The paper contains an analysis and comparison of financial benefits during maternity and parental leave in the V4 countries. As an illustration, the chosen topic is processed in a form of individual diagrams of social security schemes for every V4 country. The diagrams represent an overview containing and focusing specifically on the birth grant, maternity, parental and paternity benefits. The aim of the paper is to present and compare the differences in the structure of social security schemes with the focus on the mentioned benefits, as well as their amount in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary. The chosen methods used in the paper are description, analysis, and comparison. Both literature and the legislation of V4 countries were used to obtain the data and information used in the paper. The results of the analysis and the comparison shall contribute not only to the experts but also to the general public.