Constraints on Cosmic Ray Acceleration Capabilities of Black Holes in X-ray Binaries and Active ...

@article{65882,
   author = {Tursunov, Arman and Kološ, Martin and Stuchlík, Zdeněk},
   article_location = {Švýcarsko},
   article_number = {3},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030482},
   keywords = {cosmic rays; UHECR; black hole; AGN; GBH; GZK cutoff; magnetic field},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {2073-8994},
   journal = {SYMMETRY-BASEL},
   title = {Constraints on Cosmic Ray Acceleration Capabilities of Black Holes in X-ray Binaries and Active Galactic Nuclei},
   url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/3/482},
   volume = {14},
   year = {2022}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 65882
AU  - Tursunov, Arman - Kološ, Martin - Stuchlík, Zdeněk
PY  - 2022
TI  - Constraints on Cosmic Ray Acceleration Capabilities of Black Holes in X-ray Binaries and Active Galactic Nuclei
JF  - SYMMETRY-BASEL
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
SP  - "482-1"-"482-12"
EP  - "482-1"-"482-12"
SN  - 20738994
KW  - cosmic rays
KW  - UHECR
KW  - black hole
KW  - AGN
KW  - GBH
KW  - GZK cutoff
KW  - magnetic field
UR  - https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/3/482
N2  - Rotating black holes (BHs) are likely the largest energy reservoirs in the Universe as predicted by BH thermodynamics, while cosmic rays (CRs) are the most energetic among particles detected on Earth. Magnetic fields surrounding BHs combined with strong gravity effects, thanks to the spacetime symmetries, turn the BHs into powerful accelerators of charged particles. At the same time, in the age of multi-wavelength and multi-messenger astronomy, BHs and their environments have not yet been probed with CR messengers, despite being observed across most of the electromagnetic spectrum, and neutrino and gravitational waves. In this paper, we probe the acceleration capabilities of BHs in 8 galactic X-ray binaries and 25 local active galactic nuclei (AGNs) within 100 Mpc, based on the ultra-efficient regime of the magnetic Penrose process of a BH energy extraction combined with observational data. We find that the maximum energy of the galactic BHs can reach only up to the knee of the CR spectrum, including supermassive BH Sgr A* at the Galactic Center. On the other hand, for supermassive BHs in AGNs, we find that the mean energy of primary CRs is of the order of 10(19) eV. It is therefore likely that local supermassive BHs give sufficient contribution to the ankle-a sharp change in the slope of the cosmic ray spectrum around 10(18)(.6) eV energy. We also discuss the energy losses of primary CRs close to the acceleration zones. In the galactic BH cases, it is likely dominated by synchrotron radiation losses.
ER  - 

TURSUNOV, Arman, Martin KOLOŠ and Zdeněk STUCHLÍK. Constraints on Cosmic Ray Acceleration Capabilities of Black Holes in X-ray Binaries and Active Galactic Nuclei. \textit{SYMMETRY-BASEL}. Švýcarsko, 2022, vol.~14, No~3, p.~''482-1''-''482-12'', 12 pp. ISSN~2073-8994. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14030482.