The aim of our research was to clarify the relationship of Czech adolescents to the value of health and identify the main determinants of its formation and changes, specifically focused on the impact of family structure and educational environment. The research was carried out via the technique of a survey amongst students of selected secondary schools and high-schools in the regions of Zlín and Olomouc. The investigation was attended by a total of 855 respondents. Age rank of respondents was 15–20 years. The data was obtained by questionnaire included closed and semi-opened questions structured into three thematic areas. The research pointed out the great importance of health within the value orientation of Czech youth. The value of health was of most importance to circa 83 % of high-school attendees. The results show the considerable impact of social background, especially family's attitudes toward health to the individual perception of health and disease held by adolescents in the Czech Republic.