The subject matter of this research deals with children at the age of compulsory school attendance (6 to 15 years) and teenagers (under 18) in the Czech lands. The time range of 1948-1970 represents a time of fundamental changes in the structure of children’s organisations in Czechoslovakia and changes in educational policy. Unlike for university students, Czech historiography completely lacks any comprehensive research of the younger generation; this book shows to examine children and youth mainly in the following framework: the young generation between the family and the State, extracurricular education and leisure time, media environment, social care and protection of children and youth, and use of the motif of youth and childhood by the regime. The research is anchored in the concept of cultural and social history.