Vaccination is highly valued by the professional and lay public as part of all preventive measures against infectious diseases. The role of the nurse in the process of preparing the child for vaccination and educating the parents themselves before vaccinating their child is crucial to ensure a smooth vaccination process and the elimination of post-vaccination complications. The aim of this paper is to summarize the current mandatory and optional vaccination of children in the Czech Republic and to summarize the basic points in the education of parents for the preparation of their infant for the first vaccination. The subject of the article is preparation for vaccination of physiological, healthy infants born between 38 and 42 weeks of gestation.