Social Pathology and Prevention 1
Mgr. Lucia Drotárová, PhD.
Social Pathology and Prevention 1
Mgr. Lucia Drotárová, PhD.
Social Pathology and Prevention 1
Info
Course
Term
Winter 2024

Okruh Domácí násilí

1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)

  • DV (Domestic Violence) affects people of all ages and backgrounds.
  • IPV (Intimate Partner Violence) often includes physical, emotional, and financial abuse.
  • CPS (Child Protective Services) may intervene in cases where children are endangered by domestic violence.

 

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Domestic violence is a pattern of coercive behavior used to gain power and control over a partner.
  • The cycle of abuse includes phases of tension-building, an incident of abuse, reconciliation, and calm.
  • Survivors of domestic violence often experience long-term psychological effects, including PTSD and depression.
  • Shelters provide victims with temporary housing and access to legal and psychological support.
  • Economic abuse is a form of control where the victim is deprived of financial resources.

 

3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)

  • "I feel trapped; I can’t leave because I don’t have any money of my own."
  • "He says he didn’t mean to hurt me, but this isn’t the first time."
  • "She controls everything I do—who I see, where I go, even what I eat."
  • "The bruises are always in places where no one can see them."
  • "I don’t think I can go to the police—they won’t believe me."

 

 Okruh Drogy a látkové závislosti:

 

1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)

  • DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration) monitors the illegal distribution of controlled substances.
  • SUD (Substance Use Disorder) is a medical condition characterized by an inability to control substance use.
  • MAT (Medication-Assisted Treatment) is often used to treat opioid addiction.
  • AA (Alcoholics Anonymous) provides peer support for individuals recovering from alcoholism.
  • MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), commonly known as ecstasy, is classified as a Schedule I drug in the US.

 

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Addiction is a chronic disease affecting the brain's reward, motivation, and memory systems.
  • Harm reduction strategies, such as needle exchange programs, aim to minimize the risks associated with drug use.
  • Withdrawal symptoms can range from mild to severe, depending on the substance and level of dependency.
  • Psychoactive substances alter perception, mood, or consciousness.
  • Rehabilitation centers provide both inpatient and outpatient services for people recovering from substance abuse.

 

3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)

  • "I only use on weekends, but I’m starting to feel like I need it to relax."
  • "I’ve tried to quit cold turkey before, but the cravings are too strong."
  • "He says he’s clean, but I found syringes in his room."
  • "The pills make me feel like I can finally function, but I know I’m taking too many."
  • "I think she’s using again; she’s been acting really paranoid lately."

 

  

Okruh Nelátkové nelátkové závislosti

1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)

  • IAD (Internet Addiction Disorder) is becoming increasingly common among teenagers.
  • FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) is a major factor driving excessive use of social media.
  • IGD (Internet Gaming Disorder) is recognized as a mental health condition by the WHO.
  • CBT (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy) is often used to treat behavioral addictions.
  • DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) includes gambling disorder as a behavioral addiction.

 

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Behavioral addictions, such as shopping or gaming addiction, share similarities with substance use disorders.
  • Excessive screen time can lead to issues such as poor sleep, decreased productivity, and social isolation.
  • Loot boxes in online games are often criticized for promoting gambling behavior in minors.
  • Social media platforms are designed to maximize engagement, which can contribute to compulsive usage.
  • Therapy for behavioral addictions focuses on identifying triggers and developing healthier coping mechanisms.

 

3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)

  • "I just wanted to check my phone for a minute, but suddenly two hours are gone."
  • "I can't stop buying things online—it’s like a high when I hit 'add to cart.'"
  • "He plays video games all night and skips school—it's like he’s addicted."
  • "I keep scrolling through social media even though I know I should go to bed."
  • "I can’t go a day without checking notifications; I feel anxious without my phone."

 

 

Okruh Nelátkové závislosti

 

1. Zkratky (Anglické termíny a akronymy)

  • OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) is sometimes linked to kleptomania as a compulsive behavior.
  • GD (Gambling Disorder) is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to gamble despite negative consequences.
  • SA (Sex Addicts Anonymous) offers peer support for those struggling with sexual addiction.
  • WLB (Work-Life Balance) is often compromised in individuals suffering from workaholism.
  • DSM-5 classifies both gambling disorder and kleptomania as impulse-control disorders.

 

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Workaholism is often driven by a need for achievement or fear of failure and can lead to burnout.
  • Gambling addiction is reinforced by intermittent rewards, which strengthen the compulsive behavior.
  • Kleptomania is an impulse-control disorder characterized by repeated urges to steal items of little value.
  • Sexual addiction is marked by compulsive engagement in sexual behaviors despite harmful consequences.
  • Cognitive-behavioral therapy is frequently used to address impulse-control disorders such as gambling or kleptomania.

 

3. Hovorová angličtina (Co by mohl říci klient nebo kolega)

  • "I can’t stop working, even on weekends—I feel guilty when I take a break."
  • "I thought I could win back my losses, but I just keep losing more."
  • "I don’t even want the stuff I steal—it’s just the thrill of getting away with it."
  • "It’s like I’m trapped in a cycle of needing to watch porn or hook up—it’s ruining my relationships."
  • "I don’t have a gambling problem—I just like to play a few hands, but maybe it’s getting out of control."

 

  

okruh Látkové závislosti

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny (Anglické pojmy a akronymy)

  • THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the psychoactive component in marijuana and hashish.
  • LSD (Lysergic Acid Diethylamide) is a powerful hallucinogen often referred to as "acid."
  • MDMA (Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), also known as ecstasy, is popular in party scenes.
  • CNS (Central Nervous System) stimulants include cocaine and methamphetamine.
  • DMT (Dimethyltryptamine) is a naturally occurring psychedelic found in certain plants and animals.

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Marijuana and hashish are derived from the cannabis plant and have varying THC concentrations.
  • Cocaine is a stimulant drug that increases dopamine levels in the brain, leading to intense euphoria.
  • Methamphetamine, commonly known as crystal meth or "meth," is highly addictive and neurotoxic.
  • Heroin is an opioid derived from morphine, often associated with high overdose risk.
  • Psychedelics like LSD and "magic mushrooms" (psilocybin) alter perception and consciousness.
  • Synthetic drugs such as "krokodil" are known for their devastating physical effects, including severe tissue damage.

3. Hovorová angličtina (Neformální názvy a fráze)

  • "I just had a joint; it helps me relax." (marijuana)
  • "They offered me some acid at the festival." (LSD)
  • "He's been on coke all night—he’s so hyper." (cocaine)
  • "She’s hooked on smack; it’s really bad." (heroin)
  • "These shrooms made me see the craziest colors." (psilocybin mushrooms)
  • "That krokodil stuff is terrifying—it literally eats your skin." (synthetic desomorphine)
  • "He’s always rolling on molly at parties." (MDMA/ecstasy)
  • "I’m not sure what was in that pill, but it hit me like a truck."

Pojmy spojené s užíváním drog

  • Joint, blunt (marijuana cigarettes)
  • Snorting (cocaine)
  • Shooting up (heroin via injection)
  • Tripping (hallucinogens like LSD or mushrooms)
  • Rolling (MDMA/ecstasy)


 Okruh Šikana

Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • Bullying refers to repetitive aggressive behavior with the intention to harm.
  • Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place online through social media or messaging apps.
  • Bystander effect describes how witnesses often fail to intervene during bullying incidents.
  • Flaming is an online exchange of insults in public forums or social media.
  • Doxxing involves revealing personal information about someone online without their consent.

Odborná terminologie

  • Bullying typically involves repeated, intentional acts that exploit an imbalance of power.
  • Cyberbullying can include trolling, impersonation, exclusion, or spreading rumors online.
  • Common causes of bullying include a need for control, social dominance, or poor self-esteem.
  • Effective interventions include anti-bullying campaigns, teacher training, and creating a supportive classroom environment.

Hovorová angličtina

  • "He keeps texting me horrible things, and I can’t block him."
  • "She made a fake account just to embarrass me online."
  • "I don’t want to go to school—everyone’s talking about the photo he posted of me."
  • "They keep tagging me in memes that make fun of my weight."
  • "He’s always pushing me around in the hallway."
  • "She spread a rumor that I cheated on a test, and now no one talks to me."
  • "Why don’t the teachers ever do anything about him? He bullies everyone."
  • "I saw what they wrote about you in the group chat—it’s disgusting."
  • "He keeps giving me dirty looks and whispering behind my back."
  • "I’m scared to check my phone because there are always new hate messages."

 

 

Okruh Násilí na pracovišti

Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • Mobbing refers to group bullying aimed at an individual in the workplace.
  • Bossing is workplace harassment initiated by a superior.
  • HR (Human Resources) departments are responsible for managing workplace harassment reports.
  • Workplace violence includes physical, verbal, and psychological abuse.
  • Gaslighting in the workplace involves manipulation to make the victim question their reality.

Odborná terminologie

  • Mobbing involves collective harassment, such as exclusion, gossip, or undermining the victim’s work.
  • Bossing occurs when superiors use their authority to intimidate, demean, or isolate subordinates.
  • Risk factors for workplace violence include toxic organizational culture, poor leadership, and high stress levels.
  • Prevention measures include anti-harassment policies, mediation, and anonymous reporting systems.

Hovorová angličtina

  • "They keep ignoring my ideas in meetings, but then steal them and take credit." (mobbing)
  • "My boss keeps making sarcastic comments about my work—it’s so demoralizing." (bossing)
  • "I don’t feel safe here—people are always yelling or slamming things."
  • "She purposely gives me impossible deadlines to make me look bad."
  • "They keep spreading rumors that I’m lazy—it’s ruining my reputation." (mobbing)
  • "He watches everything I do, just waiting for me to make a mistake." (bossing)
  • "Nobody listens to me in the office—I feel invisible."
  • "My coworker deleted my files on purpose to sabotage me."
  • "He humiliated me in front of the whole team during a meeting." (bossing)
  • "I’m too scared to report it—what if they fire me?"

 

 

Okruh "Sociální aspekty agresivity a násilí ve společnosti. Extremismus, rasismus a xenofobie“

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • Hate speech refers to abusive or threatening speech targeting a group based on race, religion, or ethnicity.
  • RWE (Right-Wing Extremism) and LWE (Left-Wing Extremism) are forms of political extremism.
  • Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of people perceived as foreigners.
  • Racism involves prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism based on race or ethnicity.
  • NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) often play a key role in preventing hate crimes and extremism.

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Aggression can manifest as physical violence, verbal abuse, or psychological manipulation.
  • Extremism is characterized by rigid ideologies that justify violence against opposing groups.
  • Racism and xenophobia are rooted in stereotypes, social inequality, and historical injustices.
  • Hate crimes are criminal acts motivated by prejudice, often targeting minority groups.
  • Preventive strategies include education, promoting diversity, and enforcing anti-discrimination laws.

3. Hovorová angličtina

  • "They always say immigrants are stealing jobs—it’s just not true." (xenophobia)
  • "He keeps posting racist memes online, and no one calls him out."
  • "That group protests against everything—they’re so extreme."
  • "I overheard them making really offensive jokes about her accent." (racism)
  • "Why do they hate people just because they look different?"
  • "He punched the guy just because he was wearing a rival team’s jersey." (aggression)
  • "She says she’s scared of anyone who doesn’t speak her language." (xenophobia)
  • "You can’t just assume everyone from that country is a criminal."
  • "They vandalized the shop because the owner is from a different religion." (hate crime)
  • "I try to speak up when I hear racist comments, but it’s hard to change their minds."

Možnosti prevence (doplněk k terminologii a větám)

  • Encouraging dialogue and mutual understanding between different communities.
  • Educating young people about the dangers of stereotypes and discrimination.
  • Supporting victims of hate crimes through counseling and legal aid.
  • Promoting inclusive policies that address social inequality and marginalization.

 

Okruh Kriminalita a vandalismus. Kriminogenní faktory. Viktimologie, formy pomoci obětem trestné činnosti.

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • CPTED (Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design) is a strategy to reduce crime by designing safer spaces.
  • RE (Repeat Victimization) occurs when the same individual becomes a victim multiple times.
  • DV (Domestic Violence) and SV (Sexual Violence) are forms of crime with significant psychological impacts.
  • Criminogenic factors are environmental, social, or individual influences that contribute to criminal behavior.
  • NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) often provide support for victims of crime.

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Vandalism includes deliberate destruction or defacement of public or private property.
  • Kriminogenic factors include poverty, lack of education, peer influence, and substance abuse.
  • Viktimologie studies the relationship between victims and perpetrators, as well as societal responses to victimization.
  • Victim support programs offer counseling, legal advice, and financial compensation.
  • Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm by facilitating communication between offenders and victims.

3. Hovorová angličtina

  • "Someone smashed all the windows in the park last night." (vandalism)
  • "I’m scared to walk home after dark; there’s been a lot of muggings lately."
  • "They graffiti all over the walls, but nobody ever catches them."
  • "He says he only stole because he needed money to pay rent." (criminogenic factor)
  • "The neighborhood feels safer since they installed more lights and cameras." (CPTED)
  • "She’s still traumatized after the burglary—she doesn’t feel safe at home anymore."
  • "The police told me there’s not much they can do unless they catch him in the act."
  • "I got scammed online, and now I don’t trust anyone." (victimization)
  • "They keep breaking into cars around here; it’s getting out of control."
  • "The support group really helped me deal with what happened."

Možnosti prevence (doplněk k terminologii a větám)

  • Educating communities about crime prevention and reporting suspicious activities.
  • Designing safer public spaces through CPTED principles.
  • Providing victims with access to mental health support and legal aid.
  • Encouraging the use of restorative justice practices to repair harm and prevent reoffending.

Okruh  Nezaměstnanost a pojmy související se zaměstnáním

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • Unemployment rate is a key indicator of a country’s economic health.
  • FTE (Full-Time Equivalent) measures the workload of an employed person in terms of full-time hours.
  • Layoff is a temporary or permanent dismissal of employees, often due to economic reasons.
  • Underemployment refers to individuals working in positions that don’t match their skills or education.
  • Internship is a position for gaining work experience, typically for students or recent graduates.

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Voluntary unemployment occurs when individuals choose not to work, despite having job opportunities.
  • Involuntary unemployment is caused by layoffs or economic downturns.
  • Seasonal employment is temporary work dependent on specific times of the year (e.g., agriculture or tourism).
  • Part-time employment refers to working fewer hours than a full-time position.

3. Hovorová angličtina

  • "I got fired last week—they said the company is downsizing." (layoff)
  • "She’s just an intern, so she doesn’t get paid much."
  • "He’s looking for part-time work while he finishes school."
  • "The job market is terrible right now—I can’t find anything."
  • "They let me go, but they didn’t really give me a reason." (terminated)
  • "I’m overqualified for this position, but I need the money." (underemployment)
  • "She only works on weekends because it’s a seasonal job."


 

Okruh: Chudoba a bezdomovectví

1. Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • ALICE (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed) refers to households with income above the poverty line but below basic living costs.
  • DINK (Dual Income, No Kids) describes couples with two incomes and no children, often financially stable but choosing not to expand their family.
  • FPL (Federal Poverty Line) is the income level used to determine eligibility for government assistance programs.
  • SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) provides food benefits to low-income households.
  • HUD (Housing and Urban Development) focuses on affordable housing and homelessness prevention.

2. Odborná terminologie

  • Absolute poverty is the inability to meet basic needs such as food, water, and shelter.
  • Relative poverty occurs when an individual’s income is significantly lower than the average in their society.
  • Chronic homelessness is defined as long-term or repeated homelessness, often involving disabilities.
  • Affordable housing initiatives aim to provide housing within the financial reach of low-income families.

3. Hovorová angličtina

  • "We don’t qualify for food stamps, but we can barely pay the bills." (ALICE)
  • "They sleep in their car because they can’t afford rent." (homelessness)
  • "She says they’re DINKs because kids are too expensive these days."
  • "The rent keeps going up, but my paycheck stays the same." (housing insecurity)
  • "I never thought we’d need a food bank, but here we are."
  • "They kicked us out because we couldn’t pay the rent on time."
  • "He’s been on the streets for years; he says there’s no way out."


 

Okruh: Nezaměstnanost a pojmy související se zaměstnáním

1. Acronyms and Technical Terms

  • WFH (Work From Home) refers to employees performing their job duties from their residence.
  • Remote work is a style of work that allows professionals to operate outside traditional office settings.
  • Telecommuting is another term for remote work, often involving communication via the internet.
  • Gig economy describes a labor market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work.
  • Shut-in refers to a person who isolates themselves at home, avoiding social contact, often due to physical or psychological issues.

2. Technical Terminology

  • Flexible working hours allow employees to choose their working time within agreed limits.
  • Freelancing involves working for different companies at various times rather than being permanently employed by one organization.
  • Isolation can be a downside of working from home, affecting mental health.
  • Digital nomads are individuals who use telecommunications technologies to earn a living and lead a nomadic lifestyle.

3. Colloquial English

  • "Since the pandemic, I've been working from home full-time." (working from home)
  • "She loves the freedom of remote work; she can travel and still get her job done." (remote work)
  • "I prefer telecommuting because it saves me time on commuting." (telecommuting)
  • "He's part of the gig economy—doing freelance graphic design gigs." (gig economy)
  • "After losing his job, he became a shut-in and rarely leaves his apartment." (shut-in)
  • "Working from home is great, but sometimes I miss the social aspect of the office."
  • "She's a digital nomad, hopping from country to country while working online." (digital nomad)
  • "I feel like a shut-in these days; I haven't seen friends in weeks."
  • "The flexibility of freelancing suits me, but the lack of steady income is tough." (freelancing)
  • "They offer flexible working hours, which is perfect for my schedule."

 


 

Okruh Chudoba a bezdomovectví

1. Acronyms and Technical Terms

  • Shelter refers to temporary housing provided to individuals experiencing homelessness.
  • Salvation Army is a global organization offering social services, including shelters and rehabilitation programs for the homeless.
  • UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees) provides protection and support to displaced persons and asylum seekers.
  • Charity encompasses organizations that provide aid to those in need, often focusing on housing, food, and financial assistance.
  • Transitional housing offers a temporary solution for individuals transitioning out of homelessness.
  • Permanent supportive housing (PSH) combines affordable housing with support services for individuals with disabilities or chronic homelessness.
  • Asylum is legal protection granted to individuals fleeing persecution in their home countries.

 

2. Technical Terminology

  • Homeless shelter provides immediate short-term housing, often combined with food and basic services.
  • Soup kitchen offers free meals to individuals experiencing food insecurity.
  • Day center is a facility where homeless individuals can access services such as showers, internet, and job counseling during the day.
  • Resettlement programs help asylum seekers and refugees integrate into a new society, often involving housing support.
  • Emergency housing is provided in crisis situations, such as natural disasters or sudden displacement.

 

3. Key Organizations and Initiatives

  • The Salvation Army: Operates shelters, rehabilitation centers, and social services worldwide.
  • Habitat for Humanity: Focuses on building affordable housing for low-income families.
  • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP): Addresses poverty and inequality, often through housing and social inclusion initiatives.
  • Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders): While primarily medical, they often assist homeless individuals in crisis areas.
  • Caritas Internationalis: A global Catholic organization focusing on aid, including services for the homeless and displaced.
  • UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees): Provides shelters and legal aid for refugees and asylum seekers.

 

4. Colloquial English

  • "I stayed at the shelter last night; they gave me a bed and some food." (shelter)
  • "She went to the Salvation Army for help after losing her home." (Salvation Army)
  • "The soup kitchen is open daily, and they serve hot meals to anyone in need." (soup kitchen)
  • "He’s applying for asylum because it’s not safe for him to return to his home country." (asylum)
  • "They offered her transitional housing while she looked for a permanent place." (transitional housing)
  • "The charity helped us pay our rent this month so we wouldn’t get evicted." (charity)
  • "I didn’t know where to turn, but the day center helped me find resources." (day center)
  • "They’ve been living in a tent city outside of town since losing their apartment." (homelessness)
  • "Permanent supportive housing has really helped him stay off the streets." (PSH)
  • "The UNHCR gave us blankets and set up a temporary shelter after the flood." (UNHCR)

 

 

Okruh Prostituce a obchod s lidmi:

1. Acronyms and Technical Terms

  • HT (Human Trafficking) refers to the illegal trade of people for exploitation, including forced labor and sexual slavery.
  • CSEC (Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children) involves the abuse of children for financial gain through prostitution or pornography.
  • ILO (International Labour Organization) estimates that millions are victims of forced labor and human trafficking worldwide.
  • Trafficker is someone who recruits, transports, or exploits individuals for profit.
  • Pimp is a term for someone who controls or profits from the prostitution of others.

2. Technical Terminology

  • Sex work involves consensual adult participation in the exchange of sexual services for money or goods.
  • Exploitation in human trafficking includes forced labor, sexual exploitation, and organ trafficking.
  • Coercion refers to the use of threats, violence, or manipulation to control someone.
  • Survival sex is when individuals engage in prostitution to meet basic needs like food or shelter.
  • Debt bondage is a form of exploitation where individuals are forced to work to repay a debt.

3. Key Organizations and Initiatives

  • Polaris Project: A U.S.-based organization that runs the National Human Trafficking Hotline and provides support to victims.
  • International Justice Mission (IJM): A global organization fighting human trafficking and modern slavery.
  • Blue Heart Campaign: A United Nations initiative raising awareness about human trafficking.
  • ECPAT International: Focuses on ending child prostitution and sexual exploitation.
  • La Strada International: A European NGO network working against trafficking in human beings.

4. Colloquial English

  • "She was forced into prostitution after being promised a job abroad." (trafficking)
  • "He said he’d help her find work, but instead, he kept her passport and forced her to work in a brothel." (coercion)
  • "A pimp controls all the money she makes and decides who she sees." (pimp)
  • "Many traffickers target vulnerable people, like those fleeing war or poverty." (trafficking)
  • "She felt she had no choice but to engage in survival sex to feed her kids." (survival sex)
  • "They found a safe house where she could stay after escaping her traffickers." (victim support)
  • "Debt bondage kept him working in terrible conditions to repay an impossible loan." (debt bondage)
  • "She didn’t realize she was being trafficked until it was too late."
  • "The hotline helped her escape and connected her with legal assistance." (support services)
  • "The traffickers move people across borders using fake documents." (trafficking)

5. Prevention and Victim Support

  • Educating vulnerable communities about the risks of trafficking and exploitation.
  • Strengthening laws and international cooperation to combat trafficking networks.
  • Providing safe houses and rehabilitation programs for survivors.
  • Offering legal aid and counseling to help victims rebuild their lives.

Hovorová angličtina – prostituce a obchod s lidmi

Termíny pro klienty prostitutek

  • John: Častý termín pro klienta prostitutky v USA.
    • "She said her John paid her double last night."
  • Trick: Klient, ale také označení samotného aktu poskytované služby.
    • "She’s out there turning tricks to make ends meet."
  • Date: Používá se jako eufemismus, zejména v prostředí online seznamování.
    • "He’s just another date; I don’t trust any of them."
  • Punters (UK): Termín používaný v Británii pro klienty prostitutek.
    • "The punters usually hang around that alley after dark."

Termíny pro prostitutky

  • Hooker: Běžně používaný, ale často pejorativní.
    • "He called her a hooker and left without paying."
  • Escort: Eufemismus používaný pro luxusní prostitutky.
    • "She works as an escort and earns way more than I do."
  • Streetwalker: Označení pro prostitutky pracující venku na ulici.
    • "She used to be a streetwalker, but now she has a regular client."
  • Working girl: Používáno méně hanlivě mezi komunitami.
    • "The working girls on this block stick together for safety."
  • Call girl: Prostituka, která pracuje na objednávku, často přes telefon nebo online.
    • "She’s not just any call girl; her rates are sky-high."


 

Okruh: Obchod s lidmi pro nucenou práci

Zkratky a odborné termíny

  • Modern slavery refers to the exploitation of individuals through forced labor, debt bondage, or human trafficking.
  • Debt bondage is when victims are forced to work to repay a debt, often with impossible repayment terms.
  • Forced labor describes situations where individuals are coerced into work under threat or without pay.
  • Exploitation includes both sexual exploitation and forced labor, as seen in agriculture, manufacturing, or domestic servitude.

Technická terminologie

  • Labor exploitation in industries like farming or car washes often involves long hours, unsafe conditions, and withheld wages.
  • Human smuggling differs from trafficking, as it focuses on illegal transportation, though it often leads to exploitation.
  • Coercion and control are key tools traffickers use, such as confiscating passports or using threats of deportation.
  • Exploitation of vulnerability involves targeting individuals who lack social or legal protection, such as migrants.

Hovorová angličtina

  • "He thought he was getting a legitimate job, but they took his passport and made him a slave." (forced labor)
  • "They promised her a nanny job, but she ended up cleaning houses 16 hours a day for no pay." (domestic servitude)
  • "The workers at that farm don’t even get bathroom breaks—it’s modern slavery." (labor exploitation)
  • "He’s stuck washing cars because he doesn’t have papers and is afraid to go to the police." (car wash slavery)
  • "They’re paid pennies and live in terrible conditions, but they can’t leave."
  • "They told her she owed them for the trip, and now she’s trapped in debt bondage." (debt bondage)
  • "The traffickers preyed on him because he didn’t speak the language and had nowhere else to go." (vulnerability exploitation)
  • "She’s terrified because they said they’d hurt her family if she tried to run."

Prevention and Support for Victims

  • Raising awareness about the dangers of modern slavery and human trafficking.
  • Providing safe housing and legal assistance to victims.
  • Promoting international cooperation to identify and combat traffickers.
  • Offering reintegration programs for victims, including language training and job counseling.

 

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