ABSTRACT The aim of this review article is to identify the main barriers to childhood vaccination against pneumococcal disease and to consider key factors influencing parental attitudes towards vaccination in general. The review article was based on data obtained from international multidisciplinary licensed electronic databases. Included research results were retrieved from the full-text electronic databases Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Science Direct from 2017–2022. Key term strings with Boolean operators (AND) were used for the search. From the original 82 studies, 73 studies were excluded. Only nine studies were eligible for content analysis which specifically addressed the factors influencing parents' attitude to vaccination.