The purpose of the paper is to evaluate women motivations and attitudes towards maternity and parenthood. The intention is to point out the ever-changing social role of woman-mother in the context of social and economic development. Social development is connected to the factors which influence motivation for maternity and parenthood. These factors are connected also with the social gender roles of mother and father, the economic self-sufficiency, and the ability of women to keep their qualifications and work positions. This research of women opinions and attitudes towards maternity and parenthood was focused on the motivational factors, the financial security, the standard of living during maternity and parenthood, the state aid, the shared childcare between men and women, and the comparison of beliefs towards social and economic conditions.