The paper contains an analysis and comparison of financial benefits during maternity and parenthood Czech Republic and Slovakia. As an illustration, the chosen topic is processed in a form of individual diagrams of social security schemes for Czech Republic and Slovakia. The article specifically focuses on maternity benefit, parental allowance, paternity benefit, pregnancy benefit or birth grant. The aim of the paper is to present and compare the differences in the structure of social security schemes with the focus on the mentioned benefits, as well as their amount in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The chosen methods used in the paper are description, analysis, and comparison. Both literature and the legislation of Czech Republic and Slovakia were used to obtain the data and information used in the paper. The results of the analysis and the comparison shall contribute not only to the experts but also to the general public.