APZPAT41 Physical Methods of Measuring of Environmental Quantities I

Institute of physics in Opava
summer 2022
Extent and Intensity
2/0/0. 5 credit(s). Type of Completion: zk (examination).
Teacher(s)
RNDr. Daniel Charbulák, Ph.D. (lecturer)
Ing. Miroslav Vala, CSc. (lecturer)
Guaranteed by
RNDr. Daniel Charbulák, Ph.D.
Institute of physics in Opava
Prerequisites
(FAKULTA(FU) && TYP_STUDIA(B))
Successful completion of the course "Sensors and measurement of physical quantities"
Course Enrolment Limitations
The course is also offered to the students of the fields other than those the course is directly associated with.
fields of study / plans the course is directly associated with
Course objectives
The course will provide students with basic physical knowledge in the field of physical quantities determining the environment and measuring methods and principles of measurement applicable to their measurement. This part I includes physical theory, physical methods and measurement principles that are relevant to the measurement of noise, vibration and vibration. Emphasis is placed on the physical nature of the problem and the application of physical theory in the field of measurement of noise, vibration and vibration and on the harmful effects of this effect on mechanical systems and biological objects and physical principles of protection.
Learning outcomes
After completing the course, the student will be able to: - define physical quantities describing various types of oscillations and waves, their unit and the method of its measurement - describe different types of oscillations and waves from different points of view - explain the phenomena associated with wave propagation - describe quantities associated with the effect of sound on human hearing and the method of their measurement - explain the operation of noise measuring devices, know the standards for noise in different environments - define quantities and phenomena describing mechanical vibrations and their transmission - explain the operation of instruments for measuring vibrations - describe methods of frequency analysis
Syllabus
  • 1. Basics of the theory of oscillations and waves. Origin of oscillating motion, its kinematics and energy. Damped, undamped and forced oscillations. Composition and decomposition of oscillations, shocks, harmonic oscillations. Transverse and longitudinal gradual waves, standing waves. Spatial waves. Basic relations in wave fields. Wavefronts, wave equation, Huychens principle, velocity of space waves. Energy transmitted by waves, intensity of waves, sound field, reflection and refraction of waves, interference and bending of space waves, Doppler principle.

  • 2. Basics of room acoustics. Sound field in closed spaces from the point of view of wave theory, sound energy density. Sound reflection from flat and rounded surfaces. Reverberation and reverberation time, echo.

  • 3. Physiological acoustics. Structure and activity of the auditory organ, area and threshold of audibility, directional hearing. Basic acoustic quantities, frequency, intensity level and sound pressure level, subjective volume, distortion. Effect of noise on hearing and human body and biological objects and physical principles of noise protection.

  • 4. Measurement of basic acoustic quantities. Sound pressure measurement. Measurement of sound pressure in acoustic fields. Measuring microphones. Principles and basic characteristics of microphones for measuring sound pressure.

  • 5. Measurement and evaluation of environmental noise. Instrumentation for measuring sound and noise. Sound level meters, bandpass filters and spectrum analyzers. Noise dosimeters. Measurement of noise and noise of machines and industrial equipment, motor vehicles and transport, measurement of air traffic noise. Noise pollution of the population in the living and working environment, noise maps.

  • 6. Vibrations. Mechanical vibration and vibration of solids and mechanical systems. Time courses of vibrations, deterministic and random vibrations, transmission of vibrations to mechanical systems, transmission of vibrations to humans, method and place of transmission of vibrations, vibrations transmitted in a special way. Resonance phenomena. Effects of vibrations and vibrations on mechanical systems and biological objects.

  • 7. Measurement of vibrations. Measurement of deflection, speed and acceleration. Accelerometer measurement, accelerometer basic characteristics, electrical spare circuit. Electromechanical and piezoelectric accelerometers and their specifics. Principles for measuring with accelerometers. Pulse measuring methods. Instrumentation for measuring and recording vibrations. Methods of diagnostic signal processing. Measurement and evaluation of signal spectra. FFT algorithm and its properties, frequency range of analysis, antialiasing filtering, power spectral density measurement, averaging of spectra. Digital signal processing A / D converters and digital filtering. Interpretation of FFT spectra and IFFT transformations.

Literature
    required literature
  • Vala M.: Fyzikální metody a principy měření veličin I. Opava, 2008.
  • Vala M.: Fyzikální metody a principy měření veličin II. Opava, 2008.
  • Svačina, J.: Elektromagnetická kompatibilita. Brno, 2001.
    recommended literature
  • Main I. G.: Kmity a vlny ve fyzice. Academia, Praha, 1990.
  • König H.: Neviditelná hrozba?. Praha, 2002. ISBN 80-86167-15-1.
Teaching methods
Lectures Discussion Demonstrations, projections Individual consultations
Assessment methods
Participation in exercises min. 75%, elaboration of the assigned seminar work.
Language of instruction
Czech
Follow-Up Courses
Further Comments
The course is taught annually.
The course is taught: every week.
The course is also listed under the following terms summer 2021, summer 2023, summer 2024.
  • Enrolment Statistics (summer 2022, recent)
  • Permalink: https://is.slu.cz/course/fu/summer2022/APZPAT41