FPF:UFAF004 Atomic and nuclear physics - Course Information

UFAF004 Atomic and nuclear physics

Extent and Intensity

4/2/0. 8 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).

Teacher(s)

doc. Ing. Petr Habrman, CSc. (lecturer)
doc. Ing. Petr Habrman, CSc. (seminar tutor)
RNDr. Josef Juráň, Ph.D. (seminar tutor)

Guaranteed by

doc. Ing. Petr Habrman, CSc.
Centrum interdisciplinárních studií – Faculty of Philosophy and Science in Opava

Timetable

Tue 9:45–11:20 B1, Wed 9:45–11:20 B1

• Timetable of Seminar Groups:

UFAF004/A: Wed 8:05–9:40 B1, P. Habrman, J. Juráň

Prerequisites (in Czech)

( UFAF001 Mechanics and molecular physic || UF01000 Mechanics and molecular physic ) && ( UFAF002 Electricity and Magnetism || UF01100 Electricity and Magnetism )

Course Enrolment Limitations

The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.

fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with

• Astrophysics (programme FPF, B1701 Fyz)

Course objectives

On successful completion of this course, students will: - acquire knowledge and understanding about the electronic and nuclear structure of atoms, - be able to solve problems related to the structure of atoms, radioactivity, interaction of radiation with matter, nuclear fission etc., - have an appreciation of the influence of atomic and nuclear physics on modern scientific development. The course also forms the necessary prerequisite for studying quantum physics, particle physics etc.

Syllabus

• From atoms to nanotechnology. Manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale. Mass spectrometry.
  Blackbody radiation and the quantization of energy. Stefan-Boltzmann, Wien and Planck's Laws.
  Wave-particle duality. Particle nature of radiation, photons. Photoelectric effect, Compton effect. DeBroglie hypothesis. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.
  Rutherford's scattering experiment. Planetary model of the atom. Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom. Quantization of angular momentum, Bohr energies, Sommerfeld's generalization.
  Introduction to quantum mechanics. Wave function and wave equation. Postulates of quantum mechanics. Schrödinger equation, observables and operators. Boundary conditions at a potential step, bound states in a finite well, reflection and transmission by a finite step, and by a barrier, tunnelling. Hydrogen atom: energy levels, size and shape of energy eigenfunctions.
  Poly-electron atoms. Pauli exclusion principle. Electron shell structure of atoms. Periodic table of elements.
  Normal and an anomalous Zeeman effect. Paschen-Back effect. Stern-Gerlach experiment. Franck-Hertz experiment.
  X-ray. Nature, production and uses of the X-radiation. Characteristic X-ray emission. Bremsstrahlung. Moseley's Law. Auger effect. X-ray interactions with matter. X-ray computed tomography.
  Nature and uses of laser. Stimulated emission. Gain medium and cavity. Types and operating principles.
  Atomic nucleus. Radius of the nucleus. Electric and magnetic moments of nuclear structures. Nuclear binding energy and nuclear force. Liquid drop model. Nuclear shell model. Statistical model. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.
  Nuclear reactions. Notable types. Energy conservation. Q-value and energy balance. Direct reactions. Compound nuclear reactions. Reactions with neutrons. Cross section.
  Nuclear fission. Mechanism. Energetics. Origin of the active energy and the curve of binding energy. Fission reactors. Thermonuclear fusion. Astrophysical reaction chains. Lawson criterion.
  Decay of radioactive nuclide. Alpha decay. Geiger Nuttall law. Barrier penetration. Beta decay. Weak force. Electron, positron emission. Electron capture. Energy release. Beta emission spectrum. Neutrinos in beta decay. Exponential decay. Serial radioactive decay.
  Interaction of heavy charged particles with matter. Energy-loss mechanism. Bethe formula for stopping power. Range. Interaction of electrons with matter. Energy-loss mechanism. Collisional stopping power. Radiation yield. Range. Photons interaction mechanisms. Photoelectric effect. Compton effect. Pair production. Photonuclear reaction. Attenuation coefficients. Energy transfer.
  Particle accelerators. Circular accelerators. Betatron: betatron envelopes, equation of motion. Cyclotron. Synchrotron. Linear particle accelerators. Colliders.
  

Literature

required literature
• Atomová a jaderná fyzika. Elektronická sbírka příkladů. SU Opava, 2005. info
• LILLEY J. S. Nuclear Physics. Principles and Applications. John Wiley Chichester, 2005. ISBN 0-471-97936-8. info
• HALLIDAY D., RESNICK R., WALKER J. Fyzika. Část 4 a 5. VUTIUM Brno, 2000. ISBN 80-214-1868-0. info

recommended literature
• TURNER J. E. Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection. John Wiley New York, 2007. ISBN 978-3-527-40606-7. info
• WILSON E. J. N. An Introduction to Particle Accelerators. Oxford University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-19-850829-8. info
• ÚLEHLA I., SUK M., TRKA Z. Atomy, jádra, částice. Academia Praha, 1990. ISBN 80-200-0135-2. info

Teaching methods

Interactive lecture
Lecture supplemented with a discussion

Assessment methods

The analysis of student 's performance
Credit

Language of instruction

Czech

Further comments (probably available only in Czech)

Study Materials
The course can also be completed outside the examination period.

Teacher's information

Course credit
- attendance in seminars is mandatory
- two written intrasemester tests and solved credit problems in the extent of the content of seminars (success rate 70 %)
Exam
- written test (solving problems) and oral.

• Enrolment Statistics (Summer 2020, recent)
  
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