The topic of this article is paternity leave in the Czech Republic and Poland. The aim of the article is to compare the paternity postnatal care benefits in the Czech Republic and Poland. The article is structured into several parts. In the introductory part, it introduces the reader to the authors' literature searches related to the topic of paternity leave, especially the socio-economic context, which relates to gender issues and the position of the contemporary family in society, in an international context. The following section presents the methodology of the article, followed by a description of the legislative anchoring of paternity leave in the Czech Republic and Poland. The description mainly uses the legislative documents of the two selected countries. In the next section, a comparison of paternity postnatal care benefits in the Czech Republic and Poland is presented. The subject of the comparative examination is basic information on the amount of the benefits, the length of paternity leave, fathers' active approaches to paternity leave and the financial costs of the two selected countries in the social security system. Finally, the results of the comparative analysis are summarized and the possibilities of the development of paternity leave are predicted.