The paper deals with the application of the constitutional principle of the division of power at the level of municipal self-government in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic. The author examines the implementation of this principle in terms of the creation of municipal bodies, their scope, mutual relations between them, as well as the termination of their mandate. He points out the features and contexts that are common, but especially different for the municipalities in both countries, noting their positive aspects, but also the negatives that they bring with them. In relation to the Slovak municipal self-government, the author suggests possible legislative solutions to existing problems.