The aim of this paper is to evaluate the profitability and the expense ratio of the insurance business conducted by commercial insurance companies operating in the Czech insurance market during the period of 2004-2019. The evaluation shall apply computations such as the return on assets (ROA), the ratio of underwriting profit to assets (UPA) and the expense ratio indicator (ER). Calculations shall be performed for non-life insurance. The value of the UPA indicator was stable during the whole period. By contrast, the ROA indicator fluctuated from 2004 to 2011. The ROA indicator stabilized between 2012 and 2017 and then between 2017 and 2019 ROA grew significantly. The value of both of these indicators (ROA, UPA) decreased from 2015 to 2017 and increased from 2017-2018. The operating expense ratio of insurance operations (ER) showed a growth tendency. Comparing the average values of the selected indicators with the Czech market, it was determined that the insurance company Allianz, Česká pojišťovna ZDRAVÍ and PNP Caribas Cardif had achieved best result and was the most efficient.