The presented article aims to present the contemporary situation of social assistance in the problem of foster families in the Czech Republic. This situation contributes to the emergence of dilemmas, which are based on completely new professional issues in the system of supporting families and children living outside the family home. Children should have the opportunity to shape and develop their personality, but this process can be disrupted in their family home. The presented dilemmas may be a threat to children or a chance for a good start in adult life.