One of the most relevant topics that in today's changing society is the issue of the middle-income trap. From this point of view, small and medium-sized enterprises from a regional point of view are considered one of the key factors for the development of the economy in all modern states, with regard to new sources of innovation, jobs and the driving force for the economy. Among other things, these factors lead to the development of the economy at the regional level. In the last few years, regions in the Czech Republic have become increasingly active actors influencing the dynamics of regional development considering the promotion of the model of multi-level governance together with the principle of subsidiarity in the European Union, which presumes cooperation of all levels of public administration in order to prevent face many different problems more efficiently. The presented text aims to analyse the current role of the Moravian-Silesian Region and its possibilities to influence the current situation and to evaluate whether the regions in the Czech Republic have sufficient tools in order to prevent the Middle-income trap problem