Pseudo-Newtonian gravitational potential describing the gravitational field of static and spherically symmetric black holes in the universe with a repulsive cosmological constant is introduced. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the pseudo-Newtonianapproach, the related effective potential for test-particle motion is constructed and compared with its general relativistic counterpart given by the Schwarzschild-de~Sitter geometry. The results indicate that such an approach could be useful in applications of developed Newtonian theories of accretion discs in astrophysically interesting situations in large galactic structures for the Schwarzschild-de~Sitter spacetimes with the cosmological parameter $y=(1/3)Lambda M^2leq10^{-6}$.