Czech schools in Croatia have existed for almost a hundred years and still belong to the main pillars of Czech national identity in Croatia. The important element of the development of Czech schools in former Yugoslavia and subsequently in Croatia is its role in the process of resisting of the assimilation of the Czech minority in Daruvar region, which is the requirement to maintain the existence of the Czech compatriotic identity. The paper discusses the socio-political circumstances of beginning of the Czech education in Croatia. The authors will reflect both the problems the compatriots have faced when founding schools, including the reluctance of Yugoslav authorities, and the support activities from the side of the Czechoslovak Republic, which sent Czech teachers to Slavonia, all based in historical research of archival sources. Thanks to the effort of compatriots, the foundations of the institution of Czech education were laid at the beginning of the 1920s, while it now has a good reputation not only among the members of the Czech minority, but also in the major population of Croatia.