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q goodhealth 0 andwelloeing ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15 / SDG 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Benin ■ SDG 4 SDG 5 " SDG 6 SDG 11 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C peace.justice ID andstrong 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Benin ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.4 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 62.6 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 158 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus BENIN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 13.4 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 34.6 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 7.4 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 30.4 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.0 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 9.6 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • 1» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.5 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 522.6 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29.2 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 83.5 2021 • -» Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 53.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.6 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 201.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.8 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 108.0 2016 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 78.1 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 68 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 38 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 84.8 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.9 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 36.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 65.0 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 28.0 2017 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 60.9 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 81.5 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8.4 2021 • ^ SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 65.4 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 17.0 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 9.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 462.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 41.4 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 4.0 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 34.1 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.5 2021 • • 5.5 2018 • • 48.6 2021 • 1» 1.6 2023 • 1» 0.6 2021 • • 0.0 2018 • ^ 1 1.5 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 63.5 2022 34.0 2021 33.4 2021 2.5 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.8 2018 1.7 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 67.9 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than ^ 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 48.6 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 40.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) NA NA Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.7 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.5 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 1 1.0 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 bUu 15 — uimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 15.2 2022 NA NA 0.5 2019 0.0 2019 0.0 2018 66.7 2022 0.0 2022 0.91 2023 0.2 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 62.3 2017 55 2022 85.6 2018 43 2022 24.8 2018 0.0 2021 52.4 2023 0.5 2021 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 3.9 2020 NA NA 16.7 2013 0 2021 62.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 159 BHUTAN East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 61 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7affordable*!] clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent worn and 0 econdhc growth ■if B \k LIFE 14 delowwater B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q goodhealth 0 and well-being ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • 22.7 2022 • 5.9 2010 6.4 2016 • NA NA • 3.3 2021 • 0.8 2018 • NA NA • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 62 2019 • 5.1 2015 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 60.0 2020 • 1» 14.8 2021 • 1» 26.7 2021 • 1» 164.0 2021 • ^ 0.1 2021 • 1» 18.5 2019 • ^ 94.3 2019 • • 16.2 2019 • + 73.1 2019 • ^ 8.0 2019 • • 96.3 2019 • 1» 97 2021 • 1» 85.1 2021 • • 97.5 2021 • 1» 85.2 2021 • 1» 97.3 2021 • • 84.6 2010 • 1* 77.3 2021 • 1» 77.9 2022 • ^ 17.0 2021 • 71 97.3 2020 • T 76.5 2020 • : 1.4 2019 • • 0.0 2020 • • 2,455.0 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 80.2 2020 • 1» 0.1 2019 • ^ 12.1 2019 • ^ -3.6 2021 • • NA NA • • 33.7 2014 • • 3.5 2023 • ^ NA NA • • 0.0 2018 • ^ 32.9 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 62.9 2022 85.6 2021 86.2 2021 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.3 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.4 2017 1.6 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 33.1 2019 99.3 2020 75.0 2015 0.5 2007 4.0 2019 7.9 2018 1.3 2018 12.6 2018 18.5 2018 1.7 2012 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.5 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 47.0 2022 34.8 2022 0.80 2023 0.0 2021 0.2 2018 2.5 2020 14.2 2019 63 2015 99.9 2010 68 2022 3.5 2010 0.0 2021 59.3 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 10.4 2021 NA NA 21.2 2020 0 2021 59.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 161 BOLIVIA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 87 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 poverty Mfüff Q 7afh«díble*m c1e/weiiei6t q zero Ĺ hunger B q deceniworkand 0 econmicgrowth ÍÍÍ B \k LIFE 14 beldwwher B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q good health ú and well-being ■ B n g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 20.2 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.5 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 160.9 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13.2 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 24.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 109.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 17.9 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 77.1 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 21.1 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 71.0 2015 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 81.1 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 90.7 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.8 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 89.2 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.6 2020 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 50.3 2016 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 87.8 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 74.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 46.2 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 65.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 720.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 97.6 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 86.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.0 2019 • ^7 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.8 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -4.7 2021 • • 2.1 2018 • • 68.9 2021 • 1» 4.6 2023 • ^ 0.5 2021 • ^ 0.0 2018 • ^ 8.7 2018 • • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 68.1 2022 Population using the internet (%) 66.0 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 86.7 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2009 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 43.6 2.2 2020 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 46.6 19.7 86.7 64.0 2014 2019 2020 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 3.6 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.5 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.7 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 20.5 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.1 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 2,619.2 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 45.4 59.0 0.88 1.0 NA NA NA NA NA 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.2 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 3.5 65.0 47 91.9 31 13.6 2021 2021 2022 2016 2022 2019 0.0 2021 51.1 0.5 0.5 0.4 15.5 NA 23.3 0 71.2 2023 2021 2021 2021 2020 NA 2007 2021 2022 • 1» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 163 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 47 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7affoidableaii] clean energt q ZERO C HUNGER a q deceniworkand 0 ECONMcmowra a STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ D Q NUSmiHMIIIN I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Bosnia and Herzegovina SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Bosnia and Herzegovina Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 89.3 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 70.6 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 8% 164 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.0 2023 • 1» 0.1 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 2.5 2020 • T 8.0 2022 • 1» 2.3 2012 • • 17.9 2016 • + 2.3 2017 4.4 2021 • 1* 1.0 2018 • ; NA NA • • 5.7 2020 • 1» 4.1 2021 • 1» 5.6 2021 • 1» 25.0 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 18.7 2019 • ^ 1 13.9 2019 • • 13.5 2019 • 1» 76.8 2019 • ^ 10.1 2019 • 1» 99.9 2019 • 1» 68 2021 • + 65 2019 • : 5.9 2022 • 1» SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 29.2 2021 • • NA NA • • 94.2 2018 • • 99.7 2021 • • 21.9 2011 • ^ 86.1 2021 • 1» 65.3 2022 26.2 2021 • : 96.1 2020 • ^ 95.4 2018 • • 2.0 2019 • • 1.1 2020 • • 2,518.9 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 45.2 2020 • ^ 1.4 2019 • ^ 37.0 2019 • 1» SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 96.8 2022 • • 75.7 2021 • 1» 56.1 2021 2.4 2018 7.0 2019 0.6 2021 0.2 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 33.0 2011 1.3 2011 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCIVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 4.0 2018 26.8 2019 97.6 2018 40.0 2022 1.0 2015 7.8 2019 49.0 2018 1.7 2018 40.4 2018 17.8 2018 1.8 2021 4.1 2021 0.7 2018 68.8 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA 69.5 2022 NA NA 0.0 2019 1.2 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 37.1 2022 100.0 2022 0.90 2023 0.0 2021 0.5 2018 1.0 2021 27.1 2020 68 2022 99.5 2006 34 2022 NA NA 0.2 2013 65.4 2023 1.6 2021 • 3.4 2018 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 0.4 2021 2021 • a • 4- 79.3 2021 * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • -» 14.6 2023 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.6 2021 Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) NA NA • • 0.1 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 31.1 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 38.0 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 165 BOTSWANA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 1 8/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7AFFHDADLEAH] CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WBflK AND 0 ECQNDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELDW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLDEING ■ B Q NUSmiHMIIIN I 1371 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSIRONG SDG 16, SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., © SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Botswana SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 1 SDG 7 SDG 9 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Botswana Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 86.2 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 61.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 166 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus BOTSWANA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 13.3 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 26.8 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 21.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 21.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.3 2007 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 18.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.0 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2020 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 79.2 2022 • • 73.5 2021 • 1» 94.0 2021 • 1» 3.0 2016 • • 16.5 2022 • • 0.4 2021 • : 0.5 2013 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 53.3 2015 • • 3.8 2015 • • 185.9 2020 • ^ 18.0 2021 • : 34.9 2021 • 1» 235.0 2021 • 4 3.5 2021 • 1» 27.0 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 39.6 2020 • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 22.6 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.4 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 66.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 140.7 2019 Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2010 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.4 2019 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 23.3 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.3 2019 • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.3 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 53.3 2019 • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 27.5 2018 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2017 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 18.4 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 54 2019 • ^ 3.4 2022 • 4» 33.6 2014 • • 91.1 2017 • • 89.5 2018 • • 97.5 2013 • • 2.5 2021 • 0.9 2018 • * 39.9 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 82.1 2007 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 10.8 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 92.2 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 80.0 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.1 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 1.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,518.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 72.0 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 64.7 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.3 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2019 • dukj 15 — uimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • Fish caughtfrom overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 51.1 2022 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -2.5 2021 • 0 3.4 2018 51.0 2017 • • 20.8 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 7k 0.1 2018 27.3 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 52.1 2022 • 0.98 2023 • * 0.0 2021 • * 2.5 2018 • • 10.5 2021 • • 22.2 2016 • • 36 2022 • 87.5 2017 • • 60 2022 • NA NA • • 0.0 2021 • • 64.6 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 7t 0.4 2021 • -» 0.7 2021 • -» 13.4 2020 • * NA NA • • 28.8 2020 • 55 2021 • • 61.2 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 167 BRAZIL Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 50/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS I poverty Mi tí u 7affordable and clean energy o zero Ĺ hunger q decent work and 0 econdhc growth B \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q goodhealth 0 anb well-being ■ B n in g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG r"'"--... 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Brazil SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 1 1 "■■ SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 IU inequalities .A. B 1c peace. justice ID anostrong institutions B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Brazil Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.2 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-r- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-r- 100 I-h- 80.5 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 168 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus BRAZIL Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.2 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 5.3 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.1 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.2 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.1 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.1 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.5 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.4 2018 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 72.2 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 48.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.5 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 28.9 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.1 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 49.1 2019 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.1 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 68 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 75 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 92.9 2020 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.5 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 71.8 2011 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.4 2021 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 89.3 2006 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 105.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 73.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.3 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 90.1 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 52.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 267.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 95.9 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 0.7 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 44.1 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -2.3 2021 • • 1.8 2018 • • 84.0 2021 • 1» 9.1 2023 • + 0.5 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • 1" 6.5 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 93.4 2022 • • 80.7 2021 • 1» 95.9 2021 • 1» 2.9 2018 • ^ 43.2 2022 • • 0.4 2021 « 1.2 2019 • + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 48.9 2020 • ^ 2.9 2016 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 14.9 2016 • • 1 1.8 2019 • 1" 99.8 2020 50.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2018 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.2 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 7.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.7 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 40.2 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.3 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 717.4 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 66.5 2022 64.6 2022 14.1 2018 16.2 2019 33.7 2019 0.0 2018 43.7 2022 28.3 2022 0.90 2023 0.5 2021 0.3 2018 22.4 2020 28.9 2020 48 2022 96.4 2015 38 2022 5.4 2015 0.0 2021 58.7 2023 0.6 2021 0.3 2021 0.6 2021 10.6 2020 NA NA 26.2 2020 0 2021 80.5 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 169 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 102 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 " 1 poverty MM B 7 MTODABHAH / ClfANEHlGY B Q ZERO t HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNOMC GROWTH ■if B 4 i LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS i '.I !' . 16. SDG SDG 17 /m 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG ■, 3 SD' M SD1 13 Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track si >c 1? Brunei Darussalam SDG 4 SD'S 5 SI )G 11 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 0 GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B n Hi n H1ETFTWMI» i 3 AnmusTiEinE i iu INEQUALITIES B *C PEACE.JUSTICE id ANOSTRONG iHsmunoNS B 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges I Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Brunei Darussalam OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 58.8 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 |-I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 64.4 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 18% 170 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -„* Implementing the SDG Stimulus BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.9 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.9 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.9 2009 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 14.1 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2013 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.9 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 44.2 2020 • * 6.2 2021 -» 11.5 2021 -» 61.0 2021 • -» NA NA • • 18.5 2019 19.6 2019 7.5 2019 74.3 2019 9.9 2018 99.8 2017 99 2021 77 2019 NA NA SDG4-ÖI litv FHnratinn Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.8 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.3 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 1 1 1.0 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 76.9 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9.1 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 96.3 2015 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 5.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 13,635.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.8 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 10.9 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.0 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 151.6 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 98.1 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 136.8 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.5 2018 • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 45.1 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.8 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2018 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) » 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 5.1 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.6 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 19.7 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 17.5 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 9.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 10,793.7 2018 • 4- Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 107.3 2018 • ■» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2021 . * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita 23.6 2021 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 4.3 2018 • ■» CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 64,290.5 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 5.4 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 57.7 2022 • ■» Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.9 2019 • ■» Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 14.2 2019 • 4- Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 41.7 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.0 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.85 2023 • ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2021 • a Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2013 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7.1 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (% NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.9 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 60 2020 • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 4.4 2016 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 44.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.7 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.4 2022 • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 171 BULGARIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 44/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.0 2020 • 5.6 2022 • 5.9 2014 25.0 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 6.0 2021 • 0.5 2018 • 0.0 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 7.1 2020 • 1» 3.0 2021 • 1» 6.3 2021 • 1» 17.0 2021 • 1* 0.0 2021 • 1» 24.2 2019 • ^ 62.9 2019 • • 9.2 2019 • 1» 75.1 2019 • ^ 39.3 2019 • ^ 99.8 2015 • • 89 2021 • + 70 2019 • 1» 5.4 2022 • 71 84.2 2020 • + 84.6 2020 • 4* NA NA • • 98.1 2021 • • » 71.7 2023 • 101.8 2021 • 1» 80.1 2022 • ^ 23.8 2021 • ^ 99.0 2020 • ^ 86.0 2020 • ^ 40.1 2019 • • 13.9 2020 • • 10,793.7 2018 • • 99.7 2020 • ^ NA NA • • 1.0 2019 • + 19.3 2019 • ^ 2.9 2021 • • 4.5 2018 • • 84.0 2021 • 1» 4.2 2023 • 1» 0.6 2021 • + 0.1 2018 • ^ 45.5 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value Year RatingTrend 99.2 2022 • • 75.3 2021 • 1» 110.4 2021 • 1» 2.8 2018 • 4» 16.5 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.0 2021 < Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.9 2020 < » + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 40.3 2019 < Palma ratio 1.9 2019 < » • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA < » • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 18.5 2019 < 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) t jn Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.5 2020 < * -» Satisfaction with public transport (%) 43.0 2022 < » + SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2018 < Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1 1.7 2019 < Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 46.3 2018 < SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.3 2018 < » • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 46.8 2018 < » -» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 13.0 2018 < » 71 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.9 2021 < * + SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 6.1 2021 < * ■» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.8 2018 < » 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 24.4 2021 < » • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.7 2022 < Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 56.3 2022 < » 71 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA < » • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 73.2 2019 < » ■» Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.6 2019 < » ■» Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 < » • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.3 2022 < Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.7 2022 < Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.94 2023 < Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 < Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports 1.1 2018 < (per million population) # SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.3 2021 < Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 10.8 2020 < Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 67 2022 < Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 < » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 43 2022 < Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA < » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.2 2021 < Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 63.0 2023 < » + Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 < » -» Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 < » 4- Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 < > * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.1 2020 < For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA < » • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 33.4 2020 < Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 58 2021 < » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.9 2022 < mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 173 BURKINA FASO Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 153 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 52 1 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7AFH«MBLE*m CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I H71 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG . 15/J SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 ■ Burkina Faso I SDG 4 SDG 5 2 VI SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Burkina Faso ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-r- 64.8 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 174 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus BURKINA FASO Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 33.6 2023 63.3 2023 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 18.0 2020 21.8 2022 10.6 2021 5.6 2016 2.1 2017 1.3 2021 0.9 2018 0.0 2020 263.8 2020 25.3 2021 82.6 2021 45.0 2021 0.1 2021 23.9 2019 201.3 2019 31.0 2019 62.7 2019 123.7 2019 79.8 2015 88 2021 43 2019 4.6 2021 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.3 2021 75.1 2021 37.3 2021 65.5 2021 58.2 2020 58.5 2021 79.7 2022 6.3 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 47.2 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 21.7 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.8 2019 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 218.2 2018 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 19.0 2020 10.6 2020 2.1 2019 1.1 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.1 2021 4.5 2018 36.1 2021 5.2 2023 7i SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 51.6 2022 21.6 2021 60.9 2021 2.4 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.2 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 47.3 2018 2.7 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 26.6 2020 45.9 2019 73.5 2020 51.0 2021 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.8 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 18.5 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.8 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 78.8 2022 64.5 2022 0.99 2023 0.0 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 42.0 2016 49 2021 76.9 2010 42 2022 42.0 2010 0.0 2021 67.6 2023 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 0.6 2021 0.5 2021 * t ^ Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.4 2020 • * 0.0 2018 * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional * ^ public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 6.8 2018 * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.8 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 175 BURUNDI Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 147 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7«rnuM0LEAn clean energy q zero C hunger B q decent wdrk and 0 econdmc growth ■if \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q gooohealth 0 anb well-being ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 V Burundi SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1c peace. justice ID andstrong I Major challenges W Significant challenges W Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Burundi ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.6 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 50.7 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 176 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus BURUNDI Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 79.1 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 96.1 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 56.5 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.9 2022 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.4 2016 Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.0 2007 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.5 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 494.4 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 52.6 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 100.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 25.0 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 205.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 35.5 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 63.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 58.2 2015 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 85.1 2017 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.8 2018 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 49.0 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.9 2020 • tower secondary completion rate (%) 30.0 2021 • titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 92.6 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 39.6 2016 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 64.7 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 104.5 2022 • t Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 38.2 2021 • t SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 62.2 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 45.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 181.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 1 1.7 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.2 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.5 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -8.3 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 40.0 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 7.1 2014 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.0 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 • t 1.5 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 68.3 2022 5.8 2021 8.2 2021 2.0 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.2 2018 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 38.6 2013 1.7 2013 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 36.8 2020 37.4 2019 90.9 2020 39.0 2018 0.8 2002 0.5 2019 0.2 2018 0.1 2018 4.0 2018 1.5 2018 0.0 2021 0.1 2021 0.0 2018 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 47.4 2022 55.7 2022 0.89 2023 0.2 2021 0.0 2018 5.8 2016 55.3 2017 66 2018 83.5 2017 17 2022 30.9 2017 0.0 2021 52.1 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.4 2020 NA NA 17.6 2021 0 2021 50.7 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 177 CABO VERDE Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 89/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7affordable and clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent work and 0 econdmc growth B \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 11.8 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.0 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 42.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.4 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.5 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 35.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 17.4 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 91.2 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.8 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 57.4 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.3 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 69 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 81.2 2019 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 92.3 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 71.3 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.7 2021 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 73.2 2005 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 91.7 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.7 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 38.9 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 88.8 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 79.1 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 24.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 94.2 2020 • T 81.0 2020 • 1» 1.6 2019 • ^ 3.6 2019 • + -5.7 2021 • 4.1 2018 NA NA • • 3.5 2023 • NA NA • • NA NA NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 92.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 69.8 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 76.3 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2011 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 42.4 2015 • • Palma ratio 2.1 2015 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 36.5 2019 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.6 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 4.9 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.1 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.1 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 61.9 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 0.4 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.7 2006 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 14.4 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 12.0 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.91 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.2 2020 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.3 2018 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 91.4 2010 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 60 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 75.7 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.3 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 28.8 2017 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 65.7 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 179 CAMBODIA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 103 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7affordable and clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent work and 0 econdmc growth B \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q goodhealth 0 anb well-being ■ B g NUSmiHMIIIN I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 i Cambodia | SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1c peace. justice ID anb strong 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Cambodia ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.0 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 64.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 180 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CAMBODIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.3 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 22.3 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.6 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 3.9 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.7 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 218.0 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 24.8 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 288.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.5 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 163.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 19.6 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 30.0 2012 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 89.0 2014 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 84 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 61 2019 • 71 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 70.5 2020 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 86.5 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 57.7 2021 • 71 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.6 2021 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 56.5 2014 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 74.2 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.7 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 71.2 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 68.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 447.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 86.4 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 36.8 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.8 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 23.5 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.0 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 16.8 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 33.4 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 0.3 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports 0.0 2018 (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports 12.3 2018 (per 100,000 population) SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 69.6 2022 60.2 2021 105.7 2021 2.1 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.1 2015 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 39.7 2020 23.3 2019 79.6 2020 79.0 2022 0.2 2014 1.1 2019 3.4 2018 1.4 2018 20.9 2018 6.8 2018 0.4 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCIVcapita) 0.4 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 51.0 2022 51.7 2022 46.9 2018 61.4 2019 0.8 2019 0.0 2018 54.5 2022 45.0 2022 0.78 2023 2.3 2021 0.0 2018 71 * * * 71 1.8 2011 • • 28.7 2018 • • 61 2022 • * 73.3 2014 • • 24 2022 • 12.6 2012 • • 0.0 2021 • • 42.0 2023 • 0.3 2021 • 71 0.4 2021 • 0.3 2021 • 5.2 2020 • 71 NA NA • • 19.9 2020 • 71 0 2021 • • 64.3 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 181 CAMEROON Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 139 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7affordable and clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent work and 0 econdmc growth ■if B \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 V .,.......©.......... ri Cameroon | SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 q goodhealth 0 anb well-being ■ B p g NUSmiHMIIIN I III 1c peace. justice id anostrgng I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Cameroon ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.0 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 54.5 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 182 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CAMEROON Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 20.1 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 36.7 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 26.9 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.3 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 11.4 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 437.8 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.6 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 69.8 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 164.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.6 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 23.9 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 206.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 30.2 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 122.2 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 69.0 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 62 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 41.2 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.9 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 35.6 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 86.2 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 44.9 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 64.2 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 88.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 33.9 2021 • 7» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 65.7 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 44.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 285.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 64.7 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 21.9 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.0 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 19.4 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.9 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.7 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.0 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 4.8 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 62.6 2022 Population using the internet (%) 45.6 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 38.2 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA 2.6 2018 0.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 46.6 2.7 2014 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 32.7 55.3 49.0 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 10.8 2.3 0.0 2020 2019 2020 2022 2013 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 486.0 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA 28.3 NA 3.2 0.5 0.0 35.5 41.6 0.84 0.3 NA 2022 NA 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.0 2018 4.5 66.8 42 61.9 26 38.9 2020 2020 2022 2018 2022 2014 0.0 2021 45.6 0.5 0.3 0.5 3.8 NA 13.1 0 54.5 2023 2021 2021 2021 2020 NA 2020 2021 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 183 CANADA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 26/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 29.4 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • 71 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.1 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • -» Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 64.0 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 6.9 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 11.0 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.4 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.0 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.3 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 8.1 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.2 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.5 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.0 2020 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best 89 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.9 2022 • Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 11.5 2019 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 11.8 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 9.4 2020 # SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.3 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.7 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) » 100.0 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • hertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 66.4 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 516.7 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 6.4 2018 • * Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 13.4 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 92.4 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.2 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 88.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 30.5 2021 71 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 16.7 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.2 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.0 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 67.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 3,231.93 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.0 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 84.4 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.9 2019 (MtC02/hWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 22.1 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.0 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0.5 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.6 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population 84.3 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.6 2022 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEEh) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 13.7 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) hriadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from ShEM fields at the tertiary level (%) Value Year RatingTrend SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action 99.4 2022 92.8 2021 ( » * 75.1 2021 ( » * 3.8 2018 ( 78.8 2022 3.1 2021 ( » * 1.7 2020 ( » * 9.4 2019 ( » * 17.5 2020 » 71 NA NA ( » • 31.4 2016 ( 33.3 2017 » • 1.0 2020 ( » * 12.1 2020 ( 0.0 2020 4 > * 5.9 2019 4 > * 99.3 2020 4 60.0 2022 > + 9.0 2017 > • 91.0 2022 4 > • 20.2 2019 4 1 • 24.8 2018 4 > • 9.0 2018 4 > • 92.3 2018 4 > * 27.2 2018 4 » 71 4.3 2021 4 NA NA 4 » • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 14.4 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BlhVcapita) 3.3 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1 6,273.3 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 34.2 2018 • • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.6 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 88.8 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 36.3 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 36.4 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.1 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.9 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 30.9 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 23.0 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.96 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • -» herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 4.1 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.1 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 41.2 2019 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 74 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 74 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.3 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.5 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 103.2 2019 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.9 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.4 2022 • 71 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 51.2 2022 • * Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 25.8 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 92.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 185 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 165 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 40 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 ...........©........... H Central Africans Republic , SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa CAR ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.9 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 42.6 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 10% 186 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 68.0 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 84.6 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 52.2 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 39.8 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.4 2019 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 7.5 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 835.3 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31.9 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 99.9 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 540.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.6 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 36.0 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 305.1 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) * Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 37.7 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 53.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 184.4 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 40.3 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 41 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 32 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.5 2017 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 22.4 2017 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.5 2017 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 12.2 2017 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 38.3 2020 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 27.6 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 55.6 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 82.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 37.2 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 14.1 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 404.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 15.5 2020 0.8 2020 1.7 2019 2.6 2019 -7.2 2021 22.3 2018 13.8 2017 6.3 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 3.6 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 48.5 2022 10.6 2021 5.2 2021 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 56.2 2008 4.5 2008 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA 61.7 2019 32.3 2020 25.0 2017 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2014 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 17.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.1 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 74.2 2022 94.8 2022 0.94 2023 0.1 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA NA NA 52 2017 44.8 2019 24 2022 26.9 2019 0.0 2021 57.6 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.4 2020 NA NA 9.5 2020 0 2021 42.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 187 CHAD Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 64/166 COUNTRY SCORE 45 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7afh«mble*m clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent work and 0 econdhc growth ■if B \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 6.1 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1,063.0 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 32.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 107.1 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 140.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.7 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 227.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 32.4 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 59.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 138.5 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 38.8 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 55 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 28 2019 • -» Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.4 2022 • -» SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 16.9 2021 • -» Net primary enrollment rate (%) 77.7 2021 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 19.2 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 35.2 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 17.5 2019 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 40.4 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 68.4 2022 • -» Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 32.3 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 46.2 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 12.1 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 199.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 11.1 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 6.8 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 4.3 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -8.7 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 12.0 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 21.8 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.3 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 3.2 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 36.1 2022 17.9 2021 7.3 2021 2.4 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.3 2016 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.5 2018 1.6 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 82.0 2020 69.6 2019 52.0 2020 53.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2010 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.1 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 44.0 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 67.3 2022 61.4 2022 0.91 2023 0.4 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA NA NA 46 2022 25.7 2019 19 2022 39.0 2019 0.0 2021 53.7 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.8 2021 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 49.2 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 189 CHILE OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 30/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 28.0 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.5 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2020 • • SDG3- uooa neairn ana vveii-Deir Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 15.0 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.3 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.6 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.0 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 17.9 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 14.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 80.7 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 22.6 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2019 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 80 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.4 2022 • Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.8 2021 • * Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 15.2 2021 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 17.6 2020 # T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 97.1 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.4 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 98.8 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.1 2021 • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 40.5 2020 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 437.7 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 14.1 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 35.3 2018 • SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods ( (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 84.9 2023 • 98.1 2021 • 70.3 2022 • 35.5 2021 8.6 2020 • 100.0 2020 100.0 2020 21.6 2019 71.9 2020 1,063.0 2018 98.8 2020 78.6 2020 100.0 2020 100.0 2020 1.0 2019 25.3 2019 -0.3 2021 « 0.8 2018 • 87.1 2021 • 0.7 2021 • 0.1 2018 • 35.7 2018 61.9 2022 • 23.4 2020 • 4» SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 95.6 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 90.2 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 110.8 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.2 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) w V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 40.5 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.0 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2019 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 1.3 2020 Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 0.7 2020 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 7.5 2017 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 18.8 2017 SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 44.9 2020 • 4- Palma ratio 2.6 2017 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 17.6 2017 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.0 2008 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 19.4 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.9 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 57.0 2022 Population with rent overburden (%) 13.9 2017 • • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 90.5 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.9 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 26.8 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 43.8 2018 • ■» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 13.5 2018 • 4- Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2021 Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2018 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 1.4 2018 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 88.2 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 16.9 2018 » -» SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.0 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 86.3 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.3 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.6 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 33.3 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 47.7 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.75 2023 • + Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.1 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 3.6 2021 • ■» Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 32.2 2020 • 4- Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 36 2022 • 4- Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.4 2011 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 67 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 5.9 2012 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD 0.1 2018 per 100,000 population) w w Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 60.1 2023 • 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • ■» Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 4- Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • ■» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 224.5 2020 • 7k SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.1 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional NA NA public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ft # Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 59.8 2022 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 9.1 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.4 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 191 CHINA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 63 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORK AND I ECONHIC GROWTH STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 China SDG ■■ 12 SDG 4 SDG 5 11 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 iu INEQUALITIES .a. ■w B 1c PEACUUSTICE id AND STRONG iNsrmrnoNS B Ha^eI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia China ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 59.6 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 8% 192 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CHINA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.5 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.9 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 6.2 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.3 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 23.1 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.2 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 55.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.9 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 95.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.4 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.1 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2016 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 82 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2021 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 99.5 2011 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 96.6 2001 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 93.3 2021 • 7* Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 24.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.3 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 92.4 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 43.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 9.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 305.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 79.4 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.3 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 3.1 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.8 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 88.7 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.6 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.3 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 8.5 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 85.0 2022 • • 73.1 2021 • 1» 101.6 2021 3.8 2018 81.6 2022 0.6 2021 2.4 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 38.2 2019 3.9 2011 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA 48.6 2019 91.4 2020 85.0 2021 0.8 2019 7.2 2019 18.0 2018 0.5 2018 32.9 2018 4.0 2018 0.0 2021 8.0 2021 0.2 2018 NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 7.1 2022 45.9 2022 25.5 2018 48.2 2019 2.7 2019 0.0 2018 10.1 2022 9.6 2022 0.73 2023 0.0 2021 0.6 2018 0.5 2020 NA NA 94 2021 NA NA 45 2022 NA NA 0.1 2021 23.0 2023 0.7 2021 0.6 2021 0.3 2021 6.6 2020 NA NA 14.1 2020 63 2021 59.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 193 COLOMBIA OECD COUNTRIES OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 76/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16.. SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 22.3 2016 Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 74.8 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.0 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.8 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 41.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.7 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 31.3 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.4 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 79.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 52.6 2020 • 71 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2019 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 15.1 2021 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 8.1 2019 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 13.0 2013 # • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) tower secondary completion rate (%) titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 99.1 2021 98.9 2021 79.5 2020 99.0 2020 30.5 2021 405.3 2018 1 1.5 2018 50.4 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and 1 86.6 2015 • 103.7 2021 • 66.8 2022 18.8 2021 • 4.0 2019 • 1 Energy + 1* Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 93.2 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 2 2019 -» (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 22.8 2019 _±_ SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.9 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.7 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 59.7 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports 0.0 2018 (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.2 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 61.6 2022 • Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 27.1 2021 • 97.5 2020 • * 93.7 2020 • * 4.2 2019 • • 25.9 2020 • • 611.57 2018 • • 73.0 2020 • 18.3 2020 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 70.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 73.0 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 71.4 2021 • * togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.7 2018 • * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 31.3 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2021 • Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2020 • Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) NA NA • • Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 0.2 2020 • -» Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 58.0 2021 • -» Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 33.4 2018 • -» SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 54.2 2020 • Palma ratio 4.1 2020 • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 9.7 2020 • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 15.1 95.1 2019 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) NA NA • • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 85.9 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.3 2019 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 3.5 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.2 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 29.7 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.2 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) NA NA • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.8 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.4 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 5, 480.7 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 24.7 2018 • • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.6 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 67.3 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 51.1 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 26.4 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 15.9 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 58.6 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.5 2022 • 7t Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.73 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.0 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 27.5 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 24.1 2020 • * Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 44 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 96.8 2015 • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 39 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 7.0 2020 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2020 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 45.2 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 7k Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 89.2 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.5 2020 # * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional NA NA public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) * # Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 24.1 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 54.3 2022 • • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 2.2 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 85.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 195 COMOROS Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 154 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 51 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I H71 in 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANBSIRBNG SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 V Comoros SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania Comoros 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 100.0 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- na 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 24% 196 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus COMOROS Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 18.7 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 36.4 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 18.8 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1 1.2 2012 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 7.8 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2007 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 217.0 2020 • Pi Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.8 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 49.7 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 35.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 20.6 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 164.6 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.6 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 38.0 2017 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 82.2 2012 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 82 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.5 2022 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 29.9 2018 • • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 81.8 2018 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 43.7 2017 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 81.2 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 28.8 2012 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 65.6 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 60.4 2022 • -» Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16.7 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 80.2 2019 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 35.9 2019 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 10.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 86.7 2020 • T 8.4 2020 • ^ 2.1 2019 • 1» 3.6 2019 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 55.3 2022 27.3 2021 42.0 2021 2.3 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 45.3 2014 2.5 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 68.6 2018 20.4 2019 76.1 2019 38.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.3 2015 0.7 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.4 2021 NA NA 0.0 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 13.7 2022 35.0 2022 6.6 2018 0.0 2019 52.3 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 57.4 2022 100.0 2022 0.73 2023 0.1 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA 60 2022 87.3 2012 19 2022 28.5 2012 0.0 2021 62.3 2023 -5.1 2021 NA NA • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA NA NA • • • • 21.7 2011 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • 8.9 2023 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.3 2020 NA NA For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 197 CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 159 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 48 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER 100- 90- 80- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG ■\ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 w Dem. Rep. Congo m. Rep SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG " 7 SDG "................... 10 S°G Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANB STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Congo, Dem. Rep. ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.5 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 51.1 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 6% 198 Sustainable Development Report 2023 tc.* Implementing the SDG Stimulus CONGO, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 60.8 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 86.8 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 39.8 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 40.3 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.4 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 6.7 2016 -> Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.0 2007 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.9 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 547.4 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26.5 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 79.0 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 318.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 24.1 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 209.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 34.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 109.0 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 85.2 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 55 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 39 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 22.2 2020 • • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA Lower secondary completion rate (%) 59.0 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 87.9 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 33.0 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 66.2 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.8 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12.8 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 46.0 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 15.4 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 132.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 19.1 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 3.7 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 0.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 6.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -5.3 2021 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 13.7 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 25.8 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.0 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.0 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 49.0 2022 22.9 2021 24.1 2021 2.1 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.4 2015 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 42.1 2012 2.1 2012 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 78.4 2020 42.8 2019 67.4 2020 27.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.5 2016 NA NA 0.6 2018 0.2 2018 2.9 2018 0.9 2018 0.0 2020 0.0 2021 0.1 2018 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA 37.1 2022 NA NA 0.0 2019 0.0 2019 0.0 2018 50.5 2022 52.5 2022 0.88 2023 0.3 2021 0.2 2018 NA NA NA NA 50 2022 40.1 2018 20 2022 14.7 2018 0.0 2021 48.6 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.3 2021 3.4 2021 NA NA 8.4 2019 0 2021 51.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 199 CONGO, REPUBLIC OF Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 151 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 52 I 2^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I H71 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 ■ Congo, Rep. SDG 4 SDG 5 2 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Congo, Rep. ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.6 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 37.5 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 6% 200 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CONGO, REPUBLIC OF SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 37.7 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 59.3 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 31.6 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 16.5 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.2 2014 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 9.6 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.9 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 282.4 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 43.0 2021 # Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 370.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 2.4 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.6 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 170.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.7 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.7 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 111.3 2013 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 91.2 2015 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 68 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 40 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.8 2022 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 29.5 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 84.4 2018 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 63.3 2018 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 82.4 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 43.2 2014 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 82.7 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 97.8 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 11.3 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 73.8 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 20.5 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 8.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,000.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 49.5 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 34.9 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.3 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 13.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -9.5 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.0 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 47.1 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 21.6 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 14.3 2018 Performance by Indicator SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 30.6 8.7 15.8 Year RatingTrend 2022 2017 2021 2.1 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 NA 2021 NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 48.9 3.1 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 44.2 50.1 72.8 44.0 2020 2019 2020 2022 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA 4.0 1.2 0.7 6.6 NA 0.0 1.3 0.3 .020.4 NA 2019 2018 2018 2018 NA 2021 2021 2018 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 65.4 51.9 NA 13.4 4.5 0.0 72.0 65.7 0.97 0.1 2022 2022 NA 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.3 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA 43 95.9 21 NA NA 2022 2015 2022 2015 0.0 2021 60.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 6.4 NA 21.2 0 37.5 2023 2021 2021 2021 2020 NA 2020 2021 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 201 COSTA RICA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 52 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7aff0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening I Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 \ Costa Rica SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 q GOODHEALTH 0 ANO WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I 11* iu INEQUALITIES .a. B 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANOSTRGNG INSTTTUTIONS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Costa Rica Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 76.4 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 89.9 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 202 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus COSTA RICA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.2 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 4.9 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 20.3 2021 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.4 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.5 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.8 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 25.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.3 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 180.0 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 22.0 5.4 7.6 11.0 0.2 9.5 17.8 14.8 80.9 33.3 99.0 7.1 2.5 NA 7.8 2020 • ^ 2021 • 1» 2021 • i» 2021 • ^ 2021 • 4r 2019 • 1" 2019 • 2019 • 2019 • 2020 2019 • 2021 « 2019 2022 • 2021 • NA • 2021 • 98.5 2020 99.9 101.7 99.5 30.3 414.7 17.7 47.8 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Dec 102.2 68.9 45.6 4.7 2022 2021 2018 VUIKCIIIU LIUIIUIIIII. UlUWMI Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 99.8 97.9 5.2 7.2 ,020.4 80.5 30.2 99.9 95.7 0.8 34.2 1.3 68.5 0.6 0.1 54.2 60.1 25.9 2020 2020 201c 201c 2020 • T 2021 • i» 2021 • • 2021 • ^ 2018 • 4r 2018 • jf 2018 • 4> 80.8 2018 • ^ 2021 • 1» 2020 • 2020 • 2019 • 2020 • 2018 • 2020 • ^ 2020 • + 2021 • 2018 • • 4- 2021 2021 2018 2018 • • 2022 • ^ 2021 • 4» SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 95.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 82.8 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 87.3 2021 • Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.5 2018 • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 39.5 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2021 • Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2018 • • Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) NA NA • • Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 0.0 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 18.3 2020 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 32.2 2018 • * 49.3 2020 • 4r 3.0 2021 • jf 22.4 2021 • ^ SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production 3.5 2020 • * 14.8 2019 • * 00.0 2020 • * 69.0 2022 • NA NA • • 93.9 2022 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.0 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 4.7 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.1 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 31.1 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 26.8 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.3 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.5 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 1.0 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.9 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 76.6 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 36.6 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 25.5 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 67.0 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 43.9 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 53.3 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.81 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.6 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 11.4 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 22.4 2018 • • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 45 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 99.6 2013 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 54 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 3.8 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 80.2 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 308.1 2020 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.4 2020 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional NA NA public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) # # Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.7 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 68 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 55.8 2022 • * Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 1.9 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 203 CÖTE D'IVOIRE Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 20/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q g000health 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 *m 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15 / SDG ■-, 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 ■ Cöted'lvoire ■ SDG 4 SDG 5 " SDG 6 SDG 11 SDG 7 SDG "'...........................' SDG 10 s^ 8 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANBSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement /Vofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Cote d'lvoire ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.4 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 62.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 204 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CÖTE D'IVOIRE Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 7.0 2023 • 1» 22.1 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 4.4 2020 • 20.2 2022 • 8.4 2021 • 10.3 2016 • 2.1 2017 • 2.3 2021 0.9 2018 • 2.0 2020 • • 479.9 2020 • ^ 32.3 2021 • ^ 74.8 2021 • : 128.0 2021 • 4 0.2 2021 • 1» 21.7 2019 • : 186.5 2019 • • 24.1 2019 • + 62.9 2019 • : 1 18.8 2017 • • 73.6 2016 • • 68 2021 • ^ 45 2019 • ^ 4.8 2022 • : 22.5 2021 • ^ 96.8 2021 • 1» 58.8 2021 • 1» 83.6 2019 • 1» 46.1 2020 • ^ 81.9 2021 • ^ 78.6 2022 • 1» 14.2 2021 • ^ 70.9 2020 • + 34.6 2020 • ^ 5.1 2019 • • 1.2 2020 • • 406.0 2018 • • 69.7 2020 • : 31.8 2020 • ^ 1.2 2019 • ^ 9.7 2019 • ^ SDG9_Industrv Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 65.1 2022 45.4 2021 79.3 2021 2.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.1 2016 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.2 2018 1.6 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCIVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 53.2 2020 28.3 2019 59.8 2020 40.0 2022 0.6 2010 1.1 2019 1.1 2018 0.5 2018 7.0 2018 3.3 2018 0.0 2020 0.4 2021 0.2 2018 192.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 97.9 2022 40.0 2022 10.7 2018 1 1.9 2019 2.8 2019 0.0 2018 73.8 2022 81.0 2022 0.90 2023 1.0 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 30.7 2020 49 2022 71.7 2016 37 2022 22.1 2016 0.0 2018 68.8 2023 Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) -1.3 2021 5.9 2018 50.8 2021 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 0.4 0.5 2021 2021 2021 • a • 4-» + 2.6 2023 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 « Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.6 2020 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports 12.0 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 12.4 2020 (per 100,000 population) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 62.2 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 205 CROATIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 12 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt t q ZERO C HUNGER 71 Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if 71 \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER * 100- 90- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANO WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG 15., SDG SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 Croatia SDG '■ 12 \ SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 1 1 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Croatia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 75.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 83.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 206 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CROATIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 24.4 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.0 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.9 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.8 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.1 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 31.3 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.0 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.8 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 73 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.6 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.4 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.0 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 98.0 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 64.3 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 95.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31.1 2021 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.7 2007 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 96.6 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 69.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,905.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.3 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 31.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 2.5 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.0 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 91.8 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.5 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 58.4 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.6 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 81.3 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 109.6 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.2 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.2 2020 3.0 2018 22.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 28.9 1.0 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 16.8 95.7 46.0 1.2 11.9 12.8 3.2 37.4 25.4 6.7 4.3 1.2 539.9 82.0 73.3 5.9 13.6 2.8 0.0 100.0 0.90 0.0 2020 2019 2007 2022 2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 2021 2018 2021 2022 2022 2018 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 1.4 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 36.3 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 75 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 50 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 72.0 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 1 1.9 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0 7 7077 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 56 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 207 CUBA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 46/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Cuba SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFDRDARL£AND CHAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 RELOW WATER B q GOOD HEALTH ú ANDWELI-OEING ■ B n g mjsmmm™ I Hi 1c PEACE. JOSTIGE id ANDSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Cuba East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.6 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F na 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 19% 208 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus CUBA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • NA NA • • 2.5 2020 7.0 2022 2.0 2019 • 24.6 2016 • 2.2 2017 2.4 2021 • 0.8 2018 • NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 39.3 2020 • ^ 2.4 2021 • ^ 5.0 2021 • 1» 6.8 2021 • 1» 0.2 2021 • ^ 16.6 2019 • 41.9 2019 • 8.9 2019 • 77.8 2019 • 51.1 2020 • 100.0 2019 • 99 2021 • 80 2019 • 5.4 2006 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 96.3 2021 • ^ 98.8 2021 • 1» 81.9 2021 • + 99.9 2021 • • 86.9 2019 • ^ 101.5 2021 • 1» 60.5 2022 • + 53.4 2021 • 1* 97.0 2020 • 1» 91.4 2020 23.9 2019 • • 1.7 2020 • • 812.6 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 93.8 2020 • 1» 1.3 2019 • 1» 21.4 2019 • ^ NA NA • • 3.8 2018 • • NA NA • • 2023 • 1» SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 97.5 2022 • Population using the internet (%) 71.1 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 33.1 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.0 2018 • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 16.5 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2020 • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 10.5 2020 • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 18.5 2019 m 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) * /* Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 86.4 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 8.0 2006 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2007 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 34.8 2018 • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.8 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.5 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.5 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.0 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCC^/capita) 0.3 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 70.1 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 60.1 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 54.3 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 2.7 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 54.5 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.2 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.66 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2019 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 51 2006 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.8 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 45 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 29.0 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.4 2020 « 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA « » • 15.6 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA « Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 « Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA « mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 209 CYPRUS Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 59/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG Cyprus SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Cyprus OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 51.1 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1— 85.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 210 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus CYPRUS Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.8 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.0 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 68.4 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.6 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 8.2 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.8 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.8 2019 tife expectancy at birth (years) 83.1 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.7 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.3 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 79 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.3 2020 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.6 2020 tower secondary completion rate (%) 81.8 2020 titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.9 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 83.0 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.8 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.4 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 27.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 50.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 9,197.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.0 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.1 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.2 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 93.1 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.9 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 161.3 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 99.9 2022 • • 90.8 2021 81.7 2021 2.9 2018 39.0 2022 4.7 2021 0.8 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 31.2 2019 1.2 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 16.6 2019 99.7 2020 36.0 2022 1.8 2019 16.8 2019 17.8 2018 6.5 2018 35.3 2018 84.5 2018 8.1 2021 buiyij — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 2.4 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 49.6 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 62.5 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 52.1 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.3 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 21.4 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 74.3 2022 36.6 2022 0.99 2023 0.0 2021 1.3 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.3 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.9 2019 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 68 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 52 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 68.6 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.4 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 01 ?0?1 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 85 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 85.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 211 CZECHIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 8/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AHOIDABLEAIII CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q g000health 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I H71 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 26.0 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.1 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 57.9 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 106.8 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 3.4 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.4 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.9 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 14.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 32.5 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 6.0 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79.1 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 9.9 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.7 2022 • * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 4.1 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 44.1 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 16.6 2020 # T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.7 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.7 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 92.7 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • - Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 35.0 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 495.3 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 16.9 2018 • Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 18.8 2018 • * SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 85.7 2008 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 76.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.0 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 11.5 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.1 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 29.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 61.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,226.94 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 97.9 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 85.2 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 2 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 15.8 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.5 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.9 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 94.9 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 38.4 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 74.4 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 11.9 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 < Population using the internet (%) 82.7 2021 < Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 101.9 2021 < Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.5 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 9 V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 32.9 2022 » • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.5 2021 < Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.0 2020 < Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 8.3 2020 < Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 4.3 2020 < Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 36.1 2020 < Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.6 2017 < SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 25.3 2019 Palma ratio 0.8 2019 < Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 8.2 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 < Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 15.3 99.9 2019 < 2020 < Satisfaction with public transport (%) 76.0 2022 < Population with rent overburden (%) 2.2 2019 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 94.2 2022 < SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 15.7 2019 < Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 20.3 2018 < SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 46.3 2018 < Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 21.6 2018 < Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 7.8 2021 < Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2021 SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 9.2 2021 < CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 1.6 2018 < CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 463.7 2021 » • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 30.1 2018 < SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA < » • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA < Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA < Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA < Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA < Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 < SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.7 2022 < » * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 92.1 2022 < Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 < » t Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 < » -» Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.6 2018 » • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 < » t Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 8.1 2020 < » t Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 77 2022 < » t Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 < » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 56 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 < » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 < » • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.6 2023 < Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 » + Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 » 71 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 < 9 -» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 180.1 2020 < » 71 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.2 2020 < » t For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.4 2022 < Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA < » • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 58 2021 < » • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 50.0 2022 » t Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 2.8 2019 < » t Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 90.9 2022 < » t * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 213 DENMARK OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 3 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B O ZERO C HUNGER B 7 «TDRJMBLEAND / CUEJUIEMERfiT Q DECENTWDRXUND 0 ECQNDMC GROWTH ■if B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 \ ■■■ Denmark ^ J, SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I ifl REDUCED IU inequalities .A. B iß PEACE.JUSTICE ID ANOSTRONG iNsnruTiais B 71 Ha^oI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Denmark OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 68.0 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 91.6 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 214 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus DENMARK Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.6 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 6.5 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 19.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.4 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 76.6 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 15.1 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.7 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.5 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.6 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.8 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.8 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 12.9 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.7 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 1.6 2020 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.3 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 85 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.5 2022 • * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.5 2020 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 17.6 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 13.9 2021 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.7 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.3 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) 103.9 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 49.0 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 501.0 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 11.6 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 18.7 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods » 88.0 2023 (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.7 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 5.0 2020 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.6 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 24.9 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,552.902018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 96.7 2020 • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 91.9 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.9 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 37.5 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 1.4 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.6 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 100.0 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 118.8 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.6 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) 10.9 2021 (% of population aged 15 to 29) SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 Population using the internet (%) 98.9 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 141.8 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.0 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) w V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 59.7 2022 » • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 5.5 2021 » * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.0 2020 » -» Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 15.0 2020 » -» Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 54.8 2020 » -» Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 9.8 2020 » * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 34.2 2017 SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.7 2019 Palma ratio 1.0 2019 Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 4.3 2019 » * SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 » * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 9.6 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) m T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 » + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 68.0 2022 Population with rent overburden (%) 16.1 2019 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.6 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 22.4 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 11.7 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 10.2 2018 » • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 80.0 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 46.1 2018 » + Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 5.9 2021 Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2021 SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.1 2021 » * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 4.1 2018 » 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1 ,019.0 2021 » • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 45.4 2018 SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.7 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 69.9 2022 » * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 35.7 2018 » 4- Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 29.8 2019 » 4- Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.2 2019 » ■» Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) _0J_ 2018 » • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 88.6 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.5 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.7 2018 » • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 37.3 2020 » 4- Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 87 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 90 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.5 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 71.9 2020 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15.3 2020 » * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.7 2022 » 4- Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA » • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 56 2021 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 49.0 2022 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 5.6 2019 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 91.6 2022 * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 215 DJIBOUT Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 150 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7affordable and clean energy o zero C hunger B q decent work and 0 econdhc growth ■if \k LIFE 14 belowwater STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q gogb health 0 ano well-being ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 13.5 2016 Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.0 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 234.5 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29.6 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 54.1 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 204.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 22.0 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 177.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 23.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 21.0 2011 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 87.4 2012 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 50 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 48 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.4 2011 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 16.9 2022 • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 66.7 2022 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 55.0 2021 • 71 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 52.8 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 40.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26.2 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 76.1 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 66.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 3,888.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 61.8 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 9.7 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 5.8 2019 (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.6 2021 • • 7.1 2018 • • 12.3 2011 • • 28.0 2023 • NA NA • • 0.1 2018 48.3 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 71.5 2022 68.9 2021 35.9 2021 2.8 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 41.6 2017 2.0 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than ^ 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.1 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 61.0 2011 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2002 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1.0 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 10.0 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.3 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 18.1 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 24.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 1.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 53.5 2022 NA NA 0.0 2019 0.9 2000 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.8 2022 0.0 2022 0.80 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 NA NA 35.8 2018 72 2011 91.7 2006 30 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 35.9 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.6 2020 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 46.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 217 DOMINICA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7aff0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORN AND 0 ECONDtRC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......m.......!... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Dominica SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I in 1c PEACLJLKTICE id AND STRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Dominica INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 44.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 44% 218 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus DOMINICA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.9 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 27.9 2016 • + Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) NA NA • • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 35.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) NA NA # • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) NA NA Life expectancy at birth (years) NA NA # Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 47.1 2006 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.9 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 24.3 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 77.9 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 34.4 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.4 2017 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 80.4 2017 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.0 2020 • T 88.9 2020 • ^ 1.9 2019 • ^ 4.2 2019 -5.4 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 93.6 2022 • • 80.9 2021 67.8 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.3 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA 18.4 2019 NA NA NA NA 0.5 2013 7.9 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.2 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 65.1 2022 NA NA 47.3 2019 16.0 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 33.3 2022 NA NA 0.66 2023 0.1 2021 NA NA 13.8 2021 55.5 2020 NA NA NA NA 55 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA 0.8 2021 0.5 2021 0.5 2021 0.6 2021 • A Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.0 2021 • * NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 41.1 2017 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 44.2 2022 • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 219 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 62 /166 COUNTRY SCORE A™) REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH ú AHB WELL-BEING ■ B n g misminm™ I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG r""---. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Dominican ! Republic SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 III 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANOSIRBNG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Dominican Republic Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.4 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 72.4 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 220 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.2 2023 • 1» Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 3.3 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.2 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 27.6 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.8 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.0 2018 1» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 107.3 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22.9 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 33.0 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 45.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.4 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 19.1 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 41.3 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 64.6 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 72.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 51.0 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.2 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 84 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 66 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.5 2022 • 7k SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 73.3 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.5 2021 tower secondary completion rate (%) 69.5 2021 • titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.9 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.4 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 106.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 68.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.7 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 87.2 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 39.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 5.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,316.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 91.5 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.2 2019 -» Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 6.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.0 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.3 2021 • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.7 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 22.9 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 94.2 2022 • • 85.2 2021 • 1» 66.7 2021 • 1» 2.4 2018 • 4» 0.0 2022 • • 0.0 2021 • ^ NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 39.6 2020 • 1» 1.8 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1 1.2 2020 • 12.7 2019 • * 84.1 2020 • 67.0 2022 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.1 2015 • • 6.4 2019 • • 15.2 2018 • • 1.4 2018 • • 32.9 2018 • 10.1 2018 • * 1.3 2021 • * dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.6 2021 • ^ CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.5 2018 • ^ CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.4 2022 • ^ Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 49.2 2022 « ^ Fish caughtfrom overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 2.6 2018 • ^ Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2007 « • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 76.9 2022 • 95.5 2022 • * 0.73 2023 • 0.4 2021 • 0.2 2018 • • 10.5 2021 • 7k 58.5 2020 • -» 39 2022 • -» 92.2 2019 • • 32 2022 • 3.8 2019 • • 0.0 2017 • • 71.9 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 0.4 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 7.9 2020 • * NA NA • • 14.7 2020 • 0 2021 • • 72.4 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 221 ECUADOR Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 74/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOGB HEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Ecuador SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 III 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANOSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Ecuador East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.9 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 I-1- 79.2 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 222 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ECUADOR Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 6.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 12.2 2023 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 15.4 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 22.7 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.7 2019 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 19.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 65.8 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.5 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 48.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 1 1.0 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 28.1 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.1 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 78.5 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 58.4 2020 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.2 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 65 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 80 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 81.9 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.2 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 102.3 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.0 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 82.5 2018 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 69.9 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 91.5 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 799.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 98.9 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 94.3 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 16.2 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -5.4 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.4 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 64.2 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.8 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.7 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value Year RatingTrend 86.1 2022 • • 76.2 2021 • 1» 56.7 2021 • 1» 2.7 2018 • 1" 20.8 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2021 • 7k Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2014 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 47.3 2020 Palma ratio 2.8 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 57.8 2006 • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 13.7 2019 m 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) • T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 69.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 5.7 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 14.2 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.8 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 32.7 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.1 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.4 2021 SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.3 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) ,876.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 72.0 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 69.6 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 29.0 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.8 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.3 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 28.1 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.0 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.66 2023 • 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • ■» Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 14.0 2021 • 4- Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 38.4 2020 • 4- Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 35 2022 • 4- Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 87.2 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 36 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 60.5 2023 • 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • ■» Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 7» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.7 2021 • 4- For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.6 2020 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 79.2 2022 » + mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 223 EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 81 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Egypt, Arab Rep. SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANB STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Egypt, Arab Rep. ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.7 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- I-1- 79.6 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 224 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus EGYPT, ARAB REPUBLIC OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.5 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 10.5 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.1 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 20.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.5 2014 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 32.0 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.1 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 16.8 2020 • 10.0 2021 • 19.0 2021 • 10.0 2021 • NA NA • 28.0 2019 • 105.6 2019 • 10.1 2019 • 71.8 2019 • 46.9 2019 • 91.5 2014 • 96 2021 • 70 2019 • 4.0 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 100.0 2020 99.9 2020 1.2 2019 36.7 2019 • • 99.3 2019 • • 88.4 2019 • 1* 91.5 2021 • 1» 80.0 2014 • 1» 104.1 2021 • 1» 22.2 2022 • + 27.7 2021 • 1» 99.4 2020 • T 97.3 2020 • 1» 141.2 2019 • • 42.0 2020 • • 369.5 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 72.1 61/ Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • 1» 2.8 2018 • 4» 40.5 2022 0.3 1.0 2021 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 31.5 1.2 2017 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 0.9 91.3 68.0 2018 2019 2020 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.7 5.9 8.8 0.4 15.1 3.6 0.0 2.3 0.1 214.6 2012 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 2021 2018 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 51.7 36.8 49.5 14.9 0.0 39.6 28.5 0.90 0.0 2022 2022 2018 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 1.3 9.9 85 99.4 30 2017 2016 2022 2014 2022 2014 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 2.4 2019 • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2019 • • -0.3 2021 5.5 2018 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 33.4 2023 • 4- • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 0.2 2021 2021 • ■» • a 27.4 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • -» 7.0 2023 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.4 2021 • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.9 2020 • 4- 0.0 2018 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 3.5 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.0 2015 • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 79.6 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 225 EL SALVADOR Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 73 /166 COUNTRY SCORE .3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDARLEAID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 RELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 24.6 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.7 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 97.3 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 42.8 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 6.1 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 49.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 10.7 2019 ♦ diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) T Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 40.3 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 51.8 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 79 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 76 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.5 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 86.3 2014 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.2 2014 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 71.2 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.5 2020 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.0 2014 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 88.8 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 61.2 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 82.5 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 1,645.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 91.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.3 2019 (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 13.8 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.9 2021 • • 2.5 2018 • • 35.9 2021 • + 4.2 2023 • ^ SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 91.7 2022 • • 62.9 2021 77.0 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.2 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 38.8 2019 1.7 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 16.5 2020 22.9 2019 95.1 2020 76.0 2022 0.7 2010 5.5 2019 7.4 2018 1.3 2018 19.2 2018 10.6 2018 1.4 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) 0.4 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 46.6 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 51.3 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 38.5 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 58.6 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 26.3 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 28.0 2022 97.7 2022 0.80 2023 0.1 2021 1.8 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 18.2 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 29.5 2018 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 76 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 91.2 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 33 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 6.9 2019 Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 51.4 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.5 2021 • 71 Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.9 2020 • * 0.1 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 24.9 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.9 2020 • * • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 73.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 227 EQUATORIAL GUINEA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleah) CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B p g NustsnHMim I H71 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17.......m......L. SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Equatorial Guinea SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Equatorial Guinea INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -1-1-1- 39.0 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 28% 228 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus EQUATORIAL GUINEA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 16.1 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.1 2011 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.0 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 212.3 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28.5 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 76.8 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 275.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 3.8 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 22.1 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 165.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 27.2 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.2 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 176.0 2010 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 68.3 2011 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 53 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 43 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 46.5 2015 # # (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 44.7 2015 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 24.2 2015 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.0 2010 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation 20.5 2011 • 55.0 2021 • 87.3 2022 • * 23.0 2021 • Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 64.7 2017 • • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 66.3 2017 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 1.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,523.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 66.7 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 24.5 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 4.4 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.9 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -8.3 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.4 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 8.6 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 27.0 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 74.1 2022 53.9 2021 0.5 2021 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA 59.0 2019 48.1 2017 NA NA SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2016 Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 8.3 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 3.6 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 19.4 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.5 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 100.0 2022 63.7 2022 18.9 2018 26.8 2019 0.2 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 100.0 2022 NA NA 0.80 2023 0.2 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 53.5 2011 17 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 50.4 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.0 2020 NA NA 14.1 2020 0 2021 39.0 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 229 ERITREA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleah] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELL-REING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,!Z......Ü).......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Eritrea SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Eritrea INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F na 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 23% 230 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ERITREA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 63.4 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 89.4 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 50.2 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 14.6 2010 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.0 2016 -> Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2007 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.6 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 321.6 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 38.1 2021 # Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 74.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 26.8 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 237.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 37.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 76.0 2008 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 34.1 2010 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 50 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 27.2 2019 • • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 52.2 2019 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 50.7 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 93.3 2018 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 21.0 2010 • NA NA • • 83.8 2022 • * 22.0 2019 • • 51.9 2016 • 1 1.9 2016 • 1 1.2 2019 • 0.0 2020 • 486.0 2018 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2018 52.2 2020 • ^ 9.3 2020 • ^ 1.5 2019 • 1» 4.6 2019 • ^ -3.1 2011 • 93.0 2018 • NA NA • • 6.7 2023 • NA NA • • 0.0 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 47.2 2022 21.7 2021 0.0 2017 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 52.1 2019 69.0 2016 NA NA 0.6 2011 0.6 2019 2.0 2018 0.0 2018 16.5 2018 3.8 2018 NA NA bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 46.5 2022 12.6 2018 0.0 2019 0.0 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 0.0 2022 0.88 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 14.6 2012 NA NA NA NA NA NA 22 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 27.9 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.0 2020 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 NA NA mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 231 ESTONIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 0/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15.; SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 21.2 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.5 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 40.7 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 2.1 2020 • • SDG3- uooa neaiin ana vveii-Deir Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 5.2 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 0.9 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.0 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 9.3 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 14.9 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 12.8 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.5 2019 tife expectancy at birth (years) 78.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.5 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.4 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 1.1 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 46.6 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 17.9 2020 # T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.2 2017 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.6 2017 tower secondary completion rate (%) 100.8 2020 titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2021 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 43.2 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 525.3 2018 # Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 7.2 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 8.8 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods 2014 (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.2 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 103.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.9 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.7 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 19.6 2020 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.6 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.1 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 10.9 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 70.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,806.0 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 95.8 2020 • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 93.1 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 2.5 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 31.3 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 2.1 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 3.6 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.4 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • -» Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • -» Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 122.8 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 74.0 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 12.3 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 91.0 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 180.1 2021 • * togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.1 2018 • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 37.9 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.8 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 8.0 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 3.2 2020 • -» Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 28.6 2020 • -» Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 38.4 2017 • -» SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 30.8 2019 • * Palma ratio 1.1 2019 • * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 34.5 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 6.4 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) * T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.8 2015 • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 60.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 4.6 2019 • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 95.9 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 13.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 11.7 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.9 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 52.7 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 51.5 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 11.7 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 7.9 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 3.4 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 27.2 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 28.6 2018 • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 97.6 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.4 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 1.6 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 6.9 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.4 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 94.9 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 92.9 2022 • * Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.0 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 20.0 2020 • * Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 79 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 74 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2015 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 85.3 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 178.4 2020 • 7k SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.6 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2022 • * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 70 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 44.2 2022 • * Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.4 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.6 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 233 ESWATIN Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 132 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AHORDABLEAII] CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANO WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 16.5 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 4.0 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 239.6 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 23.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 52.6 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 348.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 7.7 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 35.2 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 173.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 33.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 57.7 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 87.1 2013 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 88.3 2014 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 77 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 58 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.5 2022 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 84.8 2019 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 69.8 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.9 2020 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 82.9 2014 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 70.8 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 64.3 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 77.6 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 70.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 79.7 2020 • T 55.4 2020 • : 1.3 2019 • 1» 40.7 2019 • ^ -1.0 2021 • • 8.8 2018 • • NA NA • • 24.7 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 80.0 58.9 114.5 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.1 0.3 2021 2015 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 54.6 2016 2016 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 10.8 16.7 93.1 70.0 2020 2019 2020 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.5 6.3 NA NA NA NA 0.7 0.9 NA 209.1 2016 2019 NA NA NA NA 2021 2021 NA 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 22.7 0.0 0.81 0.1 2022 2022 2023 2021 1.7 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 12.7 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 18.1 2012 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 34 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 53.5 2014 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 30 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 7.8 2010 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 52.7 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.4 2021 • NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 25.4 2021 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 51.7 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 235 ETHIOPIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 144 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening I Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG 15, SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 11 Ethiopia SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG .. 2 SDG .. 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 / 6 SDG 7 I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Ethiopia ■ Oceania 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 99.8 r STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 10° I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 61.1 236 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ETHIOPIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 15.6 2023 • : 41.7 2023 • 71 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 24.9 2020 • 34.4 2022 • 6.8 2019 4.5 2016 • 2.1 2017 • 2.8 2021 • 0.9 2018 • NA NA • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 52.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 16.7 2021 • ^ Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 21.7 2021 • Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related ^ 2016 • • infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 42 5 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 • ^ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2017 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.0 2015 • • 1.5 2015 • • 266.7 2020 • 26.2 2021 • 46.8 2021 # 119.0 2021 • 0.1 2021 17.1 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 64.3 2020 • 39.8 2019 • 87.9 2020 • 32.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 142.5 2019 Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.2 2015 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 28.2 2019 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.1 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.7 2019 • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.5 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 73.5 2018 • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 49.8 2019 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 54 2021 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • * Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 38 2019 • 3.6 2022 • du\j 13 — inmate Action SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • 42.1 2021 • ^ 77.7 2021 • 4* 29.5 2015 • • 72.8 2017 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 62.6 2020 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 51.0 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 42.6 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 49.6 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 8.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 32.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 75.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 51.1 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 7.8 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.9 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.0 2019 • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • 0.0 2018 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.2 2021 • • 6.2 2018 • • 34.8 2017 • • 4.0 2023 • ^ 0.4 2021 • ^ 0.0 2018 • ^ 6.5 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 16.4 2022 • -» 16.3 2022 • -» 0.85 2023 • -» 0.1 2021 • 71 0.0 2018 • • 8.6 2012 • • NA NA • • 53 2022 • 2.7 2016 • • 38 2022 • 45.0 2015 • • 0.0 2021 • • 47.7 2023 • 0.4 2021 • 7k 0.4 2021 • 0.4 2021 • 5.5 2020 • NA NA • • 7.1 2020 • 0 2021 • • 61.1 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 237 Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 57 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFH«MBLE*m CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER a STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 30.2 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.9 2021 • t Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 38.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 27.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 66.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 37.7 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 1 18.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 13.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.0 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 23.1 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2021 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 61 2019 • 71 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 89.3 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.8 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 103.3 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods , (% of females aged 15 to 49) 64.9 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 50.5 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.3 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.2 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 51.4 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 2.4 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 25.3 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -10.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.2 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • * Imputed data point Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 78.4 2022 • Population using the internet (%) 87.7 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 76.1 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.4 2018 • hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 24.8 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.5 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 30.7 2019 • • Palma ratio 1.1 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 9.4 2020 • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 10.1 2019 ♦ 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) # T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 97.3 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2011 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2021 • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.6 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.5 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 87.9 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 9.0 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.3 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 11.2 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.1 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.67 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.2 2020 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.9 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 86.6 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 53 2022 • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 16.7 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.3 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.2 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.9 2020 • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 63.2 2022 • 71 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 239 FINLAND OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7affordable and clean energy o zero C hunger q decent work and 0 econohc growth \k LIFE 14 below water STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 22.2 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.6 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.8 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 51.5 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) _hO 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 8.3 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.3 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.2 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.5 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 7.4 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.1 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 83 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.7 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.8 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 25.3 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 12.0 2020 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 96.9 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.3 2020 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 102.1 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 40.1 2021 • -» PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 516.3 2018 # -» Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 10.5 2018 -> Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 12.9 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 90.4 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.8 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 46.0 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 16.0 2020 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.4 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.1 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,124.9 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.6 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 84.1 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.6 2019 (MtCCVTWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 45.8 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.9 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.7 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.5 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 95.8 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 72.7 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 11.9 2021 • * Value Year RatingTrend Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.6 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 92.8 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 157.2 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 4.0 2018 • * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 54.5 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 4.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.9 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 15.9 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 53.3 2020 • * Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 9.2 2020 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 27.4 2017 • -> SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.7 2019 • -» Palma ratio 0.9 2020 • -» Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 6.9 2020 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 5.5 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 61.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 8.8 2019 • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.6 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 19.8 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 26.6 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.3 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 51.8 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 30.7 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 3.7 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 6.8 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLIVcapita) 2.7 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 33.5 2018 • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.9 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 81.9 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 3.1 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.2 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.8 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 75.8 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.0 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.6 2020 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.5 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 88 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 87 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.9 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 49.7 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.7 2020 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.6 2022 • * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 60 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 51.8 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 4.8 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 93.6 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 241 FRANCE OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 6/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15,- SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 2 \ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG r"---.. 2 r \ France iL J SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt q zero C hunger B Q decent work and 0 economc growth ■if B \k LIFE 14 below water B q goodhealth 0 anb well-being ■ B g NustsnHMim I H71 Hi IU inequalities .A. B 1C peace. justice ID andstrong iNsmunoNS B t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX France OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 61.9 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 90.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 242 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus FRANCE Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.2 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 8.4 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.6 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.2 2021 # * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77.3 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 5.0 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 7.9 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.5 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.4 2021 • -» Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 7.7 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 10.0 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.5 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 7.5 2019 • -» Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.6 2019 -» Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 84 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.6 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 11.1 2020 • + Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 17.1 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 25.5 2020 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 99.5 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2020 hower secondary completion rate (%) 100.1 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 50.3 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 493.7 2018 # Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 20.1 2018 • Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 20.5 2018 • * SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 95.5 2004 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.5 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 11.8 2018 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 23.5 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 88.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,875.2 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.2 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 78.6 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.6 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 15.5 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.2 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.0 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.2 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 67.7 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 67.3 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 15.1 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 86.1 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 100.4 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.0 2018 ♦ infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) T The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 67.0 2022 # • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.8 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.4 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 11.4 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 29.2 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 20.7 2019 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 31.8 2016 • * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.4 2018 • a Palma ratio 1.1 2019 • 71 Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 4.4 2019 • -» SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 11.2 T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 63.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 5.3 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.4 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 21.0 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 6.9 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.1 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 47.3 2018 • -» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 19.9 2018 • -» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 6.1 2021 • 7k Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.7 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 2.5 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1.3 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 55.0 2018 • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.9 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 64.9 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 21.0 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 26.6 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.9 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.1 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.0 2022 • * Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.83 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 7.1 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 28.5 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 74 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 72 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 4.5 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.7 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 96.0 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.9 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional * public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.6 2022 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 67 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 47.9 2022 • * Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 42.6 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 90.8 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 243 GABON Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 113 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I H71 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANB STRONG SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Gabon fjfl SDG 4 SDG 5 " SDG 6 SDG 11 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Gabon ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.8 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 42.8 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 6% 244 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus GABON Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 3.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 9.4 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 17.2 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 13.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 15.0 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.6 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 226.6 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18.9 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 39.7 2021 # Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 513.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.8 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 21.3 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 78.3 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 23.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.5 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 91.0 2012 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 87.1 2012 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 64 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 49 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.1 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 76.7 2019 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 59.3 2019 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 90.4 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 44.0 2012 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 74.7 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 69.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 85.3 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 49.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,536.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 91.6 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 88.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.3 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 63.1 2019 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 59.1 2022 71.7 2021 96.3 2021 2.1 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 0.6 2009 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 38.0 2017 1.6 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 44.3 2018 47.5 2019 88.9 2020 40.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) NA NA Electronic waste (kg/capita) 8.7 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 9.1 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.8 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 27.7 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 10.4 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCIVcapita) 0.4 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 63.8 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 69.6 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 35.2 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.7 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 61.7 2022 93.6 2022 0.95 2023 0.0 2021 2.5 2018 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA 80.2 2018 43 2022 89.6 2012 29 2022 19.6 2012 0.0 2021 58.1 2023 -3.3 2021 4.8 2018 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 0.4 2021 ( 2021 ( 66.1 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 ( 21.4 2023 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.6 2021 • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.1 2020 ( 0.0 2018 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA 17.2 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.4 2019 ( • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 ( » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 42.8 2022 ( » 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 245 THE GAMBIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 29/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NUSmiHMIIIN I 1371 SDG 16.. SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG SDG 17 tm 1 .............©............. ...........©.......... I The Gambia ■ SDG .. 2 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 III 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANOSTRANG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean The Gambia East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 64.4 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 246 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus THE GAMBIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 10.1 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 34.7 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 21.6 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 13.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.1 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 10.3 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.5 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 458.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 47.9 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 149.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.8 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 21.1 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 220.5 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.6 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.5 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 64.8 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 83.8 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 79 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 48 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.3 2022 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 55.4 2022 • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 86.0 2022 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 61.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 73.4 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 41.1 2019 • a Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 68.2 2021 • 7* Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 80.9 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 46.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 7.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,191.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 62.3 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.7 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.2 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.1 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.8 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 28.6 2017 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # # Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 4.7 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 3.4 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 80.3 2022 • • 33.0 2021 50.3 2021 1.8 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 0.1 2018 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.9 2015 1.5 2015 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 38.9 2020 35.4 2019 83.9 2020 31.0 2022 0.4 2002 1.2 2019 1.3 2018 0.2 2018 7.3 2018 5.9 2018 0.0 2013 bLJijid — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2017 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.3 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 39.3 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1.4 2014 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2015 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 41.7 2022 99.0 2022 0.98 2023 0.3 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 18.1 2014 38 2022 59.0 2020 34 2022 16.9 2018 0.0 2021 71.1 2023 0.5 2021 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 4.1 2020 NA NA 1 1.8 2018 0 2021 64.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 247 GEORGIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 42 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt a a q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 econ0mc GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 21.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.7 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 27.6 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.4 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.5 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 64.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.9 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 92.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.4 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 27.3 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 65 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.3 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.7 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.2 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.7 2019 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 51.3 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 75.8 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 19.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.3 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 85.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.1 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 46.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,789.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 89.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.7 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 25.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.6 2021 4.3 2018 70.5 2021 • * 1 1.7 2023 • 7i 0.6 2021 • 0.1 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 85.9 2022 • • 76.4 2021 • 1» 99.8 2021 • 1» 2.4 2018 • 4» 16.5 2022 • • 0.5 2021 • 1» 0.3 2020 • ^ SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 34.5 2020 • 1.4 2020 • • 27.6 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 7.1 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 21.7 2019 • a Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.4 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 62.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.3 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 4.8 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.0 2018 • a Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 18.2 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2021 • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.9 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.6 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 14.4 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 35.6 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 57.7 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.5 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.7 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.4 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.9 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.89 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.0 2019 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 18.5 2019 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 79 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.5 2017 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 56 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 1.6 2015 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.2 2017 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.7 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • a Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.4 2021 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 24.9 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 90.7 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 249 GERMANY OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 4 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 poverty ftffir! 7/tnauMBLEAin I clean energy ^^^H 10 glmate lu action q ZERO C HUNGER -» U ECONMC GROWTH fit \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER 100-90-80-70- 60- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) si !>: 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SI !' ■ .. 2 SDG 15 / SDG SI" 11 SC). 13 GOOD HEALTH ANDWELLOEING Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track BA quality II SDG 1? Germany SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 6 SDG 11 SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 ■" SI» 7 9KINKY IHKtlf* i AfDHRAStRUCTDRE i 1C PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges H Challenges remain SjGacevec ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topia/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Germany OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 65.2 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) o -I-1-1-F -I-F + 100 -1-F 91.0 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 250 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus GERMANY Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.3 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.3 2023 • Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 10.9 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 • * Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.1 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.4 2016 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.3 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.0 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 77.2 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 2.6 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.4 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.2 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.6 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 5.0 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2020 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 12.1 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 14.7 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.8 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.7 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.9 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.2 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 86 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.6 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 5.6 2020 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 29.6 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 18.8 2017 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 98 3 2020 (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.9 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) » 98.8 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • hertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 35.9 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 500.3 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 18.6 2018 • Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 19.6 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 87.4 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.3 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 34.9 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 14.2 2020 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.2 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 33.5 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 97.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 3,304.1 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 97.1 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 1 2019 (MtC02/hWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.2 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.8 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.0 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 100.0 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • -» Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • -» Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.5 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.8 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEEh) 10.2 2021 J. (% of population aged 15 to 29) SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) hriadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from ShEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Value Year RatingTrend 100.0 2022 • • 91.4 2021 • * 94.4 2021 • * 4.4 2018 • * 75.9 2022 • • 2.3 2021 • * 3.1 2020 • * 10.0 2020 • * 52.6 2020 • 12.4 2020 • * 27.6 2017 • _* 31.7 2018 • -» 1.1 2019 • 11.0 2019 • 0.0 2020 • * 11.3 2019 • * 00.0 2020 • * 62.0 2022 • 4.2 2019 • * 97.5 2022 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 19.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 11.2 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.9 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 34.4 2018 • 71 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 29.1 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 10.0 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.1 2021 • a CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BlhVcapita) 3.0 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 176.4 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 40.8 2018 • * SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 80.8 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 70.1 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 25.6 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 12.4 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.0 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 79.1 2022 • a Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 79.3 2022 • 71 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.98 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.7 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.2 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 78 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 79 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD 1.5 2021 per 100,000 population) • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 81.9 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 • * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 71.1 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.7 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.8 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) # T Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 58 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 56.7 2022 • 7k Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 75.6 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 91.0 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 251 GHANA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 122 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16, SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG 15, SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG ' 11 SDG .. 2 Ghana I SDG \ 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG SDG "..........................." SDG 10 S°G 8 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B 7 AFFOJMBLEAD / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER ■ B DECENT WORK AND 1 ECONDHC GROWTH Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi iß PEACE.JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Ghana ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.4 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 64.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 252 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus GHANA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 20.1 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 32.8 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.1 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.7 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.8 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 10.9 2016 Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.9 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 263.1 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22.8 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 44.0 2021 # Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 136.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.6 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.5 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 193.6 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 25.7 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 66.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 78.0 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 78.9 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 45 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.3 2020 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.0 2020 • tower secondary completion rate (%) 78.2 2019 • titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 93.5 2020 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 40.4 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 86.7 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 85.8 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 23.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 472.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 85.9 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 22.2 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.0 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1 1.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.8 2021 • • 4.8 2018 • • 68.2 2021 • 1» 3.9 2023 • 1» 0.5 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • ^ 9.8 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 75.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 68.2 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 71.5 2021 • * togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.4 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 32.2 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2010 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 43.5 2016 • • Palma ratio 2.3 2016 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 33.5 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 40.1 2019 m JL 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) • ♦ Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 41.1 2020 • 4- Satisfaction with public transport (%) 44.0 2022 • -» SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2005 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1.8 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.8 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 8.8 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.9 2018 • ■» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 • -» SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.7 2021 • ■» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 0.3 2018 • ■» CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 623.8 2019 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.6 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 32.6 2022 • 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 44.1 2018 • 4- Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.4 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 28.8 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 68.8 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 80.7 2022 • ■» Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.84 2023 • ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.9 2021 • 4- Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.8 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 1 1.7 2022 • * Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 60 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 70.6 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 43 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 20.1 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 65.9 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.9 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.8 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 52 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.2 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 253 GREECE OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 28/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG r-~., 2 f Greece SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG 4 SDG 5 i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER D Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNDHC GROWTH B 4 A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I 13 * in 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANBSIRBNG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Greece Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 74.3 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 88.7 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 254 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus GREECE SDG1 - No Poverty Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.3 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.6 2023 • * Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 11.5 2019 • * SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 • * Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.2 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.7 2003 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 24.9 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.3 2021 # * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 50.6 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 23.5 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 7.7 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.2 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.7 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.1 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 12.5 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 23.1 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.1 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.7 2020 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2018 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.8 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 9.0 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 24.9 2019 • 7k SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 99.3 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.6 2020 • * tower secondary completion rate (%) 93.6 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.2 2018 • • - Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 44.2 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 453.3 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 10.9 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 31.7 2018 • SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) * 66.7 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 94.5 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 76.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.7 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 5.9 2019 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.0 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 20.5 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 81.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,365.4 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 91.7 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 t CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 4 2019 -» (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 18.5 2019 • -» SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.5 2021 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.9 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 94.9 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 47.3 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 57.3 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 21.4 2021 • 7k SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action Value Year RatingTrend 99.5 2022 « 78.5 2021 > * 94.5 2021 « > * 3.2 2018 * > * 43.3 2022 > • 2.2 2021 * > * 1.5 2020 > * 9.5 2020 « > * 2.8 2020 « 41.7 2020 « 40.1 2017 4 > * 33 2019 1.1 2019 7.2 2019 SDG14- Life Below Water 0.0 2020 * > * 15.4 2019 > * 00.0 2020 * > * 54.0 2022 * 14.2 2019 « > * 97.5 2022 « 16.9 2019 « > • 27.8 2018 « > • 5.0 2018 « > • 40.0 2018 « > + 22.9 2018 « > 4- 5.2 2021 « > 4- 1.1 2019 « > • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.4 2021 < » 7k CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 1.5 2018 < CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 38.0 2021 < » • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 46.8 2018 < » * Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.6 2022 » * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 67.4 2022 ( » 7k Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 64.1 2018 ( » ■» Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 21.1 8.7 2019 2019 » * » * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 ( SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.5 2022 » * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 90.4 2022 ( » * Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.83 2023 ( Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 ( » * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.9 2018 ( SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2021 ( » * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.3 2020 ( » * Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 65 2022 » 7k Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 ( » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 52 2022 » 7k Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 ( » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.3 2017 ( Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 55.2 2023 ( Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 » * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 ( » + Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 109.2 2020 » + SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.6 2020 » * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.1 2022 ( * 1 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) » ■if Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA ( » • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 46 2021 ( Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 52.8 2022 ( » * Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 1.9 2019 ( » * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.7 2022 ( » * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 255 GRENADA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......tm......■!... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Grenada SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 q GOOO HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANBSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Grenada INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 41.1 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 37% 256 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus GRENADA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.0 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.1 2020 • T 10.3 2021 • 1» 16.2 2021 • 1» 3.2 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 23.4 2019 • ^ 47.4 2019 • 8.0 2019 • 72.9 2019 • 35.9 2014 100.0 2017 • 72 2021 • 70 2019 • NA NA • 84.8 2020 99.2 2018 • 106.3 2020 • 99.2 2014 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 7k * 76.4 2023 • NA NA • • NA NA • • 46.7 2021 • 1» 95.6 2017 • • 91.5 2017 • • 7.1 2019 • • 15.1 2020 • • NA NA • • 93.6 2020 • 1» 89.1 2020 • ^ 1.4 2019 • ^ 0.9 2019 • ^ -6.1 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 0.7 2021 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 100.0 2022 • • 77.8 2021 • 1» 76.6 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 2.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 21.4 2019 NA NA NA NA 0.8 2012 8.8 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.3 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 30.2 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 62.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 34.5 2022 NA NA 0.68 2023 0.0 2021 NA NA 4.0 2021 52.1 2020 NA NA NA NA 52 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA 0.6 2021 0.6 2021 0.5 2021 5.8 2020 NA NA 23.2 2017 0 2021 41.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 257 GUATEMALA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 127 /166 COUNTRY SCORE fly REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RrMBLEAn CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 21.2 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.2 2021 • a Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • *i Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 411.0 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 95.5 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 23.0 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 27.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.5 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 91.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.0 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 63.3 2020 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 69.6 2017 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 79 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 57 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.2 2022 • -» SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 82.4 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 90.6 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 54.6 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.8 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 66.1 2014 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 83.9 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 45.7 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 19.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 67.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.7 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 6.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,125.1 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 97.1 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 50.1 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.1 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 6.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.9 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 44.1 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.8 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 12.5 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 77.9 2022 • • 50.8 2021 17.0 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 48.3 2014 2.9 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 37.6 2020 22.1 2019 88.5 2020 64.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2015 4.3 2019 4.8 2018 0.8 2018 21.5 2018 7.8 2018 0.6 2021 buijid — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 40.2 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 49.1 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 41.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 8.6 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 38.6 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 15.3 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 31.1 2022 24.8 2022 0.71 2023 0.7 2021 0.5 2018 20.0 2021 43.6 2019 54 2022 96.4 2015 24 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 48.1 2023 0.3 2021 0.3 2021 0.5 2021 5.6 2021 NA NA 1 1.0 2020 0 2021 72.0 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 259 GUINEA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 142 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 ; Guinea SDG 4 SDG 5 ■' SDG 6 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANBSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Guinea ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.6 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 57.9 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 260 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus GUINEA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 9.9 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 33.7 2023 • 7* SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 27.9 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.2 2018 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 7.7 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.3 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • + Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 553.4 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 31.1 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 98.7 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 175.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.5 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.9 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 238.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.7 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 61.0 2019 • -» Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 120.0 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 55.3 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 47 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 37 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.3 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 47.3 2020 • 7* Net primary enrollment rate (%) 85.5 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 33.2 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 60.3 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 37.7 2018 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 39.8 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 65.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16.7 2020 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 64.0 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 29.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 500.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 44.7 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.9 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.7 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 2.7 2019 • -» SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -2.6 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.8 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 30.4 2021 • 71 Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.7 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.3 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 58.4 2022 34.7 2021 23.4 2021 1.6 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 29.6 2018 1.1 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 49.0 2020 27.1 2019 53.7 2020 46.0 2022 NA NA 0.8 2019 1.3 2018 0.4 2018 13.3 2018 3.7 2018 0.0 2013 0.4 2021 0.1 2018 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 69.3 2022 40.8 2022 1 1.8 2018 27.0 2019 19.4 2019 0.0 2018 71.7 2022 90.4 2022 0.89 2023 1.4 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 65.6 2017 58 2022 62.0 2018 25 2022 24.2 2016 0.0 2021 59.5 2023 0.4 2021 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 3.2 2020 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 57.9 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 261 GUINEA-BISSAU Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleaii] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0— STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG ............JJjJjJ........... SDG .......2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Guinea-Bissau SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLREING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11* Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG Ha^rI m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Guinea-Bissau INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F 40.0 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 23% 262 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus GUINEA-BISSAU Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 26.0 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 62.0 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 27.7 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.1 2019 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 9.5 2016 -» Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.3 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 725.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 74.3 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 361.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 1.1 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.9 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 228.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 32.2 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 60.2 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 84.0 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 53.8 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 63 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 37 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) tower secondary completion rate (%) titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 28.7 2010 • • 72.7 2010 • • 36.8 2010 • • 67.9 2021 • ^ 60.0 2018 • 1 48.8 2021 • ^ 77.7 2022 • 1» 13.7 2021 • ^ 59.0 2020 • ^ 18.2 2020 • ^ 1.5 2019 • • 0.0 2020 • • NA NA • • 33.3 2020 • : 1.1 2020 • ^ 4.5 2019 • ^ 8.0 2019 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -5.7 2021 • • 7.5 2018 • • NA NA • • 3.6 2023 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 57.4 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 35.2 2021 • 7k Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 52.9 2021 • * togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 1.8 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) * 0.0 2021 • * SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.8 2018 • • Palma ratio 1.4 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 60.8 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 32.2 2019 m JL 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 55.5 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.7 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 51.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 3.3 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1.2 2003 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.3 2003 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.5 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.92 2023 • ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.8 2021 • 4- Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2017 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 55.5 2017 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 46.0 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 21 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 17.2 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.6 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.4 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 12.4 2019 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 40.0 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 263 GUYANA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 96/166 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleaii] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I H71 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 I Guyana SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id AND STRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Guyana OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 66.7 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 56.5 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 14% 264 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus GUYANA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 0.6 2023 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.9 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.5 2019 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.2 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.7 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 111.9 2020 • ; 16.9 2021 • 1» 27.7 2021 • 1» 83.0 2021 • ^ 0.6 2021 • ^ 29.2 2019 • ^ 95.7 2019 • • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 22.3 2019 • 65.7 2019 • 64.9 2018 • 97.6 2020 91 2021 • 74 2019 • 6.0 2007 • 95.2 2012 • 98.2 2012 • 79.1 2010 • 97.8 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 46.6 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 64.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 35.7 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.6 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 85.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 92.5 2020 • T 80.6 2020 • 1» 2.0 2019 • ^ 7.8 2019 19.0 2021 • • 2.6 2018 • • NA NA • • 1 1.8 2023 • ^ 0.6 2021 • : NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 78.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 84.8 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 33.8 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2018 m JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.1 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) » 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 12.1 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 21.5 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) t jn Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 86.8 2020 • ■» Satisfaction with public transport (%) 72.0 2007 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2010 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.3 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 » * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.8 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 6,660.3 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 74.8 2022 • ■» Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 34.5 2018 • ■» Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 46.2 2019 • a Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 18.6 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.4 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 100.0 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.87 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 47.2 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 16.3 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 40.4 2020 • 4- Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 47 2007 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.1 2014 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 40 2022 • 7k Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 10.8 2014 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 67.5 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 » * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.5 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 56.5 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 265 HAIT Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 152 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 52^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- | Worsening I Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH ú AHB WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANBSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 4- Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 19.5 2022 4 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.7 2017 4 > • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.7 2016 4 > + Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 4 > ■» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.2 2021 4 > ■» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 4 > ■» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 4 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 350.4 2020 4 > ■» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24.3 2021 4 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 58.6 2021 4 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 159.0 2021 4 > ■» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.4 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 31.3 2019 4 > ■» Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 206.4 2019 4 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.8 2019 4 > 4- Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.1 2019 4 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 54.8 2015 4 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 41.6 2017 4 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 51 2021 4 > + Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 47 2019 4 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.6 2018 4 1 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA 4 1 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA 4 1 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) NA NA 4 1 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 83.0 2016 4 1 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 45.4 2016 4 > ■» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 67.3 2021 4 Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.7 2022 4 > * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 2.5 2019 4 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 66.7 2020 4 > ■» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 37.1 2020 4 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 13.4 2019 > • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 7.1 2020 4 > • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 338.0 2018 4 > • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 46.9 2020 4 > -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 4.5 2020 4 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 3.3 2019 4 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 4.3 2019 4 > -» SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -8.1 2021 4 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.6 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 32.6 2017 4 Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 15.6 2023 4 > 4- Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 4 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 4 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 4.6 2018 4 » • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 73.3 2022 38.9 2021 28.2 2021 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 41.1 2012 2.0 2012 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 48.9 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 15.3 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 30.0 2018 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.0 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 13.2 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.7 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 24.6 2022 34.9 2022 7.7 2018 NA NA 0.0 2019 0.0 2018 29.2 2022 83.9 2022 0.71 2023 0.2 2021 0.0 2018 13.0 2021 66.8 2018 49 2018 84.8 2017 17 2022 35.5 2012 0.0 2021 57.4 2023 0.4 2021 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 1.8 2020 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 39.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 267 HONDURAS Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 1 6/166 62.9 I REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADIEAH] CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B n Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 21.4 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.9 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 34.6 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 71.8 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 16.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 33.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 18.7 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 1 12.5 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 97.1 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.1 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 77 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 63 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 71.8 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 81.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 46.7 2014 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 96.1 2019 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 79.0 2019 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 90.9 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 64.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.7 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 83.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,485.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 93.2 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 48.3 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.0 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 13.3 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.6 2021 • • 3.4 2018 • • 37.9 2021 • ^ 7.5 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 75.0 2022 48.1 2021 47.6 2021 2.5 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2017 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 48.2 2019 3.0 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 31.5 2018 18.8 2019 96.7 2020 59.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.6 2016 2.6 2019 8.8 2018 0.9 2018 26.7 2018 8.7 2018 0.4 2021 1.1 2021 0.3 2018 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 41.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 57.8 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 13.6 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 18.4 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 13.1 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 72.3 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 99.4 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.74 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.8 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 38.3 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 54.1 2018 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 54 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 97.0 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 23 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 15.3 2019 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 32.7 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.5 2021 • + Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.9 2020 • * 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 16.0 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.8 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.0 2022 • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 269 HUNGARY OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 22 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY ■ 1 q ZERO C HUNGER ■ JiMit B B 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORK AND I ECONOMC GROWTH STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B III g NUSmiHMIIIN I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Hungary SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 iu INEQUALITIES .a. B 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG iNsnruTioNS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Hungary Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 80.1 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 87.9 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 270 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus HUNGARY Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.5 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 9.2 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 26.4 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.9 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 65.1 2021 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.4 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 15.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.1 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.0 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.7 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.1 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 42.3 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.7 2019 tife expectancy at birth (years) 76.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 21.1 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.7 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 73 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 4.5 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 24.2 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 24.9 2019 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 93.9 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.5 2020 tower secondary completion rate (%) 95.6 2020 titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.7 2021 • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 32.9 2021 • PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 479.3 2018 • * Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 21.2 2018 • Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 24.1 2018 • 7k SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) Value Year RatingTrend SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population! Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 79.5 2023 • T 97.4 2021 • 1» 78.2 2022 • i» 13.1 2021 • ^ 12.4 2020 • + 00.0 2022 * 88.6 2021 * > * 78.7 2021 * > * 3.3 2018 * > * 37.9 2022 > • 1.4 2021 * > * 1.6 2020 * > * 9.0 2020 * > * 4.2 2020 * 38.3 2020 * > * 31.7 2017 4 > * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action 30.0 2019 1.0 2019 13.2 2019 0.0 2016 15.1 2019 00.0 2020 « 63.0 2022 > 7k 8.2 2019 > + 95.9 2022 « > • 13.6 2019 « > • 12.0 2018 « > • 3.2 2018 « > • 44.0 2018 « 19.0 2018 « 0.0 2021 « 0.7 2021 « > • 100.0 2020 • * 98.0 2020 • 7.7 2019 • • 55.3 2020 • • 1,437.2 2018 • 92.6 2020 87.8 2020 100.0 2020 100.0 2020 1.5 2019 • 13.6 2019 • 1.4 2021 • 3.7 2018 • • 88.2 2021 • * 0.7 2021 0.1 2018 • ) 38.4 2018 • 73.1 2021 13.1 2021 • * CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.0 2021 * > 4- CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 1.8 2018 * > 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 423.3 2021 > • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 35.0 2018 * » 7k SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA * 1 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA * 1 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA * 1 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA * 1 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA * 1 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 * 1 • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 84.3 2022 > ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.7 2022 * > * Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.87 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 * > * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 * > • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2021 * > t Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 16.3 2020 * > t Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 75 2022 * > t Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 * t • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 42 2022 * > + Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 * > • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2013 * > • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 63.0 2023 > + Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 * » 7k Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 * > * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 * > * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 173.1 2020 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.9 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.3 2022 * public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) > ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA * 1 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 72 2021 * 1 • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 55.2 2022 * > + Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 5.8 2019 * > t Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.9 2022 * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 271 ICELAND OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 29/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 \ Iceland SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Q NUSmiHMIIIN I III 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Iceland OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 45.8 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 86.9 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 9% 272 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ICELAND Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 4.9 2017 • • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.9 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.6 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.1 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.4 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 2.7 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 2.9 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 8.7 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 8.2 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.4 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.4 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 87 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.4 2022 • Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 0.4 2020 • * Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 20.1 2018 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) _7_2_ 2021 # T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 96.9 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.6 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 102.8 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • - Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 41.9 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 481.3 2018 -» Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 8.9 2018 -» Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 25.0 2018 • -» SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods NA NA (% of females aged 15 to 49) _ Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 47.6 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 12.9 2018 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 15.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 15,785.4 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 83.7 2020 • * SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.1 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 81.1 2019 • + SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -2.1 2021 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.1 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 100.0 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.6 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 194.4 2018 • • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 79.8 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 9.4 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.1 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 99.7 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 119.5 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.2 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 44.8 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 5.2 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.5 2020 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.4 2017 • • Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 7.0 2020 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 4.9 2017 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.2 2012 • • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 26.1 2017 • • Palma ratio 0.9 2017 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 3.1 2017 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 6.1 • T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 50.0 2022 Population with rent overburden (%) 16.2 2018 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.2 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 21.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 29.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 13.1 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 48.0 2018 • 71 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 128.4 2018 • 4- Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 19.3 2021 • 4- Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2018 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 9.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 5.6 2018 • + CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2017 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 57.0 2018 • + SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.1 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 86.0 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 27.1 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 38.3 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.2 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.6 2022 » ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 35.9 2022 » ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.87 2023 • 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 14.2 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 85 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 74 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 41.3 2020 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15.7 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.3 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 42.5 2022 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.7 2019 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 86.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 273 INDIA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 112 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11* SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANBSIRGNG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa India ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.4 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 78.2 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 274 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus INDIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 3.3 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 11.8 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 16.3 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.7 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 18.7 2020 • -» Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 3.9 2016 -» Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.5 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.8 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 102.7 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.1 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 30.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 210.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 21.9 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 139.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.6 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.2 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 89.4 2021 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 61 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.9 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.5 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.1 2022 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 85.8 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 91.7 2018 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.8 2015 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 86.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 32.6 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 90.5 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 71.3 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 66.5 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 97.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.0 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 67.9 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 1.5 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 15.9 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -2.6 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.1 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 77.5 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.3 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.1 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 84.2 2022 • • 46.3 2021 54.4 2021 2.9 2018 45.7 2022 0.2 2021 0.7 2018 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.7 2019 3.1 2011 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 49.0 2020 90.6 2019 65.9 2020 77.0 2022 0.4 2018 2.4 2019 7.6 2018 0.2 2018 17.5 2018 0.8 2018 0.0 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 4.2 2022 32.5 2022 7.4 2018 4.4 2019 4.7 2019 0.0 2018 6.3 2022 8.3 2022 0.67 2023 0.0 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 2.9 2021 76.1 2020 66 2022 79.7 2016 40 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 36.6 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.6 2021 5.6 2020 NA NA 13.2 2018 0 2021 78.2 2022 • 1» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 275 INDONESIA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 75 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAIH CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi Q NUSmiHMIIIN I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 tm 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Indonesia 1 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 iu INEQUALITIES A. B 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Indonesia ■ Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 97.9 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 79.0 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 276 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus INDONESIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.9 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 12.3 2023 • 7k SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.0 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.2 2018 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 6.9 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 11.4 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 172.9 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 11.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 354.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.8 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 96.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 11.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 36.0 2016 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.7 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 67 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 59 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.6 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.8 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.4 2018 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 90.0 2017 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.0 2017 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.1 2021 • 7* Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 65.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.0 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 92.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 86.5 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 29.7 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 351.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 97.0 2020 -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 84.5 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.1 2019 • -» Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 9.7 2019 • -» SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.7 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.8 2021 • 7* Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.3 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 71 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 5.9 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value Year RatingTrend 73.3 2022 • • 62.1 2021 • 1» 114.8 2021 • 1» 2.9 2018 • ^ 26.4 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • 7k Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2020 • ■» SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.9 2021 • 7k Palma ratio 1.7 2021 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 19.4 2020 • 7k Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 16.2 2019 m ^ 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) • ' Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 44.6 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 79.0 2022 » + SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 8.0 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 22.1 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.9 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2021 . * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.3 2021 • ■» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2018 • ■» CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 3,121.8 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.7 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 57.1 2022 • 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 16.7 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.9 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.9 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.9 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 39.0 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.75 2023 • 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.7 2021 • 7k Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.6 2004 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 19.5 2020 • * Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 81 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 77.0 2021 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 34 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 54.8 2023 • 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 4- Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 4- Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 7k SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.4 2020 • ■» For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 10.5 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 79.0 2022 » + mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 277 IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 86/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 POVERTY Mf«ff Q 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100- 90- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Iran, Islamic Rep. SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANBSIRGNG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Iran, Islamic Rep. ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.6 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 58.7 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 278 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.4 2023 • ^ 5.2 2023 • ^ SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.1 2020 • T 4.7 2022 • 1» 4.3 2017 • • 25.8 2016 • + 2.2 2017 • 1» 1.6 2021 • + 0.8 2018 • ^ 0.1 2020 22.0 2020 • ^ 8.1 2021 • 1» 12.6 2021 • 1» 12.0 2021 • 1» 0.0 2021 • 1» 14.8 2019 • 1" 58.1 2019 • • 21.5 2019 • ^ 77.4 2019 27.6 2020 • 1» 99.0 2014 • • 98 2021 • 1» 77 2019 • 1» 5.0 2022 • ^ SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 64.4 2020 • 1* 99.9 2020 • 1» 91.4 2020 • 1» 98.7 2021 • 1» 68.6 2010 • 7k 99.7 2021 • * 22.6 2022 • 5.6 2021 • 97.5 2020 • T 90.3 2020 81.3 2019 • • 3.7 2020 • • 664.9 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 96.1 2020 • ^ 2.3 2019 • ^ 0.8 2019 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.3 2021 • • 16.2 2018 • • 90.0 2021 • ^ 1 1.1 2023 • ^ 0.2 2021 • ^ 0.0 2018 • 1* 1 1.5 2018 • • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 70.1 2022 Population using the internet (%) 78.6 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 104.5 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.9 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.9 2019 2.8 2018 45.1 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.9 1.9 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA 39.2 99.5 60.0 0.6 9.5 11.1 0.8 34.7 4.4 0.2 NA 2019 2020 2022 2017 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 4,543.5 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 67.2 69.0 3.9 0.0 43.5 36.7 0.84 0.0 2022 2022 2018 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.2 2018 7k * * 7k * 2.4 2014 • • 25.1 2014 • • 69 2022 • * 98.6 2010 • • 25 2022 • NA NA • • 0.0 2021 • • 24.8 2023 • 0.6 2021 • * 0.5 2021 • 7k 0.5 2021 • 6.5 2020 • NA NA • • 25.4 2009 • • 0 2021 • • 58.7 2022 • 7k mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 279 RAQ Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 105 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11* Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Iraq SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Iraq ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.9 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 56.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 14% 280 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus IRAQ Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 15.9 2020 • 9.9 2022 3.0 2018 • 30.4 2016 • 2.1 2017 • 2.7 2021 • 1.0 2018 • NA NA • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 55 2019 • 4.9 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) tower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 1.7 2018 76.1 2020 • 1» 14.1 2021 • 1» 24.5 2021 • 1» 24.0 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 23.6 2019 • ^ 89.7 2019 • • 27.3 2019 • + 72.4 2019 • 1 70.0 2016 • • 95.6 2018 • • 75 2021 • 71 7t a NA NA • • 92.8 2007 • • 48.4 2007 • • 93.5 2017 • • 53.8 2018 • ^ 86.0 2021 • ^ 16.4 2022 • + 28.9 2021 • ^ 98.4 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 79.5 2019 • • 13.1 2020 • • 909.9 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 99.0 2020 • 1» 2.6 2019 • ^7 0.4 2019 • -6.4 2021 • NA NA 8.6 2021 • 5.7 2023 • NA NA • • 0.0 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 69.6 2022 • • 48.9 2021 • 1» 47.5 2021 • 1» 2.0 2018 • 4» 20.8 2022 • • 0.4 2021 • 1» 0.0 2020 • ^ SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 29.5 2012 • • 1.1 2012 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 49.3 2020 • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 61.9 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 88.2 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 63.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 33.5 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.0 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 22.7 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.9 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2016 • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.3 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 0.3 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 • 77.8 2022 • * NA NA • • 7.1 2019 • 2.8 2019 • 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 5.6 2022 • 8.1 2022 • 0.79 2023 • NA NA • • 0.0 2018 • • 9.4 2013 • • NA NA • • 74 2022 • * 98.8 2018 • • 23 2022 • 4.5 2018 • • 0.0 2021 • • 32.9 2023 • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 7.5 2020 • * NA NA • • 38.6 2019 • * 0 2021 • • 56.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 281 RELAND OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 17 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 13 * SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Ireland IL Jl SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANB STRONG 71 Ha^eI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Ireland OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 60.6 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 91.3 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 282 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus IRELAND Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 7.4 2018 • • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 25.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.6 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 74.5 2021 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 34.3 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 5.0 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.1 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.1 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.8 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.7 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 12.8 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.8 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 5.7 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.7 2017 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 83 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.9 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) NA NA Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 18.6 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 16.0 2021 # 1* SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 98.1 2020 100.0 100.3 NA 62.9 504.7 11.1 17.0 2020 • 2020 • NA • 2021 • 2018 • 2018 • 2018 • 103.7 85.1 22.5 8.3 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) _ SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.4 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 91.3 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 20.0 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 87.0 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 5,285.6 Population using safely managed water services (%) 97.3 Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 82.9 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 5.5 2023 12.3 2021 • 2022 • 2021 • 2018 • 2020 2020 2019 • 2020 • 2018 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 2020 2019 2019 • 7i 5.6 1.7 99.7 0.8 0.6 160.7 69.9 2021 • 2018 • 2021 • 2021 • 2018 • • 2018 2021 • 2021 • 1" SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita! CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) SDG14- Life Below Water Value Year RatingTrend 99.9 2022 • • 95.2 2021 • * 08.7 2021 • * 3.3 2018 • 54.0 2022 • • 3.8 2021 • * 1.2 2020 • 10.7 2020 • 25.3 2020 • * 18.1 2020 • • 29.0 2016 • * 2018 • * 2018 • • 2018 • • 0.0 2020 7.8 2019 97.0 2020 63.0 2022 5.6 2018 97.5 2022 18.7 2019 18.1 2018 13.6 2018 120.3 2018 63.7 2018 2.0 2021 1.0 2020 7.6 2021 • 5.2 2018 • 23.1 2021 • • 52.7 2018 • * Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.2 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 66.0 2022 • 7* Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 25.2 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 17.0 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 9.9 2019 • 7k Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.4 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.7 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.92 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.7 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 19.7 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 76 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 77 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.9 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 77.2 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.7 2020 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.6 2022 • * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 77 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 47.2 2022 • * Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 129.6 2019 • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 91.3 2022 • * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 283 ISRAEL OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 48/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0R0ADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.,- SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG .. 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 Israel I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 SDG 10 : SDG 6 SDG 9 q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g mismium™ I iu INEQUALITIES A. ■w B 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG INSTTTimOMS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Israel OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 62.4 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 83.3 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 9% 284 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ISRAEL Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.7 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.9 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 17.3 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 26.1 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.5 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 2.8 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.7 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.4 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 2.8 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 8.8 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.1 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.3 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 84 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.7 2022 • * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.6 2019 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 8.1 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 16.4 2019 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.9 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.5 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) 104.4 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 46.0 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 465.0 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 13.6 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 33.1 2018 • SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 68.7 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 28.3 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 24.3 2019 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 100.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 81.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,173.6 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.3 2020 • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 95.0 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.9 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 4.5 2019 • SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) -0.2 3.9 2021 2018 SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 < Population using the internet (%) 90.3 2021 < Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 123.6 2021 < Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.3 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 9 V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 47.2 2022 1 • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.8 2021 < * * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 5.4 2020 < Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) NA NA < Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 67.9 2020 < Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 39.9 2018 < Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) NA NA < SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 38.6 2018 < Palma ratio 1.3 2019 < Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 18.9 2019 < » 7k SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 < * * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 18.5 2019 < 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 < » + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 54.0 2022 < Population with rent overburden (%) NA NA < Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 87.8 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action SDG14- Life Below Water SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 14.5 2019 * > • 14.8 2018 « > • 7.1 2018 > • 30.5 2018 > 7k 35.5 2018 « > ■» 2.1 2021 > ■» 1.4 2021 « » • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 6.2 2021 « > 7k CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 3.0 2018 « > 7k CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 37.2 2019 « > • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 35.5 2018 « > 7k Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 14.8 2022 ( » * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 46.7 2022 ( » 7k Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA ( » • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 46.4 2019 ( » 7k Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 22.4 2019 ( » 7k Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 » • 17.1 2022 « > -» 22.7 2022 i > -» 0.72 2023 i > -» 0.0 2021 i > -» 2.1 2018 » • 1.9 2021 • 25.7 2016 • • 82 2022 • * 100.0 2022 • • 63 2022 • * 0.0 2021 • • 7.9 2021 • • 57.6 2023 • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 231.2 2018 • 7k 92.9 2021 • + Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.0 2020 • * NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.1 2022 • 0.3 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • 81.4 2018 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • 69.2 2022 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 59.3 2022 • 7k 17.6 2021 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 4.9 83.3 2019 2022 • • t * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 285 TALY OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 24/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0R0ADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100- 90- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi Q NUSmiHMIIIN I B* SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 1 5 /' SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG 1 1 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 iu INEQUALITIES A. B 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG INSTTTimOMS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: the full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Italy Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 73.9 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 91.9 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 286 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ITALY Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.1 2023 • 1» Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.8 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 14.2 2018 • • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 19.9 2016 • Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.6 2021 # * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 58.9 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.4 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.6 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.5 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.6 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.9 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.0 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.3 2019 tife expectancy at birth (years) 83.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.7 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 83 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 • * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.7 2021 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 9.3 2019 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 18.8 2020 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 92.0 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.8 2020 tower secondary completion rate (%) 98.7 2020 • titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.9 2019 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 28.3 2021 • 7k PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 477.0 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 8.5 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 25.9 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 74.5 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 70.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 35.7 2021 * Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 7.6 2019 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 30.0 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 58.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,058.6 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 95.8 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 95.8 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 2 2019 -» (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.3 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.5 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.4 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 97.3 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • -» Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 • -» Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 50.7 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 58.3 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 26.0 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.8 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 74.9 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 96.8 2021 • * togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.9 2018 • * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 54.6 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.3 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.5 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 6.3 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 15.3 2020 • 7k Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 47.4 2013 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 39.5 2016 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 35.2 2018 • Palma ratio 1.3 2018 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population ag ed 66 or over) 11.3 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production 0.0 2020 • * 15.8 2019 • 7k NA NA • • 43.0 2022 • 8.4 2018 • * 93.4 2022 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 17.5 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 7.7 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.0 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 29.9 2018 • -» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 20.2 2018 • -» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.1 2021 • 7k Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2020 • • SDG13-Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) SDG14- Life Below Water 5.5 2021 • 1.5 2018 • 48.3 2021 • • 50.9 2018 • 7k Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 78.0 2022 • 7k Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 67.6 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 52.3 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 41.2 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.8 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red Eist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 76.6 2022 • 7k 85.4 2022 • * 0.89 2023 • 0.0 2021 • 3.5 2018 • • 0.5 2021 • * 17.6 2020 • 69 2022 • * 00.0 2022 • • 56 2022 • * 0.0 2021 • • 1.4 2021 • • 72.1 2023 • 0.6 2021 • * 0.5 2021 • 7k 0.7 2021 • 90.3 2020 • 11.6 2020 • * 0.3 2022 • 7k NA NA • • 58 2021 • • 54.9 2022 • 28.9 2019 • * 91.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 287 JAMAICA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 82 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 POVERTY Mf«ff Q 7AFF0R0ADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH ú AND WELL-BEING ■ B n g mismium™ I SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG ■.. 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Jamaica SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 1 1 "■ SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 " SDG 6 SDG 7 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Jamaica Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 90.5 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 61.6 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 288 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus JAMAICA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.4 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 8.6 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.9 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.5 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.2 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 24.7 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.1 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 98.9 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 12.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.3 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.5 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 16.9 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 35.9 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 51.7 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.7 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 88 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 70 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 88.0 2007 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 82.0 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 96.3 2014 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 82.9 2008 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 1 14.2 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 82.7 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 28.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 91.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 86.6 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 12.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 2,255.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 82.7 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 1.9 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 6.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -4.7 2021 • 2.6 2018 73.3 2021 • 6.0 2023 • * 0.6 2021 * 0.1 2018 Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 94.4 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 82.4 2021 • 1* Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 61.5 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2 3 2018 • ^ infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 42 5 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • ^ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2002 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 45.5 2004 • • 2.5 2004 • • 31.9 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 12.7 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) # T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 91.1 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 63.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.2 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 21.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 27.0 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 15.8 2018 • 71 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.8 2021 • + SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.7 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) 0.6 2018 • 71 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.6 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 51.0 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 33.1 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.6 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 20.1 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 61.7 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.66 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • 71 herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 52.1 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.8 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 63 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.0 2017 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 44 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 2.9 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 75.9 2023 • -» Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • -» himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • -» Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.5 2021 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 29.3 2020 • * Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.6 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 289 JAPAN OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 21 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 4.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.8 2021 # * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 32.8 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.3 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 0.8 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.3 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 11.0 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 8.3 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 11.8 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.6 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 84.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.8 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2020 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 85 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.2 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.3 2015 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 12.3 2019 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 16.7 2019 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 91.8 2015 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.4 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) * 100.0 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 64.8 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 520.0 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 7.7 2018 • * Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 10.8 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods , (% of females aged 15 to 49) 68.6 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 75.7 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 9.7 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 22.1 2021 • 71 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.1 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 36.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 74.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) ,937.4 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 98.6 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 81.4 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 1 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.7 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.0 2021 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 98.5 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • -» Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 • -» Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 40.5 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 78.5 2022 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) 0. Q 2014 (% of population aged 15 to 29) y.o SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 82.9 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 227.1 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.2 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) ■ 1 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 65.9 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.1 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.3 2020 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.1 2020 Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 139.1 2020 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) NA NA • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) NA NA • • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.9 2013 • • Palma ratio 1.3 2018 • • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 20.0 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 » * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 11.0 2019 ft 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) • T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 57.0 2022 • * Population with rent overburden (%) 9.0 2018 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 93.4 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 20.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 12.3 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.3 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 18.5 2018 • ■» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 19.4 2018 • 7\ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 7.7 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2020 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 1.7 2018 • 71 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.4 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 24.1 2018 • -» SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 66.5 2022 » ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 66.7 2022 • 71 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 60.9 2018 • 4- Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 19.6 2019 » ■» Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 9.2 2019 » * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.0 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 65.1 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 63.5 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.76 2023 • + Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.1 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 13.2 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 78 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 73 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.0 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 » * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • ■» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 36.8 2020 » * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.6 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.4 2022 • 71 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 63.1 2022 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 17.6 2019 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.9 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 291 JORDAN Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 77 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER 7i Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER * STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening I Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Jordan SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANB STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Jordan ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.2 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 78.2 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 292 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus JORDAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.6 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.0 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 16.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.6 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 35.5 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.3 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.0 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 41.3 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.2 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 38.7 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 27.0 2016 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.7 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 76 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 60 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 47.9 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 79.5 2021 • tower secondary completion rate (%) 68.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.4 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 56.7 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.9 2021 • 7k Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 23.6 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 1.5 2021 • + SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.1 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 104.3 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 18.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,627.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.9 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 99.9 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.0 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.3 2019 • 7k SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.2 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.8 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 47.1 2021 • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 17.7 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 27.8 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 82.8 2021 • 1* Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 65.3 2021 • ^ Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2 7 2018 • 1* infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 33 9 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.7 2021 • ^ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.7 2016 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 33.7 2010 • • 1.4 2010 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 16.7 2020 • a Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 33.5 2019 • -» Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 89.9 2020 • -» Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2013 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 5.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 15.2 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.2 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 1 1.0 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 9.7 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.3 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 0.6 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.9 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 79.9 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 12.7 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 18.7 2022 • -» Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 36.9 2019 • 71 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 80 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.0 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 47 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 1.7 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 42.8 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 7t Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 7k Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.9 2021 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.9 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.2 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 293 KAZAKHSTAN Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 66/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B in Q NUSmiHMIIIN I B* SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 tm 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Kazakhstan SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 iu INEQUALITIES A. B 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Kazakhstan ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 78.2 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 294 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus KAZAKHSTAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.6 2023 • 1» 1.0 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 2.5 2020 • 4.9 2022 • 3.1 2015 • 21.0 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 1.0 2021 • 0.8 2018 • NA NA • • 13.4 2020 • ^ 5.0 2021 • 1» 10.3 2021 • 1» 74.0 2021 • ^ 0.2 2021 • ^ 22.4 2019 • 1" 83.5 2019 • • 12.7 2019 • 1» 74.0 2019 • 1 24.6 2020 • 1» 99.9 2018 • • 95 2021 • ^ 76 2019 • 1» 6.0 2022 • 1* 77.7 2020 • + 90.4 2020 • 4* 104.0 2020 • 1» 99.9 2020 • • 73.2 2018 • ^ 100.5 2021 • 1» 86.6 2022 • ^ 27.1 2021 • ^ 95.4 2020 • ^ 97.9 2020 • 1» 32.7 2019 • • 27.5 2020 • • 2,267.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 100.0 2020 • T 92.7 2020 • ^ 2.7 2019 • ^ 1.7 2019 • ^ -0.6 2021 • • 4.2 2018 • • 81.1 2021 • 1» 5.0 2023 • ^ 0.5 2021 • ^ 0.1 2018 • 1" 53.8 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value 68.2 90.9 93.8 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • 1» 2.5 2018 • 1" 16.5 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2021 • a Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2021 • + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 27.8 2018 Palma ratio 1.0 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 0.8 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 13.6 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) t jn Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 94.0 2020 • ■» Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.2 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 68.2 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.3 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 57.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 9.4 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2020 > -» SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 14.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.9 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 6,200.3 2020 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 28.5 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 20.5 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.87 2023 • ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 3.2 2020 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 18.3 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 65 2022 • a Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.7 2015 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 36 2022 • a Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 45.9 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • a Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • + SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.0 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 12.3 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.2 2022 » + mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 295 KENYA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 123 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11+ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG ■\ 3 Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANBSIRGNG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Kenya ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.6 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 62.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 296 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus KENYA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 20.8 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 37.3 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 26.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 18.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.9 2022 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 7.1 2016 Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.5 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 530.0 2020 • A- Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 18.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 37.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 251.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.7 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 21.0 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 131.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 28.3 2019 • hife expectancy at birth (years) 66.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 81.1 2019 • -» Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 70.2 2016 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 56 2019 • 71 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 81.2 2012 hower secondary completion rate (%) 79.2 2016 • • hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 88.7 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.1 2020 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 83.5 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 95.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 21.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 61.6 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 32.7 2020 • freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 33.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 1.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 590.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 71.4 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 19.5 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.3 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.8 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Ratal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.9 2021 • • 6.9 2018 • • 79.2 2021 • 1» 5.5 2023 • + 0.5 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • ^ 16.3 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 64.4 2022 28.8 2021 53.5 2021 2.6 2018 39.5 2022 0.1 2021 0.7 2010 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.8 2015 1.9 2015 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 50.8 2020 28.4 2019 60.2 2020 51.0 2022 0.4 2010 1.0 2019 1.2 2018 0.4 2018 18.5 2018 4.5 2018 0.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 0.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 40.4 2022 44.3 2022 22.2 2018 6.6 2019 2.4 2019 0.0 2018 33.6 2022 36.9 2022 0.79 2023 0.2 2021 0.7 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 5.3 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 39.8 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 51 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 66.9 2014 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 32 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 51.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.8 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 16.8 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 62.3 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 297 KIR I BAT Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B Q NUSmiHMIIIN I SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......tm......■!... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Kiribati SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1c PEACE. JUSTICE id ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Kiribati INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 43.8 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 39% 298 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus KIRIBATI Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) NA NA • NA NA • • 4.2 2020 14.2 2022 • 3.5 2018 • 46.0 2016 • 2.3 2017 NA NA • • 1.2 2018 • NA NA 76.3 2020 * 20.8 2021 • 48.2 2021 • 424.0 2021 • NA NA • • 50.9 2019 • 246.6 2019 • • 1.9 2019 • 1* 59.4 2019 • ^ 50.6 2017 • • 91.9 2019 • • 80 2021 • ^ 51 2019 • ^ NA NA • • 97.7 2020 • • 96.7 2020 • 4> 99.9 2020 • ^ NA NA • • 53.1 2018 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • 6.7 2021 • 4» 78.0 2020 • : 45.6 2020 • ^ NA NA • • 4.5 2020 • • NA NA • • 92.0 2020 9.9 2020 • ^ 3.2 2019 • ^ 1.1 2019 • ^ SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA 53.6 2021 41.1 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 27.8 2019 1.0 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA 10.0 2019 62.4 2020 NA NA 0.9 2016 0.9 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2017 0.6 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 32.9 2022 NA NA 14.2 2018 0.0 2019 1.1 2019 NA NA SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 40.0 2022 NA NA 0.76 2023 NA NA NA NA 7.2 2012 5.4 2016 NA NA 91.6 2019 NA NA 16.5 2019 0.0 2021 NA NA -6.8 NA 2021 NA • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA NA NA • • • • NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 21.7 2020 NA NA For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 108.7 2020 • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 43.8 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 299 KOREA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i poverty Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1c PEACE.JUSTICE id ANBSIRGNG SDG 16...-- SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 12 SDG 11 Korea, Dem. Rep. SDG SDG ""'............................"" SDG 10 SDgG 8 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■' SDG 6 • I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Korea, Dem. Rep. INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- na 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 32% 300 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus KOREA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 41.6 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 16.8 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.5 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 6.8 2016 Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.4 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 106.7 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.2 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 15.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 513.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 23.9 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 212.8 # Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 24.2 2019 • tife expectancy at birth (years) 72.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 1.0 2017 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.5 2017 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 41 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 68 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.8 2009 • tower secondary completion rate (%) NA NA • • titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2018 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 89.6 2017 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.8 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 84.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 27.7 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 41.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 52.3 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1 1.5 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 2.1 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.4 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • 104.6 2018 • • NA NA • • 2.9 2023 • ^ NA NA • • 0.0 2018 • 1" 0.0 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 80.1 2022 • • 0.0 2012 23.1 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 29.8 2019 73.6 2020 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.9 2018 0.0 2018 7.8 2018 0.3 2018 NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 53.1 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 35.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 30.1 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.5 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 0.0 2022 0.92 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA 100.0 2009 17 2022 4.3 2017 0.0 2014 21.7 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0 2021 NA NA mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 301 KOREA, REPUBLIC OF OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 31 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY ■ ■ q ZERO C HUNGER ■ IrMtt B B 7 affdrdarleand / clean energy I DECENT WORK AND I ECONMC GROWTH MLIFE GELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track 4 GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELL-OEING ■ B El Hi 9K»sm.iMHnoN I ANDHRASTRUCTURE I si»: 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 51» , SDG 13 SDG V IU INEQUALITIES •w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG msmvnoNS B j Korea, Rep. j SDG 11 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain SjGacevec ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topia/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable SDG 4 SDG 7 SDG '.............................' SDG 10 SDgG 8 in RESPnaBii It. coNsumn ANDPRDDUCTRM CO INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Korea, Rep. Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 76.2 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 100 ^-F 87.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 302 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -„» Implementing the SDG Stimulus KOREA, REPUBLIC OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.3 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 15.3 2020 • 7k SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.7 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.2 2020 • * Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 4.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.8 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.7 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 8.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.4 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.9 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 44.0 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 7.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 18.9 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.6 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 0.9 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2015 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 87 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.0 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.2 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 12.3 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 15.9 2020 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 89.8 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.6 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) 90.2 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2018 • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 69.3 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 519.7 2018 # Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 8.0 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 14.2 2018 • * 90.0 74.4 19.0 31.1 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) _ SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 85.2 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 76.8 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,208.0 Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.2 Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 99.9 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 82.3 2023 2021 • ^ 2022 • i» 2021 • ^ 2021 • 7k 2020 • 2020 • 2019 • 2020 • 2018 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • * 2019 2019 -0.1 1.9 98.7 0.6 0.1 38.8 68.5 NA 2021 « 2018 • 2021 • 2021 • 2018 • 2018 2022 • NA • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 97.6 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 117.2 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.7 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 64.1 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.9 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 4.8 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 16.6 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 62.6 2020 • * Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 0.8 2020 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 25.2 2017 SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.4 2016 • • Palma ratio 1.3 2020 • 7k Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 40.4 2020 » -> SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 23.8 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 72.0 2022 • * Population with rent overburden (%) 3.1 2012 • • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 93.0 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 15.8 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 21.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.1 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 31.6 2018 • -» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 23.5 2018 • -» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.5 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2020 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 11.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 1.4 2018 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1.1 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 49.2 2018 » + SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.7 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 65.3 2022 • 7k Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 42.2 2018 • + Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 27.2 2019 •> * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.6 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 36.8 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.69 2023 • + Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.5 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 35.6 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 79 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) NA NA • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 63 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD 1.5 2021 per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.8 2023 • ■» Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • ■» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 105.2 2020 • 7k SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.8 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.2 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 63.8 2022 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 10.0 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.8 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 303 KUWAIT Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 08/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG ' 11 SDG Kuwait SDG , 3 SDG 10 SDG 9 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLGEING ■ B p g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Kuwait OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 65.2 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-F 69.2 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 18% 304 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus KUWAIT Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.9 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.3 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 37.9 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 11.2 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.8 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 7.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.9 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 8.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 20.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 11.9 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 45.2 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.4 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.2 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 94 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 70 2019 • 71 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.8 2022 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 43.9 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 80.8 2021 tower secondary completion rate (%) 86.6 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.3 2020 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 67.6 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 117.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 55.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3,850.5 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 43.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 6,422.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.5 2019 • -» Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.1 2020 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) » NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 79.8 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.5 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 106.8 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 77.4 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 99.7 2021 • 1* Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 1 36.6 2021 • ^ Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.7 2021 • Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2020 • ^ 3.0 2018 • ^ 29.6 2022 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) » 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 60.7 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 95.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.6 2010 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 15.8 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 155.0 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 8.1 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 43.1 2018 • a Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 30.0 2018 • 71 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.0 2020 • + SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 25.0 2021 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQVcapita) 3.1 2018 • 7k CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 14,959.1 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 32.1 2022 • 7k Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 76.7 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 42.0 2019 • 7k Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 79.7 2019 • ■» Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.6 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.83 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.2 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2020 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 17.0 2019 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 96 2022 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) NA NA • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 42 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) NA NA • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 38.8 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.2 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2022 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) » NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 69.2 2022 • + mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 305 KYRGYZ REPUBLIC Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 45 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \A LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G00DHEAL1H 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 5.3 2020 • 10.3 2022 2.0 2018 • 16.6 2016 • 2.3 2017 • 2.3 2021 « 0.7 2018 • NA NA • SDG3 - Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 70 2019 • 5.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCC>2/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 84.4 2021 « 98.5 2021 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 50.4 2020 • 1» 1 1.9 2021 • 1» 17.4 2021 • 1» 130.0 2021 • ^ 0.1 2021 • 1» 20.3 2019 • 1" 124.9 2019 • • 12.7 2019 • 1» 74.2 2019 • 1» 34.0 2020 • 1» 99.8 2018 • • 89 2021 98.6 2021 • T 99.7 2019 • • 64.6 2018 • ^ 104.2 2021 • 1» 60.8 2022 • + 20.5 2021 • ^ 91.7 2020 • T 97.9 2020 • 1» 50.0 2019 • • 8.6 2020 • • 1,060.6 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 76.6 2020 • ^ 0.7 2019 • 1» 27.9 2019 • 1» -5.9 2021 • • 4.1 2018 • • 45.1 2021 • i 4.8 2023 • ^ Performance by Indicator SDG9 — Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related Value 60.8 77.9 119.3 Year RatingTrend 2022 2021 2021 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.4 2018 0.0 2022 2021 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 29.0 2020 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.4 19.8 100.0 68.0 0.5 1.5 7.5 1.3 23.3 6.9 0.2 2020 2019 2020 2022 2015 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.4 202.9 2021 2018 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 23.6 35.4 0.98 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.0 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA 14.5 65 98.9 27 22.3 NA 2018 2022 2018 2022 2018 0.1 2017 49.9 0.6 0.5 0.4 2023 2021 2021 2021 0.5 2021 • + Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.6 2020 • 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 8.6 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 26.2 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 81.5 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 307 LAO PEOPLE'S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC south Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING 115 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF«llMBLEAn CHAN ENEMY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 5.3 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.4 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 136.5 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 126.1 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21.0 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 42.5 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 143.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 26.8 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 195.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.5 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 83.4 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 64.4 2017 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 73 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 50 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.0 2022 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 70.6 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 92.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 61.3 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 94.3 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.3 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 86.9 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.0 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 85.2 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 79.5 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 843.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 8.5 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.8 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 22.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.9 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 9.4 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 37.3 2021 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.9 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 22.1 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 71.2 2022 62.0 2021 56.4 2021 2.4 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2002 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 38.8 2018 1.8 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 21.8 2020 23.1 2019 62.2 2020 79.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.1 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 2.5 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.0 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 24.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.8 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.8 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.4 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 69.1 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 48.6 2022 30.1 2022 0.82 2023 1.9 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA NA NA 63 2022 73.0 2017 31 2022 28.2 2017 0.0 2021 36.7 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.5 2020 NA NA 1 1.3 2020 0 2021 60.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 309 LATVIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 4/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15 J' SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) tife expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) tower secondary completion rate (%) titeracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) Value 0.0 0.0 16.9 2.5 1.8 1.6 23.6 2.4 3.9 0.8 45.8 19.8 18.3 2.1 3.7 16.0 0.3 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) Year RatingTrend 2023 • 1» 2023 • i» 2020 • 4> 2020 • 2022 • 2021 • 2016 • 2017 • 2021 • 2018 • 2021 • 2020 • 2020 • T 2021 • i» 2021 • i» 2021 • i» 2021 • ^ 21.6 2019 • ^ 40.1 2019 • • 75.4 10.8 99.9 94 72 6.1 3.8 40.9 22.6 2019 • 2019 2020 • 2017 • 2021 • 2019 2022 • 2020 2020 • 2019 98.7 98.3 99.8 45.5 487.3 8.4 18.5 81.0 105.3 81.1 29.0 19.8 92.4 1.1 90.7 3,666.45 96.3 83.4 100.0 100.0 41.5 0.0 3.9 96.6 0.8 0.2 65.3 69.9 2019 2019 97.7 2020 2020 • 2020 • 2021 • 2021 • 2018 • 2018 • 2018 • 2023 • T 2021 • 1» 2022 • i» 2021 • i» 2019 • ^ 2020 • 2020 2019 • 2020 • 2018 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • * a • * 2021 • • 2018 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • • 2018 • ^ 2018 • • 2021 • 1» 14.9 2021 SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 91.2 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 142.2 2021 • * togistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.0 2018 JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 33.1 2022 # • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.6 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.7 2020 • -» Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 4.6 2020 • -» Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 2.6 2020 • -» Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 22.3 2020 * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 31.1 2017 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.5 2019 • Palma ratio 1.5 2020 • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 35.0 2020 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 12.7 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 56.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 1.8 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 92.6 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.6 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 8.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 52.9 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 55.9 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 7.6 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2020 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.9 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 3.0 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 13.2 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 29.2 2018 • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 96.2 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 62.6 2022 • a Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 5.3 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 5.5 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.7 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 97.3 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 97.4 2022 • * Red tist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 3.0 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 26.1 2020 • * Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 74 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 59 2022 * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.3 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 164.6 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.7 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.2 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) # Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 73 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 55.3 2022 • a Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.4 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.8 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 311 LEBANON Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 95 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7ATF0RDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11* Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 32.0 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.2 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 20.6 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 8.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 9.7 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 19.9 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 58.6 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.4 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 1 1.7 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.2 2004 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 67 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 72 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 2.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA • • Power secondary completion rate (%) NA NA • • hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2019 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 62.6 2023 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 95.2 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 42.8 2022 • -» Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4.7 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 92.6 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.2 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 58.8 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 38.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,351.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) NA NA CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.9 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 3.3 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -12.4 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.7 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 20.7 2021 • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 12.8 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 49.8 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 98.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 86.6 2021 • ^ Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 77.8 2021 • ^ hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 33.8 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.8 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 31.8 2011 • • Palma ratio 1.2 2011 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 4.5 2016 • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 30.6 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 32.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2014 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 8.2 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 30.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.4 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.4 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 20.9 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.3 2021 • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.4 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.8 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 10.8 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 57.5 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 9.0 2008 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.3 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 4.7 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 9.0 2022 • -» Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.93 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.3 2020 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 39.9 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 50 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.9 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 24 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 50.5 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 7k Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.3 2020 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 11.6 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 75 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 58.5 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 313 LESOTHO Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 143 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NUSmiHMIIIN I H71 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 tm 1 SDG SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 tesotho SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Lesotho ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.9 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 57.5 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 14% 314 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus LESOTHO Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 27.9 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 45.4 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 34.7 2020 • 4- Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.8 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.1 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 16.6 2016 4. Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.7 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.1 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 566.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 35.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 72.9 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 614.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 4.8 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 42.7 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 288.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 31.9 2019 • 4. Life expectancy at birth (years) 50.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 90.8 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 86.6 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 87 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 48 2019 • -» Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.2 2022 • 4- SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 38.7 2019 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 91.6 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 47.8 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 89.3 2021 • 7k SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 82.8 2018 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 109.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 80.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 23.3 2021 • 4- SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 72.2 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 50.3 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 47.4 2020 • : 40.1 2020 • ^ 4.9 2019 • ^ 6.5 2019 • ^ -8.3 2021 • • 4.2 2018 • • 45.6 2017 • • 17.9 2023 • 4» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 68.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 48.0 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 64.2 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.0 2018 m J. infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2015 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 44.9 2017 • • Palma ratio 2.4 2017 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 25.6 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 26.6 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) t jn Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 91.3 2020 • 7k Satisfaction with public transport (%) 38.0 2022 • 4- SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.1 2006 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.0 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.5 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.94 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 37.7 2008 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 19.5 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 29 2022 • 4- Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 44.5 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 37 2022 • 4- Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 13.9 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.3 2023 • 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.8 2021 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.4 2020 • 4- Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 57.5 2022 • 7k mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 315 LIBERIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 157 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 49 i 1^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7att0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Liberia SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 1 1 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG 71 Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Liberia ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.0 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 64.9 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 316 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus LIBERIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 34.3 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 65.8 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 38.3 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 26.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2019 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 9.9 2016 Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.1 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 652.3 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 29.9 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 76.0 2021 • -» Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 308.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 17.8 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 152.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 38.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 128.0 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 84.4 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 58 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 42 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.0 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 71.5 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 73.1 2020 • tower secondary completion rate (%) 44.2 2017 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 55.4 2017 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 47.5 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 61.3 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 1.0 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 75.3 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 18.2 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 441.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 27.5 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.4 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 4.0 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.4 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -7.9 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.4 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 51.6 2021 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.6 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 5.4 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 52.7 2022 33.6 2021 6.6 2021 1.9 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.3 2016 1.4 2016 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 63.9 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 8.3 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 23.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2007 Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 1.1 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 5.3 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.8 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 96.7 2022 48.3 2022 20.2 2018 0.2 2019 0.2 2019 0.0 2018 15.8 2022 24.3 2022 0.90 2023 1.1 2021 0.0 2018 3.1 2012 63.0 2017 32 2022 66.3 2020 26 2022 31.7 2020 0.0 2021 64.3 2023 0.5 2021 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 4.3 2021 NA NA 24.5 2013 68 2021 64.9 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 317 LIBYA Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aft0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0— STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B p g NustsnHMim I H71 in 1C PEACLJUSIIGE ID ANDSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,!Z......tm......L. SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Libya SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Libya INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 24.4 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 25% 318 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus LIBYA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 52.2 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.2 2014 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 32.5 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2007 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.7 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation 72.1 2020 • 5.8 2021 • 10.8 2021 • 59.0 2021 • 0.1 2021 • 18.6 2019 • 53.9 2019 • 21.3 2019 • 75.8 2019 • 10.9 2013 • 99.9 2013 • 73 2021 • 60 2019 5.8 2022 NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • 99.6 2004 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 24.0 2014 • 17.4 2021 • * 56.9 2022 • 16.0 2021 • Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 92.1 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 817.1 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 9.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 69.7 2020 • + NA NA • • 1.5 2019 • ^ 0.0 2019 • ^ -6.6 2021 • • NA NA • • 65.7 2017 • • 20.5 2023 • + NA NA • • 0.1 2018 • ^ 35.3 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 76.4 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 17.8 2014 • • Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 17.0 2021 • + Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.2 2018 • J. infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 55.5 2019 m -1- 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 47.0 2022 * -» SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2011 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 11.5 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 27.7 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 47.8 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 37.0 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2019 . * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 11.1 2021 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCQ2/capita) 0.6 2018 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 22,548.4 2019 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 50.9 2022 • 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 20.0 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 32.1 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 10.4 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports 0.1 2018 (per million population) B # SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 90.0 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 63 2022 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) NA NA • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 17 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2011 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 40.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.1 2011 • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 24.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 319 LIECHTENSTEIN Western Europe OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7att0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG 11......m......■!... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Liechtenstein SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 S°G Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I H71 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANOSTRONG • Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Liechtenstein INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 - 73.8 - 91.1 - 94.5 - 96.2 - 97.8 - 98.3 ■• 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- na 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 68% 320 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus LIECHTENSTE Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) » 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) NA NA Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) NA NA • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • SDG3 - Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • « NA NA • 4 NA NA • « NA NA • « NA NA NA • • NA • • NA NA • • 98.3 2021 • 1» 99.2 2021 • ^ 100.0 2020 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 28.0 2021 • 1* 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) NA NA • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) NA NA CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) NA NA • • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 56.1 2019 • * SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) NA NA Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 95.6 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 123.5 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.6 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) NA NA • • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 2.4 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.9 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 80.8 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 5.1 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 25.0 2020 • * Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.5 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 71 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 321 LITHUANIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 37 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7 AFFOROAOLEiHI / CLEAN ENERGY B «0 GLHATE 10 ACTION q ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLGEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.,-- SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 15 , SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 Lithuania SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 If) KDKED IU INEQUALITIES .A. B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG IKSmVTOS B 71 Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Lithuania OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 57.4 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F 100 -I-F 88.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 322 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus LITHUANIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 15.4 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.5 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.8 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 26.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.9 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 45.6 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 12.1 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 8.7 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.9 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.3 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 26.0 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 19.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 38.8 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 10.1 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2020 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 88 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 70 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.0 2022 • * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.3 2020 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 42.1 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 18.9 2019 T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 95.4 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2020 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100.9 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2021 • • - Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 57.5 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 479.7 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 12.5 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 22.2 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 73.0 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 86.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.7 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 9.3 2020 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 93.9 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.8 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 52.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 22,548.4 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 94.9 2020 * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 93.9 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 4.7 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 33.5 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 2.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.8 2018 # • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 93.5 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.9 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 72.4 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 14.1 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 86.9 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 122.5 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.7 2018 JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 29.8 2022 # • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.8 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.2 2020 • Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 7.5 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 2.3 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 42.6 2020 • Pi Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 29.6 2017 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 35.3 2019 • * Palma ratio 1.5 2019 • Pi Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 28.7 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 11.2 T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 44.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 2.7 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 86.7 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 12.3 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 8.5 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.4 2018 • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 69.0 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 64.2 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 12.1 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.9 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 8.6 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 40.0 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 45.0 2018 • • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.5 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 60.5 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 2.6 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.0 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 91.7 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 95.2 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.8 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 10.9 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 68 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 62 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD 2021 per 100,000 population) 1.1 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 86.8 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 195.4 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.2 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.3 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) # T Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 57 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 51.0 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) NA NA • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.1 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 323 LUXEMBOURG OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG 100- COUNTRY RANKING 33 STATUS OF /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7att0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WOflR AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH fill B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 90- SDG TARGETS 80- SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 22.6 2016 Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.6 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 65.3 2021 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 208.3 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 6.5 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.7 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.7 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 6.1 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.8 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 12.5 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.8 2020 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2009 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best 86 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.2 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 0.0 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 9.2 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 19.2 2021 + SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 98.7 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.3 2020 # tower secondary completion rate (%) » 98.6 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 63.1 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 476.7 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 20.9 2018 • Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 26.8 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods NA NA (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 35.0 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 3.4 2014 • • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.1 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 98.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 9,563.01 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.5 2020 • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 96.8 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 11 9 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 16.5 2019 • + SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 3.0 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.5 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 2017 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 98.8 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population 124.6 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 69.4 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 7.8 2021 • * SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 98.7 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 115.0 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.6 2018 • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 49.2 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 4.1 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.1 2020 • Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 6.2 2020 • Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 51.9 2020 • * Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 10.5 2020 • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 27.6 2016 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.2 2019 • Palma ratio 1.1 2019 • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 5.2 2019 • * SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 9.5 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) * T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 84.0 2022 • * Population with rent overburden (%) 11.7 2018 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 99.4 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 18.9 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 17.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 57.2 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 89.7 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 18.1 2021 • 7k Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 13.2 2021 • 7k CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BTGy/capita) 3.9 2018 • 7k CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 68.7 2018 • * SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 84.3 2022 * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.1 2022 • Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 7.9 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.6 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 49.8 2019 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 89 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 77 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 82.0 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 87.1 2019 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.0 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 1.0 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 74 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 55.0 2022 • 7k Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) -64.4 2019 • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.8 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 325 MADAGASCAR Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 156 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 50 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 w Madagascar SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Madagascar ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.5 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 53.7 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 326 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MADAGASCAR Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 66.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 79.4 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 48.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 38.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.2 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.3 2016 -» Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.7 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 391.5 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24.1 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 66.0 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 233.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.4 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 26.0 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 208.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.2 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 150.8 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 45.8 2021 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 39 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 35 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.0 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 59.3 2019 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.7 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 35.5 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 80.5 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 65.6 2020 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.0 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 95.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 53.4 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 12.3 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1 1.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 195.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 33.7 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.0 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 2.0 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 30.7 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -7.7 2021 • • 7.5 2018 • • 17.9 2017 • • 2.1 2023 • ^ 0.6 2021 • 4» 0.0 2018 • ^ 3.1 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 41.4 2022 19.7 2021 17.8 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2017 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 42.6 2012 2.1 2012 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 67.4 2020 22.3 2019 65.0 2020 48.0 2022 0.4 2016 0.6 2019 1.0 2018 0.2 2018 12.1 2018 1.2 2018 0.0 2021 0.1 2021 0.1 2018 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 20.1 2022 53.2 2022 8.1 2018 20.3 2019 5.7 2019 0.0 2018 26.6 2022 49.2 2022 0.74 2023 0.9 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 56.4 2018 39 2022 78.6 2018 26 2022 36.7 2018 0.0 2021 56.7 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 4.5 2020 NA NA 10.6 2020 0 2021 53.7 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 327 MALAWI Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 135 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 5.8 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 380.7 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 41.9 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 132.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 1.1 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.6 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 148.5 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 33.4 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 101.8 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.4 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 48 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.1 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 22.8 2018 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 76.2 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 77.3 2019 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 87.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 87.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 70.0 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 26.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 17.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 171.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 14.9 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 1.0 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.8 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 42.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -5.4 2021 • • 7.5 2018 • • 42.7 2021 • : 5.6 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 67.1 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 24.4 2021 • 7k Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 39.3 2021 • 7k Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.2 2018 m JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) * 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 38.5 2019 Palma ratio 1.7 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 49.8 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 23.0 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 80.7 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 39.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.2 2013 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.6 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.1 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 9.4 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.2 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 • * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 0.0 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.5 2020 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 63.2 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.8 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.81 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.5 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 1.8 2012 • • 17.6 2020 • 43 2022 • 5.6 2014 • • 34 2022 • 14.0 2020 • • 0.0 2021 • • 60.3 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 0.4 2021 • 0.6 2021 • 7k 0.5 2021 • : Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.9 2020 • 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 2.6 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 12.5 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 64.8 2022 • 7k mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 329 MALAYSIA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 78/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 1 SDG 15 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG ■■ 12 SDG 11 " SDG Malaysia SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG 7 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt q ZERO C HUNGER B 7 AFRHIMBLEAID / CLEAN ENERGY B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNDHC GROWTH 10 CLMATE 10 ACTION B 1 4 A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Malaysia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 81.4 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 76.6 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 330 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MALAYSIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.5 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 21.9 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.7 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 15.6 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.8 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.4 2018 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 356.2 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 21.1 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.2 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 7.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 97.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 18.5 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 76.5 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.7 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.6 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 76 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.0 2022 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 86.1 2021 • + 97.8 2021 • ^ 87.0 2021 96.8 2019 • ^ SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 58.4 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 67.0 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 14.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.1 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.6 2018 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 12.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,560.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 95.5 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.6 2019 • ^7 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.9 2021 • • 6.9 2018 • • 88.4 2021 • 1» 3.8 2023 • ^ 0.6 2021 • : 0.1 2018 • ^ 33.6 2018 • • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 93.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 96.8 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 125.1 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.2 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.0 2018 3.1 2018 40.5 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 41.1 2.0 2015 2015 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 14.8 2019 99.0 56.0 1.2 11.1 17.3 2.4 30.8 15.7 1.5 2020 2022 2014 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 7.7 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.9 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 3,372.9 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.7 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.8 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 23.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 29.4 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.7 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 37.0 32.5 0.70 1.2 2022 2022 2023 2021 2.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.7 2021 • * 40.5 2020 • 61 2022 • * NA NA • • 47 2022 • NA NA • • 0.1 2014 • • 62.8 2023 • 0.6 2021 • * 0.6 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 6.1 2020 • NA NA • • 15.9 2020 • 0 2021 • • 76.6 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 331 MALDIVES East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 68/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER a q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER a 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ p g NUSmiHMIIIN I I9i SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 tm 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 r~ Maldives SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Maldives ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.6 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 61.8 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 22% 332 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MALDIVES Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.0 2023 • 1» 0.0 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic tevel (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • 13.9 2022 • 9.1 2017 • 8.6 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 2.3 2021 « 0.9 2018 • NA NA • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 56.7 2020 • 1» 4.1 2021 • 1» 6.0 2021 • 1» 38.0 2021 • ^ NA NA • • 1 1.6 2019 • 1" 32.0 2019 • • 1.6 2019 • 1* 79.6 2019 • 1» 5.9 2019 • 1» 99.5 2017 • • 96 2021 • ^ 69 2019 • ^ 5.2 2017 • • 91.9 2020 • 1» 99.9 2020 • 1» 1 1 1.2 2019 • 1* 99.4 2021 • 1» 29.2 2016 • ^ 94.6 2021 54.6 2022 • + 4.6 2021 • + 99.5 2020 • T 99.2 2020 • 1» 15.7 2019 • • 3.8 2020 • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 99.2 2020 • 1» 2.5 2019 • ^ 0.4 2019 • ^ -3.6 2021 • • NA NA • • 79.6 2017 • • 4.9 2023 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 93.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 85.8 2021 • + Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 46.4 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.7 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) w V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.3 2019 • * Palma ratio 1.1 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 34.8 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 m 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) 6.8 • T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.0 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 59.0 2017 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.3 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.6 2021 SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.1 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCiVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 50.7 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 43.4 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.83 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.6 2019 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 50 2017 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.8 2017 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 40 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 56.9 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.9 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 17.7 2009 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.8 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 333 MALI Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 131 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleaid CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 13 * SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG ■.. 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Mali SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 " SDG "'...........................' SDG 10 s^ 8 " SDG 6 SDG 7 Hi 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Mali ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 59.1 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 334 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MALI Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 15.7 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 46.2 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 9.8 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 23.8 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.6 2022 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.6 2016 Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • a Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 440.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 97.1 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 50.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.3 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 22.3 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 167.1 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.7 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 164.0 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 67.3 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 42 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 44.8 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 59.0 2018 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 29.7 2017 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 46.2 2020 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 41.2 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 108.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 67.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 27.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 82.5 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 45.4 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 305.7 2018 • • 50.6 2020 • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2020 • 1.0 2019 8.1 2019 • -6.1 2021 • # 3.6 2018 43.5 2021 • a 2.9 2023 • 0.6 2021 • • 0.0 2018 5.9 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 59.8 2022 34.5 2021 40.0 2021 2.3 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.2 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 36.1 2018 1.5 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 41.9 2020 39.4 2019 84.6 2020 48.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2012 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 26.2 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.1 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2019 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 61.6 2022 89.5 2022 0.98 2023 0.2 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA NA NA 75 2022 86.7 2018 28 2022 13.2 2017 0.0 2021 52.3 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.6 2021 5.9 2021 NA NA 15.0 2020 0 2021 59.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 335 MALTA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 41 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NUSmiHMIIIN I 1371 SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Malta SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Malta OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 61.5 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- I-1- 80.3 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 336 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MALTA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.2 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 28.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.9 2017 • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 10.5 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 2.9 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.9 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.8 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 12.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 10.5 2019 ♦ diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) T Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 20.9 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.0 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 81 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 98.6 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.8 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 105.5 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 75.4 2023 • a Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 75.9 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 13.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 81.2 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) » 15.5 2019 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 8,655.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 1.2 2019 • 7.7 2019 • ^ SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 100.0 2022 • • 87.5 2021 • 1» 78.7 2021 • 1» 2.9 2018 • 4» 29.6 2022 • • 2.1 2021 0.7 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 31.0 2019 1.2 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCiVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 13.3 2019 100.0 2020 59.0 2022 2.2 2019 14.5 2019 17.9 2018 4.7 2018 17.0 2018 66.0 2018 5.5 2021 3.3 2021 2.1 2018 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.9 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 50.4 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 18.9 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 8.7 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 15.8 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 90.9 2022 NA NA 0.87 2023 NA NA 1.1 2018 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.4 2021 30.1 2020 71 2022 100.0 2022 51 2022 NA NA 1.1 2015 59.8 2023 -0.5 2021 NA NA Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 0.4 2021 2021 • • • • 96.5 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • 2.8 2023 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.8 2021 • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.1 2020 • * 0.2 2018 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.3 2022 61.5 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 79 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 80.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 337 MARSHALL ISLANDS Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleaid CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B p g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......tm.......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Marshall Islands SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Marshall Islands INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 35.5 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 55% 338 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MARSHALL ISLANDS SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 30.5 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.5 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 52.9 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) NA NA • • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 29.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 483.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, NA NA diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and NA NA ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) NA NA Life expectancy at birth (years) NA NA # Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 84.5 2011 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 92.4 2017 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 58.8 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 68.3 2021 • tower secondary completion rate (%) 95.9 2021 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.5 2011 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.5 2007 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.8 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) NA NA • 6.1 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 88.6 2020 • ^ 84.2 2020 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 99.2 2020 • T 63.9 2020 • ^ NA NA • • 0.4 2019 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Performance by Indicator SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 85.9 2022 38.7 2017 0.0 2017 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.2 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.5 2019 1.5 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tQjy/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA NA NA 35.7 2020 NA NA 0.4 2013 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.7 2021 NA NA NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 7.8 2022 29.3 2022 2.3 2018 NA NA NA NA NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 10.1 2022 NA NA 0.83 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 83.8 2017 NA NA NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.7 2021 NA NA NA NA • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA • • • • • • NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 20.0 2020 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports NA NA Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 31.3 2020 » + (per 100,000 population) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 35.5 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 339 MAURITANIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 133 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NUSmiHMIIIN I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 tm 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Mauritania SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Mauritania ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.1 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 58.9 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 340 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MAURITANIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 5.3 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 20.0 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 10.1 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 22.1 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 13.6 2022 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 12.7 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.0 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 463.8 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 22.6 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 40.5 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 81.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 16.1 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 128.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 25.6 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 84.0 2014 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 70.4 2021 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 63 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 40 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 76.9 2019 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 45.9 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 76.5 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 22.4 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 87.0 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 46.6 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 71.7 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 49.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 13.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 709.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 47.3 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 42.6 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 2.0 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -4.1 2021 • • 21.4 2018 • • 20.9 2017 • • 1 1.2 2023 • + 0.5 2021 • • 0.0 2018 • 1" 9.6 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 47.0 2022 58.8 2021 70.8 2021 2.3 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2018 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 32.6 2014 1.3 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 56.0 2020 50.4 2019 65.5 2020 42.0 2022 0.4 2009 1.4 2019 3.0 2018 0.5 2018 37.9 2018 5.9 2018 0.6 2021 0.9 2021 0.2 2018 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.2 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 59.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 17.6 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1.0 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.9 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1 1.2 2022 0.0 2022 0.98 2023 NA NA 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2020 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 53 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 65.6 2015 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 30 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 14.0 2015 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.5 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.3 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.2 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 58.9 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 341 MAURITIUS Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 93 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt q ZERO C HUNGER B 7 ATFORDABLEAKO / CLEAN ENERGY B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH «0 CLMATE 10 ACTION B 1A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Mauritius SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG t Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Mauritius OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 46.2 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 77.3 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 14% 342 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MAURITIUS Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.5 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 7.8 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 10.8 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.6 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 84.4 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.6 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 16.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 12.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.5 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 23.2 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 34.7 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.2 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 23.7 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 77 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 65 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 62.5 2022 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.7 2022 Power secondary completion rate (%) 102.6 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.3 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 41.9 2014 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.5 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 63.9 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.0 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 95.5 2017 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 21.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.7 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 96.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.5 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.7 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.0 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 90.5 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.1 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA NA NA SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 99.8 2022 • • 67.6 2021 • 1» 108.7 2021 • 1» 2.8 2018 • *t 0.0 2022 • • 0.4 2021 • : 0.4 2020 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 36.8 2017 • • 1.6 2017 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 14.2 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) # Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.9 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 66.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.3 2021 • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.4 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 11.1 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 69.2 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 71.9 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 5.1 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2008 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.8 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 9.6 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.39 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 22.1 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 56.3 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 65 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) NA NA • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 50 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 65.6 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.4 2021 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 24.3 2020 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 81 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 77.3 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 343 MEXICO OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 80/166 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG ' 11 SDG .. 2 SDG "..........................." SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG \ 3 SDG SDG 4 SDG 5 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt B 7 affordadleand / clean energy B q ZERO C HUNGER ■ B decent work and i econdhc growth Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELL-OEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi IU inequalities .A. B 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID and STRONG iNsnrurmis I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Mexico Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 91.9 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 88.6 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 344 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MEXICO SDG1 - No Poverty Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 5.8 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 10.1 2023 • Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 16.6 2020 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 6.1 2020 ^ Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 28.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.9 2021 # * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.9 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 59.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.1 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.2 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 25.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 44.7 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.8 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 70.5 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.6 2017 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 78 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 74 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.0 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.2 2021 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) NA NA Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 7.4 2020 # T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 99.3 2020 99.2 2020 90.5 2020 99.1 2020 27.1 2021 416.0 2018 12.1 2018 46.8 2018 * SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 83.1 2018 • 97.2 2021 58.9 2022 • 50.0 2021 • 12.5 2021 99.7 2020 • 92.4 2020 44.7 2019 25.2 2020 • 1,348.14 2018 43.0 2020 • 57.3 2020 • : 99.4 2020 • 1» 84.9 2020 • 1» 1.4 2019 • 1» 10.3 2019 • ^ -5.6 2021 • 2.7 2018 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 96.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 75.6 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 85.9 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2018 » JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.8 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 31.4 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2020 • + Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 1.2 2020 Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 0.1 2020 • + Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 59.8 2012 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 30.6 2017 • * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 45.4 2020 Palma ratio 2.1 2020 » * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 19.8 2020 • 71 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 17.6 2020 » ■» Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 19.0 2019 » 91 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.1 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 64.0 2022 • * Population with rent overburden (%) 4.1 2018 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 34.7 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.7 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 9.7 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.4 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 32.1 2018 • ■» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 11.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 » * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2012 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.2 2021 • 71 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 0.9 2018 • 71 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1,356.02021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 30.4 2018 » + SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 62.5 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 69.5 2022 • 7k Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 17.3 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 32.4 2019 • 4- Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 17.5 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.1 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.5 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.67 2023 • + Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 28.2 2021 • 4- Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 41.6 2021 • 7k Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 47 2022 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 97.0 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 31 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 6.0 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2019 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 48.0 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • + Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.3 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • + Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 163.8 2020 • 7k 36.9 2017 • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.6 2020 0.5 2021 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA « 0.1 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.2 2020 « 18.7 2018 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 54 2021 « 62.5 2022 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 53.1 2022 « 20.9 2021 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 20.4 88.6 2019 « 2022 « * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 345 MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF ocean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty Mftt 7affordable and clean energy o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 ifüv 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG \. 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG ■- 12 \ Insufficient Data SDG 11 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. ............................. SDG SDG .....................................SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ p g NustsnHMim I in 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRBNG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Hole: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Micronesia INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 35.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 46% 346 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MICRONESIA, FEDERATED STATES OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 45.8 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 74.3 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.9 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 24.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 80.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 46.3 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 254.0 2019 • # Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.0 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 44.0 2009 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2009 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 64 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 48 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 12.6 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 83.0 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 74.4 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 63.3 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 7.1 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 88.3 2019 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 88.3 2019 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) NA NA • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 82.9 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 13.0 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) NA NA • • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -6.3 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 57.9 2022 40.4 2021 0.0 2017 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.2 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.1 2013 1.8 2013 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA 10.7 2019 NA NA NA NA 0.6 2016 1.9 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.4 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.6 2022 88.9 2022 97.2 2018 0.0 2019 3.0 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 NA NA 0.64 2023 0.0 2021 NA NA 0.9 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 12.5 2020 NA NA 27.1 2020 0 2021 35.3 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 347 MOLDOVA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 25 /166 COUNTRY SCORE i78^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mitt t q ZERO C HUNGER a Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if a \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NUSmiHMIIIN I 1371 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 tm 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15/J SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 IT ^[ Moldova SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Moldova ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 ■—I- 82.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 348 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MOLDOVA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.6 2023 • 1» Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.0 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.9 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.9 2012 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 18.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.9 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 12.3 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 84.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.3 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.1 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 68.9 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 18.4 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 83 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • 7* Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.8 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.7 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 107.7 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.7 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 59.5 2020 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 82.3 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.6 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 90.6 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 78.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 12.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 9.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,055.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 95.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.0 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 22.0 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 1.9 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.5 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 64.3 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.3 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports 0.2 2018 (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 65.4 2018 Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 95.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 61.3 2021 • ^ Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 87.8 2021 • ^ Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 20 2018 • ^ infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , 00 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • ^ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2020 • ^ SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 26.0 2019 • 1» 0.9 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 6.5 2018 • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 15.8 2019 m 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) # Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 93.0 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 68.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 2.7 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 4.0 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 1.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.2 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 34.6 2018 • ^ Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1 1.7 2018 • \ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 • ^ bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.8 2021 • ^ 0.9 2018 • + 0.0 2021 • • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • 0.0 2018 • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.4 2022 • * 81.8 2022 • 0.95 2023 • * 0.0 2021 • * 0.0 2018 • • 3.0 2020 • * 7.1 2019 • * 67 2022 • * 99.6 2012 • • 39 2022 • NA NA • • 0.3 2011 • • 77.6 2023 • * 0.5 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 7k 0.4 2021 • -» 10.8 2020 • * NA NA • • 27.9 2020 • * 0 2021 • • 82.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 349 MONACO Western Europe OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7affor0ad1eahi CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER Q Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELL-REING ■ p g NustsnHMim I Si Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,1Z......m.......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Monaco SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Monaco INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F na 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 66% 350 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MONACO Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) NA NA Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) NA NA • • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) NA NA # • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) NA NA Life expectancy at birth (years) NA NA • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) NA NA • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 88 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 92.4 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.6 2022 Lower secondary completion rate (%) NA NA • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 33.3 2021 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) NA NA • • Population using the internet (%) 86.1 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 97.9 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 7.0 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.0 2005 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 11.8 ■ T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 3.5 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 57.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.75 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports 0.4 2018 (per million population) * * SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2008 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 35.5 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 2.6 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 67 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 351 MONGOLIA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 06/166 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 POVERTY Mfüff Q 7aft0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Mongolia SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACUUSTIGE ID AND STRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Mongolia ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.8 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1— 84.0 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 352 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MONGOLIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 1.2 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 4.7 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.6 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.1 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.9 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.6 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.4 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 39.5 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 428.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 35.0 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 214.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 21.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 68.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 26.9 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.3 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 63 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.8 2022 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 95.5 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 90.6 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.1 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 63.6 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 112.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 77.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17.1 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 85.5 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 67.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,823.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 98.1 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 51.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCC)2/TWh) 7.6 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.9 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 12.3 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.5 2021 • 1» 3.9 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 66.2 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 84.3 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 1 16.2 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2018 m JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.1 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) » 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.7 2018 Palma ratio 1.3 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 17.9 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 38.6 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 34.8 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 40.0 2022 » * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 2.6 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 5.2 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 19.8 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.0 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 176.3 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 12.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.7 2019 » * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 15.1 2021 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.8 2018 • 4- CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 22,554.7 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 45.2 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.5 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.96 2023 • ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.2 2021 • ■» Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 20.7 2020 • ■» Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 49 2022 • 4- Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.6 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 33 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 14.7 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.3 2023 • 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • a Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 4- Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • ■» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.6 2021 • 7k Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.8 2020 • 7k 0.1 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 41.4 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 29.2 2020 • * • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.0 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 353 MONTENEGRO Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 67 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS I no i POVERTY fffftff 10 mute 10 action O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECOKDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (% Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 /m 1 S » SDG 15 / SDG , 3 SD H 5D' 13 SI >C 1? r 1 Montenegro SDG 4 SDG 5 MSG 11 SDG 7 10 SDG 9 4fl REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG INSimiTIONS B t I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Montenegro Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 77.1 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 ^ 78.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 16% 354 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -m* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MONTENEGRO Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.5 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.2 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.2 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 23.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.3 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 6.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.3 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 1 15.2 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.6 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 9.6 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.8 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 18 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.6 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 79.8 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.5 2021 Power secondary completion rate (%) 88.9 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.1 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 32.9 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 93.7 2021 • a Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 77.6 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 24.7 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 8.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 62.4 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.8 2019 -» Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 38.7 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.9 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 68.4 2017 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 16.1 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • * Imputed data point Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 95.9 2022 • Population using the internet (%) 82.2 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 89.5 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.6 2018 JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 16.5 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.9 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2019 • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 36.8 2018 • * Palma ratio 1.5 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 8.8 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 19.6 2019 • a Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 96.2 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 39.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2018 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.7 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2021 • * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.8 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 213.2 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 17.8 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 74.6 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.2 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.6 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.1 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.9 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 49.2 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.80 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.4 2021 • a Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 40.9 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 84 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.4 2013 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 45 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 7.7 2018 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2017 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 74.3 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 35.9 2015 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.1 2022 • * Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 355 MOROCCO Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 70/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 POVERTY Mf«ff Q 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k\ LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I H71 SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Morocco SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSIRBNG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Morocco ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.1 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 72.3 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 356 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MOROCCO Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 1.4 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 8.9 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.6 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.8 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.3 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 26.1 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.3 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.5 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 71.9 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1 1.1 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 18.0 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 94.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.1 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 66.6 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.0 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 22.5 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 86.6 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 99 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 73 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.6 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 66.1 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.6 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 75.6 2021 • 7k Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.4 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.0 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 72.6 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 30.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.8 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 90.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 87.3 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 50.8 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 5.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,062.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 98.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.6 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.2 2021 • • 2.4 2018 • • 44.4 2021 • • 10.5 2023 • + 0.5 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • ^ 10.7 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 91.6 2022 • • 88.1 2021 82.0 2021 2.4 2018 23.6 2022 0.3 2021 0.7 2010 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 39.5 2013 1.8 2013 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 10.9 2020 33.4 2019 92.6 2020 57.0 2022 0.5 2014 4.6 2019 9.2 2018 0.8 2018 16.7 2018 6.1 2018 0.1 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 58.0 2022 55.9 2022 10.6 2018 13.3 2019 7.8 2019 0.0 2018 59.5 2022 71.2 2022 0.88 2023 0.3 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 1.9 2021 18.1 2020 68 2022 96.9 2018 38 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 43.7 2023 0.5 2021 0.5 2021 0.6 2021 9.4 2020 NA NA 26.6 2020 0 2021 72.3 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 357 MOZAMBIQUE Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 49/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFTaUMBLEAn CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11 + SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 .......©............. ■ Mozambique ■ SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Mozambique ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.9 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 56.7 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 358 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MOZAMBIQUE Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 68.0 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 86.0 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 32.7 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 36.4 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.9 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 7.2 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.0 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.6 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 127.1 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 27.5 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 69.6 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 361.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 30.6 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 228.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 30.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 58.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 180.0 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 73.0 2015 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 61 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 47 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.1 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 32.2 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 72.5 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 55.5 2015 • a Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 59.4 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 99.3 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 42.4 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 63.4 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 37.2 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 20.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 295.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 30.6 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 5.1 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.4 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 14.9 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -7.6 2021 • • 5.4 2018 • • 49.5 2021 • • 3.9 2023 • ^ Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 51.4 2022 Population using the internet (%) 17.4 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 19.3 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2015 2.2 2016 0.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 54.0 3.9 2014 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 55.0 20.5 77.7 54.0 2020 2019 2020 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCiVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.3 0.5 1.2 0.5 5.1 2.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 427.3 2014 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 2021 2018 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 47.2 52.1 1.1 10.2 7.2 0.0 39.6 64.5 0.78 0.5 2022 2022 2018 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.0 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 3.6 34.8 51 55.0 26 NA 2011 2017 2022 2015 2022 NA 0.0 2021 56.1 0.5 0.4 0.3 2023 2021 2021 2021 0.4 2021 • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.7 2020 • * 0.0 2018 • 1" For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 5.2 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 23.0 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 56.7 2022 • a mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 359 MYANMAR East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 125 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDARLEAID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 Myanmar SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANOSIRBNG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Myanmar ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 72.0 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 360 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MYANMAR Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 8.6 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 37.2 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.1 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 24.1 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.4 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.8 2016 -» Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.2 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 178.7 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21.7 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 41.8 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 360.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.9 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 184.1 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.4 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 69.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 21.3 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 60.2 2016 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 37 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 61 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 1 1.8 2018 # # (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.1 2018 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 64.8 2018 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.4 2019 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 74.9 2015 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 90.5 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 58.9 2020 • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 83.7 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 73.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 245.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 70.4 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 31.3 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 1.4 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.4 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -8.0 2021 • • 1 1.0 2018 • • 47.8 2021 • : 1.5 2020 • • 0.5 2021 • : 0.0 2018 • 1" 2.8 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 64.3 2022 44.0 2021 109.6 2021 2.0 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.1 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 30.7 2017 1.2 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 58.3 2020 34.2 2019 66.2 2020 56.0 2022 0.3 2000 1.6 2019 1.5 2018 0.3 2018 24.1 2018 1.7 2018 0.3 2021 0.7 2021 0.1 2018 728.4 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 19.2 2022 43.1 2022 20.2 2018 46.7 2019 5.6 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 22.3 2022 27.1 2022 0.79 2023 0.6 2021 0.0 2018 28.4 2021 15.1 2016 31 2022 81.3 2016 23 2022 9.9 2015 0.0 2021 28.3 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.3 2021 2.9 2020 NA NA 15.4 2019 0 2021 72.0 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 361 NAMIBIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 09/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ i POVERTY Mftt 7AFTaUMBLEAn CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER -» Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 17.2 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.5 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.9 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 214.6 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.5 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 39.0 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 457.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 2.9 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.6 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 142.5 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 34.8 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 63.9 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 88.2 2013 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 62 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.9 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 68.9 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.6 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.9 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.6 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.4 2013 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 107.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 89.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 44.2 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 84.3 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 35.3 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.9 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 5.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,501.1 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 56.3 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 46.8 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.7 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 20.2 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -6.6 2021 • • 3.3 2018 • • 71.4 2021 • 1» 20.6 2023 • ^ 0.5 2021 • 0.1 2018 • 28.9 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 72.9 2022 53.0 2021 76.0 2021 2.8 2016 0.0 2022 0.2 2021 0.4 2014 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 59.1 2015 5.5 2015 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 41.4 2018 25.8 2019 96.9 2020 42.0 2022 NA NA 6.4 2019 8.1 2018 3.5 2018 27.9 2018 20.0 2018 0.4 2020 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.8 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 83.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 81.2 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 5.2 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 34.7 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.6 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 86.2 2022 85.7 2022 0.97 2023 0.0 2021 1.3 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 12.5 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 3.2 2016 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 41 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 78.1 2016 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 49 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 80.9 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 14.0 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 31.6 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 55.8 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 363 NAURU Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt B 7 aftordableako / clean energy B O zero C hunger B Q decent work and 0 econohc growth fill B 1A LIFE 14 below water 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data q gooohealth 0 anb well-being ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,1Z......iD.......1... SDG SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Nauru SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C peace. justice ID anbstrong t Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Nauru INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 32.6 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 52% 364 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus NAURU Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • NA NA • • 2.5 2020 • 14.8 2022 • 1.0 2007 • 61.0 2016 • NA NA • • NA NA • • 0.7 2018 • NA NA NA NA • • 17.7 2021 • 27.6 2021 93.0 2021 • NA NA NA NA • • NA NA # • NA NA NA NA • • 94.0 2015 • • 97.4 2007 98 2021 NA NA • • NA NA • 96.0 2020 • 95.7 2020 86.6 2019 NA NA 42.5 2007 • NA NA • • NA NA • • 10.5 2021 • Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 65.6 2017 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 15.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 1.9 2019 • ^ 0.6 2019 • ^ -3.2 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA 83.9 2021 32.0 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 34.8 2012 1.4 2012 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2020 1 1.8 2019 52.8 2019 NA NA 1.6 2016 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.8 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 18.5 2022 39.1 2017 0.0 2019 0.0 2003 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 NA NA 0.76 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 95.9 2013 NA NA NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16.0 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA 32.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 365 NEPAL East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 99/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLOEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Nepal SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Nepal ■ Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.2 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 62.0 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 366 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus NEPAL Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Value Year RatingTrend 3.7 2023 • 1» 16.6 2023 • : 5.5 2020 • ^ 26.7 2022 • ; 7.7 2022 • I 4.1 2016 • ^ 2.1 2017 • •+ 3.2 2021 • 1» 0.4 2018 • ^ NA NA • • 174.4 2020 • 1» 16.2 2021 • 1» 27.2 2021 • 1» 229.0 2021 • ^ NA NA • • 21.5 2019 • 4> 177.9 2019 • • 16.3 2019 • ^ 70.9 2019 • 1 63.0 2018 • • 77.2 2019 • 1» 90 2021 • 1» 53 2019 • : 5.5 2022 • 1» SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Power secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 70.8 2022 • + 97.6 2022 • ^ 96.9 2021 • 1» 94.2 2021 • • 61.9 2019 • ^ 66.9 2021 • ; 53.9 2022 • I 32.7 2021 90.1 2020 76.6 2020 • 1» 8.3 2019 • • 0.0 2020 • • 486.9 2018 • • 89.9 2020 • 1» 34.8 2020 • ^ 2.1 2019 • ^ 7.1 2019 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.2 2021 • • 6.0 2018 • • 54.0 2021 • : 1 1.0 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 69.1 2022 51.6 2021 59.6 2021 2.2 2018 29.6 2022 0.1 2021 0.3 2010 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 32.8 2010 1.3 2010 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 40.3 2020 95.7 2019 52.9 2020 71.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.2 2016 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.9 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 1.3 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.7 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 13.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.1 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 51.7 2022 35.1 2022 0.83 2023 0.0 2021 0.0 2018 * 2.3 2019 • NA NA • • 63 2022 • 77.2 2019 • • 34 2022 • 21.7 2014 • • 0.0 2021 • • 57.9 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 0.5 2021 • + Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.7 2020 • 7k 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 13.6 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.4 2020 • 7k Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 62.0 2022 • 7k mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 367 NETHERLANDS OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 20 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 7afhheubleand clean energy O ZERO C HUNGER 0 0 DECENT WORK AND B 0 ECONOtRC GROWTH fit 11 LIFE 14 BELOW WATER 0 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS i Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B 9h»STRr.lHKAmi I ANDHRASIRLCTIK I si»: 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 20.4 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.9 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 76.2 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 47.6 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.3 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.7 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.1 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.4 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 13.2 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 4.0 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.8 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.5 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2003 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 86 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.4 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 1.5 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 25.6 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 14.4 2020 # SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 99.2 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.7 2020 • * Lower secondary completion rate (%) » 99.8 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 55.6 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 502.3 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 12.9 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 20.0 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Dec 5.5 2023 96.4 86.2 39.3 13.3 VUIKCIIIU LIUIIUIIIII. UlUWMI Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 100.0 97.7 17.0 100.0 6,241.56 100.0 97.5 100.0 100.0 1.3 8.5 0.7 1.8 99.7 0.8 0.4 121.2 80.2 2021 « 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2019 • 2020 • 2018 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2019 • 2019 2021 • 2018 • 2021 • 2021 • 2018 • 2018 2021 • * * 7.4 2021 • 1" Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 92.1 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 138.7 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 4.2 2018 • * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 68.9 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.9 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.3 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.7 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 49.1 2020 • -» Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 6.1 2020 • -» Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 29.3 2017 • Jt SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.2 2019 • -» Palma ratio 1.2 2020 • -» Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 5.9 2020 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 11.4 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 69.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 6.1 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 94.2 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 21.6 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 15.0 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 8.8 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 42.4 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 45.4 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 24.5 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.1 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 3.3 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 49.6 2018 • JL SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 96.6 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 59.5 2022 • 71 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 53.1 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 39.2 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 18.7 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 79.6 2022 • 71 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 87.3 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.94 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 6.0 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.7 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 28.5 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 82 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 80 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 2.9 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.0 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 • * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 64.3 2020 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.0 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.7 2022 • * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 74 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 70.5 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 110.9 2019 • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 92.8 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 369 NEW ZEALAND OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING 27 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt • q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH fill B 1A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G000HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 *m 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 New Zealand SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 IU INEQUALTTIES .A. B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANOSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX New Zealand OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 65.7 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 88.7 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 370 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus NEW ZEALAND SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend NA NA • • NA NA • • 12.4 2020 • 71 SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3- 2.5 2020 2.6 2022 0.7 2021 30.8 2016 2.4 2017 8.7 2021 1.1 2018 NA NA 130.1 2020 - uooa neaitn ana wen-Beir SDG4 - Quality Education Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 7.0 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.5 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.7 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 6.8 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 12.2 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 9.6 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.6 2020 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.4 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 86 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.0 2022 • Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 4.4 2018 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 5.3 2021 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 9.4 2021 • * Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 89.6 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) » 98.8 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 45.3 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 502.7 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 13.9 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 18.0 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 85.6 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 88.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 49.2 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 6.7 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 8.0 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 79.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,180.77 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 82.2 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.8 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 29.6 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.4 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 0.6 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 98.8 # Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population 84.2 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 79.7 2022 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) 12.5 2021 (% of population aged 15 to 29) SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action Value Year RatingTrend 99.9 2022 « > • 95.9 2021 « > * 95.4 2021 « 4.0 2018 * > * 54.2 2022 > • 3.5 2021 * > * 1.4 2019 > * 10.6 2019 « 1 1.7 2020 « > + 19.0 2012 > • 35.0 2017 4 > * NA NA 1.2 2020 16.8 2020 SDG14- Life Below Water 0.0 2020 * > * 5.6 2019 * > * 00.0 2020 * > * 52.0 2022 * NA NA « 1 • 96.9 2022 « > • 19.2 2019 « > • 13.6 2018 « > • 9.0 2018 « > • 173.3 2018 « 31.6 2018 « 5.4 2021 « NA NA « > • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 6.6 2021 ( » 7k CO2 emissions embodied in imports (HLIVcapita) 3.0 2018 ( CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 650.8 2021 » • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 33.2 2018 ( » * Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 46.5 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 78.5 2022 * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 60.4 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 45.3 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.3 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 46.2 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 24.2 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.61 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.6 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2019 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 31.1 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 59 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 87 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.5 2018 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.2 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 196.4 2020 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.7 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.2 2022 ■ public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) # Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 66.4 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 3.2 2019 • * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.7 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 371 NICARAGUA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 04/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG ......2 f Nicaragua SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG 4 SDG 5 I POVERTY Mftt 7AnTtLDABLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AHB WELL-BEING ■ v* B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG 71 I Major challenges W Significant challenges W Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Nicaragua Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 95.7 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 52.7 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 372 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus NICARAGUA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 8.4 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 23.1 2023 • -» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 18.6 2020 • -» Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 14.9 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.2 2012 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 23.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.6 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 77.9 2020 -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.4 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 45.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 84.5 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.0 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 102.6 2018 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.1 2017 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 83 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 70 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.4 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 84.6 2010 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.3 2010 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 66.4 2010 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 91.6 2015 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 89.8 2011 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 108.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 59.1 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 50.5 2021 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 81.7 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 73.0 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.7 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 964.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 88.9 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 56.2 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.3 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.5 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.6 2021 • • 2.9 2018 • • 26.0 2021 • ^ 5.9 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 64.7 2022 57.1 2021 62.8 2021 2.5 2016 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.1 2015 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 46.2 2014 2.6 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 67.2 2010 16.2 2019 95.5 2020 73.0 2022 0.7 2010 2.5 2019 7.3 2018 0.7 2018 33.7 2018 8.3 2018 1.7 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.7 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 49.9 2022 60.2 2022 28.4 2018 27.2 2019 12.1 2019 0.0 2018 67.6 2022 58.9 2022 0.82 2023 0.8 2021 0.5 2018 1 1.0 2021 14.6 2018 58 2022 84.7 2012 19 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 37.1 2023 0.5 2021 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 • ^ Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.0 2020 • * 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 1 1.5 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 18.7 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 52.7 2022 • 7» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 373 NIGER Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 161 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 48 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aetoi0ableaiii CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I H71 SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 /as 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG .. 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 * T Niger ■ SDG 12 '1 SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG 11 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Niger ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 65.3 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 374 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus NIGER Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 54.0 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 84.4 2023 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 47.4 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.9 2022 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.5 2016 • * Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.4 2021 • 4- Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • 4- Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 13.9 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 441.1 2020 • ■» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 33.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 1 15.2 2021 • ■» Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 79.0 2021 • ■» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 21.0 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 213.3 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 25.5 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 63.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 154.0 2016 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 43.6 2021 • ■» Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 80 2021 • 4- Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 37 2019 • ■» Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.5 2022 • a SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 20.7 2021 • 4- Net primary enrollment rate (%) 57.7 2021 • + Lower secondary completion rate (%) 16.2 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 47.2 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 36.9 2020 • 4- Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 61.2 2021 • ■» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 74.2 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.9 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 46.9 2020 • ■» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 14.8 2020 • ■» Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1 1.0 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 163.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 19.3 2020 2.4 2020 4.0 2019 1.8 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 57.7 2022 22.4 2021 5.5 2021 2.0 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.3 2018 1.6 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 70.4 2018 106.1 2019 93.6 2020 64.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) NA NA Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.5 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.4 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.1 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 20.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.3 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 54.7 2022 58.2 2022 0.93 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 4.4 2012 56.0 2019 60 2022 63.9 2012 32 2022 34.4 2012 0.0 2021 -6.2 2021 « 6.7 2018 « Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 66.8 2023 • 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 0.4 2021 2021 • • • • 5.5 2017 « • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • 0.5 2023 « * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.6 2021 « • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.2 2020 0.0 2018 « For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 3.6 2018 « Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 13.5 2007 • • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 65.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 375 NIGERIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 46/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFH«MBLE*m CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 8.9 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.0 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.6 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 11.4 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 1,047.0 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 34.9 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 1 10.8 2021 • -» Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 219.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.3 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.9 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 165.2 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.8 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 106.0 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 43.3 2018 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 56 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 66.0 2010 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 47.1 2010 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 75.0 2018 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 35.6 2018 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 74.5 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.5 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 3.6 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 77.6 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 42.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 9.7 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 177.1 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 55.4 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 15.0 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 4.1 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.9 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) » NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 45.3 2021 • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.8 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 5.8 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 75.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 55.4 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 36.6 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2007 2.6 2018 39.0 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.1 2018 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 49.0 83.6 12.0 59.0 0.5 2.3 0.4 0.7 7.4 1.7 0.1 2020 2019 2020 2022 2009 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.7 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1,018.4 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 30.6 10.2 16.6 0.2 0.0 79.9 73.7 0.85 0.5 2022 2022 2018 2019 2019 2018 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.0 2018 21.7 72.4 53 42.6 24 31.5 2019 2022 2022 2018 2022 2017 0.0 2021 49.6 0.6 0.3 0.5 1.0 NA 5.0 0 58.6 2023 2021 2021 2021 2020 NA 2013 2021 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 377 NORTH MACEDONIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 60 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 poverty 7AFFORDABLE AH CLEANEMEKET O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DEGENT WDRK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B 1A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (% 16. SDG SDG 17 /m 1 SDG 2 SDG 15/ SDG 5D' 11 SDG 1.', I Worsening _ T ted:: oa ess I Achieved or on track SDG 12 North Macedonia SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 ■'MV / Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ -V» B Hi n HMSMmmiiK i O AIDinASIRUCTIK i 4fl REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES •w B 1C PEACE, JUSTICE ID AND STRONG iNsmunoNS B 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members North Macedonia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 - 73.8 - 90.8 - 91.1 - 94.5 - 96.2 - 97.8 - 98.3 • 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 ^ 83.5 378 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% NORTH MACEDONIA Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 1.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 3.2 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.3 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.7 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.4 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.5 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 3.0 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.4 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 1 1.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.7 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 95.6 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.2 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 15.6 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 68 2019 • a Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 34.8 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.2 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 83.0 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.6 2014 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 29.6 2018 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 89.3 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 66.2 2022 • a Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 41.7 2021 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.7 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.3 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 25.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 2,349.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 78.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/hWh) 1.4 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 16.3 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.4 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.7 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 85.3 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 16.1 2023 • a Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 25.3 2018 • * Imputed data point Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 90.5 2022 • Population using the internet (%) 83.0 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 67.4 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.5 2018 • hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.5 2021 • a Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2020 • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 33.0 2018 • * Palma ratio 1.2 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 29.2 2019 • a Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.2 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) 37.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2018 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.9 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 27.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.8 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 24.0 2018 • -» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 17.0 2018 • -» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.5 2021 • a SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.3 2021 • -» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) 0.5 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.9 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 27.1 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 93.6 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2019 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 8.4 2018 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 70 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.8 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 40 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 2.9 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 74.4 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • -» himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • -» Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • -» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.1 2020 • a For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 27.7 2020 • a Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.5 2022 • * Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 379 NORWAY OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 7 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 \ * 1 Norway SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B III g NUSmiHMIIIN I IU INEQUALITIES ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG iNsnrumis B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Norway OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 58.6 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1— 93.5 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 380 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus NORWAY Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%)_ SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) Value Year RatingTrend 0.3 2023 • ^ 0.6 2023 • ^ 8.4 2020 • ^ 2.5 2020 2.6 2022 0.7 2021 23.1 2016 2.5 2017 4.2 2021 1.2 2018 57.0 2021 3.1 2020 1.7 2020 1.3 2021 2.2 2021 2.9 2021 0.0 2021 8.7 2019 7.9 2019 2.1 2019 82.6 2019 2.3 2019 99.2 2020 97 2021 86 2019 7.3 2022 1.1 2021 18.0 2020 8.0 2021 * SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action 96.3 2020 • ^ 99.8 2020 • ^ 100.3 2020 • 1» NA NA • • 55.0 2021 • 1» 496.7 2018 • ^ 8.9 2018 • ^ 20.8 2018 • 4r SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 88.7 2023 • 102.1 2021 • 96.5 2022 • 45.0 2021 • 4.6 2021 • 100.0 2020 • 98.1 2020 • 2.0 2019 • 64.4 2020 • ,197.50 2018 • 98.6 2020 • 65.4 2020 • * 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 0.3 2019 • ^ 62.4 2019 • 1» 2.6 2021 • 1.8 2018 • Value Year RatingTrend 94.1 2022 • • 99.0 2021 • * 04.1 2021 • * 3.7 2018 • 52.4 2022 • • 5.1 2021 • * 2.3 2020 • * 13.0 2020 • * 23.8 2020 • * 8.2 2020 • 28.5 2017 • 27.7 2019 0.9 2020 • * 4.4 2020 • * 0.0 2020 # * 6.5 2019 • * 00.0 2020 • * 61.0 2022 • 7.7 2019 * 97.4 2022 • • 26.0 2019 4 > • 19.7 2018 4 > • 11.5 2018 4 > • 46.5 2018 4 > * 54.8 2018 4 12.2 2021 4 > + 1.4 2021 4 1 • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 7.6 2021 ( CO2 emissions embodied in imports (HLTVcapita) 6.0 2018 ( CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) t 5,576.2 2021 ( Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 67.8 2018 » * SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 55.1 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 78.2 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 18.3 2018 » * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 31.1 2019 • 4- Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.4 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.8 2022 » ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 65.5 2022 » ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.95 2023 » ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 » ■» Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.8 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.6 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 91 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 84 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD 2021 per 100,000 population) 1.4 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 95.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 » * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 • ■» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 65.2 2020 » * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 99.5 2021 • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15.7 2020 4 » * 0.9 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.9 2022 4 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA 4 > • 177.5 2018 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 4 > • 76.3 2021 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 53.3 8.1 2022 4 2019 4 > * 8.4 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 93.5 2022 4 > * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 381 OMAN Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 90/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90- 80- 70- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG 15 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ SDG 11 SDG .. 2 SDG 3 Oman SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 " SDG 6 ■' SDG 7 1 ■ 1 POVERTY ■ 1 q ZERO C HUNGER ■ B B 7AFRMDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY DECENT WORK AND I ECONOMC GROWTH Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELL-OEING ■ B g nusmhowin I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Oman Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 86.2 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-F 66.1 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 15% 382 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus OMAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 9.8 2020 • 12.7 2022 • 9.3 2017 • 27.0 2016 • 2.3 2017 • 16.5 2021 • 1.1 2018 • 5.0 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Qualitv Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3, 17.0 2020 • ^ 4.6 2021 • 1» 10.1 2021 • 1» 5.9 2021 • 1» 0.1 2021 • 1» 21.5 2019 • : 104.0 2019 • • 10.6 2019 • 1* 73.9 2019 • : 7.5 2020 • 1» 99.9 2020 • 1» 99 2021 • 1» 69 2019 • : 6.9 2011 • • 62.7 2021 • + 99.9 2021 • 1» 1 15.5 2021 • 1* 98.6 2018 • • 39.6 2014 • ^ 105.4 2021 • 1» 36.9 2022 • ^ 2.3 2021 • ^ 92.2 2020 99.3 2020 • 1» 1 16.7 2019 • • 13.4 2020 • • 789.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 1.9 2019 • ^ 0.0 2019 • ^ -0.9 2021 • • NA NA • • 73.6 2011 • • 2.5 2023 • 1» NA NA • • 0.1 2018 • 1" 81.1 2018 • • SDG9_Industrv Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 96.4 112.6 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 2021 3.2 2018 29.6 2022 0.7 0.4 2021 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 45.1 97.3 73.0 1.2 15.8 8.7 4.4 38.3 18.8 0.5 18.0 1.7 1,454.0 2020 2019 2020 2011 2014 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 2021 2018 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) : SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 22.1 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 73.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 3.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 3.1 2011 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 23.3 NA 0.88 NA 2022 NA 2023 NA 0.7 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.2 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 44 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 37.9 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.2 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 66.1 2021 NA NA 2022 2022 NA 0.2 2017 2023 NA NA NA 2020 NA NA 2021 2022 • 1» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 383 PAKISTAN East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 28/166 59"^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAIG] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening I Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLREING ■ B g NustsnHMim I öl SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15,- SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Pakistan SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Pakistan ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 71.1 100 *—I MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 384 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus PAKISTAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 3.8 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 18.8 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 16.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 34.0 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.1 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.6 2016 Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 154.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 39.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 63.3 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 264.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 29.4 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 192.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 13.0 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 54.0 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 68.0 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 81 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 45 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.9 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 94.3 2019 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) NA NA • • hower secondary completion rate (%) 49.0 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 72.7 2019 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 48.5 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 77.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 30.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 90.1 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 68.4 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 108.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 256.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 75.4 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 49.3 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.7 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 7.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.0 2021 • • NA NA • • 21.0 2021 • ^ 6.7 2023 • + 0.3 2021 • : 0.0 2018 • *t 3.0 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 68.0 2022 21.0 2021 46.5 2021 2.2 2018 36.5 2022 0.2 2021 0.2 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 29.6 2018 1.1 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 56.0 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 45.0 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2017 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 2.1 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 4.9 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 21.1 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.0 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 14.6 2022 43.9 2022 30.1 2018 19.5 2019 0.5 2019 0.0 2018 34.8 2022 35.9 2022 0.84 2023 0.0 2021 0.0 2018 4.0 2021 65.7 2016 60 2022 42.2 2018 27 2022 11.4 2018 0.0 2021 40.0 2023 0.4 2021 0.3 2021 0.5 2021 3.4 2021 NA NA 13.4 2000 0 2021 71.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 385 PALAU Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mitt • 71 q ZERO C HUNGER Q Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,!Z......m.......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Pa lau SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ Q NUSmiHMIIIN I III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Palau INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 48.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 54% 386 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus PALAU Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) NA NA Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 55.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) NA NA • • 8.5 2021 • 1» 16.2 2021 • 1» 51.0 2021 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 33.8 2017 • • 97.2 2020 • + 93 2021 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • 89.3 2020 • + 97.6 2021 • 1» 103.8 2021 • 1» 98.7 2015 • • » 63.8 2023 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • 6.3 2021 • ^ SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 99.7 2020 • T 99.6 2020 • 1» NA NA • • 40.0 2020 • • NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» NA NA • • 0.3 2019 • ^ SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 98.6 2022 • • 27.0 2004 • • 0.0 2013 • • NA NA • • 0.0 2022 • • 1.4 2021 • 1» NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • 1 1.5 2019 • * 94.3 2020 • * NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.5 2016 9.1 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.9 2018 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 13.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 72.3 2022 74.9 2022 5.0 2018 0.0 2019 0.0 2011 NA NA SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 48.1 2022 NA NA 0.66 2023 0.0 2021 NA NA 1 1.2 2018 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2021 NA NA -9.9 2021 NA NA • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA NA NA • • • • NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 20.3 2020 NA NA For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 24.9 2020 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 48.3 2022 • • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 387 PANAMA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 97 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B n Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 22.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.5 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 253.7 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 49.5 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 42.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.7 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 27.3 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 13.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 67.8 2019 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.0 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 74 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 77 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.0 2022 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 80.5 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.1 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 69.9 2020 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.9 2019 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 65.2 2014 • 7* Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 105.2 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 71.8 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.4 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 84.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.9 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 23.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,038.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 96.7 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 87.6 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 14.4 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.4 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.1 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 45.0 2021 • ^ 9.3 2023 • + 0.7 2021 • 1» 0.2 2018 • ^ 66.3 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 89.1 2022 • • 67.5 2021 • 1» 78.4 2021 3.1 2018 3.4 2019 0.2 2021 0.1 2017 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 49.8 2019 3.2 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 0.0 2018 10.5 2019 98.7 2020 62.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.4 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 18.4 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.6 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 27.8 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 28.1 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 3.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.3 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 64.9 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 6.1 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 6.3 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.5 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 54.9 2022 78.4 2022 0.73 2023 0.3 2021 1.4 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 12.7 2021 41.4 2019 58 2022 96.7 2019 36 2022 2.3 2016 0.0 2019 63.7 2023 0.6 2021 0.5 2021 0.5 2021 9.8 2020 NA NA NA NA 72 2021 70.5 2022 • 1» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 389 PAPUA NEW GUINEA Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 48/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH ú AND WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 im 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Papua New Guinea SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Papua New Guinea East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.3 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 46.0 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 14% 390 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus PAPUA NEW GUINEA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 27.9 2023 4 51.7 2023 4 > -» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 21.6 2020 4 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 51.2 2022 4 > + Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 14.1 2010 4 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.3 2016 4 > 4- Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA 4 i • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.7 2021 4 > ■» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 4 > + Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA 4 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 191.8 2020 21.2 2021 42.8 2021 424.0 2021 0.4 2021 36.0 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 189.6 2019 4 t • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.3 2014 4 1.1 2019 4 > • > • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.6 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 3.4 2018 4 > • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.3 2019 4 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.6 2018 4 > • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 68.0 2016 4 > • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 5.1 2018 4 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 56.4 2018 4 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.8 2018 4 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 31 2021 4 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2012 4 > • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 33 NA 2019 4 NA 4 SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCC^/capita) 0.9 2021 4 0.2 2018 4 > * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 71.4 2018 97.6 2018 37.2 2018 67.9 2010 49.2 2016 4 75.9 2021 4 97.3 2022 4 > * 0.0 2021 4 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 45.3 2020 4 > * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 19.2 2020 4 > * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.1 2019 4 > • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 4 > • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 864.4 2018 4 > • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 60.4 2020 4 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 9.4 2020 4 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCh/hWh) 2.0 2019 4 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.5 2019 4 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -5.9 2021 4 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 10.3 2018 4 > • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA 4 > • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.7 2023 4 Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA 4 > • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 4 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 13.2 2018 > • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 39.9 2022 32.1 2021 1 1.1 2021 2.0 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2016 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 41.9 2009 2.1 2009 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA 1 1.0 2019 52.6 2020 NA NA SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 1.9 2022 62.0 2022 5.0 2018 0.5 2019 1.8 2019 0.0 2018 7.3 2022 NA NA 0.82 2023 0.1 2021 0.0 2018 9.4 2010 38.3 2016 NA NA 13.4 2018 30 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 67.6 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3.1 2020 NA NA 12.9 2020 0 2021 46.0 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 391 PARAGUAY Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 88/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt o DECENT WORK AND I ECONDHC GROWTH STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B n Hi g NusrsnHMim I SDG 16, SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG ■\ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Paraguay SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG SDG "..........................." SDG 10 S°G 8 A f! REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES .A. ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG msmvnoNS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Paraguay Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 95.6 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 ^ 75.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 392 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus PARAGUAY Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 1.2 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 4.2 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 8.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.4 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.0 2016 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.8 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 9.5 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 71.1 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 18.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 48.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.0 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 55.6 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.8 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 72.0 2015 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.7 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 68 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 61 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.1 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 75.6 2021 • 71 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 89.3 2012 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 70.8 2016 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.6 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 78.9 2016 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 71.4 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.6 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 92.7 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,045.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 68.6 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 0.1 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 41.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -2.7 2021 • # Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.6 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 54.4 2021 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.5 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 15.8 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 88.7 2022 • • 77.0 2021 • 1» 69.7 2021 • 1» 2.5 2018 • 71 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 0.1 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 43.5 2020 2.2 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 15.1 2020 10.7 2019 100.0 2020 47.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.7 2015 7.1 2019 2.4 2018 1.3 2018 73.2 2018 8.4 2018 0.2 2021 1.3 2021 0.4 2018 NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 36.3 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 38.8 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.95 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 1.6 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 7.8 2021 • 71 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 69.9 2020 • ■» Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 49 2022 • 71 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 71.0 2018 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 28 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 17.9 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 56.0 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.4 2020 • 71 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 16.7 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 75.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 393 PERU Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 65 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt q ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G000HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 19.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.7 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.1 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 68.5 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.1 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.1 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 130.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.7 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 37.9 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 13.6 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 79.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 49.7 2019 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.7 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 78 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.9 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.4 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 99.8 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.4 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 65.9 2020 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 89.2 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.4 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 40.0 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.1 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 78.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 41.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 701.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.3 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 85.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.9 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.9 2019 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 73.3 2022 71.1 2021 80.3 2021 2.3 2018 25.4 2022 0.2 2021 0.2 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 43.8 2020 2.3 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 34.5 2014 23.3 2019 94.5 2020 50.0 2022 0.8 2014 6.3 2019 5.6 2018 1.4 2018 23.3 2018 9.0 2018 0.0 2021 1.7 2021 0.5 2018 372.4 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 51.6 2022 58.5 2022 1.2 2018 0.2 2019 3.9 2019 0.0 2018 28.4 2022 37.0 2022 0.73 2023 0.2 2021 0.7 2018 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 5.7 2020 33.1 2020 41 2022 96.4 2020 36 2022 14.5 2015 0.0 2021 52.7 2023 -2.9 2021 2.6 2018 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 0.3 2021 2021 * 57.5 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 3.6 2023 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.5 2021 • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.3 2021 • * 0.1 2018 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 14.0 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 18.0 2020 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 42 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 73.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 395 PHILIPPINES East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 98/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH a \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER a STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 6.4 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.8 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 5.5 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 78.2 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 12.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 25.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 650.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 24.5 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 202.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.0 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 35.6 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 84.4 2017 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 57 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 55 2019 • a Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.0 2021 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 66.4 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 91.2 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 89.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.4 2019 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 56.0 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 106.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 65.1 2022 28.0 2021 94.1 2020 • T 82.3 2020 • 1» 26.3 2019 • • 0.8 2020 • • 421.7 2018 • • 96.8 2020 • 1» 48.0 2020 • ^ 1.3 2019 • ^ 10.4 2019 • + SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -4.2 2021 • • 7.7 2018 • • 51.4 2021 • 1 2.2 2023 • 1» 0.5 2021 • ^ 0.0 2018 • ^ 10.8 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value Year RatingTrend 87.8 2022 • • 52.7 2021 • 1 62.3 2021 • 1» 2.7 2018 • 1" 25.7 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 ( Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.3 2018 ( » • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 42.3 2018 ( » a Palma ratio 2.1 2018 ( » • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 36.6 2020 ( » ■» Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 16.9 2019 ( 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) t T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 82.3 2020 < » a Satisfaction with public transport (%) 62.0 2021 ( » + SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2016 ( Electronic waste (kg/capita) 3.9 2019 ( Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 5.0 2018 ( SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.9 2018 < Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 13.5 2018 ( » * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.6 2018 ( Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2021 ( » * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.3 2021 ( » ■» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.3 2018 ( » ■» CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 145.4 2021 ( » • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 46.6 2022 ( » a Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 48.8 2022 ( » 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 12.5 2018 ( » * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.1 2019 ( » * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.8 2019 ( » * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 ( » • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 42.8 2022 ( » a Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.1 2022 ( » a Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.66 2023 ( » 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.3 2021 ( » a Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports 0.1 2018 ( (per million population) 1 # SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.3 2019 ( » * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 59.2 2019 ( » a Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 68 2021 ( » * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 91.8 2017 ( » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 33 2022 ( Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA ( » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 ( » • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 46.2 2023 ( » 4- Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 ( » a Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 ( » 4- Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 ( » * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.0 2020 ( » a For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA ( » • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.9 2020 ( Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 ( » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.4 2022 ( » * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 397 POLAND OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 9/166 *t81^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONMC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOBBHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17......af>.. SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Poland SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Poland Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 84.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 91.6 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 398 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus POLAND Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%)_ SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) Value Year RatingTrend SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 0.4 2023 • * 0.7 2023 9.8 2018 2.5 2020 • + 2.3 2022 • 0.9 2011 23.1 2016 2.4 2017 4.6 2021 0.9 2018 • 47.5 2021 • • 2.5 2020 • • 2.0 2020 2.8 2021 • * 4.3 2021 • * 10.0 2021 • * NA NA • • 17.0 2019 40.9 2019 9.4 2019 78.3 2019 9.4 2019 • * 99.7 2020 • 80 2021 74 2019 6.7 2022 2.7 2020 26.7 2020 17.1 2019 # 95.9 2020 • 99.8 2020 97.2 2020 99.9 2021 • • 40.6 2021 • 513.0 2018 # 12.6 2018 13.8 2018 72.7 2023 102.9 2021 • * 76.5 2022 • * 28.3 2021 • 8.7 2020 • * 100.0 2020 • * 100.0 2020 • * 31.1 2019 • • 61.5 2020 • • ,347.87 2018 • • 98.3 2020 • * 90.5 2020 100.0 2020 100.0 2020 1.9 2019 • -» 12.2 2019 • _±_ 2.5 2021 • 3.4 2018 • • 95.7 2021 • * 0.7 2021 0.1 2018 • 42.6 2018 • 70.3 2021 13.8 2021 SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) ' Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best)_ Value Year RatingTrend SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 100.0 2022 • • 85.4 2021 • * 205.8 2021 • * 3.2 2018 • * 33.1 2022 • • 1.5 2021 • * 1.4 2020 • * 7.6 2020 • * 1.9 2020 24.2 2020 • * 43.4 2017 • * 30.2 2018 • * 1.0 2018 • • 12.8 2018 • • 0.0 2020 • * 19.7 2019 • PI 96.6 2020 • * 65.0 2022 • 4- 7.0 2019 • 4- 95.4 2022 • • 11.7 2019 • • 14.2 2018 • • 4.7 2018 • • 44.7 2018 • 4- 13.4 2018 • ■» 3.4 2021 • ■» 0.6 2021 • • 8.6 2021 • 4- 1.4 2018 • 4- 331.7 2021 • • 35.4 2018 » + SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 87.3 2022 « Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 64.6 2022 « Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 51.0 2018 « Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 36.8 2019 « Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.5 2019 « Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 « > • 88.7 2022 * > * 91.7 2022 « > * 0.98 2023 « > * 0.0 2021 « 1.0 2018 * > • 0.7 2021 * > * 12.8 2020 « 70 2022 « > * 00.0 2022 « 55 2022 > + 0.0 2021 « 1 • 0.0 2021 * > • 67.7 2023 0.7 2021 « > * 0.5 2021 « 0.6 2021 > + 80.6 2020 « 9.9 2020 > t 0.5 2022 * NA NA * > • 46 2021 « > • 46.1 2022 > t 5.4 2019 « > t 91.6 2022 « > t * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 399 PORTUGAL OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 18 /166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 10°" STATUS OF 90- SDG TARGETS i I Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track 16 . SDG 15/ SDG 14 13 SDG 1 2 \ SDG 11 SDG SDG 17 1 si» 2 Portugal mmA SDG SDG '.............................' SDG 10 SDgG 8 SDG 7 SI !' , 4 SDG 5 1 POVERTY MM1 7AFFORDABLE AID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER Q 0 decent work and 0 econohc growth fit \A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER Q GOOD HEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ Q lOUSOTf.IHKATIM I O UDMRASIROH I Hi Hi in REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES •w Q 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmenhun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) Portugal OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 100 71.9 73.8 91.1 - 94.5 - 96.2 97.8 98.3 • 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 100 0 (worst) to 100 (best) . U/o -I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- T 89.3 400 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -m* Implementing the SDG Stimulus PORTUGAL Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 10.6 2019 # + SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.1 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.1 2016 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.8 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.0 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 11.8 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.7 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.1 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 16.0 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 11.0 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 10.0 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.2 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 7.6 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.6 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 84 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.0 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 4.2 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 26.4 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 14.2 2019 # T SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 97.3 2020 100.0 99.3 99.7 47.5 492.0 15.9 19.6 2020 • 2020 • 2021 • 2021 • 2018 • 2018 • 2018 • SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods ( (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) [ Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCVTWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowin Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 79.1 2023 100.7 86.4 40.0 11.7 99.9 99.6 12.3 59.2 ,551.76 95.4 85.1 100.0 100.0 0.9 28.2 -2.3 2.5 2021 • 2022 • 2021 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2019 • 2020 • 2018 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 2020 2019 2019 • 7i 2021 • 2018 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.8 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 82.3 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 88.6 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.2 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 43.3 2022 # • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.6 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.9 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 4.9 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 35.3 2020 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 37.8 2017 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.8 2019 • * Palma ratio 1.2 2019 • * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 10.7 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 7.5 2019 <•> 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) * T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 54.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 5.7 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.1 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 16.6 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 8.3 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.2 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 30.0 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 25.6 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 5.3 2021 • Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.0 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLIVcapita) 1.3 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 43.8 2018 • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 70.8 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.0 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 68.9 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 27.9 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 25.7 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 77.3 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 68.6 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.86 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 4.0 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 19.8 2020 • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 80 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 62 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.2 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.6 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 112.8 2020 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 92.7 2021 • * Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.8 2020 • * 0.7 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2022 • 0.2 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • 49.8 2018 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 49 2021 • • 70.2 2021 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 56.9 2022 • 14.0 2021 • 7* Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 3.5 89.3 2019 2022 • • * * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 401 QATAR Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 00/166 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7JUTQHEUIBLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I 11* SDG 16.. SDG SDG 11......m.......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 rw\ Qatar SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Qatar OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 55.2 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 70.7 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 16% 402 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus QATAR Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) » 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.4 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 35.1 2016 • Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 7.6 2020 • -» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 42.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.7 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 90.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.3 2019 hife expectancy at birth (years) 77.2 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 7.2 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 98 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 74 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.4 2014 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 88.1 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.6 2021 hower secondary completion rate (%) 92.3 2021 hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 94.6 2017 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 68.9 2012 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 120.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 62.4 2022 • a Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 4.4 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.6 2020 -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 431.0 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 70.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 10,937.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.0 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 1.1 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) » NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 65.9 2011 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 0.1 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 255.0 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.1 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 100.0 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 144.0 2021 • * hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.4 2018 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 47.1 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2018 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 93.8 2019 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 65.0 2012 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 13.6 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 17.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 17.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 59.4 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 75.0 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • + SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 35.5 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCGycapita) 6.8 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 62,777.4 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 73.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.0 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.0 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.81 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.0 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 36.0 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 92 2012 • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 58 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 55.3 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.5 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2022 • * Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * NA NA • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.7 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 403 ROMANIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 35 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY 1 O ZERO C HUNGER ■ Ifffiffl 7afhkdabiiah I clean energy ^^^H DECENT WORK AND I ECONDHC GROWTH 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (% 16. SDG SDG 17 /m 1 SDG 2 SDG 15/ SDG 5D' 14 SDG 17. I Worsening _ T ted:: oa ess I Achieved or on track SDG 12 Romania SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG 7 Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ -V' B Hi GENDER EQUALTTY •w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS E 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable in respw9ble It. consumption andprdducttdn oo INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Romania Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 81.7 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 84.3 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 404 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus ROMANIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.6 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.1 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.7 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.5 2002 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.5 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.2 2018 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.5 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 10.1 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.2 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 45.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 21.0 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 67.8 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 10.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 37.2 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 93.1 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 71 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.4 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 88.3 2020 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 87.6 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 86.9 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 46.5 2004 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 94.9 2021 • a Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 67.6 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 87.1 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 25.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 1,948.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 87.7 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/hWh) 1.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 23.5 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 3.3 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 4.3 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 69.1 2021 • a Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.3 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 30.6 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 99.7 2022 • • 83.6 2021 • 1» 95.9 2021 • 1» 2.9 2018 • 1" 31.3 2022 • • 0.9 2021 • 1» 0.5 2020 • + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 34.8 2019 • 1.3 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 14.2 2019 • a Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 89.8 2018 • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 59.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2019 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 11.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 17.0 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.8 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 40.0 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 13.2 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.0 2021 • * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.1 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) 0.8 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 23.7 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 88.6 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 64.4 2022 • a Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 2.1 2011 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.7 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 76.0 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.8 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.87 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • -» herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.3 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7.8 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 67 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 46 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.5 2013 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 69.0 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • a Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.7 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.1 2022 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 62 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 405 RUSSIAN FEDERATION Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 49/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. 17 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Russian 1 Federation SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 IU INEQUALITIES .A. B 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Russian Federation Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 87.2 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 84.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 406 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus RUSSIAN FEDERATION Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.5 2023 0.8 2023 • * 2.5 2020 NA NA 3.3 2005 23.1 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 2.7 2021 • * 0.8 2018 • 0.1 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 13.7 2020 • 2.0 2021 • 5.1 2021 • 47.0 2021 • NA NA • 24.2 2019 • 67.1 2019 • 12.0 2019 • 73.2 2019 • 16.2 2018 • 99.6 2020 • 97 2021 • 75 2019 • 6.0 2022 • 93.0 2019 • • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 104.0 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.7 2020 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.4 2011 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.6 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 78.5 2021 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 16.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 89.4 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.1 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 18.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,384.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 86.3 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.7 2019 • 3.2 2019 • 1.0 2021 • 5.5 2018 • 89.7 2021 • * 4.7 2021 • • 0.6 2021 • 0.0 2018 1 1.8 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 94.5 88.2 107.6 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • 1» 2.8 2018 • 1" 52.0 2022 • • 0.8 2021 • 1» 1.1 2020 • + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 36.0 1.2 2020 • ; 2017 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • 15.6 2019 • * 96.9 2020 • * 61.0 2022 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.1 2012 • • 11.3 2019 • • 13.2 2018 • • 1.4 2018 • • 41.2 2018 • 7.5 2018 • * 0.2 2021 • du\j 15 — Hilmare Acriori CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 12.1 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.4 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 9,227.9 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 22.8 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 60.3 2022 • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 36.6 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 4.2 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 23.4 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.5 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 26.2 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.95 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.9 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.8 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 14.1 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 59 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 28 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 3.5 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 34.8 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.1 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 27.7 2020 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.1 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 407 RWANDA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 26/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7tfF0IEUUIL£An CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNDtK GRLWTII ■if \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track \ SDG "-. * 12 Rwanda SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustKrrMnwm I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Rwanda ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.6 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 70.6 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 408 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus RWANDA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 38.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 61.7 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 35.8 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 29.8 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.1 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.8 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.5 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 258.9 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 17.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 39.4 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 56.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.3 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 20.2 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 165.8 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 69.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 31.8 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.2 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 87 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 54 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.3 2019 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 68.1 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 44.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 86.9 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.1 2019 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 82.5 2021 • 71 Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 78.7 2022 • -» Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 61.3 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 60.4 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 68.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 20.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 312.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 46.6 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 2.4 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.0 2019 (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -2.1 2021 • • 1 1.6 2018 • • 50.0 2017 • • 12.7 2023 • + 0.7 2021 • • 0.0 2018 • ^ 5.9 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 71.9 2022 30.5 2021 47.0 2021 2.8 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 0.8 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 43.7 2016 2.3 2016 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 38.3 2020 42.3 2019 75.8 2020 47.0 2019 1.0 2016 0.6 2019 0.6 2018 0.2 2018 4.2 2018 4.6 2018 0.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 51.2 2022 38.9 2022 0.88 2023 0.3 2021 0.3 2018 3.6 2020 NA NA 80 2019 85.6 2020 51 2022 19.0 2014 0.0 2021 46.6 2023 0.7 2021 0.5 2021 0.7 2021 6.8 2021 NA NA 21.4 2020 0 2021 70.6 2022 • 1» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 409 SAMOA Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 POVERTY Mfüff Q 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Samoa SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 6 1 SDG 7 SDG 9 Q GOOOHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG 71 Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Samoa INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 62.4 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 29% 410 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SAMOA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.2 2023 • 1» 6.8 2023 • 71 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 4.4 2020 • 7.4 2022 • 3.1 2019 • 47.3 2016 • 2.3 2017 • NA NA • 0.8 2018 • NA NA • 53 2019 • NA NA • 59.1 2020 • ^ 6.6 2021 • 1» 16.7 2021 • 1» 6.8 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 31.2 2019 • ^ 145.5 2019 • • 13.0 2019 • + 70.5 2019 • ^ 54.9 2018 • • 88.9 2020 • 1» 62 2021 • + 34.9 2021 • ^ 99.0 2021 • ^ 106.7 2021 • 1* 99.1 2021 • • 27.0 2019 • + 106.8 2021 • 1» 62.0 2022 • ^ 7.8 2021 • ^ 91.8 2020 • ^ 96.8 2020 • 1» NA NA • • 0.9 2020 • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 36.5 2020 • ^ 2.2 2019 • ^ 5.0 2019 • ^ -7.0 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 9.9 2023 • + NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 87.2 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 78.2 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 12.8 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 38.7 2013 • • Palma ratio 1.7 2013 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 10.8 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 86.8 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2011 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 3.1 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2019 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 54.2 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 79.8 2022 • 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 49.9 2018 • 4- Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.5 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 47.1 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.76 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.2 2018 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 6.5 2017 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 66.9 2020 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 13.9 2020 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 82.2 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.7 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 32.5 2020 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 62.4 2022 • 7\ mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 411 SAN MARINO Western Europe OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7IFRNDABLEAIEI CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER Q Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECQNDHCIIROWTH ■if \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ p g NustKrrMnwm I Si Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17.......m.......1... SDG SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ San Marino SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 t Ha^eI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX San Marino INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F na 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 64% 412 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SAN MARINO Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) » 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) NA NA Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 195.0 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • 0.8 2021 • 1» 1.7 2021 • 1» 0.0 2021 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 1.4 2011 • • NA NA • • 89 2021 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • 98.2 2021 • • 97.5 2021 • • 87.9 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 101.9 2021 • • NA NA • • 33.3 2021 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • -0.6 2020 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 94.6 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 74.9 2021 • • Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 1 33.3 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.7 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 13.3 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) • T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 6.5 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports 59.1 2018 (per million population) * * SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2011 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.2 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 413 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 1 9/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS ffftttf 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOBBHEALTH ú ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I H71 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Säo Torné and Principe SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Sao Tome Principe ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.6 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 54.8 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 22% 414 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/hWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) Value Year RatingTrend 15.7 2023 • ^ 42.3 2023 • ^ 13.5 2020 • 10.0 2022 4.1 2019 • 12.4 2016 2.1 2017 • 2.0 2021 1.0 2018 • NA NA • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 146.2 2020 • ^ 7.6 2021 • 1» 15.4 2021 • 1» 114.0 2021 • i 0.1 2021 • 1» 21.0 2019 • ^ 225.4 2019 • • 27.9 2019 • + 70.4 2019 • ^ 86.1 2018 • • 96.8 2019 • 1» 77 2021 • + 60 2019 • ^ NA NA • • 51.3 2015 • • 94.0 2017 • • 73.5 2017 • • 98.1 2021 • • 57.7 2019 • ^ 82.2 2021 • ^ 54.2 2022 • ^ 23.6 2021 • : 78.2 2020 • ^ 47.6 2020 • ^ 1.9 2019 • • 10.9 2020 • • NA NA • • 76.6 2020 • : 3.3 2020 • ^ 1.2 2019 • 1» 0.8 2019 • + -3.6 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 15.5 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 68.8 2022 51.2 2021 39.8 2021 2.3 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.7 2017 2.0 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 52.6 2020 29.0 2019 100.0 2020 NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.4 2014 1.5 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 0.6 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 92.3 2022 47.3 2022 32.4 2018 2.8 2011 0.0 2011 0.0 2018 86.3 2022 92.8 2022 0.78 2023 NA NA 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 3.2 2011 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 32.8 2018 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 98.6 2019 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 45 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 10.5 2019 Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.5 2020 • * NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 15.6 2018 • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 54.8 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 415 SAUDI ARABIA Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 94/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY Q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17......zffjv SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 r \ ■ Saudi Arabia I SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement A'ofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Saudi Arabia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 82.3 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 I-1- 80.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 11% 416 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SAUDI ARABIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » 0.0 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » 0.0 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.4 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 35.4 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.0 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 16.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.3 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 8.2 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 20.9 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 91.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.5 2021 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 8.2 2010 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.7 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 74 2021 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.4 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 45.6 2021 • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.4 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 99.9 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.5 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 48.1 2023 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.0 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 34.7 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 19.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 974.2 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 37.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 3,509.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 # Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.5 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.6 2021 • • NA NA • • 74.3 2021 • 1» 5.6 2023 • ^ NA NA • • 0.2 2018 • 1" 83.2 2018 • • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 61.1 2022 Population using the internet (%) 100.0 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 1 19.5 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.3 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.5 2020 3.1 2018 50.6 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 0.0 88.3 NA 77.0 2020 2019 NA 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2015 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 17.6 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 89.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.8 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 60.1 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 17.4 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.2 2021 oljij 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 18.8 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCGycapita) 1.9 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 27,844.6 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 25.3 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 69.2 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 15.8 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 18.3 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 6.1 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 22.0 17.7 0.90 NA 2022 2022 2023 NA 1.8 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2019 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 20.0 2019 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 90 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.2 2018 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 51 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 32.4 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 1 1.7 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0 7 7077 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 80.8 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 417 SENEGAL Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 121 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7IFRHDABLEAIII CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENTWORIAND 0 ECQNDMK GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g rnismmm™ I B+ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi iß PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Senegal ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.4 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 72.2 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 418 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SENEGAL Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 6.8 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 28.3 2023 • Pi SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 7.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 17.0 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.1 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.8 2016 Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.9 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 260.9 2020 • Pi Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 21.1 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 38.6 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 113.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 19.5 2019 * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 146.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 23.5 2019 • hife expectancy at birth (years) 68.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 71.3 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 74.5 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 49 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.9 2022 • -» SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 17.8 2021 • -» Net primary enrollment rate (%) 72.6 2021 • hower secondary completion rate (%) 41.8 2021 • hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 76.4 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 53.2 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 35.2 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 59.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 43.0 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 84.9 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 56.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 11.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 418.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 70.4 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 24.2 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.7 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 4.6 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.2 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.9 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 56.0 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 3.4 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.0 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 72.8 2022 58.1 2021 94.1 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 0.6 2015 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 38.1 2018 1.7 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 31.6 2020 41.6 2019 85.4 2020 51.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) oljij 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.4 2016 1.2 2019 3.7 2018 0.5 2018 14.0 2018 3.4 2018 0.2 2021 0.8 2021 0.1 2018 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 36.7 2022 43.8 2022 14.4 2018 6.0 2019 5.0 2019 0.0 2018 45.4 2022 23.9 2022 0.94 2023 0.3 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA 42.1 2017 57 2022 78.7 2019 43 2022 22.8 2016 0.0 2021 55.8 2023 0.5 2021 0.5 2021 0.6 2021 7.2 2020 NA NA 19.8 2018 0 2021 72.2 2022 • 1» mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 419 SERBIA Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 36/166 17^ REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH ■if a \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B 100- 90- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG .. 3 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- SDG 14 SDG 13 Serbia I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 11 SDG 10 : SDG 6 SDG 7 SDG 9 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ p g NusmmMim I H71 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nhormation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Serbia Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 86.6 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- ■-1- 80.8 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 420 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SERBIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.0 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.3 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.6 2019 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.5 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.8 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.2 2018 • * Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.0 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 10.2 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.6 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.5 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 15.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.0 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 71.5 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.5 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 12.0 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 78 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 71 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.5 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 92.0 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 100.0 2019 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 38.4 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 93.7 2021 • 7t Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 74.3 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 39.2 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.3 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.9 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,693.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 79.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.7 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 21.5 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2021 • • 3.3 2018 • • 89.4 2021 • 1» 10.3 2023 • 1» 0.6 2021 • 1» 0.1 2018 • ^ 29.3 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Value Year RatingTrend 95.4 2022 • • 81.2 2021 • 1» 103.6 2021 • 1» 2.6 2018 • 4» 29.5 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.9 2020 • * SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.5 2019 • * Palma ratio 1.4 2019 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 23.8 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 97.7 2020 • 7t Satisfaction with public transport (%) 48.0 2022 • ■» SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2019 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 4.0 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.9 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 11.5 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 14.8 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.9 2021 . * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.2 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLCVcapita) 0.6 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 12.6 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.8 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 29.4 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 24.8 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.95 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports 2018 (per million population) 3.8 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 18.6 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 73 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.9 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 36 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 9.5 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.3 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 4> SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.9 2020 • ■» For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 41.3 2020 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 80.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 421 SEYCHELLES Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 poverty Mftt B 7 aftordaoleand / clean energy B q zero C hunger Q decent work and 0 econdhc growth • \k LIFE 14 delow water tri 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG 11......m.......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Seychelles SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 q goodhealth 0 and well-being ■ B g NustsnHMim I H71 Hi 1C peace.justice ID and strong t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Seychelles INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-1- 66.0 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 35% 422 Sustainable Development Report 2023 tc.* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SEYCHELLES Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.2 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.3 2012 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 14.0 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2007 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 3.3 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 8.6 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 12.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 21.1 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 43.1 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 11.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation 73.3 2019 • 68.3 2018 • 99.5 2020 • 94 2021 • 70 2019 • NA NA • 98.7 2021 • 98.3 2021 102.7 2021 99.1 2020 NA NA • • 98.5 2021 • * NA NA • • 22.9 2021 • Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.9 2019 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 19.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.8 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.8 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 81.6 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 88.7 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.0 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.2 2016 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 32.1 2018 • • Palma ratio 1.2 2018 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) 19.8 2019 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.4 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 12.6 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.4 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2017 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 71.9 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 77.2 2022 • 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 23.9 2018 • ■» Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.3 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 52.8 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 98.9 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.66 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.7 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 13.4 2018 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) NA NA • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 70 2022 • * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 75.7 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.6 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 68 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 66.0 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 423 SIERRA LEONE Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 137 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I poverty fffftff 7affordable and clean energy 10 GLMATE 10 ACTION O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 decent work and 0 econobc GROWTH fit 11 life 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS i si»: 16. 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG 3 SD h SDG 13 Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track Sierra Leone SDG 11 SDG 10 9 GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING HA QUALITY 4 EBUCAim Hi 9Niism mvcr». I AIDlWRASITflRTrüRE I «n NEDUCEI IU INEQUALITIES B *C PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG iNsnruiioNS B t I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain SXar'evec ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topia/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 7 6CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION iq responsible It CDNturniM AhDPRODDCTDN CO INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Sierra Leone Oceania 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 59.2 424 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -„» Implementing the SDG Stimulus SIERRA LEONE Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 14.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 42.1 2023 • 7t SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 27.4 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 26.0 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.3 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.7 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.0 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 442.8 2020 • Pi Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 30.9 2021 • -» Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 104.7 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 289.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.5 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 23.6 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 239.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 33.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 60.8 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 102.0 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 86.9 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 87 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 39 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 2.6 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 41.4 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.1 2021 -» Lower secondary completion rate (%) 56.4 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 71.9 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 53.0 2019 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 59.8 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 92.0 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 12.3 2021 • + SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 63.8 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 16.5 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 0.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 285.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 26.2 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.8 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 5.7 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 25.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -5.4 2021 • • 5.0 2018 • • 28.9 2021 • ^ 3.7 2023 • 1» SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 67.6 2022 18.0 2020 21.2 2021 1.8 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.7 2018 1.5 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 50.6 2020 22.9 2019 33.0 2020 14.0 2022 0.3 2004 0.5 2019 0.8 2018 0.1 2018 5.9 2018 2.3 2018 0.0 2017 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 60.2 2022 38.6 2022 2.2 2018 0.3 2019 0.2 2019 0.0 2018 65.3 2022 71.1 2022 0.93 2023 1.9 2021 0.0 2018 * 2.1 2020 • 30.1 2018 • • 52 2022 • 90.4 2019 • • 34 2022 • 25.2 2017 • • 0.0 2021 • • 62.6 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 0.4 2021 • 0.4 2021 • 0.5 2021 • ^ Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.4 2021 • * 0.0 2018 • 1" For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 3.3 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 17.1 2018 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.2 2022 • 7i mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 425 SINGAPORE East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 64/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aff0bmblead CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G000HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,!Z......ü).......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Singapore SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi 1C PEACUUSIIGE ID AND STRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Singapore OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 35.8 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1— 86.6 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 10% 426 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SINGAPORE Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) » NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) » 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.0 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.6 2000 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 6.1 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1 1.7 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 7.5 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 0.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.1 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 48.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 9.5 2019 ♦ diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) T Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 23.4 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 2.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.2 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 2.1 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.6 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 86 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 96.9 2020 • • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100.4 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.7 2020 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 77.8 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 94.9 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 82.4 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 29.8 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 100.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 82.2 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 5,508.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 0.7 2019 • 1» 0.8 2019 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.2 2021 • • 3.4 2018 • • 97.6 2021 • 1» 3.1 2023 • 1» 0.7 2021 • ^ 0.9 2018 • ^ 296.2 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 97.9 2022 • • 91.1 2021 147.5 2021 4.1 2018 79.1 2022 4.1 2021 1.9 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 19.0 2019 100.0 2020 93.0 2021 0.9 2019 19.9 2019 34.7 2018 20.4 2018 18.8 2018 65.1 2018 5.7 2021 oljij 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 7.5 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 3.3 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 52.0 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.2 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 21.1 2022 NA NA 0.84 2023 1.1 2021 12.6 2018 0.1 2021 10.5 2020 95 2022 99.9 2020 83 2022 NA NA 0.7 2016 47.9 2023 0.6 2021 0.9 2021 0.8 2021 6.0 2021 NA NA NA NA 85 2021 86.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 427 SLOVAK REPUBLIC OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING 23 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt t 7\ 0 ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WDRR AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLOEING ■ B Hi g nusmhowin I AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG SDG 16.,-- SDG SDG 17 *m 1 SDG .. 2 SDG . ' / A SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 7 WA Slovak Republic SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG ^m......................... SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 IU INEQUALITIES .A. B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG HBTrnmoMS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Slovak Republic OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 72.5 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-F 100 -I-F 89.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 428 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SLOVAK REPUBLIC Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) Value 0.4 0.6 7.8 Year RatingTrend 2023 • 1» 2023 • i» 2019 • i» SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 3.8 2.6 0.7 20.5 2.4 6.0 0.6 49.2 0.3 2.8 5.6 2.8 0.0 2020 2022 2021 2016 2017 2021 2018 2021 2020 2020 2021 2021 2021 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) hife expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) hower secondary completion rate (%) hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 6.1 78.2 26.9 98.2 95 77 6.1 2.2 26.6 21.0 97.1 77.0 NA 39.5 169.3 18.5 29.3 78.6 99.3 82.6 22.7 11.7 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) _ SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.8 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 97.5 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.4 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 44.7 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,602.57 Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.2 Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 81.9 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 17.6 -1.2 2.9 95.6 0.7 0.3 96.3 69.5 2019 2019 15.5 2019 30.3 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2021 2019 2022 2020 2020 2019 SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.8 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 88.9 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 88.7 2021 • * hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.0 2018 • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 24.8 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.7 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.9 2020 • Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 7.2 2020 • * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 1.8 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 10.5 2020 • * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.2 2017 • SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 23.2 2019 • * Palma ratio 0.7 2019 • * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 6.6 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 16.9 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 97.2 2018 • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 53.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 3.4 2019 • * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 96.2 2022 • • 87.1 2020 2020 • 2020 • NA • 2021 • 2018 • 2018 • 2018 • 2023 • T 2021 • 1» 2022 • i» 2021 • ^ 2021 • 7k 2020 • 2020 • 2019 • 2020 2018 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • 2020 • • 7k 2021 • • 2018 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • • 2018 • ^ 2018 • • 2021 • 1» SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tOhVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 12.8 2019 « > • 14.1 2018 « > • 6.2 2018 > • 32.9 2018 27.5 2018 « 4.4 2021 « 0.7 2021 « > • 6.5 2021 2.5 2018 82.9 2021 36.0 2018 NA NA « • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 0.1 2018 • • 14.3 2021 SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 85.8 2022 * > * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 86.3 2022 « > * Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.95 2023 « > * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 « > * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.4 2018 > • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2021 * > * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 15.8 2020 « Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 67 2022 > * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2020 « Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 53 2022 > * Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 « > • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.2 2020 > • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 83.2 2023 * > * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 « > • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 « > • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 > • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 192.7 2020 « > 4- SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 10.4 2020 * > * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.2 2022 * public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA * > • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 55 2021 « > • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 53.2 2022 « 1 7k Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 1.0 2019 « > t Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.1 2022 « * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 429 SLOVENIA OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 13 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt t o ZERO C HUNGER B q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15 / SDG ■, 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ Slovenia SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 1 1 SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 " SDG 6 SDG 7 IU INEQUALTTIES .A. ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANOSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Slovenia OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 61.3 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1— 92.5 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 430 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SLOVENIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.3 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 7.4 2019 • + SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.2 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 6.9 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 57.9 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 90.5 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.5 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.3 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.2 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 4.3 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 11.5 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 18.8 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 5.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.3 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 4.3 2020 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.8 2012 • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best 80 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.7 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.3 2020 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 27.5 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 17.4 2019 # SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 93.5 2020 • -> (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 100.0 2020 • * Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.1 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.8 2014 • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 48.0 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 503.7 2018 • Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 13.0 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 14.6 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods 2023 (% of females aged 15 to 49) * 78.8 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 26.7 2021 • Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 8.2 2018 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.5 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.1 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 6.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 92.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 5,415.96 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 98.3 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 71.5 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.8 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 20.9 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.8 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.2 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.1 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population 105.2 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 71.5 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 9.4 2021 • * SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 Population using the internet (%) 89.0 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 90.8 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 3.3 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 26.4 2022 Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 3.7 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 2.1 2020 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 10.4 2020 » * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 7.1 2020 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 25.7 2020 Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 33.3 2017 SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 24.4 2019 Palma ratio 0.8 2019 Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 13.0 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 15.4 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA » • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 63.0 2022 Population with rent overburden (%) 3.4 2019 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 97.1 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 15.1 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 11.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 8.0 2018 » • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 33.0 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 43.0 2018 » + Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 63.7 2021 » 4- Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2021 » • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 2.8 2018 » + CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 16.3 2021 Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 57.1 2018 » + SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 62.7 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 80.5 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 38.4 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 6.6 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 » • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 73.9 2022 » ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 84.1 2022 » ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.93 2023 » ■» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 » * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 2.2 2018 SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 27.7 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 90 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 56 2022 » 4- Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2016 » • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.6 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 » * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 » ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 » 4- Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 69.7 2020 » ■» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.6 2020 » * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.3 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA » • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 52 2021 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 35.9 2022 Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 0.4 2019 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 92.5 2022 * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 431 SOLOMON ISLANDS Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7wf0hublerm1 CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER D Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH ill \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ p g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,!Z......ü).......1... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Solomon Islands SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACLJDSTICE ID AND STRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Solomon Islands INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 48.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 31% 432 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SOLOMON ISLANDS Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 38.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 71.3 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 18.1 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 29.8 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 8.5 2015 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.5 2016 • + Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.9 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.2 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 122.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.6 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 18.8 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 65.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 39.2 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 281.2 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 78.0 2013 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 86.2 2015 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 67 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 50 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 65.6 2019 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.4 2019 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 70.5 2019 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 38.0 2015 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 96.3 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 8.0 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 67.3 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 34.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 1.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 73.3 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 9.1 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 3.8 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.3 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -7.8 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 1.5 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 52.4 2022 36.1 2021 18.1 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.1 2012 1.6 2012 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA 1 1.2 2019 70.5 2020 NA NA 0.9 2013 0.8 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2013 0.5 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.2 2022 60.8 2022 54.1 2018 NA NA NA NA NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 4.8 2022 NA NA 0.75 2023 0.2 2021 NA NA 3.7 2008 48.2 2017 NA NA 88.0 2015 42 2022 17.9 2015 0.0 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 16.4 2020 NA NA 24.6 2020 0 2021 48.2 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 433 SOMALIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 162 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 48 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 56.2 2023 72.8 2023 53.1 2020 18.0 2022 14.3 2009 8.3 2016 NA NA 0.5 2021 1.2 2018 NA NA 620.7 2020 36.0 2021 1 1 1.8 2021 250.0 2021 NA NA 30.4 2019 237.9 2019 27.4 2019 56.5 2019 118.0 2017 31.9 2019 42 2021 27 2019 4.7 2016 NA NA NA NA NA NA 75.7 2016 2.1 2018 « > -» NA NA 4 1 • 45.1 2022 4 > -» 24.4 2021 4 56.5 2020 4 > -» 39.3 2020 4 24.5 2019 4 > • 4.9 2020 4 > • 85.9 2018 4 > • 49.7 2020 4 > + 3.2 2020 4 2.0 2019 4 34.5 2019 4 -4.9 2021 4 15.5 2018 4 1 • 38.7 2014 4 1 • 20.4 2023 4 > 4- NA NA 4 0.0 2018 4 0.0 2018 4 » • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 52.8 2022 2.0 2017 2.6 2021 1.8 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 36.8 2017 NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 76.2 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 62.0 2016 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2016 Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 19.8 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.0 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttLTVcapita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 58.0 2022 14.0 2018 0.0 2019 14.9 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 0.0 2022 0.89 2023 0.1 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA NA NA 85 2016 5.9 2006 12 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 44.2 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2020 0 2021 48.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 435 SOUTH AFRICA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 1 0/166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDARLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLOEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Ö* SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 30 (% of adult population) 28.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.1 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 95.6 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 126.8 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1 1.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 32.8 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 513.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 4.2 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.1 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 74.9 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 22.2 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 43.9 2019 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.7 2016 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 86 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.6 2021 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 73.1 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 88.3 2020 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 80.4 2019 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.4 2019 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 79.7 2016 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 79.5 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 46.6 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 78.5 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 63.6 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 21.7 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 455.1 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 84.4 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 86.8 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.1 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 5.6 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 94.6 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 72.3 2021 • ^ Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 1 15.7 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.5 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.6 2019 3.2 2018 51.1 2022 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 63.0 6.9 2014 2017 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 24.2 24.3 98.2 66.0 1.0 7.1 38.7 1.3 38.0 4.5 0.1 2020 2019 2020 2021 2011 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 oljij 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 7.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.4 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 2,522.3 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 52.7 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 60.6 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 20.8 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 21.9 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.4 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 36.5 35.8 0.77 0.2 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.8 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 41.9 34.0 32 88.6 43 3.6 2021 2021 2021 2017 2022 2015 0.2 2021 78.6 2023 -4.0 2021 2.8 2018 • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 0.5 2021 < 2021 < » * » 7k 85.4 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 * * 29.9 2023 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.7 2021 * Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 11.9 2021 < 0.0 2018 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA < 15.7 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 27.9 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 49 2021 < Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 82.4 2022 < mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 437 SOUTH SUDAN Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 66/166 COUNTRY SCORE 38 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7wf0hublerm1 CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACUUSIIGE ID AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG / 14/ SDG ; 13 \ SDG '■■ 12 '■■ SDG ■\ 3 South Sudan SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 1 SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa South Sudan ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.1 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 33.8 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 16% 438 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SOUTH SUDAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 76.5 2023 91.6 2023 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA 27.9 2022 22.7 2010 NA NA 2.3 2017 0.8 2021 1.2 2018 NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) ,223.0 2020 4 > -» 39.6 2021 4 > -» 98.7 2021 4 > -» 227.0 2021 4 > -» 1.3 2021 4 > ^ 16.8 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 134.5 2019 1 • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.7 2013 4 NA NA 4 > • 1 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 36.7 2019 4 > 4- Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.8 2018 4 > 4» Life expectancy at birth (years) 62.8 2019 4 > ■» SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 4 > 4» Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 158.1 2008 4 i • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.1 2018 > -» Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 19.4 2010 4 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.1 2018 4 > * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 49 2021 4 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 4 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 32 2.8 2019 2017 4 > ■» i • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2021 4 0.0 2018 4 > * > * 20.6 2015 37.6 2015 10.2 2015 47.9 2018 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand forfamily planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) bb 2010 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 76.9 2021 Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 99.8 2022 Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 32.4 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 41.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 15.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.2 2019 Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 5.2 2020 Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 447.4 2018 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 7.2 2020 « > -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.0 2020 « CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 3.2 2019 « Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.3 2019 « > * SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -14.1 2015 « Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) * NA NA « Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 5.8 2021 « > • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 12.7 2023 « Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA « > • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 « Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.9 2018 « SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 28.2 2022 4 1 • 6.5 2020 4 > -» 6.3 2021 4 > -» NA NA 4 1 • 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 44.1 2016 2.7 2009 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 94.2 2016 46.1 2019 10.5 2020 18.0 2017 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 0.0 2018 • • 33.6 2022 • * 58.6 2022 • * 0.93 2023 • * 0.0 2021 • * 0.0 2018 • • 14.1 2012 NA NA • • 42 2017 • • 35.4 2010 • • 13 2022 NA NA • • 0.0 2021 • • 50.6 2023 NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 2.0 2020 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 0 2021 • • 33.8 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 439 SPAIN OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 1 6/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90- 80- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG f-~... 2 SDG 15., SDG 14 SDG 13 1 Spain SDG '■ 12 \ SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG 4 SDG 5 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt 71 0 ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 EBONDNKGROWm B \k\ LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NusmmMim I IU INEQUALITIES B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG msTmmods B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Spain OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 70.9 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 91.4 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 440 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SPAIN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.6 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.9 2023 • * Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 14.7 2019 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 23.8 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.2 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 45.8 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 13.5 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 3.4 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.8 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 3.0 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 8.2 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 • * Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 9.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 10.1 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 83.2 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.0 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.9 2020 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best 86 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 5.1 2020 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 16.5 2020 • Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 19.8 2020 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.8 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.1 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.7 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.6 2020 • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 48.7 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 486.7 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 10.0 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 21.3 2018 • SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 86.6 2023 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 98.5 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 84.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 43.4 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 8.1 2020 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.9 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 40.2 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 91.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,384.55 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.6 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 95.7 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.9 2019 (MtCCVTWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 17.3 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.2 2021 • • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.3 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 98.3 # T Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.2 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population 54.3 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 62.7 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) 19.4 2021 (% of population aged 15 to 29) SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year Rat ngTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.5 2022 4 Population using the internet (%) 93.9 2021 4 > * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 107.3 2021 4 > * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2018 4 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.8 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 55.8 2022 Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.4 2021 4 > * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.4 2020 > * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 7.4 2020 4 > * Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 6.8 2020 4 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 14.0 2020 > * Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 29.6 2017 > * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 34.3 2019 > * Palma ratio 1.2 2019 4 > * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 11.6 2019 4 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 4 > * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 9.4 2019 4 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) t T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.9 2020 4 > + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 65.0 2022 Population with rent overburden (%) 11.1 2019 > * Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 93.3 2022 4 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 19.0 2019 4 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 10.1 2018 4 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 5.0 2018 4 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 43.3 2018 4 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 20.9 2018 4 < + Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.3 2021 > * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2021 4 SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.9 2021 4 > 7* CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLIVcapita) 1.6 2018 4 > + CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 97.2 2021 4 Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 45.9 2018 4 > + SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 85.9 2022 4 > * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 68.1 2022 4 > * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 32.1 2018 > 7* Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 51.5 2019 4 > + Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 12.0 2019 4 > 71 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.6 2018 4 > • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 57.6 2022 4 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.3 2022 4 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.85 2023 4 < + Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 4 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.6 2018 » • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.6 2021 4 > * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 16.1 2021 4 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 80 2022 4 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 4 » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 60 2022 4 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 4 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD 2021 per 100,000 population) 1.4 • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 75.4 2023 4 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 4 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 4 > + Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 118.0 2020 > t SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 12.4 2020 4 > t For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.3 2022 4 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA 4 » • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 65 2021 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 56.6 2022 4 < + Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 21.1 2019 4 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 91.4 2022 4 * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 441 SRI LANKA East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 83 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7rff0hublerm1 CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G000HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 Sri Lanka SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACUUSIIGE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Sri Lanka ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 92.7 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 I-1- 79.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 442 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SRI LANKA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 3.0 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 12.1 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 3.4 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 15.9 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 15.1 2016 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.2 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.6 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.4 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 28.8 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.9 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 63.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 13.2 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 91.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 19.7 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.9 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 21.0 2015 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.5 2016 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.0 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.5 2018 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 100.5 2020 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.9 2020 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 74.3 2016 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.0 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 46.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 5.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 92.2 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 93.7 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 90.8 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 4,413.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 32.2 2020 • -» CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02AWh) 1.5 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 24.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.2 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.1 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 89.3 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.2 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 25.9 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 95.8 2022 • • 66.7 2021 • 1» 87.0 2021 2.5 2018 36.0 2022 0.2 2021 0.1 2018 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 39.3 2016 1.8 2016 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA 7.2 2019 79.0 2020 53.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2016 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.3 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 6.1 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.1 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 12.8 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 14.4 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 50.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 54.8 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 1 1.7 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 1 1.9 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 43.7 2022 43.9 2022 0.56 2023 0.0 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 3.4 2019 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 69.0 2018 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 55 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 97.2 2007 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 36 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 0.8 2016 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 45.9 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.8 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 8.6 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 79.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 443 ST. KITTS AND NEVIS Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt n 7 AFFORDADLEAHI / CLEAN ENERGY Q q ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH n \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG ,!ľ......m.......!... SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ St. Kitts and Nevis SDG 4 SDG 5 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B n g NusmmMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX St. Kitts and Nevis INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 50.0 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 44% 444 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ST. KITTS AND NEVIS Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) * 2.5 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) * 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.9 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) NA NA • • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 14.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) NA NA # • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) NA NA Life expectancy at birth (years) NA NA # Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 46.1 2007 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 96.1 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.1 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 111.2 2016 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods , (% of females aged 15 to 49) 75.3 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) NA NA • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.0 2021 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.6 2017 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 95.0 2017 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 50.8 2019 # • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCh/TWh) 1.2 2019 -» Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.6 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -5.3 2021 • # Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 100.0 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 79.5 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 101.7 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 2.9 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient NA NA • • Palma ratio NA NA • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 11.8 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) NA NA • • Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.8 2015 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 12.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 5.0 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.7 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.7 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 97.0 2019 • 4- Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 41.3 2019 • 4- Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.8 2022 • * Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.73 2023 • 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • ■» herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 29.4 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 75.0 2017 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) NA NA • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.2 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 50.0 2022 • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 445 ST. LUCIA Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......tm......L SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 \ St. Lucia SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 Insufficient Data SDG ' 11 ■ SDG 7 10 SDG 9 q GOOD HEALTH Ú AND WELL-BEING ■ v* B g NustsnHMim I Hi Hi 1C PEACLJDSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX St. Lucia INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 66.0 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 26% 446 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ST. LUCIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 7.0 2023 3.3 2023 • NA NA • • 2.5 2022 3.7 2012 9.7 2016 • 2.4 2017 • NA NA • • 1.2 2018 • 5.6 2020 • • SDG9_Industrv Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 99.6 2022 • • 78.1 2021 • 1» 51.8 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 51.2 2016 3.5 2016 73.3 2020 • 13.0 2021 24.8 2021 • 1.5 2021 • NA NA • 17.7 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production NA NA « > • 21.0 2019 « > 71 98.5 2020 * > * NA NA « > • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 72 2019 • NA NA • 98.2 2020 • 96.8 2020 81.3 2020 • 100.0 2012 • bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 2.7 2021 NA NA 0.0 2018 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 72.4 2011 « 106.2 2021 • 1» 88.0 2022 • 1» 1 1.1 2021 • + 96.9 2020 • T 83.4 2020 • ^ 14.3 2019 • • 14.0 2020 • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 94.3 2020 • ^ 1.1 2019 • + 0.3 2019 • ^ -8.1 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 16.3 2023 • 4 0.7 2021 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 27.7 2019 Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.2 2015 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.8 2019 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.3 2019 • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 25.3 2020 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2019 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 77 2021 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2020 • * 26.2 2022 • 58.2 2022 • NA NA • • NA NA • • 1.9 2019 • NA NA • • 45.6 2022 # NA NA • • 0.80 2023 • 0.0 2021 • NA NA • • 39.0 2021 # 70.3 2020 • NA NA • • 92.0 2012 • • 55 2022 • 3.3 2012 • • 0.0 2021 • • NA NA • • 0.6 2021 • * 0.5 2021 • 0.7 2021 • 71 6.4 2020 • -» NA NA • • 19.4 2017 • • 0 2021 • • 66.0 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 447 ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES and thf Aean OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- Insufficient Data AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG SDG }l......tm......L SDG 15, SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 2 \ SDG ' 11 SDG .. 2 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 10 SDG 9 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B Q GOOD HEALTH 0 AHB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG t H Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nhormation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX St. Vincent INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 55.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 33% 448 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • NA NA • • 7.6 2020 NA NA NA NA 23.7 2016 • 2.3 2017 30.3 2021 • * 0.5 2018 NA NA SDG9_Industrv Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 93.0 2022 • • 84.9 2021 • 1» 93.3 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 0.0 2022 • • 0.6 2021 • 1» 0.1 2002 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA • • NA NA • • 61.8 2020 • ^ 8.5 2021 • 1» 13.7 2021 • 1» 8.7 2021 • ^ NA NA • • 20.7 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • 21.1 2019 • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 34.4 2019 • • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2015 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 8.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 7.4 2019 • ^ Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • hife expectancy at birth (years) 73.2 2019 • ^ SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 47.2 2019 • 1» Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.6 2016 • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97 2021 • ^ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.0 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) hower secondary completion rate (%) hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 73 2019 • NA NA • 78.9 2018 • 99.9 2020 • 92.0 2018 • NA NA • du\j 13 — uimare Mcrior CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 2.0 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCGycapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 79.5 2023 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 101.7 2021 • • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 73.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.1 2018 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 87.2 2018 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.9 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 14.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 26.3 2022 • 61.0 2022 • NA NA • 19.0 2001 « 0.3 2019 • NA NA • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.0 2020 • T 94.2 2020 • ^ 1.9 2019 • ^ 3.5 2019 • ^ -3.2 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 18.8 2023 • ^ SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 45.6 2022 • NA NA • • 0.75 2023 • 0.0 2021 • * NA NA • • 30.7 2021 • 57.8 2020 • * NA NA • • NA NA • • 60 2022 • * NA NA • • 0.0 2021 • • NA NA • • 0.7 2021 • * 0.4 2021 • 0.5 2021 • Ti 0.6 2021 • A Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.0 2020 • * NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 25.5 2017 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 55.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 449 SUDAN Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 1 60/166 COUNTRY SCORE 48 i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOBBHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 SDG ' 11 : Sudan SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG 4 SDG 5 ■ SDG 7 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Sudan ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.4 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 43.6 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 7% 450 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SUDAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 25.4 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 60.1 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.8 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 36.0 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 16.3 2014 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) NA NA Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2011 • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.6 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 270.4 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26.7 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 54.9 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 58.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.8 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 145.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 26.8 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 69.2 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 86.8 2013 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 77.7 2014 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 81 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.1 2014 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 39.9 2018 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 67.1 2018 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 50.8 2018 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 73.0 2018 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 30.2 2014 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 81.3 2021 • a Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 42.8 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 30.5 2018 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 60.4 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 36.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1 18.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 230.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 55.4 2020 • -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 54.7 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.4 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 23.2 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -9.4 2021 • • 12.0 2018 • • 15.3 2014 • • 18.5 2023 • + 0.3 2021 • • 0.0 2018 • 1" 0.1 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 37.8 2022 28.4 2020 42.0 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.2 2005 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 34.2 2014 1.4 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 73.7 2020 58.7 2019 68.6 2020 33.0 2014 0.2 2015 2.1 2019 2.4 2018 0.0 2018 NA NA NA NA 0.3 2018 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.5 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 40.6 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 48.0 2022 44.4 2022 38.2 2018 1 1.2 2009 1.6 2009 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 17.8 2022 0.0 2022 0.92 2023 0.0 2021 NA NA NA NA 20.4 2014 71 2014 67.3 2014 22 2022 18.1 2014 0.0 2013 40.8 2023 0.3 2021 0.4 2021 0.3 2021 3.1 2020 NA NA 8.8 2016 0 2021 43.6 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 451 SURINAME Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 92 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7affhi0ableaii] CULAMEMEECrT O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH At \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH Ú AND WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 im 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 1 Suriname SDG 4 SDG 5 2 \ SDG ' 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Hi iß PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Suriname ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.4 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 60.5 100 -I-F MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 16% 452 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SURINAME Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 8.2 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.5 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 26.4 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.6 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 96.5 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 17.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 29.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.7 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 22.7 2019 JL diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 51.0 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.3 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.5 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 55.8 2019 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.4 2018 # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 58 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 67 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2012 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 84.4 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 82.7 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 44.7 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.9 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 57.5 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 69.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 29.4 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 98.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 90.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 4.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 13.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 98.2 2020 • T 94.5 2020 • 1» 1.5 2019 • ^ 11.1 2019 • 71 -9.2 2021 • • 2.3 2018 • • NA NA • • 3.2 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 72.6 2022 65.9 2021 79.0 2021 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 15.8 2020 23.6 2019 88.7 2020 73.0 2012 0.4 2010 9.4 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.2 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 74.2 2022 79.7 2022 7.7 2018 26.0 2019 9.3 2019 0.0 2018 51.2 2022 49.4 2022 0.99 2023 0.1 2021 0.3 2018 5.7 2021 29.4 2020 60 2012 98.3 2018 40 2022 4.3 2018 0.0 2021 70.6 2023 0.5 2021 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 0.5 2021 • A Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.4 2020 • * NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 25.7 2012 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 60.5 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 453 SWEDEN OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 2 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 " I POVERTY fffftlT 7 AFFORDARLEAH / CLEAN ENERGY 10 clmate IÜ action O ZERO C HUNGER -» U ECOKMC GROWTH fit 11 LIFE 14 GELOW WATER 100-90-80-70- 60- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELL-REING ■ El Hi 9HHMKT I AMtKRAStRUCTURE I si»: 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SI !' ■ .. 2 SDG 15 /" SDG SI" 11 SD. 13 SDG 12 Sweden SDG 11 GENDER EQUAUTY ^H^H «n1111111:111 IU INEQUALITIES •w Q 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG msimmoHS 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges H Challenges remain SjGacevec ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: fhe full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topia/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable SDG 4 s::s 5 SDG 6 SDG '.............................' SDG 10 SDgG 8 ■" '.I !l 7 14 responsible It. CDnumn awprdductkm CO INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Sweden OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 67.3 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-F 100 -1-F 92.2 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 454 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SWEDEN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.5 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 8.8 2020 • + SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.6 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.1 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.0 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 68.8 2021 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 49.6 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 4.5 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 1.4 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 2.5 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 3.8 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 8.4 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 8.1 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.1 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 82.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.4 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 87 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.4 2022 • * Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 2.4 2021 • Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 20.6 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 9.5 2020 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.7 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.9 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) 107.0 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 49.2 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 502.3 2018 # Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 12.7 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 19.0 2018 SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 86.7 2017 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 102.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 90.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 47.0 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 7.4 2020 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.8 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.3 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 100.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,675.95 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.8 2020 • * Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 94.9 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 0.2 2019 (MtCCVTWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 52.9 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.8 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.6 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.7 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.3 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 87.8 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.4 2021 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 11.9 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.3 2022 » • Population using the internet (%) 88.3 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 126.6 2021 » * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.2 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) w V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 64.7 2022 » • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 4.5 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.5 2020 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 15.8 2020 Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 83.8 2020 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 15.1 2020 » 4- Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 35.5 2017 » + SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 29.3 2019 Palma ratio 1.0 2020 » * Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 9.4 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 » * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 6.0 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) m T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 89.2 2020 » -» Satisfaction with public transport (%) 66.0 2022 » 71 Population with rent overburden (%) 9.5 2019 » ■» Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 93.8 2022 » • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 20.1 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 15.7 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.7 2018 » • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 36.0 2018 » 71 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 29.0 2018 » 4- Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 9.5 2021 » ■» Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2021 » • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLIVcapita) 3.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 82.0 2021 » • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 29.0 2018 • -» SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.5 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 74.5 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 39.2 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 21.6 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 7.6 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 » • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.2 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.4 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.99 2023 » * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.6 2018 » • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.1 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 27.7 2020 Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 82 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 » • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 83 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 » • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD 2021 per 100,000 population) 2.1 w w Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.9 2021 » * Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 72.3 2020 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 17.0 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0.9 2022 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 61 2021 » • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 44.6 2022 » t Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 12.6 2019 » t Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 92.2 2022 » t * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 455 SWITZERLAND OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 15 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS I NO i POVERTY Itfftff 7affordable ah I clean energy ^^^H O ZERO C HUNGER * U ECONDHC GROWTH fit 11 LIFE 14 BELOW WATER • STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (% Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi n KtmiHBMH i if AnifRASIRUCTURE i SDG 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SI» SDG 15, SDG , 3 51» 14 5D' 13 SI >C 1? Switzerland SDG 4 SDG 5 MSG 11 SDG 7 10 SDG 9 4fl REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES B iß PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS E 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Switzerland OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 - 53.7 - 73.8 - 91.1 - 94.5 - 96.2 - 97.8 - 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ I-1-1-1-1-1-1-f 00 -^-f 88.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 456 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -m* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SWITZERLAND SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) Performance by Indicator Value Year RatingTrend 0.2 2023 • ^ 0.4 2023 • ^ 9.9 2019 • ^ SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 2.5 2020 2.6 2022 0.7 2021 19.5 2016 2.5 2017 5.5 2021 0.9 2018 64.5 2021 0.1 2020 -» Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 7.4 2020 2.7 2021 3.8 2021 4.7 2021 0.0 2018 7.9 2019 10.4 2019 2.3 2019 83.5 2019 2.0 2019 100.0 2006 95 2021 87 2019 6.9 2022 1.0 2020 17.3 2020 19.1 2017 99.6 2020 99.9 2020 97.0 2020 NA NA 52.3 2021 498.0 2018 16.3 2018 20.2 2018 88.7 2023 94.6 2021 85.8 2022 42.5 2021 13.8 2020 71 100.0 2020 99.9 2020 6.5 2019 97.0 2020 368.13 2018 98.2 2020 99.7 2020 work and economic urowth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - De( 100.0 2020 • T 100.0 2020 • 1» 0.5 2019 • 1» 24.8 2019 • ^ 0.2 2021 • • 1.7 2018 • • 99.5 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 0.5 2018 • 1» 165.0 2018 • • 79.3 2021 • 1» 1 1.3 2021 • • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.8 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 95.6 2021 Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 100.6 2021 Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.0 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) ■ 1 The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 76.0 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 6.0 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.1 2019 Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.4 2019 Triadic patent families filed (per million population) 151.5 2020 Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 26.7 2014 • • Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 22.3 2017 • * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 33.1 2018 • 4- Palma ratio 1.2 2019 • 4- Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 18.8 2019 • ■» SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 » * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 9.3 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) * T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 100.0 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 87.0 2022 • * Population with rent overburden (%) 7.6 2019 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 99.0 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 23.4 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 17.9 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 11.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 23.4 2018 • * Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 41.9 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.1 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2021 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.0 2021 • 71 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 4.4 2018 • 71 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 69.3 2018 SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.1 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 60.2 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 » * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 5.8 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 46.9 2020 • + Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 84 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 82 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 2.2 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.4 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 71.4 2020 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.4 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.6 2022 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 89 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 70.1 2022 • 7\ Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 111.9 2019 • + Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 88.8 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 457 SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 130 /166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOOOHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANOSTRONG SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 /os 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG 12 BP EL Syrian Arab Republic SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving \ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Syrian Arab Republic ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.2 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 31.9 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 18% 458 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 25.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1 1.5 2010 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 27.8 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2007 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 29.9 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.8 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 18.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 22.1 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 94.5 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 14.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.7 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 54.0 2007 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.2 2009 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 48 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 56 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.5 2015 • • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 44.8 2022 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.0 2022 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 53.8 2013 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 96.1 2014 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 53.3 2009 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 82.7 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 23.3 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 1 1.2 2021 • + SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 89.7 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 124.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 48.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 412.1 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 89.1 2020 -> Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 96.9 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.2 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1.0 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) NA NA Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) » NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 23.3 2011 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 9.5 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 1.5 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 80.7 2022 • • 35.8 2020 17.4 2021 2.5 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2015 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.5 2003 1.6 2003 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 46.2 2019 70.5 2020 15.0 2015 0.6 2009 5.2 2019 7.7 2018 0.1 2018 1 1.2 2018 1.8 2018 NA NA bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 1.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2022 48.1 2022 NA NA 33.0 2019 8.3 2019 0.0 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2022 0.94 2023 0.0 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.1 2010 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 50.5 2004 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 32 2015 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 96.0 2006 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 13 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 27.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.5 2012 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 31.9 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 459 TAJIKISTAN Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 85 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt t 7\ 0 ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDMC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER D STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G000HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 15, SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG > 12 SDG SDG 17 /Bs 1 ..............0........ r Tajikistan SDG .. 2 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 III 1C PEACE.JDSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Tajikistan I Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 53.4 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 11% 460 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TAJIKISTAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.5 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 15.8 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 13.1 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.6 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 14.2 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.4 2018 Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 16.6 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13.6 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 31.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 88.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 28.3 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 203.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 15.7 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 69.5 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 45.6 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 94.8 2017 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 97 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 66 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 12.5 2017 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.5 2017 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 96.2 2017 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.9 2014 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 52.1 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.5 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 61.2 2022 • -» Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 23.8 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 81.9 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 96.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 69.9 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 424.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.8 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 82.4 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 38.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • • 4.5 2018 • • 39.5 2021 • : 2023 • + SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 60.6 2022 22.0 2017 24.3 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.1 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 34.0 2015 1.4 2015 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 17.1 2020 44.6 2019 89.9 2020 80.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.6 2013 NA NA 1.2 2018 0.4 2018 15.9 2018 3.9 2018 0.3 2021 1.1 2021 0.1 2018 3.9 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 16.8 2022 30.5 2022 0.99 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 0.9 2020 NA NA 93 2022 95.8 2017 24 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 39.1 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.1 2020 • * 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 7.4 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.5 2004 • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 53.4 2022 • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 461 TANZANIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 134 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFHI0ABLEAIII CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENIWDRIAND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 gm. 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG '' 12 Tanzania SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g HustsnHMim I Hi iß PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Tanzania ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.4 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-F 67.3 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 462 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus TANZANIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 35.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 60.0 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 22.6 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 30.6 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.3 2022 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.4 2016 -» Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.7 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 238.3 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 20.0 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 47.1 2021 # Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 208.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 1.0 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 17.4 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 128.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 31.1 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 67.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 138.9 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 63.7 2016 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 76 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 46 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.6 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 56.3 2020 • 7k (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 83.9 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 33.2 2020 • -» Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 88.1 2021 • 7k SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 55.1 2015 • 7k Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 85.9 2021 • 7k Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 91.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 36.9 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 60.7 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 31.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 13.0 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 1 1 1.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCh/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 39.9 2020 • 4.5 2020 • 1.4 2019 • 16.0 2019 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 59.5 2022 • • 31.6 2021 • i 18.3 2021 • ^ 2.8 2016 • • 16.5 2022 • • 0.0 2021 0.5 2013 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.5 2018 1.9 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 40.9 2020 28.5 2019 59.6 2020 55.0 2022 0.5 2012 1.0 2019 0.8 2018 0.2 2018 15.2 2018 0.9 2018 0.2 2021 0.2 2021 0.1 2018 2.5 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 53.6 2022 41.8 2022 23.5 2018 6.3 2019 4.3 2019 0.0 2018 62.8 2022 37.7 2022 0.68 2023 0.3 2021 0.0 2018 3.7 2020 55.4 2020 66 2022 26.4 2016 38 2022 24.8 2014 0.0 2021 44.0 2023 -3.9 2021 6.2 2018 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 0.3 2021 < 2021 ( » 7k » 4- 52.4 2021 • 7k Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 < » * 2.9 2023 • -» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.6 2021 • 7k Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.9 2021 < 0.0 2018 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA < » • 2.3 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.9 2018 < • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 < » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 67.3 2022 » 7k mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 463 THAILAND East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 43 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 " I POVERTY Miff 7affordable and glean energy O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ENNOW GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS i SI !' . 16.. SDG SDG 17 itsv 1 S[)i ■ .. 2 SDG 1'), 51» SDG 1-1 SDG 17. Thcilcrc SDG 4 SDS 5 Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track 12 SDG ' 1 1 7 SDG "............................' SDG 10 S°G 8 G000 HEALTH AND WELL-BEING 9A QUAUIY 4 EDUCATKH Hi Q HUSmiMMIIIh I if UCHIASMICIIK I IU INEQUALITIES ■w B 40 PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG INSTimnONS B Ha^nI I Major challenges I Significant challenges H Challenges remain SX ar'evec ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topia/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Thailand Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 88.2 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-h 100 A-1- 82.5 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 464 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus THAILAND Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.6 2023 • 1» 1.0 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 8.8 2020 • 1 1.8 2022 • 7.7 2019 • 10.0 2016 • 2.2 2017 • 3.1 2021 • 0.8 2018 • 143.8 2020 • * SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 94.1 2022 • • 85.3 2021 • 1» 1 1 1.9 2021 • 1» 3.1 2018 • ^ 33.2 2022 • • 0.3 2021 • : 1.1 2019 • 1» SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.0 2020 • ^ 1.4 2020 • • 28.6 2020 • 1» 4.7 2021 • 1» 8.3 2021 • 1» 143.0 2021 • ^ 0.1 2021 • 1» 13.7 2019 • 1" SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production 6.8 2020 • 1» 24.2 2019 90.6 2020 74.0 2022 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 46.5 2019 • • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.1 2015 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 9.2 2019 < Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 32.2 2019 • ^ Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 9.9 2018 < Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.7 2019 • ^ SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.1 2018 < Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 31.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 32.2 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.1 2019 • 1» Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.2 2018 < Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 • ^ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.4 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 83 2019 • T 6.0 2022 • ^ 96.6 2022 • ^ 99.7 2022 • • 126.2 2021 • 1» 98.8 2021 • 1* 88.2 2019 • ^ 96.9 2021 • 1» 78.5 2022 • 1» 15.7 2021 • i 100.0 2020 • 1» 98.7 2020 • 1» 23.0 2019 • • 1.8 2020 • • 810.1 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 83.6 2020 • 1» 1.4 2019 • 1» 19.4 2019 • 1* -3.1 2021 • • 8.9 2018 • • 95.6 2021 • 1» 0.8 2023 • ^ bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 3.9 2021 0.8 2018 NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 44.0 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 59.4 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 46.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 37.4 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 1.4 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 68.0 2022 36.3 2022 0.77 2023 0.5 2021 1.0 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 4.8 2011 4 t 4» 11.0 2020 4 > * 63 2022 < + 99.8 2019 4 > 4» 36 2022 4 > 4- NA NA 4 > • 0.0 2021 4 > • 55.2 2023 4 > + 0.6 2021 0.4 2021 4 > + 0.5 2021 4 0.5 2021 • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.2 2020 4 0.1 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA 4 > • 27.7 2018 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.4 2020 4 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 4 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 82.5 2022 4 > * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 465 TIMOR-LESTE East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING NA /165 COUNTRY SCORE NA REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt 7 AFFORDADLEAH] / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 DELOW WATER 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16 . SDG SDG 17 /Bs 1 SDG ... 2 SDG 15, SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG -. 12 \ Insufficient Data SDG 11 : I Timor-Leste ; SDG .....................................SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG 5 .-' SDG / / 6 ''SDG 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Timor-Leste INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 59.9 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 26% 466 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TIMOR-LESTE Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) hife expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) hower secondary completion rate (%) hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 13.0 2023 • 44.4 2023 • 26.2 2020 • 45.1 2022 • 8.3 2020 • 3.8 2016 • 2.1 2017 • 1.2 2021 • 1.0 2018 • NA NA • 203.9 2020 • 22.2 2021 • 50.5 2021 • 486.0 2021 • 0.1 2021 • 20.0 2019 • 185.6 2019 • 1 1.9 2019 69.6 2019 • 41.9 2015 • 56.7 2016 • 79 2021 • 53 2019 • NA NA • 60.1 2020 • + 94.9 2020 91.5 2020 • 1» 85.1 2020 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 45.9 2016 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 77.0 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 38.5 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 85.5 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 56.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 28.3 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.6 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 96.1 2020 • T 13.6 2020 • ^ 1.4 2019 • 1» 0.1 2019 • ^ 13.8 2021 • • 7.7 2018 • • NA NA • • 4.8 2023 • ^ SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 75.4 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 39.5 2021 1) a Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 30.3 2021 • 4- hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.0 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 28.7 2014 • • Palma ratio 1.1 2014 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 33.9 2020 • ■» Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 18.5 2019 • 7k Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 81.6 2020 • a Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.1 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 2.9 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 0.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCGycapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.6 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 55.6 2022 • 4- Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 9.6 2018 • ■» Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2019 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 45.6 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red hist Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.84 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 4.1 2015 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.8 2017 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 60.4 2016 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 42 2022 • a Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 9.2 2016 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 84.5 2023 • * Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.6 2020 • NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 67.6 2019 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.9 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 467 TOGO Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 136 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B 7 AFFORDABLE AND / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 /«IN 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG ''. 12 'J Togo SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG " 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 ■ SDG 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NusmmMim I «n 8111111:0 IU INEQUALITIES .A. B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Togo ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 98.8 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-1- 66.7 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 468 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TOGO Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 27.0 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 55.1 2023 • -» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 18.8 2020 • -» Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 22.3 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.7 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.4 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.1 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 2.1 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 399.0 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24.0 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 62.6 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 33.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.4 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 23.9 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 223.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 28.7 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 79.0 2016 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 69.4 2017 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 70 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.2 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 98.9 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.4 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 57.2 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 87.9 2019 • * SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 39.6 2017 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 49.8 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 94.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 18.7 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 68.6 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 18.6 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 3.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 430.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 54.0 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 10.1 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 3.8 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1 1.5 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.5 2021 • • 6.8 2018 • • 49.6 2021 • 1» 4.0 2023 • ^ 0.5 2021 • • 0.0 2018 • 1" 5.6 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 71.3 2022 35.0 2021 34.3 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.3 2014 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 42.4 2018 2.1 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 38.5 2020 41.1 2019 41.8 2020 37.0 2022 0.4 2014 0.9 2019 0.4 2018 0.2 2018 9.3 2018 3.5 2018 0.0 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2017 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA 19.4 2022 NA NA 12.0 2019 0.7 2019 0.0 2018 79.5 2022 NA NA 0.86 2023 0.5 2021 0.0 2018 NA NA 63.3 2015 52 2022 82.9 2017 30 2022 38.5 2017 0.0 2021 63.1 2023 0.5 2021 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 5.2 2020 NA NA 14.8 2019 0 2021 66.7 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 469 TONGA Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS WWWW I POVERTY 7 AFFORDABLE AND / CLEAN ENERGY B 10 CLMATE 10 ACTION 0 q ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 im 1 SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ SDG 11 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG .. 2 SDG , 3 Tonga SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 ■ SDG 7 t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Tonga INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 59.9 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 34% 470 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TONGA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.1 2023 • 1» 4.2 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • 1.8 2022 • 1» 1.1 2019 • • 48.2 2016 • + NA NA • • NA NA • • 0.7 2018 • ^ NA NA 125.6 2020 • ^ 4.9 2021 • 1» 1 1.1 2021 • 1» 7.6 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 24.8 2019 • ^ 52.3 2019 • • 33.0 2019 • + 72.6 2019 • ^ 24.0 2010 • • 98.3 2019 • • 99 2021 • 1» 56 2019 • ^ NA NA • • 94.6 2020 • • 99.4 2020 • 1» 76.4 2020 • • 99.4 2021 • • 49.9 2019 • ^ 102.1 2021 • 1» 65.1 2022 • ^ 0.0 2021 • ^ 98.7 2020 • 1» 92.9 2020 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 84.1 2020 • 1» 3.3 2019 • ^ 1.1 2019 • ^ -4.3 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 97.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 71.6 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 60.7 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) NA NA • • The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.2 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 37.6 2015 • • Palma ratio 1.6 2015 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 10.1 2019 • * Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.8 2020 • * Satisfaction with public transport (%) NA NA • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 3.3 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) NA NA • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) NA NA • • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.7 2021 • * CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) NA NA • • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 0.0 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 19.2 2022 • * Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 63.4 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 0.7 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 0.0 2019 • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.0 2009 • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 26.1 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.72 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA • • Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2019 • • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 7.4 2016 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 97.7 2019 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 26.1 2019 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 71.3 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • 292023 • ^ SDG17-Partnerships for the Goals NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.6 2021 • * NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * 25.1 2020 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 59.9 2022 • • mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 471 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING 114 /166 COUNTRY SCORE SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 7affordable and clean energy O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG 100-90-80-70-60-50- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 SD' .. 2 SDG 15 / SDG , 3 40- 63.ol 30fl 20-B I REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 n Jk^B- I SDG m SD1 13 Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 12 Trinidad \ and Tobago š DG 4 5 DG 5 M >G 11 SDG 7 SDG '.............................' SDG 10 S°G 8 O GOOO HEALTH 0 AHB WELL-BEING ■ B Hi Q h1etftfmmi» I if AnifRASIRUCIORE I Öl ň n REDUCED IU INEQUALITIES B 40 PEACE.JUSTICE ID AHB STRONG INSmUTIONS B 71 Ka'kbI I Major challenges I Significant challenges I Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.0 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 |-I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 55.4 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 13% 472 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -„* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.8 2023 • ^ 1.3 2023 • ^ SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 7.5 2020 8.8 2022 6.4 2011 « 18.6 2016 • 2.3 2017 • 1.6 2021 • 1.3 2018 • 2.6 2020 • 26.6 2020 • 10.3 2021 • 16.3 2021 • 13.0 2021 NA NA • 17.1 2019 • 19.8 2019 • 9.3 2019 • 76.1 2019 • 32.0 2011 « 100.0 2017 • 93 2021 • 73 2019 6.2 2017 SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 79.5 2020 • • 98.8 2010 • • 80.9 2010 • • 99.6 2010 • • 58.2 2011 • ^ 102.0 2021 • 1» 74.3 2022 • 1» 26.2 2021 • 4> 98.9 2020 • 1» 93.9 2020 20.3 2019 • • 3.0 2020 • • NA NA * * 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 4.4 2019 • i 0.0 2019 • ^ -4.8 2021 • • 3.0 2018 • • 80.8 2017 • • 3.7 2023 • ^ 0.7 2021 • 1» NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 97.3 79.0 40.3 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 2.4 2018 0.0 2022 0.3 0.1 2021 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 0.0 22.9 NA 56.0 2016 2019 NA 2017 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) i 1.5 15.7 NA NA NA NA 0.7 23.7 NA ,016.6 2010 2019 NA NA NA NA 2021 2021 NA 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 8.5 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 67.1 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 37.7 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 7.1 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 21.5 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 0.6 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 32.0 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 0.0 2022 Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.80 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 29.4 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 59.7 2018 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 52 2017 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 96.5 2011 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 42 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 0.8 2011 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 76.5 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.3 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.5 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 55.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 473 TUNISIA Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 58/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFHÄMBLEAND CLEAN ENERGY Q ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 EMNLiK GROWTH B \A UTE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q G00DHEAL1H 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG > 12 Tunisia SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRBNG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Tunisia ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.4 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1— 75.1 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 474 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TUNISIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.8 2023 • 1» 1.6 2023 • 1» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.1 2020 8.6 2022 2.1 2018 • 26.9 2016 • 2.2 2017 -» 1.5 2021 • 71 0.9 2018 • -» 0.1 2020 Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 89.3 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 79.0 2021 • ^ Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 81.3 2021 • ^ Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.7 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.7 2019 2.1 2018 • 4» 22.0 2022 • • • * • 71 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 32.8 1.3 2015 • • 2015 • • 36.6 2020 • 1 1.5 2021 • 16.3 2021 • 36.0 2021 0.0 2021 • 15.7 2019 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 7.6 2020 • 71 40.3 2019 • 99.2 2020 • * 29.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 55.9 2019 • • Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.7 2014 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 6.4 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.5 2019 • 1» Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 4.4 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.0 2019 • ^ SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.9 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 6.3 2019 • 1» Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 17.2 2018 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.5 2018 • • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 8.3 2018 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 • ^ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.3 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 70 2019 • 4.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 2.6 2021 • 0.3 2018 • * 343.4 2021 • • NA NA • • 99.2 2021 • 1» 87.9 2021 • 1» 97.7 2021 • 1» 62.7 2018 • ^ 85.3 2021 • ; 39.5 2022 • ^ 26.3 2021 • + 97.5 2020 • T 97.4 2020 • 1» 96.0 2019 • • 43.0 2020 • • 1,292.0 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 99.8 2020 • 1» 1.1 2019 • 1» 1.6 2019 • ^ bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.3 2022 • ^ Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 54.9 2022 « ^ Fish caughtfrom overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 22.3 2018 • ^ Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 18.6 2019 • ^ Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 9.3 2019 « ^ Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -5.1 2021 • • 2.2 2018 • • 36.9 2021 • ^ 16.1 2023 • + 0.5 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • 1" 13.5 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 39.8 2022 • -» 43.4 2022 • -» 0.97 2023 • -» 0.3 2021 • 71 0.3 2018 • • 4.6 2020 • • 51.6 2017 • • 58 2022 • 99.9 2018 • • 40 2022 • 2.3 2012 • • 0.0 2021 • • 50.1 2023 • 0.6 2021 • * 0.4 2021 • 0.6 2021 • 11.0 2020 • * NA NA • • 29.9 2012 • • 0 2021 • • 75.1 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 475 TÜRKIYE OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 72 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt t q ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NusmmMim I SDG 16 . SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 Turkiye SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG ■- 12 \ SDG / 6 SDG 11 ■' SDG 7 SDG 10 SDG 9 «n FUDUCEII IU INEQUALITIES .A. 30 (% of adult population) 32.1 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 71 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.9 2021 # Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) NA NA • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.8 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 17.3 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.7 2021 • * Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.0 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 18.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.6 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 45.5 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 6.7 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 78.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 14.7 2020 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 97.0 2019 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 95 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 79 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.1 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 4.5 2019 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 8.1 2020 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 28.0 2019 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 79.5 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.1 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 122.5 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.9 2019 • * Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 39.8 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 462.7 2018 Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 11.0 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 25.2 2018 • * SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 60.2 2018 • • _ Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 83.6 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 48.0 2022 • -» Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17.3 2021 • -» Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 10.0 2018 • • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 97.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.2 2020 • * Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 45.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 30.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 974.31 2018 • Population using safely managed water services (%) NA NA • • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 78.4 2020 • 71 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 95.2 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) NA NA # # Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 14.1 2019 • SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.5 2018 # • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 74.1 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports 0.0 2018 (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 20.1 2018 • Employment-to-population ratio (%) 50.3 2021 • Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 28.7 2021 • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Value Year RatingTrend 95.9 2022 • • 81.4 2021 • 1» 82.6 2021 • i» 3.2 2018 • ^ 40.5 2022 • • 0.7 2021 1.1 2020 5.7 2020 0.8 2020 NA NA 34.7 2014 * Gini coefficient 41.9 2019 • Palma ratio 2.0 2019 • Elderly poverty rate (% of population ag ed 66 or over) 13.7 2019 • * SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 14.1 2018 • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 45.2 2019 • Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 98.3 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 53.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) NA NA • • Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 74.7 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.2 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 15.1 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 33.7 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 7.0 2018 • * Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.0 2020 • • SDG13-Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (flCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (HLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) SDG14- Life Below Water 5.3 2021 • 0.6 2018 • 1.3 2021 • • 23.6 2018 • Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 3.8 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 70.7 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 57.5 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 19.0 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 5.4 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 2.3 2022 • -» 4.2 2022 • -» 0.88 2023 • -» 0.0 2021 • -» 0.7 2018 • • 2.5 2021 • 71 15.8 2020 • 57 2022 • 98.4 2018 • • 36 2022 • 3.8 2019 • • 0.3 2021 • • 34.0 2023 • 0.5 2021 • * 0.4 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 317.6 2020 • 7.0 2020 • NA NA • • 30.4 2020 • 0 2021 • • 61.1 2022 • 71 5.7 2019 • * 87.7 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 477 TURKMENISTAN Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 91 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B 7 ATTORDAOLEAND / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 gm. 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG ''. 12 \ I Turkmenistan I SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 SDG " 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 Q G000HEALTH 0 ANO WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANO STRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Turkmenistan ■ Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 93.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 31.4 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 16% 478 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TURKMENISTAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 0.5 2023 • ^ 0.8 2023 • ^ SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.5 2020 • 6.7 2022 • 4.1 2019 • 18.6 2016 • 2.3 2017 • 2.0 2021 0.7 2018 • NA NA • 5.2 2020 • 23.5 2021 • 41.4 2021 • 47.0 2021 • NA NA • 27.7 2019 • ^ 87.9 2019 • • 13.5 2019 • 1* 69.8 2019 • ^ 22.4 2018 • • 100.0 2019 • 1» 97 2021 • ^ 73 2019 • 5.5 2019 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCh/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 99.8 2014 • • 79.6 2019 • 94.0 2021 • ^ 105.6 2022 • 1» 25.0 2021 • + 100.0 2020 • T 99.4 2020 • 1» 143.6 2019 • • 9.8 2020 • • 1,513.1 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 99.9 2020 • 1» 4.0 2019 • ^ 0.1 2019 • ^ -0.7 2019 • • 1 1.2 2018 • • 40.6 2017 • • 5.5 2023 • + NA NA • • 0.1 2018 • ^ 44.3 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 57.8 2022 21.3 2017 13.9 2021 2.2 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio NA NA NA NA SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 8.5 2020 19.9 2019 77.4 2020 71.0 2019 0.3 2013 6.5 2019 5.7 2018 1.8 2018 55.3 2018 1 1.9 2018 NA NA dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 13.2 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) 0.7 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 14.0 2022 12.7 2022 0.98 2023 0.0 2021 0.2 2018 1.1 2015 10.9 2006 93 2019 99.9 2019 19 2022 0.3 2016 0.0 2021 25.8 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.1 2020 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 31.4 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 479 TUVALU Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B 7 AFFOBDABLEAH / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORN AND 0 EMNDNK GROWTH ill B 1A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) Insufficient Data Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 ^ 1 SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ SDG 11 Hi 4=> 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG SDG .. 2 SDG , 3 Tuvalu SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 ■ SDG 7 t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Tuvalu INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 38.1 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 52% 480 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus TUVALU Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA • • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.2 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.8 2019 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 51.6 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) NA NA • • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.6 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 21.3 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 296.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) NA NA # • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) NA NA Life expectancy at birth (years) NA NA • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 43.8 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.5 2020 # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 93 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 89.0 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 91.2 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 65.8 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 46.2 2019 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.6 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) NA NA • • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 6.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 83.7 2018 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) NA NA • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 8.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.7 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 70.6 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) NA NA • • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.2 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) 0.9 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) NA NA • • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA 71.6 2021 0.0 2017 NA NA 0.0 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 39.1 2010 1.8 2010 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 10.3 2019 100.0 2020 NA NA bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * 1.0 2016 1.5 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.7 2021 NA NA 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA 46.1 2022 0.0 2018 0.0 2019 2.7 2019 NA NA SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA 0.82 2023 NA NA NA NA 0.0 2019 NA NA NA NA 87.2 2020 NA NA 4.0 2020 0.0 2021 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 21.8 2020 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 38.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 481 UGANDA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 141 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B 7 AFFORDADLEAND / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER ■ B DECENT WORK AND I ECONDHC GROWTH STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NusmmMim I SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 gm. 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG ■■ 12 ''J Uganda ^-4 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 ■ SDG 7 IU INEQUALITIES A. < = ► ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement A'ofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Uganda ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 70.7 100 ^—I a MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 482 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus UGANDA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 35.7 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 60.2 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 23.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.6 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.3 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.5 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.4 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 284.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.0 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 42.1 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 199.0 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 1.3 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 21.2 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 163.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.4 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.7 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 127.9 2018 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 74.2 2016 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 50 2019 • 71 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.4 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 34.1 2010 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 86.1 2017 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 26.4 2017 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 90.8 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 65.5 2021 • 7t Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 73.3 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 93.9 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 33.8 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 55.9 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 19.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 169.1 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 42.1 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 0.5 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.2 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 22.0 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -4.1 2021 • • 7.6 2018 • • 65.9 2021 • 1» 4.3 2023 • ^ 0.4 2021 • ^ 0.0 2018 • 1" 3.2 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 64.7 2022 10.3 2021 52.2 2021 2.2 2018 35.0 2022 0.1 2021 0.1 2014 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 42.7 2019 2.1 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 54.0 2020 52.5 2019 53.0 2020 46.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.6 2011 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 0.6 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.2 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 8.8 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.2 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2020 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCycapita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 72.2 2022 48.5 2022 0.74 2023 0.5 2021 0.2 2018 8.5 2021 51.8 2021 52 2022 32.2 2016 26 2022 18.1 2017 0.0 2016 46.1 2023 0.4 2021 0.4 2021 0.6 2021 3.3 2021 NA NA 12.9 2020 0 2021 70.7 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 483 UKRAINE Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 38/166 STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 15, SDG 16 . SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG ... 2 SDG \ 3 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG -. 12 \ SDG 11 Ukraine it*-* SDG '"■...........................' SDG 10 S°G 8 SDG 5 .-" SDG ■-■*/ 6 ''SDG 7 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt B 7 tfraUUBLEAIRO / CLEAN ENERGY B q ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOMC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I H71 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Ukraine ■ East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 96.7 97.8 98.3 99.8 r STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 100 78.9 484 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% The data for Ukraine correspond to the situation before February 2022. Since February 2022 many data points could not be updated for Ukraine. UKRAINE Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend NA NA • • NA NA • • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 2.8 2020 • •* 12.3 2022 • ; 8.2 2000 • • 24.1 2016 • + 2.3 2017 • •+ 5.5 2021 • 1» 0.4 2018 • 1» 0.5 2020 • • 16.5 2020 • ^ 4.8 2021 • 1» 8.2 2021 • 1» 71.0 2021 • i 0.2 2021 • 1» 25.5 2019 • ^ 78.9 2019 • • 10.2 2019 • 1» 73.0 2019 • ^ 14.7 2019 • 1» 99.9 2014 • • 78 2021 • 1» 73 2019 • 4.6 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) * Imputed data point The data for Ukraine correspond to the situation before February 2022. Since February 2022 many data points could not be updated for Ukraine. NA NA • • 92.0 2014 • • 94.4 2014 • • 99.9 2021 • • 68.0 2012 • i 106.9 2021 • 1» 76.0 2021 • ^ 20.8 2021 • : 93.9 2020 • ^ 97.7 2020 • 1» 13.7 2019 • • 14.1 2020 • • 720.9 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 94.9 2020 • 1» 1.2 2019 • 1» 7.4 2019 • ^ -0.8 2021 • • 6.4 2018 • • 83.6 2021 • 1» 9.8 2021 • • 0.7 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • ^ 7.0 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) NA NA • • Population using the internet (%) 79.2 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 80.1 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2.2 2018 JL infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 33.1 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.4 2021 * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.4 2020 • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 25.6 2020 • * Palma ratio 0.9 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 1.1 2018 • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 19.0 2019 m 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) * si Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 79.0 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 58.0 2021 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2016 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.7 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 16.9 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.7 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 42.2 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.3 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.6 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * NA NA • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 67.4 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.7 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 23.6 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 31.7 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 21.4 2019 • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.8 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 57.3 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.94 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 3.8 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 33.8 2017 • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 62 2021 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.8 2012 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 33 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 3.2 2012 • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 61.2 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 * Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 9.1 2020 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 32.3 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.9 2022 • * Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 485 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 79 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 " I poverty MM 7affordable and glean energy 10 chute IÜ action O zero C hunger B 0 degent wdrk and 0 ecqnomc growth B \k LIFE 14 below water B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) '.I !' . 16. SDG 17 SDG 1 S[)i ■ SDG 15 / SD' 40- 30- 70- 10- SDG 1-1 13 Worsening Limited progress I Achieved or on track SD' 12 I feto Urisec Arab Emirates SDG 4 SDS 5 .- SDG ' 6 SDG 1 1 SDG ............................... SDG 10 S°G 8 ■'SD' 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B Hi 9HHMKT WMIl* I AIDIIRASTRUCTÜRE I Ü1 4fl reduced IU inequalities B 1C peace. justice ID and strong institutions B 71 I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain ShGacevec ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topia/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX United Arab Emirates OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 39.9 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 77.5 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 6% 486 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.2 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.6 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 0.7 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 31.7 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 26.2 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.3 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 53.2 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 9.3 2020 • * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 3.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 6.4 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 0.8 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 18.5 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 70.0 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 8.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.1 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 3.7 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.2 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 96 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.7 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.2 2022 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.3 2022 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 96.9 2020 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.7 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 61.2 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 97.8 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 59.3 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 50.0 2021 • * SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.2 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 1,630.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 92.1 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 26,346.4 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.4 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 0.7 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.7 2021 # Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) » NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 85.7 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 2.7 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.4 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 229.4 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 93.3 100.0 241.2 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 2021 4.0 2018 44.2 1.3 2022 2021 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 26.0 0.9 2018 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 0.0 41.7 NA 86.0 2020 2019 NA 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.6 2019 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 15.0 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 42.0 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 19.1 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 52.5 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 76.2 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.1 2021 dukj m — uimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 21.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 5.5 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 31,020.7 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 48.6 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 71.3 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 13.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 4.9 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 0.6 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 1.0 2018 4.6 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 51.6 2022 Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.85 2023 Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) NA NA Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 0.5 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 38.2 2016 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 91 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 100.0 2022 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 67 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 43.0 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.3 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional 0 3 1CX)1 public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 98 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 77.5 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 487 UNITED KINGDOM OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 11 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 poverty Itfftff 7AFHHDJUMAIO CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER * U ECOKMC GROWTH fit 1A LIFE 14 DELOW WATER 71 STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (% I Worsening _ T ted:: oa ess I Achieved or on track q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ Hi SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 ifflN 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15., SDG , 3 SD' h SD' 13 SDG 1? United Kirccom SDG 4 SDG 5 SI )G 11 "''.I!' / SDG '.............................' SDG 10 S°G 8 4fl reduced IU inequalities ■w s 1C PEACE.JUSIICE ID AND STRONG iNsrrnmoNS I Major challenges I Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX United Kingdom OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 - 65.7 - 73.8 - 91.1 - 94.5 - 96.2 - 97.8 - 98.3 • 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 87.1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 4% 488 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus UNITED KINGDOM Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.7 2023 • Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 11.2 2020 • SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) » 2.6 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.3 2017 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 27.8 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 7.0 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 67.8 2021 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 43.7 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 9.8 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 2.8 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 4.2 2021 • * Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 6.3 2021 • * New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 10.3 2019 Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 13.4 2019 Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 3.2 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 81.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 10.9 2019 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) NA NA • • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 91 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 88 2019 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.7 2022 Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) 3.6 2018 Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) 20.4 2019 Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) 14.5 2020 # SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 99.9 2020 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 98.0 2020 # Lower secondary completion rate (%) 99.1 2020 • * Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) NA NA • Tertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) 57.5 2021 • * PISA score (worst 0-600 best) 503.7 2018 # Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) 10.7 2018 Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) 17.4 2018 • SDG5 — Gender Eoualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods 86.5 2010 (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 88.3 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 34.3 2021 Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) 14.3 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 100.0 2020 • * Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 99.1 2020 • * - Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 14.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 99.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,688.52 2018 • • Population using safely managed water services (%) 99.8 2020 • Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) 98.1 2020 SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1 1 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.2 2019 • Pi SDG8 — Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -0.6 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.1 2018 • • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 99.8 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports 0.3 2018 (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 83.5 2018 Employment-to-population ratio (%) 75.6 2022 Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) 1 1 P 2021 * (% of population aged 15 to 29) I I .O SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) Triadic patent families filed (per million population) Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) Female share of graduates from STEM fields at the tertiary level (%) SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) Population with rent overburden (%) Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) SDG13 -Climate Action Value Year RatingTrend 00.0 2022 96.7 2021 13.3 2021 4.0 2018 93.2 2022 3.2 2021 1.7 2019 9.6 2019 25.5 2020 NA NA » • 38.1 2016 35.1 2017 » • 1.5 2020 13.1 2020 » * 0.0 2020 « 10.0 2019 « 00.0 2020 « 64.0 2022 12.9 2018 « 97.9 2022 « > • 23.9 2019 « > • 8.1 2018 « > • 7.9 2018 « > • 30.9 2018 » * 23.6 2018 « > Pi 3.9 2021 « 0.7 2020 « > • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 5.2 2021 « > Pi CO2 emissions embodied in imports (HLTVcapita) 2.6 2018 « CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1 484.9 2021 > • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR6OACO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 46.9 2018 « > Pi SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.2 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 74.2 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 20.1 2018 • * Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 29.9 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 4.7 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.2 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 81.4 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 90.9 2022 • * Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.96 2023 • * Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.2 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.0 2020 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA • • Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 75 2022 • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 73 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 1.2 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 78.5 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • * Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 15.6 2020 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.5 2022 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 93 2021 • • Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 69.0 2022 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) 113.9 2018 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 87.1 2022 • * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 489 UNITED STATES OECD Countries OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 39/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 77.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15.. SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 SDG 16.. SDG ' 1 1 SDG 17 SDG 1 ...............0............. I United States SDG .. 2 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFF0RDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECCNDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING B Hi g NusmmMim I 11 + IU INEQUALITIES .A. ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG IHSTTTLTTIOMS B 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX United States OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 67.8 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 100 -I-1- 92.8 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 490 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus UNITED STATES Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.6 2023 • * Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 0.8 2023 Poverty rate after taxes and transfers (%) 15.1 2021 • 7k SDG2 - Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 • * Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 0.1 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 36.2 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.5 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 8.3 2021 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.5 2018 Yield gap closure (% of potential yield) 68.7 2021 • • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 14.5 2020 • • SDG3 — Good Health and Well-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years) Gap in self-reported health status by income (percentage points) Daily smokers (% of population aged 15 and over) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) hertiary educational attainment (% of population aged 25 to 34) PISA score (worst 0-600 best) Variation in science performance explained by socio-economic status (%) Underachievers in science (% of 15-year-olds) SDG5 — Gender Eaualitv Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) Gender wage gap (% of male median wage) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) Population using safely managed water services (%) Population using safely managed sanitation services (%) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/hWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8-Decent Work ar id economic urowtn Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Employment-to-population ratio (%) Youth not in employment, education or training (NEEh) (% of population aged 15 to 29) 21.1 2020 3.3 2021 6.2 2021 2.6 2021 0.1 2019 13.6 2019 14.2 2019 12.7 2019 78.5 2019 16.7 2019 99.0 2019 91 2021 83 2019 6.7 2022 68.4 2019 21.9 2020 9.4 2020 91.0 2020 • ^ 98.0 2020 103.8 2020 NA NA 51.2 2021 495.0 2018 12.3 2018 18.6 2018 78.4 2017 100.8 2021 83.6 2022 27.7 2021 16.9 2021 * * 99.9 2020 • 99.7 2020 • 28.2 2019 58.9 2020 • 1,741.30 2018 • 97.3 2020 • 98.3 2020 • 100.0 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 1.2 2019 10.4 2019 • ^ 0.9 2021 • • 1.3 2018 • • SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 99.9 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 91.8 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 165.8 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 4.0 2018 ♦ infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) T hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of 95.0 2022 # • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 1.9 2021 • * Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 3.5 2020 • * Researchers (per 1,000 employed population) 9.9 2019 • * hriadic patent families filed (per million population) 38.9 2020 • Gap in internet access by income (percentage points) 26.9 2019 • * Female share of graduates from ShEM fields at the tertiary level (%) 34.0 2016 • * SDG10- Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 41.5 2019 • Palma ratio 1.6 2021 • Elderly poverty rate (% of population aged 66 or over) 22.8 2021 • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) * 0.0 2020 • * Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 6.8 * T Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 99.6 2020 • + Satisfaction with public transport (%) 57.0 2022 • Population with rent overburden (%) 11.0 2019 Proportion of population with access to points of interest within a 15min walk (%) 57.4 2022 • • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Electronic waste (kg/capita) 21.0 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 30.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 8.4 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 68.8 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 19.3 2018 • 7k Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.4 2021 • * Non-recycled municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 1.5 2018 • • SDG13 -Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 14.9 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLIh/capita) 2.8 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 2,383.8 2021 • Carbon Pricing Score at EUR60/tCO2 (%, worst 0-100 best) 22.1 2018 • • SDG14- Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 37.4 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 80.6 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 23.9 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.0 2019 • 7k Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.7 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG15 - Life on Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 44.6 2022 • Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 40.4 2022 • Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.83 2023 • Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.7 2018 • • SDG16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.8 2021 • -» Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.9 2020 • -» Population whofeel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 73 2022 • -» Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children under age 5) 100.0 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 69 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) * 0.0 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 3.2 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 71.2 2023 • -» Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • -» himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • 7k Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • -» Persons held in prison (per 100,000 population) 506.2 2020 • 7k SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 95.0 2021 • * Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 16.7 2020 • * 0.6 2021 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.2 2022 • 0.2 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • 64.5 2018 • Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 47 2021 • • 71.3 2022 Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) 72.6 2022 • 16.3 2021 • Shifted profits of multinationals (US$ billion) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 165.3 92.8 2019 2022 • • * * * Imputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 491 URUGUAY Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 32 /166 COUNTRY SCORE v3 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdarleand CLEAN ENERGY Q ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B D DECENT WORN AND 0 ECQNDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLOEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Si SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 ...............0....... r Uruguay SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG t I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Uruguay Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 93.2 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 _ _ 100 I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 77.7 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 1% 492 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus URUGUAY Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.7 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 1.1 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 2.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.1 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 1.4 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 27.9 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.4 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.5 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.7 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 18.6 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 4.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 5.8 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 32.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.3 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.5 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 16.2 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 14.8 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 77.1 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 32.6 2019 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 100.0 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 79 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.7 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 81.7 2020 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 99.7 2020 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 94.6 2019 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.0 2019 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 86.7 2023 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 106.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 79.9 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 24.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 99.5 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 98.1 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 9.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 2,066.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 100.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.5 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 54.5 2019 • * SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -2.1 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 1.0 2018 • Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 74.1 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.9 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 • * Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 25.8 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 99.8 2022 • • 90.1 2021 109.1 2021 2.4 2018 12.0 2019 0.7 2021 0.5 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.2 2020 1.9 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 0.0 2014 8.7 2019 100.0 2020 66.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1.0 2015 10.5 2019 14.4 2018 1.6 2018 128.6 2018 17.1 2018 0.3 2021 2.0 2021 0.6 2018 0.0 2018 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 53.8 2022 69.6 2022 54.8 2018 52.6 2019 6.1 2019 0.0 2018 23.3 2022 28.3 2022 0.85 2023 0.2 2021 0.7 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 8.9 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 22.0 2019 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 49 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.8 2013 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 74 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 4.2 2010 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.3 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.8 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 1 1.1 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 77.7 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 493 UZBEKISTAN Eastern Europe and Central Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING COUNTRY SCORE 69/166 REGIONAL AVERAGE: 71.8 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 EMNDNK GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16, SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG , 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG \ 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 Uzbekistan SDG 4 SDG 5 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track 12 \ .■ SDG / 6 SDG ' 11 SDG SDG "..........................." SDG 10 ™ 8 Q G000HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I III 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 Ha^rI I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Uzbekistan I Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 97.9 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 70.6 100 *-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 494 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus UZBEKISTAN Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.7 2023 39.1 2023 • 2.5 2020 6.9 2022 2.4 2021 • 16.6 2016 2.3 2017 4.7 2021 • 0.7 2018 • NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Qualitv Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 30.2 2020 • 1» 7.7 2021 • 1» 14.1 2021 • 1» 62.0 2021 • '* 0.1 2021 • 1» 25.3 2019 • : 151.7 2019 • • 1 1.7 2019 • ^ 73.0 2019 • : 18.9 2017 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 98 2021 • ^ 71 2019 • 1» 6.0 2022_« 1» 68.9 2021 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 96.1 2021 97.5 2020 • T 100.0 2019 • 1» ' 84.0 2023 • 1» 97.2 2021 • 1» 175.1 2022 • 1» 32.7 2021 • 1» 97.8 2020 • 1» 100.0 2020 • 1» 168.9 2019 • • 0.0 2020 • • 356.8 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 84.3 2020 • + 1.8 2019 • ^ 1.6 2019 • + -0.3 2021 • • 5.2 2018 • • 44.1 2021 • ^ 6.3 2023 • ^ 0.5 2021 • + 0.0 2018 • ^ 3.1 2018 • • SDG9_Industrv Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 70.2 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 76.6 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 105.5 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 2.6 2018 * The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 0.0 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 • Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 0.1 2020 • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 35.3 2003 • • Palma ratio 1.5 2003 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) NA NA • • Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) 26.9 2019 • 71 Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 88.1 2020 • Satisfaction with public transport (%) 84.0 2022 • * SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2012 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.4 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.3 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 29.4 2018 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.5 2018 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 • • SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.6 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.1 2018 • * CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 378.6 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) NA NA • • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) NA NA • • Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) NA NA • • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) NA NA • • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) NA NA • • Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 17.7 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 13.4 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.97 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • * Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 1.4 2021 • * Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) NA NA • • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 85 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.9 2006 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 31 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2016 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 45.7 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 71 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.3 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 8.0 2020 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 21.5 2020 • 71 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.6 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 495 VANUATU Oceania OVERALL PERFORMANCE COUNTRY RANKING NA /166 COUNTRY SCORE NA i REGIONAL AVERAGE: 52.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG SDG 16....--' SDG SDG 17 im 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ Vanuatu SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 Insufficient Data SDG 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Si Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Afofe.- The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX Vanuatu INSUFFICIENT DATA OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 51.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 28% 496 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus VANUATU Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 15.4 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 42.4 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 1 1.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.7 2013 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 25.2 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.6 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 94.4 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.9 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 23.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 34.0 2021 New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 39.7 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 259.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 14.9 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 81.0 2012 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 89.4 2013 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 50 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 52 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 98.0 2020 • 1» 96.6 2020 • 1» 51.1 2020 • + 96.9 2021 • 1» 50.7 2013 • NA NA • • 77.5 2022 • * 0.0 2021 • 91.2 2020 52.7 2020 • NA NA • • 4.5 2020 • • NA NA • • 67.3 2020 • 7.6 2020 • 2.9 2019 • 2.4 2019 • -7.6 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 2.1 2023 • ^ SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 58.9 66.3 285.1 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 0.0 2022 • • 0.2 2021 • ^ NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 32.3 1.2 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) NA NA • • 2019 • 1" 2020 • + NA • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) dukj is — uimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) * SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 1.1 NA NA NA NA NA 0.6 NA 0.0 2016 • 2019 • NA • NA • NA • NA • NA • 2021 • ^ NA • • 2021 • • 3.3 2022 • 64.9 2022 • 34.6 2018 • 0.3 2019 • * 8.4 2019 • * 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 2.8 2022 • NA NA • • 0.66 2023 • 0.1 2021 • 71 0.3 2018 • • 0.3 2020 • • 22.4 2016 • • NA NA • • 43.4 2013 • • 48 2022 • • 15.6 2013 • • 0.0 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 4.9 2020 • NA NA • • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 30.3 2020 • * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * 0 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 51.2 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 497 VENEZUELA, RB Latin America and the Caribbean OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 117 /166 COUNTRY SCORE 62.9 J REGIONAL AVERAGE: 70.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AHORDABLEAII] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO Ĺ HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 EMNLilC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH Ú AHB WELL-BEING ■ B n g NustsnHMim I öl SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ I Venezuela, SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 SDG " 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 ■ SDG 7 III 4Zt> 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRBNG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean Venezuela, RB East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.7 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 52.3 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 5% 498 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus VENEZUELA, RB Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 43.9 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 70.1 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 22.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.5 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.1 2009 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 25.6 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.5 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.8 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 259.2 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 24.2 2021 -» Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 47.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 14.8 2019 • + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 37.9 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 39.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 74.0 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 83.8 2017 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 98.7 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 56 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 70 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 85.8 2017 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 90.4 2017 • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 75.2 2017 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.7 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) » 82.4 2023 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 104.7 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 61.2 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 93.7 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 95.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 7.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 6.4 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 463.6 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 100.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 97.0 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.1 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 15.0 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.6 2011 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.6 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 84.4 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 5.6 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 77.9 2022 • • 61.6 2017 48.2 2021 2.1 2018 16.5 2022 0.1 2021 0.3 2014 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 44.8 2006 2.4 2006 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 25.7 2006 15.6 2019 NA NA 54.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.9 2012 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 10.7 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 12.3 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 39.3 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 8.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2013 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 2.8 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 59.4 2022 66.3 2022 16.8 2018 0.4 2019 0.7 2019 0.0 2018 78.8 2022 85.4 2022 0.82 2023 0.1 2021 0.8 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 19.3 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 63.0 2017 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 47 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 81.3 2017 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 14 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) NA NA Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.0 202 Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 37.0 2023 Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.1 2021 Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.1 2021 SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 3.0 2020 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) ^ ^ Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) » 0 2021 Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 52.3 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 499 VIETNAM East and South Asia OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 55 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.2 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11* SDG 16. SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ SDG SDG 17 /«IN 1 ..............0....... r Vietnam SDG .. 2 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 SDG " 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 S°G 8 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Vietnam ■ Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 94.8 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -I-F 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-1- 73.2 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 500 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus VIETNAM Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 0.4 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 2.8 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 19.3 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.7 2020 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 2.1 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.9 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 48.7 2020 • • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 124.3 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 10.5 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 20.6 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 173.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 21.2 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 102.8 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 30.6 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.7 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 29.0 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 96.1 2021 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 83 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 70 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.3 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 99.9 2018 • • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.7 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 97.7 2018 • • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.6 2019 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 72.1 2020 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 92.1 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 88.6 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 30.3 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 89.2 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 18.1 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 0.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 665.2 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 100.0 2020 • T 65.3 2020 • : 1.0 2019 • ^ 18.0 2019 0.6 2021 • • 4.5 2018 • • 30.8 2017 • • 1.7 2023 • 1» 0.6 2021 0.0 2018 • ^ 14.0 2018 • • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 85.9 2022 • • 74.2 2021 • 1» 87.8 2021 3.0 2018 36.6 2022 0.2 2021 0.5 2019 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.7 2018 1.5 2018 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 5.8 2020 27.9 2019 85.4 2020 83.0 2022 0.3 2010 2.7 2019 10.4 2018 0.8 2018 27.8 2018 7.6 2018 1.3 2021 buu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.3 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 185.7 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 24.6 2022 46.9 2022 5.5 2018 66.3 2019 16.9 2019 0.0 2018 40.1 2022 39.5 2022 0.71 2023 1.2 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) * Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 7k 71 * * 7k * 1.5 2011 • • 12.8 2019 • * 85 2022 • * 96.1 2014 • • 42 2022 • 7k 6.9 2021 • • 0.0 2018 • • 24.6 2023 • 0.5 2021 • 7k 0.5 2021 • -» 0.4 2021 • -» 6.2 2020 • NA NA • • 19.6 2019 • 0 2021 • • 73.2 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 501 YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF Middle East and North Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 163 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 67.1 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFH«MBLE*m CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \A UTE 14 BELOW WATER STATUS OF SDG TARGETS SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 ass 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG '■ 12 Yemen, Rep. ^ j SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG " 11 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I 11* in 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANBSTRBNG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Yemen, Rep. ■ Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.0 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1- 33.2 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 10% 502 Sustainable Development Report 2023 *—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus YEMEN, REPUBLIC OF Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 66.0 2023 4 > 4- Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 87.3 2023 4 > * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 41.4 2020 4 » Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 35.1 2022 4 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 16.4 2013 4 i • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 17.1 2016 > + Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 4 » 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 0.8 2021 4 > ■» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 4 > 4- Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA 4 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 183.4 2020 4 > ■» Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 28.3 2021 4 > 4- Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 61.9 2021 4 > 4- Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 48.0 2021 4 > ■» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.0 2021 4 » ^ Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 27.6 2019 4 > j. diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) > Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 186.3 2019 ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 29.4 2019 4 > 4- Life expectancy at birth (years) 66.6 2019 4 > 4- Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 67.2 2012 4 > • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 44.7 2013 4 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 71 2021 4 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 4 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.6 2022 4 > ■» SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 4.1 2016 4 i • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 84.4 2016 4 i • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 53.1 2016 4 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 77.0 2004 4 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 40.5 2013 4 > ■» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 56.0 2021 4 » a Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 8.8 2022 4 Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 0.0 2021 4 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 60.7 2020 4 > * 54.1 2020 4 > * 169.8 2019 4 > • 0.0 2020 4 > • 369.3 2018 4 > • 73.8 2020 4 61.5 2020 4 5.0 2019 4 > 4- 3.1 2019 4 > ■» SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1 1.3 2013 NA NA 6.5 2014 13.3 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 1.1 2018 SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 62.9 2022 26.7 2017 5.0 2021 2.1 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.0 2021 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 36.7 2014 1.6 2014 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 44.2 2018 51.9 2019 76.7 2020 47.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2016 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1.5 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.0 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.1 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 6.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 4.2 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2018 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 0.4 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.0 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) NA NA SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 30.6 2022 51.3 2022 6.7 2018 2.8 2019 0.6 2019 0.0 2018 27.9 2022 8.2 2022 0.83 2023 NA NA 0.0 2018 6.3 2013 70.9 2013 53 2022 30.7 2013 16 2022 NA NA 0.0 2021 32.8 2023 NA NA NA NA NA NA 5.9 2015 NA NA NA NA 0 2021 33.2 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 503 ZAMBIA Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 145 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 gm. 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG '■- 12 IT Zambia SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 ■ SDG 7 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Afofe.- The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Zambia ■ Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.2 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 60.1 100 -I-1- MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 2% 504 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus ZAMBIA Performance by Indicator SDG1 ■ No Poverty Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 58.3 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 72.3 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) NA NA # Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 31.4 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 4.2 2018 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.1 2016 -» Human Trophic hevel (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 -» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 2.5 2021 • -» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 1.1 2018 • -» Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 0.3 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 134.7 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 24.6 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 57.7 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 307.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 2.2 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 24.6 2019 • * Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 174.0 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 20.5 2019 • hife expectancy at birth (years) 62.5 2019 • -» Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 135.0 2017 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 80.4 2019 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 90 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 55 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.7 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) NA NA • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 85.1 2017 • • hower secondary completion rate (%) 54.8 2013 • hiteracy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 93.2 2020 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 65.9 2018 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 99.4 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 80.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 15.1 2021 • -» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 65.4 2020 • -» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 31.9 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 2.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 4.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 350.9 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 44.5 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 10.4 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 0.4 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 22.8 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -6.3 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 5.7 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 48.5 2021 • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.1 2023 • * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.4 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 8.0 2018 • SDG9_Industry Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) hogistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 51.6 2022 21.2 2021 53.2 2021 2.3 2018 0.0 2022 0.0 2021 0.3 2008 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 57.1 2015 5.0 2015 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 48.3 2020 26.3 2019 66.1 2020 50.0 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.5 2011 1.0 2019 5.3 2018 0.7 2018 14.6 2018 2.8 2018 0.1 2021 0.4 2021 0.2 2018 3.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) * Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 2018 46.1 2022 56.8 2022 0.88 2023 0.4 2021 0.5 2018 5.3 2015 28.0 2017 45 2022 14.1 2018 33 2022 23.0 2012 0.0 2021 59.4 2023 0.4 2021 0.5 2021 0.4 2021 6.1 2020 NA NA 19.6 2020 0 2021 60.1 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 505 ZIMBABWE Sub-Saharan Africa OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG COUNTRY RANKING 138 /166 COUNTRY SCORE REGIONAL AVERAGE: 53.0 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDADLEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS I Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi SDG 16.. SDG SDG 17 gm. 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 15, SDG , 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 Zimbabwe SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 SDG " 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Afofe.- The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Zimbabwe ■ Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 94.6 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX -i-1- 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-1- 70.2 100 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 3% 506 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus ZIMBABWE Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Value Year RatingTrend 41.5 2023 • + 65.7 2023 • + NA NA • • 21.6 2022 • ; 2.9 2019 • 1» 15.5 2016 • 4» 2.2 2017 • •+ 1.5 2021 • 1* 1.2 2018 • + NA NA • • 356.8 2020 • ^ 25.0 2021 • ^ 49.5 2021 • : 190.0 2021 • 4 1.5 2021 • 1» 28.4 2019 • Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 69.4 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 34.8 2021 • 7i Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 58.3 2021 • ^ Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 1 8 2018 • ^ infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of , 00 2022 • • top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.1 2021 • ^ Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) NA NA • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 50.3 2019 • • 2.3 2017 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 21.6 2020 • 21.3 2019 • 66.8 2020 • 46.0 2022 • SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 189.6 2019 Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.3 2002 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # # Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 41.2 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.6 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 60.7 2019 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.5 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 107.9 2017 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 11.0 2018 • * Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 86.0 2019 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.6 2018 • * Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 85 2021 • ^ Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 55 2019 • 3.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 55.5 2021 • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 93.8 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 58.0 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 90.7 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 84.8 2015 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 90.3 2021 • a Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 85.1 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 31.9 2021 SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 62.7 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 35.2 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 35.4 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 37.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,251.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 52.7 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 30.4 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.3 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.9 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -9.1 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 6.7 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 59.8 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 8.0 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.1 2018 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.7 2021 • * 0.6 2018 • 29.5 2021 • • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • NA NA • 0.0 2018 • Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 35.3 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) ' Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 81.2 2022 • 82.0 2022 • 0.79 2023 • 0.3 2021 • 0.3 2018 • • 6.1 2021 • • 18.3 2020 • 37 2022 • 48.7 2019 • • 23 2022 • 27.9 2019 • • 0.0 2021 • • 48.2 2023 • 0.4 2021 • 0.3 2021 • 0.3 2021 • 4.6 2020 • NA NA • • 8.1 2018 • • 0 2021 • • 70.2 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 507 EAST AND SOUTH ASIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B D DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOWWATER B 100- 90- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16 . SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG SDG 15, SDG ■.. 3 SDG 14 SDG 13 | Worsening I Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG ■ 12 East and South Asia SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 SDG 11 ''SDG 7 SDG 10 s^ Q GOOOHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Si Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANOSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 70.6 100 ^-1 MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 508 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus EAST AND SOUTH ASIA Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.4 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 8.9 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 9.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 20.6 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 9.7 2021 • • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 5.5 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.8 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 9.1 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 82.4 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 13.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 22.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 181.4 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 20.1 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 123.9 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.5 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 18.8 2020 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 90.8 2020 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 88 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 68 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.0 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 91.0 2021 • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 97.9 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 89.8 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 94.9 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 80.0 2023 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 89.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 58.5 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 20.2 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 92.6 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 80.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 50.1 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 4.5 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 329.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 96.9 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 68.6 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output 1.5 2019 (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -0.4 2021 • • 5.5 2018 • • 73.2 2021 • 1» 5.4 2023 • ^ SDG9 - Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Value Year RatingTrend Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) 82.5 2022 • • Population using the internet (%) 57.1 2021 • * Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) 78.8 2021 • * Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related 2018 infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) 3.1 w V The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) 53.2 2022 • • Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) 0.3 2021 Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) 1.2 2020 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient 36.4 2020 • • Palma ratio 2.9 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) 42.9 2020 Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 59.7 2019 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) 72.8 2020 Satisfaction with public transport (%) 77.9 2022 » + SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2019 • • Electronic waste (kg/capita) 4.6 2019 • • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 10.9 2018 • • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.5 2018 • • Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 25.2 2018 • 71 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 3.1 2018 • ■» Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2021 » * SDG13 — Climate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.1 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tCCVcapita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) ,739.5 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 11.9 2022 • ■» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 41.7 2022 • ■» Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 17.2 2018 • ■» Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 24.9 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 3.8 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.0 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 16.5 2022 • ■» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 15.8 2022 • ■» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.72 2023 • 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.1 2021 • ■» Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.3 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 2.3 2021 • * r 61.8 2020 • • 77 2022 • * 76.5 2022 • • 01 39 2022 • 0 Q 9.5 2021 • • c r+ 0.0 2021 • • < ■0 33.8 2023 • 0 0.5 2021 • 71 2» 5" 0.5 2021 • 0.5 2021 • 0.4 2021 • ^ Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.7 2021 • 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • 7.3 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 13.6 2020 • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 23 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 70.6 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 509 EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 100- 90- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ SDG 16, SDG 1 5 / SDG " 11 Eastern Europe and Central Asia SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS SDG 10 SDG 9 1 ■ 1 POVERTY Mftt 7 AFFORDADLEAND / CLEAN ENERGY /|\ B «0 CLMATE 10 ACTION B O ZERO C HUNGER B d DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDRK GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLOEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I öl Hi «n 8111111:0 IU INEQUALITIES .A. B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG msmvnis B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving 71 SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 7% 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 -I-1-1-1-1-1-F 77.1 510 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus EASTERN EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 7.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 14.5 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 5.7 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.5 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 3.9 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 20.1 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 80.6 2020 * Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 7.7 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 13.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 67.8 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.1 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 25.2 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 105.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 1 1.8 2019 Life expectancy at birth (years) 72.4 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 24.7 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.3 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 89 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 69 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 83.7 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.0 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.3 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 95.1 2021 • • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 63.9 2023 • Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 96.1 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 81.0 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 94.0 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 88.7 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 34.6 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 14.9 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 1,276.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.7 2020 • Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 82.1 2020 -» CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.4 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.7 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -1.2 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 7.3 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 69.0 2021 • * Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.8 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 19.2 2018 • Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 82.2 74.5 87.3 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • 1» 2.5 2018 • ^ 28.2 2022 0.5 0.6 2021 • 1» 2020 • + SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 32.9 1.2 2020 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 19.6 22.7 87.4 57.9 2020 2019 2020 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.9 8.8 13.9 1.3 36.3 8.0 0.4 7.3 0.5 5,421 2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 2021 2018 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) NA NA NA NA NA 0.0 NA NA NA NA NA 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 38.0 2022 • * 39.3 2022 • * 0.93 2023 • * 0.0 2021 • * 0.6 2018 • • 4.2 2021 • * 19.7 2020 • * 65 2022 • * 93.5 2022 • • 31 2022 • * NA NA • • 1.5 2021 • • 45.1 2023 0.6 2021 • * 0.5 2021 • 4- 0.4 2021 • -» 8.1 2021 • * NA NA • • 25.6 2020 5 2021 • • 77.1 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 511 LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15.. SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 SDG 16. SDG ' 1 1 Latin America ^ ! and the ^^^^ Caribbean SDG 10 SDG 9 ■ SDG 7 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt q ZERO C HUNGER 0 DECENT WORN AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOOOHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ E g NustsnHMim I 01 X QUALTTY B ~ UJUbAIUll Iii IU inequalities ■w B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG iNsmunoNS B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals t I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 -I-1-1-1-1-1-1- 73.7 512 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 6.1 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 12.1 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 8.5 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 10.7 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.6 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 22.9 2016 • Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.3 2017 • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.1 2021 • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.6 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 21.9 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 90.2 2020 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 9.2 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 16.2 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 53.8 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 15.5 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 42.5 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 18.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 75.6 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 54.6 2020 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 95.4 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 71 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 73 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 6.1 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 91.0 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 95.1 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 77.3 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 98.5 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 81.4 2023 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 100.9 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 71.5 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 24.7 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 96.5 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 86.8 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 5.8 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 30.3 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 584.0 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 98.0 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 88.6 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCh/TWh) 1.0 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 28.3 2019 • * SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -2.8 2021 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 2.4 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 71.9 2021 • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.3 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 9.9 2018 • Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 87.8 2022 • • 75.0 2021 • 1» 77.5 2021 • 1» 2.6 2018 • 4» 27.2 2022 0.3 2021 0.7 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 46.5 2020 2.6 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 22.2 2020 14.4 2019 95.0 2020 52.9 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) buij 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.9 2019 8.8 2019 9.2 2018 1.0 2018 38.8 2018 5.4 2018 0.2 2021 2.4 2021 0.3 2018 644.1 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.3 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 64.1 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 20.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 18.0 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 19.8 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 43.8 2022 * > * 44.3 2022 * 0.83 2023 4 > + 0.5 2021 * 0.5 2018 * > • 17.1 2021 » a 38.0 2020 » * 48 2022 » a 94.4 2022 » • 35 2022 » 4- 8.2 2021 » • 0.0 2021 » • 56.6 2023 » 4- 0.6 2021 » a 0.3 2021 » 4- 0.5 2021 » * 9.5 2021 NA NA 22.6 2020 4 2021 73.7 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 513 MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7JVF0RDADLEAID CLEAN ENERGY Q ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B 100-90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG ' 11 SDG 10 ■ SDG 7 SDG 9 Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID ANBSTRBNG 71 I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX °, ^ 8% 0 (worst) to 100 (best) -I-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 0 —i-1-1 x 64.5 514 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 7.0 2023 • ^ 12.8 2023 • + cnro SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 8.7 2020 • ^ 14.4 2022 • ^ 6.1 2021 • • 28.8 2016 • + 2.2 2017 • 1» 4.0 2021 • ^ 0.8 2018 • ^ 2.0 2020 • • 47.3 2020 • 1» 1 1.1 2021 • 1» 19.8 2021 • 1» 26.6 2021 0.0 2021 • 1» 21.3 2019 • ^ 85.4 2019 • • 18.2 2019 • ^ 74.0 2019 • 1 34.7 2020 • • 92.0 2020 • • 88 2021 • ^ 68 2019 • 1» 4.7 2022 • + SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 50.0 2021 • ^ 97.0 2021 • 1» 80.3 2021 • '* 92.6 2021 • • 64.1 2023 • ^ 92.1 2021 • 1» 25.5 2022 • + 17.1 2021 • ^ 94.7 2020 • T 91.3 2020 • 1» 252.6 2019 • • 25.4 2020 • • 1,619.9 2018 • • 97.2 2020 • 1» 96.0 2020 • ^ 2.0 2019 • ^ 1.9 2019 • ^ SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -3.2 2021 • • NA NA • • 46.7 2021 • ^ 10.2 2023 • ^ NA NA • • 0.0 2018 • 1" 22.6 2018 • • jstry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 79.0 70.7 77.2 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 • 1» 2.6 2018 • 4» 31.8 2022 • • 0.5 0.6 2021 • 1» 2020 • • SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 34.3 2020 • • 2020 • • 58.9 91.2 58.2 2020 2019 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 2020 • ^ 2022 • ^ Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2019 • • 7.8 2019 • • 19.1 2018 • • 1.6 2018 • • 24.2 2018 • * 8.8 2018 • * 0.3 2021 • * bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 6, SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 6.0 0.6 419.8 43.0 60.0 20.7 22.0 2021 • ^ 2018 • 1» 2021 • • 2022 • ^ 2022 • ^ 2018 • 1» 2019 • ^ 2019 • ^ 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 33.7 2022 • -» 32.9 2022 • -» 0.88 2023 • -» NA NA • • 0.4 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 2.8 2021 • 26.2 2020 • • 71 2022 • * 93.9 2022 • • 01 31 2022 • O Q NA NA • • c 0.1 2021 • • ltry 34.7 2023 • Pro NA NA NA NA • • • • Files NA NA • • 7.2 2021 • NA NA • • NA NA • • 3 2021 • • 64.5 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 515 OCEANIA OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AFRHOADLEAIR] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ill B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG '■- v 12 SDG , 3 Oceania SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 SDG " 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANDWELLOEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Ö* Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG m Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wofe: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania ■ 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 1-1-1-1-1-1-F 0 516 100 -I-F 47.7 Sustainable Development Report 2023 l£* Implementing the SDG Stimulus MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 31% OCEANIA Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 25.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 48.2 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 19.4 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 44.5 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 12.4 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 23.5 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) NA NA • • Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) NA NA • • Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 168.9 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.1 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 38.9 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 353.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) NA NA • • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 36.4 2019 • Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 190.6 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 12.9 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.6 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 64.6 2020 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 64.0 2020 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 41 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 37 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 72.4 2021 • 4 97.2 2021 • 1» 47.1 2021 • + 69.9 2021 • • 49.7 2023 • ^ 78.9 2021 • ^ 92.3 2022 • 1» 2.3 2021 • 4> 53.6 2020 • ^ 30.1 2020 • + NA NA • • 0.6 2020 • • NA NA • • 66.0 2020 • : 14.0 2020 • ^ 2.2 2019 • ^ 12.0 2019 • 4> -6.4 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 2.8 2023 • ^ NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 45.7 2022 38.8 2021 23.8 2021 NA NA 1.8 2022 0.1 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.3 2020 1.9 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) NA NA 1 1.0 2019 58.7 2020 NA NA 0.4 2019 1.5 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.1 2021 dukj m — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 4.6 2022 64.3 2022 10.5 2018 • * 0.5 2019 • • 2.5 2019 • * NA NA • • 8.5 2022 NA NA • • 0.80 2023 • 4- 0.1 2021 • 71 NA NA • • 8.1 2021 • • 36.4 2020 • • NA NA • • 26.7 2022 • • NA NA • • 17.0 2021 • • 0.0 2021 • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • NA NA • • 4.8 2021 NA NA • • 16.3 2020 0 2021 • • 47.7 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 517 OECD MEMBERS OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90- 60- 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG " 11 SDG 10 SDG 9 ■ SDG 7 I POVERTY Mftt 7AFFORDABLE AND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k\ LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B III g NusmmMim I «n FUDUCEII IU INEQUALITIES .A. B 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG iNsnrumis B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals 71 Ha^rI I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) \-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 0 .... 90.3 518 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus OECD MEMBERS Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 - No Poverty Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) Value Year RatingTrend 1.3 2023 • ^ 2.2 2023 • ^ rrirn \nAt\ SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 3.1 2020 • 4.4 2022 • 0.9 2021 • 25.3 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 6.1 2021 • 0.7 2018 • 15.2 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 18.1 2020 • ^ 3.3 2021 • 1» 5.8 2021 • 1» 1 1.2 2021 • 1* 0.1 2021 • 1» 1 1.9 2019 • 1" 20.2 2019 • • 8.3 2019 • 1» 80.4 2019 • 1» 17.3 2020 • 1» 98.6 2020 • ^ 91 2021 • ^ 83 2019 • 1» 6.5 2022 • 1» 94.0 2021 • 1» 98.2 2021 • ^ 99.7 2021 • 1» NA NA • • 80.1 2023 • 1» 98.1 2021 • 1» 77.2 2022 • 1» 30.1 2021 • 99.5 2020 • 1» 98.6 2020 • 1» 30.7 2019 • • 64.9 2020 • • 2,230.2 2018 • • 99.9 2020 • 1» 98.0 2020 • 1» 1.2 2019 14.0 2019 • ^ -0.7 2021 • • 2.1 2018 • • 88.6 2021 • 1» 5.4 2023 • 1» 0.6 2021 • + 0.2 2018 • ^ 58.4 2018 • • Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 87.3 129.2 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 2021 3.7 2018 65.7 2022 1.9 2.3 2021 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 37.5 1.6 2020 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 2.9 13.8 99.0 59.7 1.5 17.6 17.3 6.0 46.9 20.6 3.6 2020 2019 2020 2022 2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 8.6 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 2.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 2,695.1 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 56.5 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.4 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 35.0 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 25.9 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 10.1 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.4 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 54.7 55.6 0.84 0.1 2022 2022 2023 2021 3.3 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 6.0 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 24.7 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 70 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.5 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 62 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 1.2 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 1.5 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 67.8 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.0 2021 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.4 2022 • 71 Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 40 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 90.3 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 519 SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 50- 40- 30- 20- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG .. 2 SDG 1 5 / SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■- 12 \ SDG ' 1 1 r Small Island [ Developing L States SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG / 6 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7jut0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONMC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 DELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi in ™™ IU INEQUALITIES B 1C PEACE JUSTICE ID AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Small Island Developing States -• 87.4 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 57.9 520 Sustainable Development Report 2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 15.1 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 29.3 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 15.7 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 17.0 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 5.1 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 21.3 2016 • Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.1 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.8 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) NA NA SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 155.5 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 15.2 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 29.7 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 129.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.3 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 23.3 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 106.3 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 21.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 71.5 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 48.7 2020 • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 80.7 2020 • Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 74 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 61 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) NA NA • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 78.1 2021 • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.4 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 72.3 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 90.0 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation 64.3 2023 • 89.7 2021 • 77.2 2022 • * 22.2 2021 • Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 82.3 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 67.3 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 26.2 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 14.2 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) NA NA • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 82.3 2020 • Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 58.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.0 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 8.6 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -3.2 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) NA NA Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) NA NA • • Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.4 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) NA NA • • Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 80.5 2022 • • 63.1 2021 53.5 2021 NA NA 1 1.8 2022 0.5 2021 NA NA SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.0 2020 1.9 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 21.3 2020 17.3 2019 68.7 2020 NA NA 0.8 2019 7.3 2019 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.6 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 3.0 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) NA NA CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 402.4 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 36.1 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 53.8 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 20.3 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 2.6 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 2.5 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 37.8 2022 NA NA 0.74 2023 0.3 2021 2.4 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 10.2 2021 r Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 46.1 2020 Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) NA NA • • Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 79.1 2022 • • 01 Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 38 2022 0 Q Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 16.3 2021 • • c 3 Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.1 2021 • • r+ -\ < Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 57.9 2023 O Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • files Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) NA NA • • SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 6.7 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 19.5 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 10 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 57.9 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 521 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 16. SDG SDG 17 ass 1 SDG .. 2 SDG " 11 SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 ■ SDG 7 I POVERTY Mftt 7aff0rdadleand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH ■if B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B g NusmmMim I Hi 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopmentun.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 73.8 91.1 94.5 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 T STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 |-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1 60.0 522 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend C|-|/~Q |i-»/Jii Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 32.1 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 53.0 2023 • SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 20.9 2020 • Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 30.9 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.7 2021 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.8 2016 -» Humanhrophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.8 2021 • 71 Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 10.0 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 491.1 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 26.4 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 70.1 2021 • Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 212.0 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.7 2021 • Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 21.3 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 168.7 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 27.5 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 64.3 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 107.1 2020 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 64.7 2020 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 67 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 44 2019 • Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.3 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 45.1 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 79.6 2021 • • Lower secondary completion rate (%) 45.1 2021 • Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 78.7 2021 • SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 48.5 2023 • -» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 71.9 2021 • -» Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 83.0 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 24.0 2021 • ^ SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 64.3 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 32.7 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 18.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eg/capita) 292.3 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 48.1 2020 • -> Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 17.5 2020 • CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtCCh/TWh) 2.3 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 10.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -4.7 2021 • Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 8.3 2018 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a 44.1 2021 mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) # Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 7.1 2023 • Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • • Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports 0.0 2018 (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports f, P 2018 (per 100,000 population) O.O Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) hhehimes Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 61.8 2022 34.6 2021 39.0 2021 2.4 2018 18.8 2022 0.1 2021 0.3 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 41.2 2020 2.2 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 52.9 2020 47.8 2019 58.9 2020 46.3 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.5 2019 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 1.7 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 2.9 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.5 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 12.9 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.5 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.1 2021 buij 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.7 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 404.0 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) herrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (hIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) himeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adeguately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate hax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 32.4 2022 40.6 2022 • 4- 17.0 2018 • * 11.5 2019 • • 3.9 2019 • * 0.0 2018 • • 51.4 2022 • ■» 49.1 2022 • ■» 0.85 2023 • 4- 0.4 2021 • ■» 0.2 2018 • • 12.4 2021 • • 48.9 2020 • • 53 2022 47.8 2022 • • 30 2022 26.4 2021 • • 0.0 2021 • • 53.0 2023 0.5 2021 • • 0.4 2021 • • 0.5 2021 • • 4.7 2021 NA NA • • 12.3 2020 4 2021 • • 60.0 2022 • 71 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 523 LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AHORDABLEAII] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 EMNLtfC GROWTH B \A UTE 14 BELOW WATER 100- 90- 80- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) SDG 16, SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG , 2 | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I in 1C PEACE. JUSTICE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Hole: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 -I-1-1-1-1-1-1- 55.3 524 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 43.6 2023 4 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 68.2 2023 4 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 30.7 2020 4 > 4- Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 32.9 2022 4 > ■» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.9 2021 4 Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 7.4 2016 4 > ■» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.1 2017 4 » 1» Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 1.6 2021 4 > ■» Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.9 2018 4 > + Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 1.2 2020 4 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 382.5 2020 4 > 71 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 25.9 2021 4 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 63.9 2021 4 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 184.5 2021 4 > ■» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.4 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 23.5 2019 4 > ■» Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 187.5 2019 4 i • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 28.4 2019 4 > 4- Life expectancy at birth (years) 65.0 2019 4 > ■» Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 101.3 2020 4 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 67.0 2020 4 # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 65 2021 4 > + Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 42 2019 4 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 3.7 2022 4 > + SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 35.5 2021 Net primary enrollment rate (%) 81.7 2021 4 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 40.0 2021 4 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 74.9 2021 4 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 48.8 2023 4 > ■» Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 67.3 2021 4 Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 74.2 2022 4 > * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.7 2021 4 > ■» SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 58.9 2020 4 > ■» Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 29.5 2020 4 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 32.3 2019 > • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 2.7 2020 4 > • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 223.0 2018 4 > • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 43.2 2020 4 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 14.8 2020 4 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 2.0 2019 4 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 1 1.0 2019 4 > + SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) -6.0 2021 4 Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) 14.4 2018 4 Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) 30.4 2021 Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) 6.6 2023 > * Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 4 Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.0 2018 4 Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 3.9 2018 4 » • Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 54.8 2022 20.2 2021 25.8 2021 2.1 2018 9.3 2022 0.0 2021 0.2 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.0 2020 2.0 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 61.7 2020 43.8 2019 69.6 2020 38.1 2022 0.4 2019 1.0 2019 1.3 2018 0.2 2018 1 1.3 2018 1.9 2018 0.1 2021 bUu 15 — uimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 0.3 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.1 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 28.1 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 31.2 2022 45.2 2022 17.3 2018 10.1 2019 3.5 2019 0.0 2018 39.2 2022 38.9 2022 0.87 2023 0.3 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 6.2 2021 ( r 43.5 2020 ( 54 2022 ( 44.7 2022 ( 01 27 2022 ( 0 Q 25.9 2021 ( c 0.0 2021 ( ltry 48.4 2023 ( Prol 0.4 2021 ( Files 0.4 2021 ( 0.4 2021 ( » • 5.0 2021 ( NA NA » • 11.6 2020 ( 0 2021 ( » • 55.3 2022 ( » 7\ mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 525 LOWER-MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15.. SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG " 11 SDG .. 2 J Lower- ' I middle-income > Countries SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 SDG , 3 ■ SDG 7 SDG 4 SDG 5 : SDG 6 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7ahoi0adieand CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B Q DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONDHC GROWTH B \k LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B g NustsnHMim I Hi 4=> 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID AND STRONG I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving SDG achieved On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members ■-• 73.8 Eastern Europe and Central Asia ■-• 91.1 Middle East and North Africa ■-• 94.5 Latin America and the Caribbean ■—• 96.2 East and South Asia ■-• 97.8 Sub-Saharan Africa ■— 98.3 Oceania ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0% 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 0 100 -I-1-1-1-1-1-1- 73.1 526 Sustainable Development Report 2023 tc.* Implementing the SDG Stimulus LOWER-MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 6.4 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 17.6 2023 • 71 SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 12.6 2020 • -» Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 27.8 2022 • -» Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 11.9 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 8.3 2016 -» Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 3.6 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 4.9 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 190.1 2020 • pt Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 19.3 2021 • Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 37.0 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 220.7 2021 • -» New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.2 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, 22.2 2019 diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 139.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.0 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 70.1 2019 • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 40.0 2020 • • Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 82.1 2020 • # Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 80 2021 • Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 58 2019 • 71 Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 4.5 2022 • SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 83.9 2021 • • Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.6 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 78.3 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 90.4 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 66.6 2023 • 71 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 86.6 2021 • * Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 49.7 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 17.9 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 88.6 2020 • Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 70.0 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 53.4 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 3.8 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 360.5 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 89.9 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 59.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.9 2019 • ^7 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 11.1 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -2.6 2021 • • 6.1 2018 • • 59.9 2021 • 1» 6.4 2023 • ^ Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 78.4 2022 • • 50.2 2021 62.9 2021 2.7 2018 34.5 2022 0.2 2021 0.5 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.9 2020 2.2 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 41.2 2020 63.4 2019 61.5 2020 68.9 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.4 2019 Electronic waste (kg/capita) 3.1 2019 Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 6.1 2018 SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 0.5 2018 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 18.0 2018 Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 2.6 2018 Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.2 2021 bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 1.9 2021 CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 0.2 2018 CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 1,272.3 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) Fish caught that are then discarded (%) Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 20.6 2022 40.1 2022 13.3 2018 12.8 2019 5.3 2019 0.0 2018 28.5 2022 28.3 2022 0.75 2023 0.2 2021 0.1 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.5 2021 • ; Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 5.1 2021 ( 0.0 2018 • ^ For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA » • 6.1 2018 • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 14.4 2020 ( Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 1 2021 ( » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 73.1 2022 » * 4.6 2021 4 > * r 57.5 2020 4 » • 66 2022 74.3 2022 4 » • 01 34 2022 4 0 Q 15.2 2021 4 » • c r+ 0.0 2021 4 > • < ■0 41.2 2023 4 > + 0 0.4 2021 4 2> + mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 527 UPPER-MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG REGIONAL SCORE WORLD AVERAGE: 66.7 SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 70- 60- 30- 10- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) 'Vo-se i ig _ t ted p-ogress I Achieved or on track SDG 15 / SDG h SD 13 SDG 12 \ si !G 16. SDG SDG 17 Ml 1 SDG .. 2 SI )G 11 SDG , 3 m Upper-middle-income &V Countries Vmm\ SDG 10 SDG 4 SDG 5 SDG 9 SDG " 7 1 POVERTY Itfftff 7AFFORDABLE AM] CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONMC GROWTH fit B \k LIFE 14 GELOW WATER B q GOOD HEALTH 0 AND WELL-BEING ■ B 9iaKim,i*najTO I ANDIfRASIRLETURE I in ■niucEi1 IU INEQUAiniES B *C PEACE.JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG iNsriTirnoNS B I Major challenges I Significant challenges M Challenges remain I SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Note: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable Information unavailable in RESPH9BLE It. cdnsumptidn jug production CO INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia Middle East and North Africa Upper-middle-income countries Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 100 73.8 91.1 94.5 95.6 96.2 97.8 98.3 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) I 10| * -i-i-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- 7i 68.2 528 Sustainable Development Report 2023 -m* Implementing the SDG Stimulus UPPER-MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES Regional Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 2.5 2023 Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 4.5 2023 • * SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 4.1 2020 Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 7.4 2022 Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 2.5 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 14.0 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 5.2 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 15.5 2020 SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) 38.6 2020 • Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 5.0 2021 Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) 9.9 2021 Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) 64.6 2021 • New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) 0.5 2021 Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) 16.6 2019 + Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) 76.0 2019 • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 17.3 2019 • Life expectancy at birth (years) 76.4 2019 Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 22.0 2020 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 99.0 2020 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 92 2021 Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) 78 2019 • * Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 5.9 2022 • * SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) 89.8 2021 • * Net primary enrollment rate (%) 96.0 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 95.4 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 99.4 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 87.4 2023 • * Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 95.1 2021 • Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 76.9 2022 • * Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 25.5 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 95.7 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 92.0 2020 Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 36.5 2019 • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 16.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 594.7 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 99.4 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 84.1 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.4 2019 Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 13.6 2019 SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 0.7 2021 3.3 2018 2021 • 1» 6.2 2023 • ^ Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value 87.0 75.3 95.4 Year RatingTrend 2022 • • 2021 • 1» 2021 3.3 2018 60.6 2022 0.5 1.7 2021 2020 SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 40.4 3.2 2020 2020 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 18.5 36.6 93.6 73.1 2020 2019 2020 2022 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) bUu 15 — Liimate Action CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in imports (BLTVcapita) CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 0.9 8.1 16.3 1.0 34.5 5.6 0.2 6.7 0.3 3,014.7 2019 2019 2018 2018 2018 2018 2021 2021 2018 2021 SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 23.2 2022 Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 54.4 2022 Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 27.1 2018 Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 36.2 2019 Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.0 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 22.0 21.3 0.77 0.1 2022 2022 2023 2021 0.7 2018 SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals 0.4 2021 • Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.5 2021 0.0 2018 • For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA 12.4 2018 • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 18.5 2020 ( • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 40 2021 ( » • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 68.2 2022 » 71 6.8 2021 « > * 29.0 2020 * > * 76 2022 * > * 96.5 2022 > • 01 40 2022 * > * O 5.7 2021 > • c r+ 0.3 2021 * > • < ■0 35.2 2023 * 0 0.6 2021 > + 2> 30 (% of adult population) Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) Seats held by women in national parliament (%) SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) Population with access to dean fuels and technology for cooking (%) CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) 2.7 2020 • 3.5 2022 • 0.9 2021 • 24.9 2016 • 2.4 2017 • 6.8 2021 • 0.7 2018 • 17.6 2020 • SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) Life expectancy at birth (years) Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) Lower secondary completion rate (%) Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 1 1.1 2020 • ^ 2.5 2021 • 1» 4.6 2021 • 1» 8.8 2021 • 1» 0.1 2021 • • 1 1.9 2019 • 1" 19.3 2019 • • 7.9 2019 • + 80.7 2019 • 1» 10.3 2020 • 1» 98.8 2020 • ^ 92 2021 • ^ 83 2019 • 1» 6.6 2022 • 1» 92.3 2021 • 1» 98.1 2021 • ^ 99.5 2021 • 1» 99.6 2021 • • 78.9 2023 • 1» 98.9 2021 • 1» 79.9 2022 • 1» 28.6 2021 • : 99.8 2020 • 1» 99.2 2020 • 1» 84.5 2019 • • 71.6 2020 • • 2,781.5 2018 • • 100.0 2020 • 1» 99.8 2020 • 1» 1.1 2019 • 1» 13.5 2019 • ^ -0.2 2021 • • 1.7 2018 • • 95.4 2021 • 1» 5.0 2023 • 1» 0.7 2021 • ^ 0.2 2018 • ^ 70.9 2018 • • jstry, Innovation and Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend 98.3 2022 • • 90.1 2021 • 1» 1 39.3 2021 • 1» 3.9 2018 • 1" 70.5 2022 • • 2.2 2021 • 1» 2.6 2020 • 1» SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 35.4 2020 • ^ 1.3 2020 • • SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (ug/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) Electronic waste (kg/capita) 0.0 2020 • * 14.0 2019 • * 99.0 2020 • * 60.8 2022 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 1.6 2019 • • 19.2 2019 • • 21.8 2018 • • 7.1 2018 • • 54.4 2018 • 23.8 2018 • 4.2 2021 • * du\j 15 — Hilmare Acriori CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCh/capita) 10.2 2021 • CO2 emissions embodied in imports (tC02/capita) 2.5 2018 • CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 4, 43.5 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 58.6 2022 • Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 72.6 2022 • * Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 33.5 2018 • Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 24.5 2019 • Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 8.9 2019 • * Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.5 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 59.0 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 58.5 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.86 2023 • -» Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.0 2021 • -» Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 3.8 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 2.6 2021 • Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 23.3 2020 • Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 75 2022 • * Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 99.9 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 68 2022 • Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 0.1 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 1.7 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 71.6 2023 • Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.6 2021 • a Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • -» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.7 2021 • -» SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 13.8 2021 • * For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) 0.4 2022 • a Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) NA NA • • Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 43 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 89.9 2022 • * mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 531 WORLD OVERALL PERFORMANCE AVERAGE PERFORMANCE BY SDG WORLD SCORE SDG DASHBOARDS AND TRENDS 100- 90-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10-0- STATUS OF SDG TARGETS (%) | Worsening | Limited progress I Achieved or on track SDG 15.. SDG 14 SDG 13 SDG '■ 12 SDG 16.. SDG 17 SDG 1 SDG " 11 SDG 2 World SDG ............................. SDG 10 SDG 8 SDG , 3 SDG 4 SDG 5 .-' SDG ■■' 6 1 ■ I POVERTY Mftt 7AHOI0ADIEAND CLEAN ENERGY O ZERO C HUNGER B 0 DECENT WORK AND 0 ECONOHC GROWTH B 1A LIFE 14 BELOW WATER B Q GOODHEALTH 0 ANB WELL-BEING ■ B Hi g NustsnHMim I IU INEQUALITIES ■w B 1C PEACE.JUSTICE ID ANDSTRONG INSTITUTIONS B I Major challenges H Significant challenges H Challenges remain H SDG achieved ^Decreasing ^Stagnating 71 Moderately improving ^ On track or maintaining SDG achievement Wore: The full title of each SDG is available here: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/sustainabledevelopmentgoals I Information unavailable nformation unavailable r INTERNATIONAL SPILLOVER INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) OECD members Eastern Europe and Central Asia World Middle East and North Africa Latin America and the Caribbean East and South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Oceania 100 - 73.8 - 91.1 - 93.7 - 94.5 - 96.2 - 97.8 - 98.3 ■• 99.8 STATISTICAL PERFORMANCE INDEX MISSING DATA IN SDG INDEX 0 (worst) to 100 (best) 100 1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1-1- ^ 0% -'-1 ^ 72.5 532 Sustainable Development Report 2023 t—* Implementing the SDG Stimulus WORLD Global Performance by Indicator SDG1 Value Year RatingTrend Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15/day (2017 PPR %) 7.5 2023 • Poverty headcount ratio at $3.65/day (2017 PPR %) 15.2 2023 • -» SDG2-Zero Hunger Prevalence of undernourishment (%) 9.6 2020 -» Prevalence of stunting in children under 5 years of age (%) 18.2 2022 • Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%) 6.8 2021 • Prevalence of obesity, BMI > 30 (% of adult population) 12.6 2016 Human Trophic Level (best 2-3 worst) 2.2 2017 Cereal yield (tonnes per hectare of harvested land) 4.4 2021 • * Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (best 0-1.41 worst) 0.7 2018 • Exports of hazardous pesticides (tonnes per million population) 10.6 2020 Infrastructure Rural population with access to all-season roads (%) Population using the internet (%) Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 population) Logistics Performance Index: Quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (worst 1-5 best) The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking: Average score of top 3 universities (worst 0-100 best) Articles published in academic journals (per 1,000 population) Expenditure on research and development (% of GDP) Value Year RatingTrend SDG3 - Good Health and Weil-Being Maternal mortality rate (per 100,000 live births) Neonatal mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000 live births) Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population) New HIV infections (per 1,000 uninfected population) Age-standardized death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, or chronic respiratory disease in adults aged 30-70 years (%) SDG10 - Reduced Inequalities Gini coefficient Palma ratio 131.5 2020 • ^ 12.7 2021 • 1» 25.8 2021 • 1» 134.6 2021 • ^ 0.2 2021 • 1» 19.0 2019 • 71 SDG11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities Proportion of urban population living in slums (%) Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) (pg/m3) Access to improved water source, piped (% of urban population) Satisfaction with public transport (%) 82.1 2022 4 t • 61.6 2021 4 > * 81.7 2021 4 > * 3.0 2018 4 46.1 2022 4 > • 0.6 2021 4 > * 1.2 2020 4 » 71 37.6 2020 4 > ■» 2.4 2020 4 i • 31.7 2020 4 > ■» 45.4 2019 4 77.5 2020 * > + 66.3 2022 4 » 71 SDG12 - Responsible Consumption and Production Age-standardized death rate attributable to household air pollution and 104.9 2019 Municipal solid waste (kg/capita/day) 0.8 2019 • • ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population) # Electronic waste (kg/capita) 7.1 2019 • • Traffic deaths (per 100,000 population) 16.7 2019 • Production-based SO2 emissions (kg/capita) 11.3 2018 • • Life expectancy at birth (years) 73.3 2019 • SO2 emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 1.6 2018 • • Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 females aged 15 to 19) 35.3 2020 Production-based nitrogen emissions (kg/capita) 28.7 2018 Births attended by skilled health personnel (%) 88.6 2020 • Nitrogen emissions embodied in imports (kg/capita) 6.9 2018 Surviving infants who received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%) 84 2021 • Exports of plastic waste (kg/capita) 0.8 2021 • * Universal health coverage (UHC) index of service coverage (worst 0-100 best) Subjective well-being (average ladder score, worst 0-10 best) 672019 • 7* ->L)Cii3 - Climate Actio 5.2 2022 • ^ SDG4 - Quality Education Participation rate in pre-primary organized learning 82.0 2021 • (% of children aged 4 to 6) Net primary enrollment rate (%) 94.3 2021 Lower secondary completion rate (%) 83.7 2021 Literacy rate (% of population aged 15 to 24) 92.5 2021 SDG5 - Gender Equality Demand for family planning satisfied by modern methods (% of females aged 15 to 49) 73.5 2023 • 71 Ratio of female-to-male mean years of education received (%) 89.6 2021 • 71 Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate (%) 65.4 2022 • Seats held by women in national parliament (%) 22.7 2021 • SDG6 - Clean Water and Sanitation Population using at least basic drinking water services (%) 89.9 2020 Population using at least basic sanitation services (%) 77.8 2020 • Freshwater withdrawal (% of available freshwater resources) 50.7 2019 • • Anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%) 18.0 2020 • • Scarce water consumption embodied in imports (m3 H2O eq/capita) 793.8 2018 • • SDG7 - Affordable and Clean Energy Population with access to electricity (%) 90.2 2020 Population with access to clean fuels and technology for cooking (%) 69.3 2020 CO2 emissions from fuel combustion per total electricity output (MtC02/TWh) 1.6 2019 • Renewable energy share in total final energy consumption (%) 12.3 2019 • SDG8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth Adjusted GDP growth (%) Victims of modern slavery (per 1,000 population) Adults with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (% of population aged 15 or over) Unemployment rate (% of total labor force, ages 15+) Fundamental labor rights are effectively guaranteed (worst 0-1 best) Fatal work-related accidents embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) Victims of modern slavery embodied in imports (per 100,000 population) -1.5 2021 • • 5.2 2018 • • 69.6 2021 • 1» 6.1 2023 • ^ 0.5 2021 • ^ 0.1 2018 • ^ 17.8 2018 • • CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production (tCCVcapita) 4.5 2021 • -» CO2 emissions embodied in imports (ttlGycapita) 0.6 2018 • -» CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita) 2,280.3 2021 • • SDG14 - Life Below Water Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%) 28.0 2022 • -» Ocean Health Index: Clean Waters score (worst 0-100 best) 50.4 2022 • -» Fish caught from overexploited or collapsed stocks (% of total catch) 21.3 2018 • -» Fish caught by trawling or dredging (%) 22.5 2019 • * Fish caught that are then discarded (%) 6.7 2019 Marine biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.1 2018 • • SDG15-Lifeon Land Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%) 32.0 2022 • -» Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%) 31.6 2022 • -» Red List Index of species survival (worst 0-1 best) 0.78 2023 • 4- Permanent deforestation (% of forest area, 3-year average) 0.2 2021 Terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity threats embodied in imports (per million population) 0.9 2018 • • SDG16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Homicides (per 100,000 population) 5.1 2021 Unsentenced detainees (% of prison population) 44.9 2020 » + Population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city/area where they live (%) 69 2022 Birth registrations with civil authority (% of children underage 5) 79.3 2022 • • Corruption Perceptions Index (worst 0-100 best) 41 2022 Children involved in child labor (% of population aged 5 to 14) 10.7 2021 • • Exports of major conventional weapons (TIV constant million USD per 100,000 population) 0.4 2021 • • Press Freedom Index (worst 0-100 best) 44.6 2023 » + Access to and affordability of justice (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • 71 Timeliness of administrative proceedings (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 • ■» Expropriations are lawful and adequately compensated (worst 0-1 best) 0.5 2021 » * SDG17 - Partnerships for the Goals Government spending on health and education (% of GDP) 7.2 2021 For high-income and all OECD DAC countries: International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% of GNI) NA NA • • Other countries: Government revenue excluding grants (% of GDP) 15.8 2020 Corporate Tax Haven Score (best 0-100 worst) 20 2021 • • Statistical Performance Index (worst 0-100 best) 72.5 2022 mputed data point Sustainable Development Report 2023 -—• Implementing the SDG Stimulus 533 71« SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT li REPORT2023 Implementing the SDG Stimulus The Sustainable Development Report features the SDG Index and Dashboards, the flagship tool for assessing country performance on the Sustainable Development Goals.The authors examine country performance on the SDGs for 193 countries using a wide array of indicators, calculate future trajectories, and present findings on government efforts to achieve the historic Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development. At the halfway mark to 2030, the Sustainable Development Report 2023 takes stock of progress made and discusses priorities to restore and accelerate SDG progress. Published on the eve of the 2023 Paris Summit for a New Global Financial Pact, this year's edition focuses specifically on the need to scale up development finance and to reform the global financial architecture to support the SDGs. The views expressed in this report do not reflect the views of any organization, agency or program of the United Nations. Want to learn more? An interactive online dashboard and all data used in this report can be accessed at: www.sdgtransformationcenter.org and www.sdgindex.org Global editions SUSTAINABLE ... DEVELOPMENT *• REPORT 2023 ' SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT I REPORT . SUSTAINABLE ;j DEVELOPMENT REPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 4.* REPORT Regional editions Subnational editions ' SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT . REPORT 1 1 Report •* 9ENIN ... SUSTAINABLE + • OEVELOFMEHT FtEPORT £022 at. £ urilTCD STATUS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT '•REPORT 2021 INFORME DE ■t DESARROLLO ,_, SDSTENIBLE KARA it PARAGUAY 2021 IN FOR ME SO DUE DESARROLLO ;* SOSTEMME DEL URUGUAY 2021 •at s— sn LOOcludadssBipaltolffi ATLAS MUNICIPAL DE LOS OEOETIVOSSlESSSäS EN BOLIVIA 2020 %...........tk. EUROPEAN CITIES A lU „ Jm 8_ W 8— f it ISBN ITfi-G-IDaSOD-lS-? DUBLIN UNIVERSITY PRESS / SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT . I I SOLUTIONS NETWORK VV* A GLOBAL INITIATIVE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS esn 9 "780903"200127l 9780903200127