Characteristics and Sources of PAHs, Hopanes, and Elements in PM10 Aerosol in Tulsipur and Charikot ...

@article{65901,
   author = {Zapletal, Miloš and Cudlin, Pavel and Khadka, Chiranjeewee and Krumal, Kamil and Mikuska, Pavel and Cigankova, Hana and Polasek, Martin},
   article_number = {12},
   doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05953-7},
   keywords = {PM10; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Hopanes; Elements; Meteorological parameters; Nepal environment},
   language = {eng},
   issn = {0049-6979},
   journal = {WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION},
   title = {Characteristics and Sources of PAHs, Hopanes, and Elements in PM10 Aerosol in Tulsipur and Charikot (Nepal)},
   url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-022-05953-7},
   volume = {233},
   year = {2022}
}

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 65901
AU  - Zapletal, Miloš - Cudlin, Pavel - Khadka, Chiranjeewee - Krumal, Kamil - Mikuska, Pavel - Cigankova, Hana - Polasek, Martin
PY  - 2022
TI  - Characteristics and Sources of PAHs, Hopanes, and Elements in PM10 Aerosol in Tulsipur and Charikot (Nepal)
JF  - WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
VL  - 233
IS  - 12
SP  - "486-1"-"486-21"
EP  - "486-1"-"486-21"
SN  - 00496979
KW  - PM10
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Hopanes
KW  - Elements
KW  - Meteorological parameters
KW  - Nepal environment
UR  - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11270-022-05953-7
N2  - Concentration of PAHs, hopanes, and elements in PM10 aerosol samples was measured in two Nepalese urban centers, Tulsipur (725 m above sea level; 150,000 inhabitants) and Charikot (1,550 m above sea level; 23,000 inhabitants) in the monsoon period (August 2018) and pre-monsoon period (April-May 2019). The 24-h PM10 limit value of 50 mu g m(-3) for human health was significantly exceeded at all locations, and the Nepal concentration limit of 150 mu g m(-3) was exceeded at Tulsipur-bus station, Tulsipur-village, and Charikot-hospital in the pre-monsoon season. The average daily PM10 and PAHs concentrations showed seasonal variations, with lower concentrations in the monsoon season and the higher values in pre-monsoon season. The average daily PM10 and PAHs concentrations in the both sites were 133 mu g m(-3) and 23.8 ng m(-3) in the pre-monsoon period and 49.6 mu g m(-3) and 2.30 ng m(-3) in the monsoon period, respectively. The average daily hopane concentration during the pre-monsoon period was 1.40 ng m(-3) in Tulsipur and 0.70 ng m(-3) in Charikot. The IndP / (IndP + BghiP) ratio was higher than 0.5 during monsoon period, indicating combustion of biomass and charcoal burning. IndP / (IndP + BghiP) between 0.2 and 0.5 during pre-monsoon season indicates petroleum combustion. Fla / (Fla + Pyr) ratio between 0.3 and 0.5 during pre-monsoon and monsoon periods indicates high proportion of petroleum product combustion. The biomass burning associated with dense traffic in the center of the two cities was the main source of PAHs. The average daily element concentration was 6.80 ng m(-3) in both locations during the monsoon period.
ER  - 

ZAPLETAL, Miloš, Pavel CUDLIN, Chiranjeewee KHADKA, Kamil KRUMAL, Pavel MIKUSKA, Hana CIGANKOVA and Martin POLASEK. Characteristics and Sources of PAHs, Hopanes, and Elements in PM10 Aerosol in Tulsipur and Charikot (Nepal). \textit{WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION}. 2022, vol.~233, No~12, p.~''486-1''-''486-21'', 21 pp. ISSN~0049-6979. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05953-7.