The article argues with the conviction of many (mainly) Czechs about the marginal importance of Silesia in the history of the Czech state, often resulting from the ahistorical limitation of this region to the so-called Czech Silesia, that is the part of it that remained with the Bohemian Crown after the First Silesian War. The constitutive importance of the country on the Oder for the transformations of Czech statehood in the 14th-17th centuries was emphasized.