J 2025

A straightforward construction of Z-graded Lie algebras of full-fledged nonlocal symmetries via recursion operators

JAHNOVÁ, Jiřina and Petr VOJČÁK

Basic information

Original name

A straightforward construction of Z-graded Lie algebras of full-fledged nonlocal symmetries via recursion operators

Edition

Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, Amsterdam, Elsevier B.V. 2025, 0167-2789

Other information

Language

English

Type of outcome

Article in a journal

Country of publisher

Netherlands

Confidentiality degree

is not subject to a state or trade secret

Impact factor

Impact factor: 2.900 in 2024

Marked to be transferred to RIV

No

Organization unit

Mathematical Institute in Opava

UT WoS

001475789500001

EID Scopus

2-s2.0-105002816631

Keywords in English

Nonlocal symmetries; Recursion operators; Weights; Z-graded lie algebras

Tags

Tags

International impact, Reviewed
Changed: 24/2/2026 13:58, Mgr. Aleš Ryšavý

Abstract

In the original language

We consider the reduced quasi-classical self-dual Yang–Mills equation (rYME) and two recently found (Jahnová and Vojčák, 2024) invertible recursion operators Rq and Rm for its full-fledged (in a given differential covering) nonlocal symmetries. We introduce a Z-grading on the Lie algebra symLτ(E) of all nonlocal Laurent polynomial symmetries of the rYME and prove that both the operators Rq and Rm are Z-graded automorphisms of the underlying vector space on the set symLτ(E). This inter alia implies that all its vector subspaces formed by all homogeneous elements of a given fixed degree (i.e. a weight in the context below) are mutually isomorphic, and thus each of them can be uniquely reconstructed from the vector space of all homogeneous symmetries of the zero degree. To the best of our knowledge, such a result is unparalleled in the current body of literature. The obtained results are used for the construction of a Lie subalgebra V of symLτ(E) which contains all known to us nonlocal Laurent polynomial symmetries of the rYME. The Lie algebra V is subsequently described as the linear span of the orbits of a set of selected zero-weight symmetries — we refer to them as to the seed generators of V. Further, we study the hierarchies of symmetries related to the seed generators under the action of the group of recursion operators generated by Rq and Rm. Finally, the linear dependence/independence of the (sub)set of generators of V is discussed.